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Nie E, Xu L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Lu Y, Zhang S, Yu Z, Li QX, Ye Q, Wang H. Effects of reduced graphene oxide nanomaterials on transformation of 14C-triclosan in soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173858. [PMID: 38876353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Increasing use and release of graphene nanomaterials and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in soil environment have polluted the environment and posed high ecological risks. However, little is understood about the interactive effects and mechanism of graphene on the behaviors of PPCPs in soil. In the present study, the effects of reduced graphene oxide nanomaterials (RGO) on the fate of triclosan in two typical soils (S1: silty loam; S2: silty clay loam) were investigated with 14C-triclosan, high-resolution mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and microbial community structure analysis. The results showed that RGO prolonged the half-life of triclosan by 23.6-51.3 %, but delayed the formation of transformed products such as methyl triclosan and dechlorinated dimer of triclosan in the two typical soils. Mineralization of triclosan to 14CO2 was inhibited by 48.2-79.3 % in 500 mg kg-1 RGO in comparison with that in the control, whereas the bound residue was 54.2-56.4 % greater than the control. RGO also reduced the relative abundances of triclosan-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas) in soils. Compared to silty loam, RGO more effectively inhibited triclosan degradation in silty clay loam. Furthermore, the DFT calculations suggested a strong association of the adsorption of triclosan on RGO with the van der Waals forces and π-π interactions. These results revealed that RGO inhibited the transformation of 14C-triclosan in soil through strong adsorption and triclosan-degrading bacteria inhibition in soils. Therefore, the presence of RGO may potentially enhance persistence of triclosan in soil. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the risk assessment of triclosan in the presence of GNs in soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Nie
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yandao Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Dong S, Yan PF, Mezzari MP, Abriola LM, Pennell KD, Cápiro NL. Using Network Analysis and Predictive Functional Analysis to Explore the Fluorotelomer Biotransformation Potential of Soil Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7480-7492. [PMID: 38639388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including fluorotelomer-derived PFAS, by native microbial communities in the environment has been widely documented. However, few studies have identified the key microorganisms and their roles during the PFAS biotransformation processes. This study was undertaken to gain more insight into the structure and function of soil microbial communities that are relevant to PFAS biotransformation. We collected 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate biotransformation studies conducted in soil microcosms under various redox conditions. Through co-occurrence network analysis, several genera, including Variovorax, Rhodococcus, and Cupriavidus, were found to likely play important roles in the biotransformation of fluorotelomers. Additionally, a metagenomic prediction approach (PICRUSt2) identified functional genes, including 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-carbonyl-CoA hydrolase, cyclohexa-1,5-dienecarbonyl-CoA hydratase, and a fluoride-proton antiporter gene, that may be involved in defluorination. This study pioneers the application of these bioinformatics tools in the analysis of PFAS biotransformation-related sequencing data. Our findings serve as a foundational reference for investigating enzymatic mechanisms of microbial defluorination that may facilitate the development of efficient microbial consortia and/or pure microbial strains for PFAS biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dong
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 214 Riley-Robb Hall, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Yan
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 214 Riley-Robb Hall, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Melissa P Mezzari
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Linda M Abriola
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Natalie L Cápiro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 214 Riley-Robb Hall, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Li X, Li L, Tang L, Mei J, Fu J. Unveiling combined ecotoxicity: Interactions and impacts of engineered nanoparticles and PPCPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170746. [PMID: 38342466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants such as engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are of great concern because of their wide distribution and incomplete removal in conventional wastewater and soil treatment processes. The production and usage of ENPs and PPCPs inevitably result in their coexistence in different environmental media, thus posing various risks to organisms in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. However, the existing literature on the physicochemical interactions between ENPs and PPCPs and their effects on organisms is rather limited. Therefore, this paper summarized the ecotoxicity of combined ENPs and PPCPs by discussing: (1) the interactions between ENPs and PPCPs, including processes such as aggregation, adsorption, transformation, and desorption, considering the influence of environmental factors like pH, ionic strength, dissolved organic matter, and temperature; (2) the effects of these interactions on bioaccumulation, bioavailability and biotoxicity in organisms at different trophic levels; (3) the impacted of ENPs and PPCPs on cellular-level biological process. This review elucidated the potential ecological hazards associated with the interaction of ENPs and PPCPs, and serves as a foundation for future investigations into the ecotoxicity and mode of action of ENPs, PPCPs, and their co-occurring metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China.
| | - Jingting Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China.
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Chen Y, Shi R, Hu Y, Xu W, Zhu NM, Xie H. Alkali-thermal activated persulfate treatment of tetrabromobisphenol A in soil: Parameter optimization, mechanism, degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166477. [PMID: 37625715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The continued accumulation of halogenated organic pollutants in soil posed a potential threat to ecosystems and human health. In this study, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) was used as a typical representative of halogenated organic pollutants in soil, for alkali-thermal activated persulfate (PS) treatment. The results of response surface methodology (RSM) showed a optimal debromination efficiency of TBBPA was 88.99 % under the optimum reaction conditions. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) confirmed that SO4-•, HO•, O2-• and 1O2 existed simultaneously in the oxidation process. SO4-• played a major role in the initial stage of the reaction, and O2-• played a major role in the the last stage. Based on density functional theory (DFT) and intermediate products, two degradation pathways were proposed, including debromination reaction and β bond scission. Moreover, the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil were affected to a certain extent, while the soil surface structure, elements and functional group composition rarely changed. In addition, the T.E.S.T. analysis and biotoxicity tests proved that alkali-thermal activated PS can effectively reduce the toxicity of TBBPA-contaminated soil, which is conducive to the subsequent safe secondary utilization of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Rui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
| | - Yafei Hu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Wenlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Neng-Min Zhu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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van Hamelsveld S, McGill E, Taylor W, Weaver L. Draft genome sequences of 12 triclosan tolerant bacteria isolated from returned activated sewage sludge. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0033623. [PMID: 37754567 PMCID: PMC10586144 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00336-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the whole genome sequences of 12 highly triclosan tolerant bacteria isolated from returned activated sludge spiked with triclosan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin McGill
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Ltd., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - William Taylor
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Ltd., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Louise Weaver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Ltd., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
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6
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He H, Huang J, Zhao Z, Feng W, Zheng X, Du P. Impact of clomazone on bacterial communities in two soils. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1198808. [PMID: 37583513 PMCID: PMC10424789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1198808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial communities are important for soil functions, but the effect of clomazone on network complexity, composition, and stability is not well studied. Method In this study, two agricultural soils were used to test the impact of clomazone on bacterial communities, and the two soils were treated with three concentrations of clomazone (0, 0.8, 8, and 80 mg kg1) in an incubator. Results and discussion Bacterial network nodes, links, and average degrees were all decreased by 9-384, 648-829, and 0.703-2.429, respectively. Based on keystone nodes, the topological roles of the nodes were also influenced by clomazone. Bacterial network composition was also impacted based on the analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and network dissimilarity. Compared with control and clomazone treatments in both soils, the ANOSIM between control and all clomazone treatments was higher than 0.6, network dissimilarities were 0.97-0.98, shared nodes were 131-260, and shared links were 12-100. The bacterial network stability was decreased by clomazone, with decreased robustness by 0.01-0.016 and increased vulnerability by 0.00023-0.00147 in both soils. There were fewer bacterial network modules preserved after clomazone treatment, and the bacterial network community functions were also impacted in both soils. Based on these results, soil bacterial species connections, modularization, and network stability were significantly impacted by clomazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong He
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengqiang Du
