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Yang S, Yin Y, Zhang W, Li H, Wang X, Chen R. Advances in understanding bioaerosol release characteristics and potential hazards during aerobic composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171796. [PMID: 38513848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosol emissions and their associated risks are attracting increasing attention. Bioaerosols are generated during the pretreatment, fermentation, and screening of mature compost when processing various types of solid waste at composting plants (e.g., municipal sludge and animal manure). In this review, we summarize research into bioaerosols at different types of composting plants by focusing on the methods used for sampling bioaerosols, stages when emissions potentially occur, major components of bioaerosols, survival and diffusion factors, and possible control strategies. The six-stage Andersen impactor is the main method used for sampling bioaerosols in composting plants. In addition, different composting management methods mainly affect bioaerosol emissions from composting plants. Studies of the components of bioaerosols produced by composting plants mainly focused on bacteria and fungi, whereas few considered others such as endotoxin. The survival and diffusion of bioaerosols are influenced by seasonal effects due to changes in environmental factors, such as temperature and relative humidity. Finally, three potential strategies have been proposed for controlling bioaerosols in composting plants. Improved policies are required for regulating bioaerosol emissions, as well as bioaerosol concentration diffusion models and measures to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Yanan Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Wenrong Zhang
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Haichao Li
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
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Wang H, Yan Z, Zhang Z, Jiang K, Yu J, Yang Y, Yang B, Shu J, Yu Z, Wei Z. Real-time emission characteristics, health risks, and olfactory effects of VOCs released from soil disturbance during the remediation of an abandoned chemical pesticide industrial site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93617-93628. [PMID: 37516703 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released along with soil disturbance during the remediation of abandoned industrial sites have attracted great attention due to their possible toxicity and odour. However, the real-time emission characteristics of these VOCs and their subsequent effects on health and olfaction are less understood. In this study, the gaseous VOCs released from soil disturbance by excavators and drilling rigs at an abandoned chemical pesticide plant were monitored online with a laboratory-built single photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (SPI-TOFMS). Twelve main VOCs with total mean concentrations ranging from 2350 to 3410 μg m-3 were observed, with dichloromethane (DCM) having a significant contribution. The total concentrations of the remaining 11 VOCs increased substantially during soil disturbance, with the total mean concentrations increasing from 18.65-39.05 to 37.95-297.94 μg m-3 and those of peak concentrations increasing from 28.46-58.97 to 88.38-839.13 μg m-3. This increase in VOC concentrations during soil disturbance leads to an enhanced heath risk for on-site workers. The distinctive difference between the mean and peak concentrations of VOCs indicates the importance of using mean and peak concentrations, respectively, for risk and olfactory evaluation due to the rapid response of the human nose to odours. As a result, the cumulative noncarcinogenic risk at the relatively high pollutant plot was higher than the occupational safety limit, while the total carcinogenic risks at all monitored scenarios exceeded the acceptable limit. Among the VOCs investigated, DCM and trichloroethylene (TCE) were determined to be crucial pollutants for both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of VOCs. With regard to olfactory effects, organic sulphides, including dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), dimethyl sulphide (DMS), and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS) were identified as dominant odour contributors (78.28-92.11%) during soil disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitao Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuojian Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yu
- China State Science Dingshi Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- China State Science Dingshi Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinian Shu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangqi Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
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Tian H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yue P. A novel integrated industrial-scale biological reactor for odor control in a sewage sludge composting facility: Performance, pollutant transformation, and bioaerosol emission mechanism. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 164:9-19. [PMID: 37185067 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to remove multiple pollutants in the sewage sludge (SS) composting facility, a novel integrated industrial-scale biological reactor based on biological trickling filtration and fungal biological filtration (BTF-FBF) was developed. This study examined bioaerosol emission, odour removal, pollutant transformation mechanism, and project investment. At an inlet flow rate of 7200 m3/h, the average removal efficiencies of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the steady stage were 97.2 %, 98.9 %, and 92.2 %. The BTF-FBF separates microbial phases (bacteria and fungi) of different modules. BTF removed most hydrophilic compounds, while FBF removed hydrophobic ones. Moreover, the reactor could effectively remove pathogens or opportunistic pathogens bioaerosols, such as Escherichia coli (61.9%), Salmonella sp. (85%), and Aspergillus fumigatus (82.1%). The pollutant transformation mechanism of BTF-FBF was proposed. BTF-FBF annualized costs were 324,783 CNY/year at 15 years. In conclusion, BTF-FBF provides new insights into composting facility bioaerosol, odour, and pathogen emission control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Peng Yue