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Taweetanawanit P, Therdkiattikul N, Sonsuphab K, Sucharitpwatskul S, Suriyawanakul J, Radpukdee T, Ratpukdi T, Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi S. Triclocarban-contaminated wastewater treatment by innovative hybrid moving entrapped bead activated sludge reactor (HyMER): Continuous performance and computational dynamic simulation analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163037. [PMID: 37001270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) has been used in consumer products and is a widespread contaminant in municipal wastewater treatment systems that ultimately accumulates in natural receiving water and soil. This work aims to apply an innovative hybrid moving entrapped bead activated sludge reactor (named "HyMER") that integrates entrapped TCC-degrading microbes and freely suspended activated sludge to treat TCC-contaminated wastewater. A previously isolated TCC-degrading bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MC46, called MC46) and barium alginate entrapment were applied. The synthetic TCC-contaminated wastewater treatment (with TCC concentration of 10 mg/L) was performed using 20-cycle fed-batch reactor operation with feeding times of 12 and 24 h and cycle times of 13 and 25 h. The results indicated that the HyMER effectively reduced chemical oxygen demand by up to 80 and 95 % and TCC by up to 53 and 83 %, respectively, with feeding times of 12 and 24 h. Three TCC degradation intermediate products were found-3,4-dichloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline, and aniline. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed shorter cells and bacterial appendage development as cell adaptations against TCC and its intermediates. The live/dead assay indicated high survival of entrapped MC46 in toxic conditions, with up to 84 % viable cells. Based on computational fluid dynamic analysis, no entrapped cell agglomeration showed in the reactor, indicating the potential application of HyMER for real wastewater treatment. These results exhibit the feasibility of HyMER and its applicability for future toxic wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Taweetanawanit
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nakharin Therdkiattikul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Khuanchanok Sonsuphab
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sedthawatt Sucharitpwatskul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jarupol Suriyawanakul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thana Radpukdee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thunyalux Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sumana Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Sanchez-Huerta C, Medina JS, Wang C, Fortunato L, Hong PY. Understanding the role of sorption and biodegradation in the removal of organic micropollutants by membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) with different biofilm thickness. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119935. [PMID: 37030196 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of sorption and biodegradation in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) were investigated for the removal of 10 organic micropollutants (OMPs) including endocrine disruptors and pharmaceutical active compounds. The influence of the biofilm thickness on the mechanisms of removal was analyzed via kinetic test at three different stages. At all biofilm stages, biodegradation was demonstrated to dominate the removal of selected OMPs. Higher OMPs rates of removal via biodegradation (Kbiol) were achieved when biofilm increased its thickness from (stage T1) 0.26 mm, to (stage T2) 0.58 mm and (stage T3) 1.03 mm. At stage T1 of biofilm, heterotrophs contribute predominantly to OMPs degradation. Hydrophilic compounds removal (i.e., acetaminophen) continue to be driven by heterotrophic bacteria at the next stages of biofilm thickness. However, for medium hydrophobic neutral and charged OMPs, the combined action of heterotrophic and enriched nitrifying activity at stages T2 and T3 enhanced the overall removal. A degradation pathway based on heterotrophic activity for acetaminophen and combined action of nitrifiers-heterotrophs for estrone was proposed based on identified metabolites. Although biodegradation dominated the removal of most OMPs, sorption was also observed to be essential in the removal of biologically recalcitrant and lipophilic compounds like triclosan. Furthermore, sorption capacity of apolar compound was enhanced as the biofilm thickness grew and increased in EPS protein fraction. Microbial analysis confirmed the higher abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying activity at stage T3 of biofilm, which not only facilitated near complete ammonium removal but also enhanced degradation of OMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sanchez-Huerta
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julie Sanchez Medina
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changzhi Wang
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Navrozidou E, Remmas N, Melidis P, Sylaios G, Ntougias S. Biotreatment efficiency, degradation mechanism and bacterial community structure in an immobilized cell bioreactor treating triclosan-rich wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1518-1529. [PMID: 34781849 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2007287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biotreatment of triclosan is mainly performed in conventional activated sludge systems, which, however, are not capable of completely removing this antibacterial agent. As a consequence, triclosan ends up in surface and groundwater, constituting an environmental threat, due to its toxicity to aquatic life. However, little is known regarding the diversity and mechanism of action of microbiota capable of degrading triclosan. In this work, an immobilized cell bioreactor was setup to treat triclosan-rich wastewater. Bioreactor operation resulted in high triclosan removal efficiency, even greater than 99.5%. Nitrogen assimilation was mainly occurred in immobilized biomass, although nitrification was inhibited. Based on Illumina sequencing, Bradyrhizobiaceae, followed by Ferruginibacter, Thermomonas, Lysobacter and Gordonia, were the dominant genera in the bioreactor, representing 38.40 ± 0.62% of the total reads. However, a broad number of taxa (15 genera), mainly members of Xanthomonadaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae and Chitinophagaceae, showed relative abundances between 1% and 3%. Liquid Chromatography coupled to Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) resulted in the identification of catabolic routes of triclosan in the immobilized cell bioreactor. Seven intermediates of triclosan were detected, with 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorocatechol and 2-chlorohydroquinone being the key breakdown products of triclosan. Thus, the immobilized cell bioreactor accommodated a diverse bacterial community capable of degrading triclosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Navrozidou
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Remmas
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Georgios Sylaios
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
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10
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Pápai M, Benedek T, Táncsics A, Bornemann TLV, Plewka J, Probst AJ, Hussein D, Maróti G, Menashe O, Kriszt B. Selective enrichment, identification, and isolation of diclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine degrading bacteria from a groundwater biofilm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44518-44535. [PMID: 36690856 PMCID: PMC10076411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine are three of the most widely detected and most concerning pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria that may be involved in their degradation from a bacterial biofilm. Selective enrichment cultures in mineral salt solution containing pharmaceutical compounds as sole source of carbon and energy were set up, and population dynamics were monitored using shotgun metagenome sequencing. Bacterial genomes were reconstructed using genome-resolved metagenomics. Thirty bacterial isolates were obtained, identified at species level, and tested regarding pharmaceutical biodegradation at an initial concentration of 1.5 mg l-1. The results indicated that most probably diclofenac biodegrading cultures consisted of members of genera Ferrovibrio, Hydrocarboniphaga, Zavarzinia, and Sphingopyxis, while in ibuprofen biodegradation Nocardioides and Starkeya, and in carbamazepine biodegradation Nocardioides, Pseudonocardia, and Sphingopyxis might be involved. During the enrichments, compared to the initial state the percentage relative abundance of these genera increased up to three orders of magnitude. Except Starkeya, the genomes of these bacteria were reconstructed and annotated. Metabolic analyses of the annotated genomes indicated that these bacteria harbored genes associated with pharmaceutical biodegradation. Stenotrophomonas humi DIC_5 and Rhizobium daejeonense IBU_18 isolates eliminated diclofenac and ibuprofen during the tests in the presence of either glucose (3 g l-1) or in R2A broth. Higher than 90% concentration reduction was observed in the case of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Pápai
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tibor Benedek
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - András Táncsics
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Till L V Bornemann
- Group for Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Universitäts Str. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Plewka
- Group for Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Universitäts Str. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander J Probst
- Group for Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Universitäts Str. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Daood Hussein
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Laboratories of Food Analysis, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, Hungary
- Seqomics Biotechnology Ltd, Vállalkozók 7, 6782, Mórahalom, Hungary
| | - Ofir Menashe
- Water Industry Engineering Department, The Engineering Faculty, Kinneret Academic College On the Sea of Galilee, D.N. Emek Ha, 15132, Yarden, Israel
- BioCastle Water Technologies Ltd, Tzemah, Israel
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Department of Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Páter K. U. 1, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
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11
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Xiao J, Huang J, Wang Y, Qian X. The fate and behavior of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in constructed wetlands: Insights into potential removal and transformation pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160309. [PMID: 36403847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although constructed wetland (CW) technology is widely used to eliminate emerging organic pollutants, the removal pathway of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in CW system have not been fully understood yet. This study aims to deeply probe into the fate and behavior of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in CW system. Findings indicated that the removal efficiency of PFOA by CW system was 49.69-73.63 % with initial concentrations at 100-1000 μg/L. Substrate was the main "sink" of PFOA into the CWs (46.22-50.83 %), and the plant uptake (1.99-2.48 %) accounted for a small proportion. Transformation products in the effluent of CW systems included a series of short-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), hydrogen-containing perfluoroalkanes and other organic fluorides. Activated pathways of xenobiotics biodegradation suggested that enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions might be responsible for the PFOA transformation. The transformation pathway included enzymatic decarboxylation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis, dehydrogenation and dehalogenation, as well as non-enzymatic reactions. These discoveries provide new insights into the in-depth understanding environmental behavior of PFOA in ecosystem and lay the foundation for further ecological remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China.
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Qian
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, PR China
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12
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Chen Y, Shi R, Luo H, Zhang R, Hu Y, Xie H, Zhu NM. Alkali-catalyzed hydrothermal oxidation treatment of triclosan in soil: Mechanism, degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159187. [PMID: 36202363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The continuous accumulation of chlorinated organic pollutants in soil poses a potential threat to ecosystems and human health alike. Alkali-catalyzed hydrothermal oxidation (HTO) can successfully remove chlorinated organic pollutants from water, but it is rarely applied to soil remediation. In this work, we assessed this technique to degrade and detoxify triclosan (TCS) in soil and we determined the underlying mechanisms. The results showed a dechlorination efficiency of TCS (100 mg per kg soil) of 49.03 % after 120 min reaction (H2O2/soil ratio 25 mL·g-1, reaction temperature 180 °C in presence of 1 g·L-1 NaOH). It was found that soil organic constituents (humic acid, HA) and inorganic minerals (SiO2, Al2O3, and CaCO3) suppressed the dechlorination degradation of TCS, with HA having the strongest inhibitory effect. During alkali-catalyzed HTO, the TCS molecules were effectively destroyed and humic acid-like or fulvic acid-like organics with oxygen functional groups were generated. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed that hydroxyl radicals (OH) were the dominant reactive species of TCS degradation in soil. On the basis of the Fukui function and the degradation intermediates, two degradation pathways were proposed. One started with cleavage of the ether bond between the benzene rings of TCS, followed by dechlorination and the opening of benzene via oxidation. The other pathway started with direct hydroxylation of the benzene rings of TCS, after which they were opened and dechlorinated through oxidation. Analysis of the soil structure before and after treatment revealed that the soil surface changed from rough to smooth without affecting soil surface elements. Finally, biotoxicity tests proved that alkali-catalyzed HTO effectively reduced the toxicity of TCS-contaminated soil. This study suggests that alkali-catalyzed hydrothermal oxidation provides an environmentally friendly approach for the treatment of soil contaminated with chlorinated organics such as TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Rui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Hongjun Luo
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yafei Hu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Neng-Min Zhu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Viganò L, Guzzella L, Marziali L, Mascolo G, Bagnuolo G, Ciannarella R, Roscioli C. The last 50 years of organic contamination of a highly anthropized tributary of the Po River (Italy). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116665. [PMID: 36423407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the temporal profiles of many organic micropollutants analysed in a sediment core sampled from a highly anthropized tributary of the Po River, the Lambro River. Analysed for extractable organic halogens (EOX), total petroleum hydrocarbons (C10-C40TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), common legacy pollutants (DDTs, PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (PBDEs, DBDPE, TBBPA-bis, TCBPA, TBBPA, HBCDs), organotins (TBT, TPhT), antimicrobials (TCS, TCC), fragrances (AHTN, HHCB) and phthalates (DMP, DEP, DnBP, BBP, DEHP, DnOP), the dated sediment core revealed the historical record of 50 years of chemical contamination discharged into the Lambro and thereby the Po River. In this regard, the peak levels of PCBs and DDTs found in Lambro sediments were also identified in other sediment cores collected from the Po River prodelta in the Adriatic Sea, thus hundreds of kilometres downstream (Combi et al., 2020). The highest risk to aquatic organisms was associated with decades of high levels of C10-C40 TPH, PBDEs, PCBs, PAHs, DDTs, EOX, TCC, AHTN and DEHP, which in different periods of the contamination history, showed exceedances of guideline/threshold values. C10-C40 TPH and TCC, for example, were very high in the 1960s, whereas PCBs, DDTs, and PBDEs, peaked from the 1980s onward. The corresponding sums of PEC quotients ranged between 0.48 and 28.63, with a mean value (±SD) for the entire recording period of 10.62 ± 9.83. Environmental legislations and improved wastewater treatments were the main drivers of the recent downward trends observed for most of the chemicals investigated. Floods in turn resulted in macroscopic yet temporary improvements in the chemical quality of the tributary, conveying contaminated sediments into the Po River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Licia Guzzella
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Laura Marziali
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bagnuolo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggero Ciannarella
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, (IRSA - CNR), Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
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14
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Miao L, Chen S, Yang H, Hong Y, Sun L, Yang J, Sun G, Liu Y, Li C, Zang H, Cheng Y. Enhanced bioremediation of triclocarban-contaminated soil by Rhodococcus rhodochrous BX2 and Pseudomonas sp. LY-1 immobilized on biochar and microbial community response. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1168902. [PMID: 37065135 PMCID: PMC10098447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC), an emerging organic contaminant (EOC), has become a severe threat to soil microbial communities and ecological security. Here, the TCC-degrading strain Rhodococcus rhodochrous BX2 and DCA-degrading strain Pseudomonas sp. LY-1 (together referred to as TC1) were immobilized on biochar to remove TCC and its intermediates in TCC-contaminated soil. High-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the microbial community structure in TCC-contaminated soil. Analysis of co-occurrence networks was used to explore the mutual relationships among soil microbiome members. The results showed that the immobilized TC1 significantly increased the removal efficiency of TCC from 84.7 to 92.7% compared to CK (no TC1 cells on biochar) in 10 mg/L TCC liquid medium. The utilization of immobilized TC1 also significantly accelerated the removal of TCC from contaminated soil. Microbial community analysis revealed the crucial microorganisms and their functional enzymes participating in TCC degradation in soil. Moreover, the internal labor division patterns and connections of TCC-degrading microbes, with a focus on strains BX2 and LY-1, were unraveled by co-occurrence networks analysis. This work provides a promising strategy to facilitate the bioremediation of TCC in soil, which has potential application value for sustainable biobased economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Miao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Yaqi Hong
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Liwen Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Guanjun Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Hailian Zang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Cheng,
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15
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Nie E, Chen Y, Lu Y, Xu L, Zhang S, Yu Z, Ye Q, Wang H. Reduced graphene oxide accelerates the dissipation of 14C-Triclosan in paddy soil via adsorption interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136125. [PMID: 35995201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is one of common carbon nanomaterials, which is widely used in various fields. Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent added in pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Extensive release of RGO and triclosan has posed potential risks to humans and the environment. The impact of RGO on the fate of triclosan in paddy soil is poorly known. 14C-Triclosan was employed in the present study to determine its distribution, degradation and mineralization in paddy soil mixed with RGO. Compared with the control, RGO (500 mg kg-1) significantly inhibited the mineralization of 14C-triclosan, and reduced its extractability by 6.5%. The bound residues of triclosan in RGO-contaminated soil (100 and 500 mg kg-1) were 2.9-13.3% greater than that of the control at 112 d. RGO also accelerated the dissipation of triclosan, and its degradation products in both treatments and controls were tentatively identified via 14C-labeling method and LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. The concentrations of the major metabolites (methyl-triclosan and dechlorinated dimer) were inversely related with the concentrations of RGO. RGO at 50 mg kg-1 or lower had a negligible effect on the degradation of triclosan in paddy soil. Triclosan was strongly adsorbed onto RGO-contaminated soil, which may play a vital role in the fate of triclosan in RGO-contaminated paddy soil. Interestingly, RGO had little effect on triclosan-degrading bacteria via soil microbial community analysis. This study helps understand the effects of RGO on the transformation of triclosan in paddy soil, which is of significance to evaluate the environmental risk of triclosan in RGO-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguang Nie
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yandao Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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16
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Ivshina I, Bazhutin G, Tyumina E. Rhodococcus strains as a good biotool for neutralizing pharmaceutical pollutants and obtaining therapeutically valuable products: Through the past into the future. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:967127. [PMID: 36246215 PMCID: PMC9557007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.967127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients present a substantial risk when they reach the environment and drinking water sources. As a new type of dangerous pollutants with high chemical resistance and pronounced biological effects, they accumulate everywhere, often in significant concentrations (μg/L) in ecological environments, food chains, organs of farm animals and humans, and cause an intense response from the aquatic and soil microbiota. Rhodococcus spp. (Actinomycetia class), which occupy a dominant position in polluted ecosystems, stand out among other microorganisms with the greatest variety of degradable pollutants and participate in natural attenuation, are considered as active agents with high transforming and degrading impacts on pharmaceutical compounds. Many representatives of rhodococci are promising as unique sources of specific transforming enzymes, quorum quenching tools, natural products and novel antimicrobials, biosurfactants and nanostructures. The review presents the latest knowledge and current trends regarding the use of Rhodococcus spp. in the processes of pharmaceutical pollutants’ biodegradation, as well as in the fields of biocatalysis and biotechnology for the production of targeted pharmaceutical products. The current literature sources presented in the review can be helpful in future research programs aimed at promoting Rhodococcus spp. as potential biodegraders and biotransformers to control pharmaceutical pollution in the environment.