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
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Lin X, Ma C, Wu D. New insight into the enhanced ozonation of malodorous compounds by Cu(II): Inhibiting the formation of free radicals to promote ozone utilization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130190. [PMID: 36265383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal-enhanced ozonation can greatly improve the decay of organic matter; however, whether this method benefits the decay of malodorous compounds or not and the possible mechanism are not well understood. In this study, nine typical malodorous compounds were selected to reveal that Cu(II)-enhanced ozonation can greatly promote the decay of fatty amines because of the direct ozone oxidation, which was enhanced to promote ozone utilization. Moreover, trace Cu(II) can amplify the observed rate constants of dimethylamine and trimethylamine for 48.9% and 155.7%, respectively, and Cu(II) dosage was the determining factor using response surface methodology to investigate the interactions between initial pH, Cu(II) dosage and ozone dosage. These results demonstrated that the formation of •OH and O2•- was inhibited rather than promoted, which was quite different from some previously reported Cu(II)-enhanced ozonation counterparts. Moreover, the enhanced effect of trace Cu(II) was exhibited in both single and complex malodorous compounds. The conversion pathway of nitrogen and sulfur elements was clarified, with the targeted mineralization of nitrogen of nitrogen-containing malodorous compounds into NO3-N and the odor characteristics of sulfur-containing malodorous compounds disappeared. These findings provided new insight for utilizing metal ions to enhance the direct ozone oxidation capacity of malodorous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Canming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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5
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Chang H, Zhao Y, Li X, Damgaard A, Christensen TH. Review of inventory data for the biological treatment of sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:66-74. [PMID: 36442328 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological treatment of municipal sewage sludge, including anaerobic digestion and composting, was reviewed with the purpose of establishing inventory data to address all the inputs and outputs related to sludge treatment. We identified 193 scientific papers, resulting in 64 datasets on anaerobic digestion and 35 datasets on composting. For anaerobic digestion, biogas production varied significantly (up to a factor of four) depending on the sludge. A useful correlation was identified between the amount of methane produced and the degradation of volatile solids. According to statistical tests, no significant differences were found in biogas production for mesophilic and thermophilic digesters. In addition, methane content varied significantly, and very few data were available for digestate composition or for energy consumption and recovery. For composting, accurate estimates relating to the degradation of sewage sludge could not be made, since organic bulking materials were part of the final composted product. Data on emissions to air are currently scarce, which points to the need for more published information. The inventory data evaluated herein are useful in the feasibility assessment of the biological treatment of sewage sludge, for comparing technologies, for example in LCA studies and as a basis for evaluating the performance of a specific biological sludge treatment plant. However, a great deal of the reviewed data originated from laboratory and pilot-scale studies, and so there is a need for more complete datasets on the performance of full-scale technologies, in order to establish full inventories and identify differences in technologies and operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Anders Damgaard
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Christensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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Raclavská H, Růžičková J, Raclavský K, Juchelková D, Kucbel M, Švédová B, Slamová K, Kacprzak M. Effect of biochar addition on the improvement of the quality parameters of compost used for land reclamation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8563-8581. [PMID: 34716551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 5% addition of biochar in composting in rows contributes significantly to reducing volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. When composting with the addition of biochar, the average temperature increased by 13 ± 6.7 °C during the whole period, and the thermophilic phase was extended by 11 days. The higher temperature supported a reduction in the time necessary for achieving the biological stability observed by the oxygen uptake rate by more than 10 days. For organic compounds formed by the degradation of easily degradable primary components (proteins), the addition of biochar significantly reduces the release of organic compounds with heterocyclically bound nitrogen (Norg-VOCs) and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). The end of the biodegradation process is indicated by a decrease in VOC concentrations below initial values in the input material. This state was achieved in the compost with added biochar after 47 days, while in compost without added biochar, it lasted 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Raclavská