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17
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High-Throughput Microbial Community Analyses to Establish a Natural Fungal and Bacterial Consortium from Sewage Sludge Enriched with Three Pharmaceutical Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070668. [PMID: 35887425 PMCID: PMC9324927 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and unregulated contaminants end up in soils via stabilized/composted sewage sludges, paired with possible risks associated with the development of microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents or an imbalance in the microbial communities. An enrichment experiment was performed, fortifying the sewage sludge with carbamazepine, ketoprofen and diclofenac as model compounds, with the aim to obtain strains with the capability to transform these pollutants. Culturable microorganisms were obtained at the end of the experiment. Among fungi, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium raistrickii showed remarkable degradation rates. Population shifts in bacterial and fungal communities were also studied during the selective pressure using Illumina MiSeq. These analyses showed a predominance of Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes and Aspergillaceae) and Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, suggesting the possibility of selecting native microorganisms to carry out bioremediation processes using tailored techniques.
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18
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Izabel-Shen D, Li S, Luo T, Wang J, Li Y, Sun Q, Yu CP, Hu A. Repeated introduction of micropollutants enhances microbial succession despite stable degradation patterns. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:48. [PMID: 37938643 PMCID: PMC9723708 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing-volume release of micropollutants into natural surface waters has raised great concern due to their environmental accumulation. Persisting micropollutants can impact multiple generations of organisms, but their microbially-mediated degradation and their influence on community assembly remain understudied. Here, freshwater microbes were treated with several common micropollutants, alone or in combination, and then transferred every 5 days to fresh medium containing the same micropollutants to mimic the repeated exposure of microbes. Metabarcoding of 16S rRNA gene makers was chosen to study the succession of bacterial assemblages following micropollutant exposure. The removal rates of micropollutants were then measured to assess degradation capacity of the associated communities. The degradation of micropollutants did not accelerate over time but altered the microbial community composition. Community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes during early exposure, via random community changes and emergence of seedbanks, and deterministic processes later in the exposure, via advanced community succession. Early exposure stages were characterized by the presence of sensitive microorganisms such as Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes, which were then replaced by more tolerant bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria. Our findings have important implication for ecological feedback between microbe-micropollutants under anthropogenic climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Izabel-Shen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tingwei Luo
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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19
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Sun H, Huang K, Zhang X, Ren H, Ye L. Stable isotope probing reveals specific assimilating bacteria of refractory organic compounds in activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118105. [PMID: 35074670 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge in wastewater treatment bioreactors contains diverse bacteria, while little is known about the community structure of bacteria responsible for degradation of refractory organic compounds (ROCs). In this study, 10 ROCs frequently detected in sewage were investigated, and the potential bacteria degrading these ROCs were analyzed by DNA stable isotope probing and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial communities responsible for degradation of different ROCs were largely different. A total of 84 bacterial genera were found to be involved in degrading at least one of the 10 ROCs, however, only six genera (Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, Bosea, Brevundimonas, Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas) were common to all 10 ROCs. This suggests that different ROCs may have specific assimilating bacteria in the activated sludge. Our results also showed that these ROC-degrading bacteria are difficult to isolate by conventional methods and that most of them have relatively low relative abundance in municipal wastewater treatment bioreactors. Development of new technologies to increase the abundance and activity of these bacteria may significantly improve the removal efficiency of ROCs from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Gallego S, Brienza M, Béguet J, Chiron S, Martin-Laurent F. Impact of repeated irrigation of lettuce cultures with municipal wastewater on soil bacterial community diversity and composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29236-29243. [PMID: 34117546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of wastewater irrigation on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities of soil mesocosms planted with lettuces was studied over an experiment made of five cultivation campaigns. A limited effect of irrigation with either raw or treated wastewater was observed in both α-diversity and β-diversity of soil bacterial communities. However, the irrigation with wastewater fortified with a complex mixture of fourteen relevant chemicals at 10 μg/L each, including pharmaceutical, biocide, and pesticide active substances, led to a drift in the composition of soil bacterial community. One hundred operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified as responsible for changes between treated and fortified wastewater irrigation treatments. Our findings indicate that under a realistic agronomical scenario, the irrigation of vegetables with domestic (treated or raw) wastewater has no effect on soil bacterial communities. Nevertheless, under the worst-case scenario tested here (i.e., wastewater fortified with a mixture of chemicals), non-resilient changes were observed suggesting that continuous/repeated irrigation with wastewater could lead to the accumulation of contaminants in soil and induce changes in bacterial communities with unknown functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallego
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, 17 rue Sully, BP86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Monica Brienza
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier University, IRD, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Vial dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Jérémie Béguet
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, 17 rue Sully, BP86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier University, IRD, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Agroécologie, INRAE, 17 rue Sully, BP86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France.