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Růžičková
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantin Raclavský
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kucbel
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Švédová
- Centre ENET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Slamová
- Institute of Foreign Languages, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Małgorzata Kacprzak
- Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, J.H. Dąbrowskiego 69, 42-201, Czestochowa, Poland
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Gao W, Yang X, Zhu X, Zhao S, Yu J, Wang D, Yang M. The variation of odor characteristics of wastewater sludge treated by advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) and the contribution pattern of key odorants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156722. [PMID: 35714751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the odor characteristics of wastewater sludge is important in the evaluation of sludge quality and disposal options considering that sludge odor nuisance may cause major environmental issues. In this study, raw sludge and sludge cake were collected from five WWTPs applied advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) sludge treatment process to clarify the variation of odor characteristics using sensory analysis and instrumental analysis. The electronic nose, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were used to profile and identify the chemical composition of key odorants. A total of 20 odorants were identified and quantified, including 6 groups of chemicals, among which volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), indole, 3-methylindole and geosmin were identified as key odorants. The odor of the dewatered digested sludge was improved by means of changing the odor character from fecal/sulfide to earthy odor due to the reduction in VSCs concentration. The AAD and subsequent dewatering process resulted in effective removal of VSCs, which are important constituents that impact the sludge odor characteristics through synergistic effect on fecal odorants and masking effect on earthy odorants. Moreover, due to the variation of sludge quality after AAD treatment, the emission capacity of indole, 3-methylindole, and other volatiles increased, which could not be neglected for the formation of unique sludge odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China.
| | - Xinmeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Yiwu 322000, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Environment Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Haider KM, Lafouge F, Carpentier Y, Houot S, Petitprez D, Loubet B, Focsa C, Ciuraru R. Chemical identification and quantification of volatile organic compounds emitted by sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155948. [PMID: 35588801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of organic waste products (e.g. sewage sludge, SS) is currently being promoted as a substitute for mineral fertilizers for agricultural lands. The spreading of SS allows the recycling of the nutrients and organic matter it contains. SS contains various pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that adversely affect the ecosystem and human health through ozone production and serve as critical precursors of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols. There are very few studies quantifying the gaseous compounds emitted from SS, and those studies primarily address their odorant properties for identifying suitable odour abatement techniques. There is an urgent need for more comprehensive quantitative information on VOCs emitted from SS as aerosol precursors. In this context, an experimental study was performed on SS samples taken from a wastewater treatment plant located in France. Undigested SS (UDSS), digested SS (DSS) and SS with 30% and 60% dryness were collected from different stages of treatment sequence and analyzed using atmospheric simulation chambers coupled to proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole ion-guide time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Our study revealed that SS samples emitted a large spectrum of VOCs. 380 compounds were detected, quantified and classified into different chemical groups. The VOC emissions increased with the increase in the dryness of the sample; the highest being in SS 60%, followed by SS 30%, UDSS and DSS. OVOCs were dominant in SS 60%. The statistical analysis showed that the anaerobic digestion and the dewatering to 60% of dryness decreased the emissions of sulphuric compounds. Aromatic compounds and indoles (e.g. skatole) were emitted significantly from the UDSS. Some of these VOCs can serve as precursor gases for atmospheric aerosol formation. The experimental dataset obtained in this study provides an accurate inventory reference for the VOC emissions from SS samples and shows the impacts of the treatment on emission characteristics of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Haider
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France; INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France
| | - F Lafouge
- INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France
| | - Y Carpentier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
| | - S Houot
- INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France
| | - D Petitprez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 - PC2A - PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Lille F-59000, France
| | - B Loubet
- INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France
| | - C Focsa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
| | - R Ciuraru
- INRAe, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiveral-Grignon, France.