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21
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Sun Z, Xi J, Yeung M, Lu L. Two quorum sensing enhancement methods optimized the biofilm of biofilters treating gaseous chlorobenzene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150589. [PMID: 34597570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of two quorum sensing (QS) enhancement methods on the performance and biofilm of biofilters treating chlorobenzene were investigated. Three biofilters were set up with BF1 as a control, BF2 added exogenous N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) and BF3 inoculated AHLs-producing bacterium identified as Acinetobacter. The average chlorobenzene elimination capacities were 73 and 77 g/m3/h for BF2 and BF3 respectively, which were significantly higher than 50 g/m3/h for BF1. The wet biomass of BF2 and BF3 with QS enhancement eventually increased to 60 and 39 kg/m3 respectively, and it was 29 kg/m3 for BF1. Analysis on biofilms in three biofilters showed that distribution uniformity, extracellular polymeric substances production, adhesive strengths, viability, and metabolic capacity of biofilms were all prompted by the two QS enhancement methods. Comparisons between the two QS enhancement methods showed that adding exogenous AHLs had more significant enhancing effect on biofilm due to its higher AHLs level in start-up period, while AHLs-producing bacteria had an advantage in enhancing bacterial community diversity. These results demonstrate that QS enhancement methods have the potential to optimize the biofilm and thus improve the performance of biofilters treating recalcitrant VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqiu Sun
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jinying Xi
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Marvin Yeung
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lichao Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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22
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Du P, He H, Zhou L, Dong F, Liu X, Zheng Y. Different biodegradation potential and the impacted soil functions of epoxiconazole in two soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126787. [PMID: 34399219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole is an effective pesticide to control Fusarium head blight (FHB), and the application will increase. To investigate the ecotoxicity of epoxiconazole to soil microbiome, we carried out an indoor experiment in which soils from two main regions of wheat production in China (Nanjing and Anyang) were treated with epoxiconazole (0, 0.0625, 0.625, or 6.25 mg kg-1) and incubated for 90 days. Under epoxiconazole stress, for bacteria and fungi, the abundance was increased and the diversity and community were impacted. In Anyang soil, the half-life of epoxiconazole was short with more increased species (linear discriminant analysis effect size biomarkers) and more increased xenobiotics biodegradation pathways in epoxiconazole treatments. The increased species mostly due to high abundance in initial state and more positive connections of the species. Co-occurrences revealed that epoxiconazole tightened bacterial connection, and increased positive correlations in Anyang soil. The N transformation was influenced with increased nifH and amoA; and the contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N were also increased. The functions of C, S, and manganese metabolisms were also impacted by epoxiconazole. This work expands our understanding about epoxiconazole degradation and help us to properly assess the risk of epoxiconazole in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqiang Du
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Hairong He
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63, Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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23
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Predicted functional genes for the biodegradation of xenobiotics in groundwater and sediment at two contaminated naval sites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:835-853. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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24
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Dang H, Cupples AM. Identification of the phylotypes involved in cis-dichloroethene and 1,4-dioxane biodegradation in soil microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148690. [PMID: 34198077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination with chlorinated compounds and 1,4-dioxane has been reported at many sites. Recently, there has been an increased interest in bioremediation because of the potential to degrade multiple contaminants concurrently. Towards improving bioremediation efficacy, the current study examined laboratory microcosms (inoculated separately with two soils) to determine the phylotypes and functional genes associated with the biodegradation of two common co-contaminants (cis-dichloroethene [cDCE] and 1,4-dioxane). The impact of amending microcosms with lactate on cDCE and 1,4-dioxane biodegradation was also investigated. The presence of either lactate or cDCE did not impact 1,4-dioxane biodegradation one of the two soils. Lactate appeared to improve the initiation of the biological removal of cDCE in microcosms inoculated with either soil. Stable isotope probing (SIP) was then used to determine which phylotypes were actively involved in carbon uptake from cDCE and 1,4-dioxane in both soil communities. The most enriched phylotypes for 13C assimilation from 1,4-dioxane included Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodanobacter. Propane monooxygenase was predicted (by PICRUSt2) to be dominant in the 1,4-dioxane amended microbial communities and propane monooxygenase gene abundance values correlated with other enriched (but less abundant) phylotypes for 13C-1,4-dioxane assimilation. The dominant enriched phylotypes for 13C assimilation from cDCE included Bacteriovorax, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. In the cDCE amended soil microcosms, PICRUSt2 predicted the presence of DNA encoding glutathione S-transferase (a known cDCE upregulated enzyme). Overall, the work demonstrated concurrent removal of cDCE and 1,4-dioxane by indigenous soil microbial communities and the enhancement of cDCE removal by lactate. The data generated on the phylotypes responsible for carbon uptake (as determined by SIP) could be incorporated into diagnostic molecular methods for site characterization. The results suggest concurrent biodegradation of cDCE and 1,4-dioxane should be considered for chlorinated solvent site remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Dang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alison M Cupples
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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25
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Tong X, Leung MHY, Shen Z, Lee JYY, Mason CE, Lee PKH. Metagenomic insights into the microbial communities of inert and oligotrophic outdoor pier surfaces of a coastal city. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:213. [PMID: 34724986 PMCID: PMC8562002 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the microbiomes on surfaces in built environment have largely focused on indoor spaces, while outdoor spaces have received far less attention. Piers are engineered infrastructures commonly found in coastal areas, and due to their unique locations at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, pier surfaces are likely to harbor interesting microbiology. In this study, the microbiomes on the metal and concrete surfaces at nine piers located along the coastline of Hong Kong were investigated by metagenomic sequencing. The roles played by different physical attributes and environmental factors in shaping the taxonomic composition and functional traits of the pier surface microbiomes were determined. Metagenome-assembled genomes were reconstructed and their putative biosynthetic gene clusters were characterized in detail. RESULTS Surface material was found to be the strongest factor in structuring the taxonomic and functional compositions of the pier surface microbiomes. Corrosion-related bacteria were significantly enriched on metal surfaces, consistent with the pitting corrosion observed. The differential enrichment of taxa mediating biodegradation suggests differences between the metal and concrete surfaces in terms of specific xenobiotics being potentially degraded. Genome-centric analysis detected the presence of many novel species, with the majority of them belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. Genomic characterization showed that the potential metabolic functions and secondary biosynthetic capacity were largely correlated with taxonomy, rather than surface attributes and geography. CONCLUSIONS Pier surfaces are a rich reservoir of abundant novel bacterial species. Members of the surface microbial communities use different mechanisms to counter the stresses under oligotrophic conditions. A better understanding of the outdoor surface microbiomes located in different environments should enhance the ability to maintain outdoor surfaces of infrastructures. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Tong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Marcus H Y Leung
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Justin Y Y Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick K H Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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26
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Gallego S, Montemurro N, Béguet J, Rouard N, Philippot L, Pérez S, Martin-Laurent F. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of wastewater irrigation on soil microorganisms: Fate and impact of wastewater-borne micropollutants in lettuce-soil system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112595. [PMID: 34390984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of the new Water Reuse regulation in the European Union brings to the forefront the need to evaluate the risks of using wastewater for crop irrigation. Here, a two-tier ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed to evaluate the fate of wastewater-borne micropollutants in soil and their ecotoxicological impact on plants and soil microorganisms. To this end, two successive cultivation campaigns of lettuces were irrigated with wastewater (at agronomical dose (not spiked) and spiked with a mixture of 14 pharmaceuticals at 10 and 100 µg/L each) in a controlled greenhouse experiment. Over the two cultivation campaigns, an accumulation of PPCPs was observed in soil microcosms irrigated with wastewater spiked with 100 μg/L of PPCPs with the highest concentrations detected for clarithromycin, hydrochlorothiazide, citalopram, climbazole and carbamazepine. The abundance of bacterial and fungal communities remained stable over the two cultivation campaigns and was not affected by any of the irrigation regimes applied. Similarly, no changes were observed in the abundance of ammonium oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), nor in clade A of commamox no matter the cultivation campaign or the irrigation regime considered. Only a slight increase was detected in clade B of commamox bacteria after the second cultivation campaign. Sulfamethoxazole-resistant and -degrading bacteria were not impacted either. The irrigation regimes had only a limited effect on the bacterial evenness. However, in response to wastewater irrigation the structure of soil bacterial community significantly changed the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Beta-, Gamma- and Deltaprotebacteria. Twenty-eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified as responsible for the changes observed within the bacterial communities of soils irrigated with wastewater or with water. Interestingly, the relative abundance of these OTUs was similar in soils irrigated with either spiked or non-spiked irrigation solutions. This indicates that under both agronomical and worst-case scenario the mixture of fourteen PPCPs had no effect on soil bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallego
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- ENFOCHEM, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérémie Béguet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Nadine Rouard