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Evaluation of the Use of Sewage Sludge Biochar as a Soil Amendment—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, minimization and recycling/reuse policies were introduced to reduce the quantities of generated waste and for alternative waste recovery. Organic wastes represent 46% of total global solid waste. Possible uses of organic wastes include using it as fertilizer and amendment for soil, for energy recovery and for the production of chemical substances. Sewage sludge disposal and reuse are identified as future problems concerning waste. The total amount of sludge generated in the entire world has increased dramatically, and this tendency is expected to increase significantly in the years to come. In most developed countries, special attention is given to sewage sludge treatment in order to improve the quality and safety of using it on the ground surface. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is considered an acceptable method, from an economic and ecological perspective, for the beneficial reuse of sewage sludge. This method has many advantages because, during the pyrolysis process, the sludge volume is reduced by 80%, pathogenic agents and hazardous compounds from sewage sludge are eliminated, metals are immobilized in solid residue and organic and inorganic fractions are immobilized in a stabilized form of pyrolytic residues (biochar). The biochar generated by sewage sludge pyrolysis does not contain pathogenic agents and is rich in carbon and nutrients.
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Types and Distribution of Organic Amines in Organic Nitrogen Deposition in Strategic Water Sources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074151. [PMID: 35409834 PMCID: PMC8998195 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) is an important part of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, but the content and distribution of components other than urea and amino acids are the blind area of current research. The deposition of organic amines (OA) in strategic water sources poses a great public health risk to unspecified populations. In order to further reveal the composition of about 50% soluble organic nitrogen, besides urea and amino acids, five functional sampling points (such as industrial area, agricultural area, urban area, tourism area and forest area) were set in the reservoir area to detect dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and OA components. The results show that the total nitrogen concentration was 6.42–10.82 mg/m3 and the DON concentration was 2.77–4.99 mg/m3. Ten kinds of OA were detected: dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine (DEA), propylamine (PA), butylamine (BA), pyrrolidine (PYR), dibutylamine (DBA), N-methylaniline (NMA), 2-ethylaniline (2-ELA), benzylamine (BMA), and 4-ethylaniline (4-ELA). The average concentrations were 7.64, 26.35, 14.51, 14.10, 18.55, 7.92, 10.56, 12.84, 13.46 and 21.00 ng/m3, respectively. The total concentration of ten OA accounted for 2.28–9.81% of DON in the current month, of which the content of DEA was the highest, reaching 0.71%, the content of 4-ELA, PYR, PA and BA was 0.4–0.56%, and the content of DMA, DBA and NMA was 0.2–0.36%. The sources of OA in the reservoir area have significant seasonal differences. The content is the highest in spring, followed by autumn, and lower in summer and winter. The rainfall in spring and autumn is small, the source of road dust is relatively high, and the rainfall in summer is large. After the particles in the air are washed by rain, the concentration of OA in the sample is the lowest. On account of spring and autumn being the time of frequent agricultural activities, the concentration of OA is significantly higher than that in winter and summer.
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Ma J, Chen Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Li L. Diffusion simulation, health risks, ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential of gaseous pollutants from rural comprehensive waste treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131857. [PMID: 34392199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive waste treatment plants (CWTPs) are significant sources of gaseous pollutants such as odors, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), polluting the environment and endangering human health. This study conducted on-site investigations on gaseous pollutants emissions from different areas of a CWTP. A total of 10 pollutants were identified of which ammonia (11.32 mg/m³ in average) was the main odorous substance, and benzene (19.51 mg/m³ in average) and toluene (42.07 mg/m³ in average) were the main VOCs. The feeding workshop (FW) was considered the main source of gaseous pollutants. The Gaussian plume model demonstrated that the pollution became more serious after spreading in the southeast downwind direction. Occupational exposure risks of on-site workers were mainly attributed to hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, benzene, and toluene, as their hazard index (HI) and lifetime cancer risk (CR) exceeded the recommended occupational safety limits. The gaseous pollutants diffused from CWTP may still pose a potential health risk to residents within a range of up to 7.5 km. The emulation and quantification of ozone formation potential by methods of Propyl-Equiv and MIR demonstrated that the contribution rate of toluene presented in each stage of CWTP exceed 80 %. Toluene was also the largest contributor to secondary organic aerosol with the contribution rate reached 56.34-85.14 %, followed by benzene (14.72-38.52 %). This research provides a basis for the reduction and control of gaseous pollutants in the treatment and disposal of rural domestic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Zexiang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, PR China.