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ENFOCHEM, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Kim HM, Kang JS. Metabolomic Studies for the Evaluation of Toxicity Induced by Environmental Toxicants on Model Organisms. Metabolites 2021; 11:485. [PMID: 34436425 PMCID: PMC8402193 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution causes significant toxicity to ecosystems. Thus, acquiring a deeper understanding of the concentration of environmental pollutants in ecosystems and, clarifying their potential toxicities is of great significance. Environmental metabolomics is a powerful technique in investigating the effects of pollutants on living organisms in the environment. In this review, we cover the different aspects of the environmental metabolomics approach, which allows the acquisition of reliable data. A step-by-step procedure from sample preparation to data interpretation is also discussed. Additionally, other factors, including model organisms and various types of emerging environmental toxicants are discussed. Moreover, we cover the considerations for successful environmental metabolomics as well as the identification of toxic effects based on data interpretation in combination with phenotype assays. Finally, the effects induced by various types of environmental toxicants in model organisms based on the application of environmental metabolomics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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28
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Li Z, Cupples AM. Diversity of nitrogen cycling genes at a Midwest long-term ecological research site with different management practices. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4309-4327. [PMID: 33944983 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer results in the release of nitrous oxide (N2O), a concern because N2O is an ozone-depleting substance and a greenhouse gas. Although the reduction of N2O to nitrogen gas can control emissions, the factors impacting the enzymes involved have not been fully explored. The current study investigated the abundance and diversity of genes involved in nitrogen cycling (primarily denitrification) under four agricultural management practices (no tillage [NT], conventional tillage [CT], reduced input, biologically-based). The work involved examining soil shotgun sequencing data for nine genes (napA, narG, nirK, nirS, norB, nosZ, nirA, nirB, nifH). For each gene, relative abundance values, diversity and richness indices, and taxonomic classification were determined. Additionally, the genes associated with nitrogen metabolism (defined by the KEGG hierarchy) were examined. The data generated were statistically compared between the four management practices. The relative abundance of four genes (nifH, nirK, nirS, and norB) were significantly lower in the NT treatment compared to one or more of the other soils. The abundance values of napA, narG, nifH, nirA, and nirB were not significantly different between NT and CT. The relative abundance of nirS was significantly higher in the CT treatment compared to the others. Diversity and richness values were higher for four of the nine genes (napA, narG, nirA, nirB). Based on nirS/nirK ratios, CT represents the highest N2O consumption potential in four soils. In conclusion, the microbial communities involved in nitrogen metabolism were sensitive to different agricultural practices, which in turn, likely has implications for N2O emissions. KEY POINTS: • Four genes were less abundant in NT compared to one or more of the others soils (nifH, nirK, nirS, norB). • The most abundant sequences for many of the genes classified within the Proteobacteria. • Higher diversity and richness indices were observed for four genes (napA, narG, nirA, nirB). • Based on nirS/nirK ratios, CT represents the highest N2O consumption potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, A135, 1449 Engineering Research Court, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Alison M Cupples
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, A135, 1449 Engineering Research Court, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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29
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Gallego S, Nos D, Montemurro N, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Pérez S, Solé M, Martin-Laurent F. Ecotoxicological impact of the antihypertensive valsartan on earthworms, extracellular enzymes and soil bacterial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116647. [PMID: 33582628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water in agriculture represents a promising alternative to relieve pressure on freshwater supplies, especially in arid or semiarid regions facing water scarcity. However, this implies introducing micropollutants such as pharmaceutical residues into the environment. The fate and the ecotoxicological impact of valsartan, an antihypertensive drug frequently detected in wastewater effluents, were evaluated in soil-earthworm microcosms. Valsartan dissipation in the soil was concomitant with valsartan acid formation. Although both valsartan and valsartan acid accumulated in earthworms, no effect was observed on biomarkers of exposure (acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities). The geometric mean index of soil enzyme activity increased in the soils containing earthworms, regardless of the presence of valsartan. Therefore, earthworms increased soil carboxylesterase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, urease and protease activities. Although bacterial richness significantly decreased following valsartan exposure, this trend was enhanced in the presence of earthworms with a significant impact on both alpha and beta microbial diversity. The operational taxonomic units involved in these changes were related to four (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes) of the eight most abundant phyla. Their relative abundances significantly increased in the valsartan-treated soils containing earthworms, suggesting the presence of potential valsartan degraders. The ecotoxicological effect of valsartan on microbes was strongly altered in the earthworm-added soils, hence the importance of considering synergistic effects of different soil organisms in the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallego
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie Dijon, France
| | - David Nos
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Renewable Marine Resources Department, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Science (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Renewable Marine Resources Department, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie Dijon, France.
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30
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Li M, Zhang C. Are silver nanoparticles better than triclosan as a daily antimicrobial? Answers from the perspectives of gut microbiome disruption and pathogenicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143983. [PMID: 33302073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to triclosan (TCS), the widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in daily products shows genuine potential. However, information regarding whether AgNPs are substantially better than TCS in their potential disruption of the gut microbiome and health effects is lacking. Using a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME), we systemically compared the effects of TCS and AgNPs (at 1 μg/L and 30 μg/L) on the human gut microbiome in terms of changes in gut homeostasis, microbial community structure, antibiotic resistance profiles and abundances of opportunistic pathogens. Generally, TCS exerted more severe effects than AgNPs on gut disturbances (i.e., decreased production of short-chain fatty acids, increased contents of ammonium and total bile acids, and increased β-glucosidase activities) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas no clear dose effect was observed for the AgNP treatment because of potential nanoparticle transformation. The more serious effect of TCS than AgNPs on the microbiota composition was indicated by the dynamic increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio determined using 16S rDNA sequencing. Metagenomic analyses revealed a more pronounced effect of TCS than AgNPs on the selection and dissemination of multiple resistance genes to antibiotics, TCS, and even Ag via the enrichment of genes encoding efflux pumps and mobile genetic elements. Consequently, the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens was observed upon TCS exposure due to an imbalanced microbiome, in contrast to a slight increase in the abundance of some beneficial bacteria (i.e., Bifidobacterium) induced by the AgNP treatment. In conclusion, from the perspective of effects on gut health, AgNPs may prevail over TCS to some extent. However, the stress and potential selection of Ag resistance indicates the need for targeted surveillance of AgNP commercialization for daily use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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31
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Kodešová R, Chroňáková A, Grabicová K, Kočárek M, Schmidtová Z, Frková Z, Vojs Staňová A, Nikodem A, Klement A, Fér M, Grabic R. How microbial community composition, sorption and simultaneous application of six pharmaceuticals affect their dissipation in soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141134. [PMID: 32768780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals may enter soils due to the application of treated wastewater or biosolids. Their leakage from soils towards the groundwater, and their uptake by plants is largely controlled by sorption and degradation of those compounds in soils. Standard laboratory batch degradation and sorption experiments were performed using soil samples obtained from the top horizons of seven different soil types and 6 pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, irbesartan, fexofenadine, clindamycin and sulfamethoxazole), which were applied either as single-solute solutions or as mixtures (not for sorption). The highest dissipation half-lives were observed for citalopram (average DT50,S for a single compound of 152 ± 53.5 days) followed by carbamazepine (106.0 ± 17.5 days), irbesartan (24.4 ± 3.5 days), fexofenadine (23.5 ± 20.9 days), clindamycin (10.8 ± 4.2 days) and sulfamethoxazole (9.6 ± 2.0 days). The simultaneous application of all compounds increased the half-lives (DT50,M) of all compounds (particularly carbamazepine, citalopram, fexofenadine and irbesartan), which is likely explained by the negative impact of antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin) on soil microbial community. However, this trend was not consistent in all soils. In several cases, the DT50,S values were even higher than the DT50,M values. Principal component analyses showed that while knowledge of basic soil properties determines grouping of soils according sorption behavior, knowledge of the microbial community structure could be used to group soils according to the dissipation behavior of tested compounds in these soils. The derived multiple linear regression models for estimating dissipation half-lives (DT50,S) for citalopram, clindamycin, fexofenadine, irbesartan and sulfamethoxazole always included at least one microbial factor (either amount of phosphorus in microbial biomass or microbial biomarkers derived from phospholipid fatty acids) that deceased half-lives (i.e., enhanced dissipations). Equations for citalopram, clindamycin, fexofenadine and sulfamethoxazole included the Freundlich sorption coefficient, which likely increased half-lives (i.e., prolonged dissipations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Kodešová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Alica Chroňáková
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kočárek
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Schmidtová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Frková
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, 6, rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, L-1359, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Maadani Mallak A, Lakzian A, Khodaverdi E, Haghnia GH, Mahmoudi S. Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor on triclosan biodegradation and activity of laccase and manganese peroxidase enzymes. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104473. [PMID: 32916239 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triclosan (TCS) is an extensively used antibacterial agent which has been frequently detected in different environmental compartments. Because of TCS inhibition effect on vast majority of bacterial species, it is important to explore fungal species and their involved enzymes in TCS biodegradation. The aim of this study was to compare the potential of two white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor for TCS biodegradation through the whole cell culture of fungi in an aqueous culture medium. Additionally, the changes in ligninolytic enzyme activities and possible correlations and contributions of degradative enzymes during TCS biodegradation process were monitored. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was carried out using a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design in three replications. factorial design in The experimental factors included: two white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor and uninoculated controls which were subjected to five levels of TCS concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 μg mL-1) to assess ligninolytic enzymatic activity during biodegradation of TCS. Samples were harvested periodically at three time intervals (4, 7 and 10 days). An AB SCIEX 3200 QTRAP LC-MS/MS system was used in order to analyze the biodegradation of TCS in liquid medium. RESULTS Results suggested that the two white rot fungi responded differently when exposed to the different concentrations of TCS. In general, P. ostreatus exhibited more potential and ligninolytic enzymatic activity compared to T. versicolor. LC-MS/MS analyses also showed that P. ostreatus degraded TCS with higher efficiency compared to T. versicolor. In addition, almost all P. ostreatus biodegradation activity was completed within the first day of sampling. Contrasting, less efficient degradation was observed by T. versicolor, reaching around 88% of TCS biodegradation at concentration of 20 μg mL-1after 10 days. At higher TCS concentrations (≥30 μg mL-1), the growth of T. versicolor severely inhibited and led to a drop in enzymatic activity and biodegradation. Furthermore, laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) were determined as more involved enzymes which significantly correlated to TCS biodegradation by T. versicolor and P. ostreatus, respectively. CONCLUSION P. ostreatus might be considered as efficient fungus in biodegradation of high amount of TCS in environmental matrices. The results of the present study might provide insights for future investigations on potential of fungi for applications in bioaugmentation-based strategies to remove TCS from wastewater and activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Maadani Mallak
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Lakzian
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Elham Khodaverdi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Haghnia
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Mahmoudi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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An X, Chen Y, Chen G, Feng L, Zhang Q. Integrated metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses reveal potential degradation mechanism of azo dye-Direct Black G by thermophilic microflora. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110557. [PMID: 32259760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct Black G (DBG) is a typical toxic azo dye with extensive applications but it poses a serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem and humans. It is necessary to efficiently and safely remove DBG from environments by the application of various treatment technologies. A thermophilic microflora previously isolated from the soil can effectively metabolize DBG. However, the molecular basis of DBG degradation by this thermophilic microflora remains unknown. In this study, metagenomic sequencing technology and qRT-PCR have been used to elucidate the functional potential of genes and their modes of action on DBG. A quantitative metaproteomic method was further utilized to identify the relative functional proteins involved. Subsequently, the possible co-metabolic molecular mechanisms of DBG degradation by candidate genes and functional proteins of the thermophilic microflora were illustrated. The combination of metagenomics and metaproteomics to investigate the degradation of DBG by a microflora was reported for the first time in recent literature; this can further provide a deep insight into the molecular degradation mechanism of dye pollutants by natural microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Guotao Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Linlin Feng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
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Jaiswal S, Shukla P. Alternative Strategies for Microbial Remediation of Pollutants via Synthetic Biology. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:808. [PMID: 32508759 PMCID: PMC7249858 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous contamination of the environment with xenobiotics and related recalcitrant compounds has emerged as a serious pollution threat. Bioremediation is the key to eliminating persistent contaminants from the environment. Traditional bioremediation processes show limitations, therefore it is necessary to discover new bioremediation technologies for better results. In this review we provide an outlook of alternative strategies for bioremediation via synthetic biology, including exploring the prerequisites for analysis of research data for developing synthetic biological models of microbial bioremediation. Moreover, cell coordination in synthetic microbial community, cell signaling, and quorum sensing as engineered for enhanced bioremediation strategies are described, along with promising gene editing tools for obtaining the host with target gene sequences responsible for the degradation of recalcitrant compounds. The synthetic genetic circuit and two-component regulatory system (TCRS)-based microbial biosensors for detection and bioremediation are also briefly explained. These developments are expected to increase the efficiency of bioremediation strategies for best results.
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From Laboratory Tests to the Ecoremedial System: The Importance of Microorganisms in the Recovery of PPCPs-Disturbed Ecosystems. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a wide variety of emerging pollutants in natural water resources is an important global water quality challenge. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are known as emerging contaminants, widely used by modern society. This objective ensures availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, according to the 2030 Agenda. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) do not always mitigate the presence of these emerging contaminants in effluents discharged into the environment, although the removal efficiency of WWTP varies based on the techniques used. This main subject is framed within a broader environmental paradigm, such as the transition to a circular economy. The research and innovation within the WWTP will play a key role in improving the water resource management and its surrounding industrial and natural ecosystems. Even though bioremediation is a green technology, its integration into the bio-economy strategy, which improves the quality of the environment, is surprisingly rare if we compare to other corrective techniques (physical and chemical). This work carries out a bibliographic review, since the beginning of the 21st century, on the biological remediation of some PPCPs, focusing on organisms (or their by-products) used at the scale of laboratory or scale-up. PPCPs have been selected on the basics of their occurrence in water resources. The data reveal that, despite the advantages that are associated with bioremediation, it is not the first option in the case of the recovery of systems contaminated with PPCPs. The results also show that fungi and bacteria are the most frequently studied microorganisms, with the latter being more easily implanted in complex biotechnological systems (78% of bacterial manuscripts vs. 40% fungi). A total of 52 works has been published while using microalgae and only in 7% of them, these organisms were used on a large scale. Special emphasis is made on the advantages that are provided by biotechnological systems in series, as well as on the need for eco-toxicological control that is associated with any process of recovery of contaminated systems.
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Yun H, Liang B, Kong D, Li X, Wang A. Fate, risk and removal of triclocarban: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121944. [PMID: 31901847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The halogenated antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) has large production and consumption over last decades. Its extensive utilization in personal care products and insufficient treatment in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has led to its listing as one of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). Due to the hydrophobicity and chemical stability of TCC, it has been omnipresent detected in terrestrial and aquatic environments, and its prolonged exposure has thrown potential pernicious threat to ecosystem and human health. Considering its recalcitrance, especially under anoxic conditions, both biological and non-biological methods have been exploited for its removal. The efficiency of advanced oxidation processes was optimistic, but complete removal can rarely be realized through a single method. The biodegradation of TCC either with microbial community or pure culture is feasible but efficient bacterial degraders and the molecular mechanism of degradation need to be further explored. This review provides comprehensive information of the occurrence, potential ecological and health effects, and biological and non-biological removal of TCC, and outlines future prospects for the risk evaluation and enhanced bioremediation of TCC in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yun
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Deyong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Sauvêtre A, Węgrzyn A, Yang L, Vestergaard G, Miksch K, Schröder P, Radl V. Enrichment of endophytic Actinobacteria in roots and rhizomes of Miscanthus × giganteus plants exposed to diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11892-11904. [PMID: 31981026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates how wastewater containing 2 mg l-1 of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and 2 mg l-1 of diclofenac (DCF) affects the composition of bacterial communities present in the roots and rhizomes of Miscanthus × giganteus plants grown in laboratory-scale constructed wetlands. Bacterial communities in plant roots and rhizomes were identified in treated and control samples by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Moreover, bacterial endophytes were isolated in R2A and 1/10 869 media and screened for their ability to metabolize SMX and DCF in liquid medium by HPLC. Our results show significant changes in the abundance of main genera, namely Sphingobium and Streptomyces between control and treated plants. Around 70% of the strains isolated from exposed plants belonged to the phylum Actinobacteria and were classified as Streptomyces, Microbacterium, and Glycomyces. In non-exposed plants, Proteobacteria represented 43.5% to 63.6% of the total. We identified 17 strains able to remove SMX and DCF in vitro. From those, 76% were isolated from exposed plants. Classified mainly as Streptomyces, they showed the highest SMX (33%) and DCF (41%) removal efficiency. These isolates, alone or in combination, might be used as bio-inoculants in constructed wetlands to enhance the phytoremediation of SMX and DCF during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Sauvêtre
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- HydroSciences Montpellier, UMR 5569, Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Montpellier, Avenue Charles Flahault 15, 34000, Montpellier, France.