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12
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Guo Y, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Zhou T, Lan B, Song L. Simultaneous annihilation of microorganisms and volatile organic compounds from municipal solid waste storage rooms with slightly acidic electrolyzed water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113414. [PMID: 34351303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Great deal pathogenic bacteria and malodorous gases are hidden in municipal solid waste (MSW), which poses excellent environmental sanitation risks for sanitation workers and residents, and preventive measures should be implemented. In this study, the simultaneous annihilation of microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) was investigated in an MSW storage room of a residential community in Shanghai, China. The microbial population of airborne, surfaces and handles of waste bins, hands of sanitation workers and the main components of VOCs were measured. The results indicated that the bacterial reduction efficiencies of SAEW with an available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 50-100 mg/L on surfaces and handles of waste bins and sanitation workers' hands were 22.7%-84.1%. Also, SAEW effectively reduced the average population of airborne bacteria and fungi by 358 and 378 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 and decreased the detection rates of coliforms by 14.2%-51.9%. The concentrations of most VOCs were reduced by 21.4%-88.3% after spraying SAEW. And the accumulated values of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks also tended to decrease with spraying SAEW. These findings imply that SAEW has significant application potential to control environmental sanitation risks in MSW storage rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Zihan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Bin Lan
- Bidolon Environmental Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 289 Fuxi Rd. (No. 8), Shanghai, 201508, PR China.
| | - Lijie Song
- Shanghai Environmental Engineering Design Research Institute, 345 Shilong Rd. (No. 11), Shanghai, 200232, PR China.
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13
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Liu J, Sun J, Lu C, Kang X, Liu X, Yue P. Performance and substance transformation of low-pH and neutral-pH biofilters treating complex gases containing hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, acetic acid, and toluene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30058-30069. [PMID: 33580856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two biofilters with low pH and neutral pH were operated on pilot scale for the treatment of complex gases containing hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, acetic acid, and toluene during 205 days. Under the coexistence of complex gases, the low-pH biofilter (LPB) had higher removal efficiency (RE) for hydrogen sulfide and toluene, and the maximum efficiencies were 99.24% and 99.90% respectively, while the neutral-pH biofilter (NPB) had higher REs of ammonia and acetic acid, up to 99.90% and 99.92% respectively. Higher pressure drop up to 622 Pa was achieved in the LPB, most likely caused by the special structure of fungi different from bacteria. Determination of the concentration of carbon-based intermediates revealed the dominant microbial removal of acetic acid and clarified the relationship between the generation of intermediate and the performance of biofilters. Respective amount of CO2 in the inlet and outlet showed that the mineralization capacity of the NPB was higher than that of the LPB, and it was more influenced by empty bed residence time (EBRT). The proportion of different forms of nitrogen and sulfur in the filler indicated that the removal of ammonia in the LPB mainly depended on the adsorption by moisture, while that in the NPB was microbial degradation, which was also the main removal pathway of sulfur regardless of pH condition. The removal and transformation of different substances in coexisting complex gases showed different characteristics in the LPB and NPB respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Liu
- Beijing Research Center of Sustainable Urban Drainage System and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Jianbin Sun
- Beijing Research Center of Sustainable Urban Drainage System and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Beijing Research Center of Sustainable Urban Drainage System and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xinyue Kang
- Beijing Research Center of Sustainable Urban Drainage System and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xueli Liu
- Beijing Research Center of Sustainable Urban Drainage System and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Peng Yue
- Beijing Research Center of Sustainable Urban Drainage System and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
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14
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Limitations of GC-QTOF-MS Technique in Identification of Odorous Compounds from Wastewater: The Application of GC-IMS as Supplement for Odor Profiling. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Odorous emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) cause negative impacts on the surrounding areas and possible health risks on nearby residents. However, the efficient and reliable identification of WWTPs’ odorants is still challenging. In this study, odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from domestic wastewater at different processing units were profiled and identified using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS). The GC-QTOF-MS results confirmed the odor contribution of sulfur organic compounds in wastewater before primary sedimentation and ruled out the significance of most of the hydrocarbons in wastewater odor. The problems in odorous compounds analysis using GC-QTOF-MS were discussed. GC-IMS was developed for visualized analysis on composition characteristics of odorants. Varied volatile compounds were detected by GC-IMS, mainly oxygen-containing VOCs including alcohols, fatty acids, aldehydes and ketones with low odor threshold values. The fingerprint plot of IMS spectra showed the variation in VOCs’ composition, indicating the changes of wastewater quality during treatment process. The GC-IMS technique may provide an efficient profiling method for the changes of inlet water and performance of treatment process at WWTPs.
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15
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Brisolara KB, Gentile B, Puszykowski K, Bourgeois J. Residuals, sludge, and biosolids: Advancements in the field. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1541-1551. [PMID: 32668078 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the field of residuals, sludge, and biosolids have been made in 2019. This review outlines the major contributions of researchers that have been published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings throughout 2019 and includes brief summaries from over 125 articles. The review is organized in sections including life cycle and risk assessments; characteristics, quality, and measurement including micropollutants, nanoparticles, pathogens, and metals; sludge treatment technologies including dewatering, digestion, composting, and wetlands; disposal and reuse including adsorbents, land application and agricultural uses, nutrient recovery, and innovative uses; odor and air emissions; and energy issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari B Brisolara
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bailey Gentile
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kate Puszykowski
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John Bourgeois
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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16
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Mei J, Shen X, Gang L, Xu H, Wu F, Sheng L. A novel lignin degradation bacteria-Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SL-7 used to degrade straw lignin efficiently. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123445. [PMID: 32361649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using tobacco straw (Ts) and lignin as the sole carbon source, a strain was isolated from Ts and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SL-7 by 16S rDNA gene-sequencing technology.7-day incubation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SL-7 can reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 69.35% in lignin mineral salt medium. The activity of Manganese peroxidase (MnP) reached maximum level 258.57 U L-1, and Lignin peroxidase (Lip) was 422.68 U L-1 at 4th day. The highest Laccase (Lac) activity (55.95 U L-1) was observed at 3th day. After straw-liquid fermentation degradation of 15 days, the bacterial could degrade 28.55% lignin of the straw which was close to that of fungi. Compared with the control group and effective microorganisms (EM) group, the lignin degradation rate in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SL-7 group increased by 22.26% and 11.70% at 41-day compost fermentation of tobacco straw. These show the strain has strong lignin degradation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Mei
- Engineering Research Centre of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention Control of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Fuyang 236037, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Shen
- Engineering Research Centre of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention Control of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Fuyang 236037, PR China
| | - Liping Gang
- Engineering Research Centre of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention Control of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Fuyang 236037, PR China
| | - Huajie Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention Control of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Fuyang 236037, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, PR China
| | - Fufang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention Control of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Fuyang 236037, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, PR China
| | - Liangquan Sheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention Control of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Fuyang 236037, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, PR China.