| | - Anna Węgrzyn
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland., Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Luhua Yang
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gisle Vestergaard
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Copenhagen; Microbiology, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korneliusz Miksch
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland., Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viviane Radl
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Liang B, Yun H, Kong D, Ding Y, Li X, Vangnai AS, Wang A. Bioaugmentation of triclocarban and its dechlorinated congeners contaminated soil with functional degraders and the bacterial community response. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108840. [PMID: 31654905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Partial removal of haloaromatic antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) during wastewater treatment caused the final introduction of residual TCC into soils. Bioaugmentation has been proposed for the biodegradation of TCC and its dechlorinated congeners 4,4'-dichlorocarbanilide (DCC) and carbanilide (NCC) in soil. The isolated TCC-degrading strain Ochrobactrum sp. TCC-2 and chloroanilines-degrading strain Diaphorobacter sp. LD72 were used to study the removal efficiency of TCC, DCC and NCC mixture and their chloroanilines intermediates, respectively. The potential degradation competition between TCC and its dechlorinated congeners, and the response of bacterial community during the bioremediation were also investigated. The biodegradation of DCC and TCC was significantly enhanced for soil with inoculums compared with sterilized and natural soils. Chloroanilines products could also be effectively removed. For the degradation of combined substrates in the aqueous medium, NCC had negative effect on the degradation of TCC and DCC, while TCC and DCC negatively influenced each other. The bioaugmentation with two degraders obviously changed the phylogenetic composition and function of indigenous soil microbiome. Importantly, the inoculated degraders could be maintained, suggesting their adaptability and potential application in bioaugmentation for such recalcitrant contaminants. This study offers new insights into the enhanced bioremediation of TCC and its dechlorinated congeners contaminated soils by the bioaugmentation of functional degraders and the structure and function response of the indigenous soil microbiome to the bioremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hui Yun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Deyong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Yangcheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Alisa S Vangnai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Zheng G, Yu B, Wang Y, Ma C, Chen T. Removal of triclosan during wastewater treatment process and sewage sludge composting-A case study in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105300. [PMID: 31726362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is widely used as an antibacterial disinfectant in personal care products, especially in rapidly-urbanizing countries, such as China. Almost all TCS enters wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but the fate of the TCS in the WWTPs is unclear. TCS may be present in sewage sludge or in effluent, and the discharge of TCS into an ecosystem can pose environmental risks. In the present study, influent, effluent, and sewage sludge were collected from four typical urban WWTPs, and the fate of TCS in the plants was investigated. The study was conducted in Zhengzhou, a city in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China. The sewage sludge was used for aerobic composting to study the influences of different ventilation treatments on the biodegradation effects of TCS and the changes in the microbial community during the composting process. The results showed that the mean concentration of TCS in the influent of the four typical WWTPs was 397.1 ng/L. The mean level of TCS in the effluent was 8.0 ng/L. The mean concentration of TCS in the sewage sludge was 814.4 ng/g. For the four WWTPs, the percentages of TCS removal were 97.6% (Nansanhuan), 97.6% (Xinzheng), 98.8% (Wulongkou), and 97.9% (Chenyu), respectively. The sewage sludge enrichment rates for TCS ranged between 36.4% and 49%. Therefore, there is a need to focus on the environmental risks from sewage sludge. During aerobic composting, the TCS was effectively degraded under three ventilation strategies. Thus, improved ventilation could enhance the degradation rate of TCS. Moreover, TCS degradation occurred in the mesophilic period and in the early stage of the thermophilic phase period. Finally, the degradation rates of TCS in sewage sludge samples composted with low-, medium-, and high-ventilation treatments were 48.1%, 59.0%, and 59.5%, respectively. Thus, high ventilation could provide enough oxygen for the pile and enhanced microorganism activity, benefiting the degradation of TCS. In addition, the microbial communities change during the composting process, and a diversity index of the changes can help explain the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bao Yu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuewei Wang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jaeger A, Coll C, Posselt M, Mechelke J, Rutere C, Betterle A, Raza M, Mehrtens A, Meinikmann K, Portmann A, Singh T, Blaen PJ, Krause S, Horn MA, Hollender J, Benskin JP, Sobek A, Lewandowski J. Using recirculating flumes and a response surface model to investigate the role of hyporheic exchange and bacterial diversity on micropollutant half-lives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:2093-2108. [PMID: 31631204 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00327d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the understanding of the fate of wastewater-derived organic micropollutants in rivers is crucial to improve risk assessment, regulatory decision making and river management. Hyporheic exchange and sediment bacterial diversity are two factors gaining increasing importance as drivers for micropollutant degradation, but are complex to study in field experiments and usually ignored in laboratory tests aimed to estimate environmental half-lives. Flume mesocosms are useful to investigate micropollutant degradation processes, bridging the gap between the field and batch experiments. However, few studies have used flumes in this context. We present a novel experimental setup using 20 recirculating flumes and a response surface model to study the influence of hyporheic exchange and sediment bacterial diversity on half-lives of the anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and the artificial sweetener acesulfame (ACS). The effect of bedform-induced hyporheic exchange was tested by three treatment levels differing in number of bedforms (0, 3 and 6). Three levels of sediment bacterial diversity were obtained by diluting sediment from the River Erpe in Berlin, Germany, with sand (1 : 10, 1 : 1000 and 1 : 100 000). Our results show that ACS half-lives were significantly influenced by sediment dilution and number of bedforms. Half-lives of CBZ were higher than ACS, and were significantly affected only by the sediment dilution variable, and thus by bacterial diversity. Our results show that (1) the flume-setup is a useful tool to study the fate of micropollutants in rivers, and that (2) higher hyporheic exchange and bacterial diversity in the sediment can increase the degradation of micropollutants in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaeger
- Department Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
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Degradation of Triclosan from Domestic Wastewater by Biosurfactant Produced from Bacillus licheniformis. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:674-680. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nitrofurantoin-Microbial Degradation and Interactions with Environmental Bacterial Strains. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091526. [PMID: 31052168 PMCID: PMC6539117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The continuous exposure of living organisms and microorganisms to antibiotics that have increasingly been found in various environmental compartments may be perilous. One group of antibacterial agents that have an environmental impact that has been very scarcely studied is nitrofuran derivatives. Their representative is nitrofurantoin (NFT)-a synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic that is often overdosed. The main aims of the study were to: (a) isolate and characterize new microbial strains that are able to grow in the presence of NFT, (b) investigate the ability of isolates to decompose NFT, and (c) study the impact of NFT on microbial cell properties. As a result, five microbial species were isolated. A 24-h contact of bacteria with NFT provoked modifications in microbial cell properties. The greatest differences were observed in Sphingobacterium thalpophilum P3d, in which a decrease in both total and inner membrane permeability (from 86.7% to 48.3% and from 0.49 to 0.42 µM min-1) as well as an increase in cell surface hydrophobicity (from 28.3% to 39.7%) were observed. Nitrofurantoin removal by selected microbial cultures ranged from 50% to 90% in 28 days, depending on the bacterial strain. Although the isolates were able to decompose the pharmaceutical, its presence significantly affected the bacterial cells. Hence, the environmental impact of NFT should be investigated to a greater extent.
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