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17
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He P, Du W, Xu X, Zhang H, Shao L, Lü F. Effect of biochemical composition on odor emission potential of biowaste during aerobic biodegradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138285. [PMID: 32325311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the individual effect of biochemical composition on odor emission potential of biowaste during aerobic biodegradation. Three kinds of typical mixed wastes, including vegetable-fruit waste, garden waste, and protein-rich waste, were tested for emission quantity of seven common odorous families within 21 days of biodegradation under aerobic conditions. The cumulative odor yields (COY) were as follows: protein-rich waste (2408 μg g-1 DM) > vegetable-fruit waste (1169 μg g-1 DM) > garden waste (62 μg g-1 DM), and their cumulative odor intensity were 16,701, 1888, and 212 g-1 DM, respectively. The odor emission of vegetable-fruit waste mainly occurred in the first 3 days, accounting for 91.7% COY, and the predominant contributor to odor intensity (PCOI) were terpenes and sulfur compounds. With regard to garden waste, the odor emission rate was the highest on day 1 (22.4 μg g-1 DM d-1) and then rapidly decreased, and the PCOI were aldehydes. The odor emission rate of protein-rich waste increased gradually in the initial stage and reached the peak value on day 10 (661.9 μg g-1 DM d-1), and its PCOI were sulfur compounds. This study revealed for the first time the relationship between the odor emission potential of biowaste and its characteristic of biochemical composition, then proposed potential application for odor pollution control during aerobic composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shao
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Yan D, Mo S, Sun Y, Ren Q, Feng Z, Chen P, Wu J, Fu M, Ye D. Morphology-activity correlation of electrospun CeO 2 for toluene catalytic combustion. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125860. [PMID: 32069710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, CeO2 catalysts with nanotube, nanobelt, and wire-in-nanotube morphologies were successfully fabricated by a facile single spinneret electrospinning technique. And catalytic activity of these electrospun CeO2 nanomaterials were evaluated by toluene catalytic combustion reaction. Among the three morphologies of CeO2 catalysts, CeO2 nanobelt (CeO2-NB) presented the best toluene catalytic combustion performance (T90% = 230 °C) at WHSV = 60,000 mL g-1 h-1, also exhibited the lowest activation energy (Ea = 80.2 kJ/mol). Based on the characterization by TEM, XRD, BET, SEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, H2-TPR, and O2-TPD results, the high catalytic activity of CeO2-NB catalyst was attributed to its porous nanobelt morphology with larger specific surface area and the abundance of surface oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the CeO2-NB catalysts presented an excellent durability by longtime on-stream test (as well as presence of 5% vol. water vapor), suggesting its great potential for practical air pollution control application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shengpeng Mo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhai Sun
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Quanming Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhentao Feng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junliang Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingli Fu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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19
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Halocarbon Emissions from Hazardous Waste Landfills: Analysis of Sources and Risks. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Landfills are sources of fugitive volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions, including halocarbons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of halogenated VOCs to the health risks associated with the exposure of workers operating in landfills, gathering information on the role of endogenous/exogenous sources present in anthropized areas. A hazardous waste landfill located in Turin, Italy was used as a case study. Ambient concentrations of 10 pollutants (BTEX, styrene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and 1,2-dichloropropane), measured in 10 points of the landfill area, were considered and analyzed. The data had a monthly frequency and covered two years. A cumulative health risk analysis was conducted by applying a Monte-Carlo method. The results showed that the contribution of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloropropane was 17.9% and 19.4% for the total risk and hazard index respectively. Benzene and ethylbenzene gave the highest contribution to the total risk (56.8% and 24.8%, respectively). In the second phase of the study, waste typologies that are possibly responsible for halocarbon emissions were investigated. Halocarbon concentration trends and waste disposal records were compared. Although further investigation is needed, some waste typologies were not excluded to contribute to halocarbon emissions, in particular sludge coming from wastewater treatment plants.
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20
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Xu A, Chang H, Zhao Y, Tan H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lu W, Wang H. Dispersion simulation of odorous compounds from waste collection vehicles: Mobile point source simulation with ModOdor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135109. [PMID: 32000344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Odour pollution from municipal solid waste is a public nuisance and a threat to the health of residents nearby. Attention and understanding towards odour emissions from waste collection vehicles are insufficient, and dispersion simulation using conventional modelling tools cannot be applied because their special operational characteristics do not conform to either point or linear sources. This study proposes a new dispersion simulation method for mobile point sources with ModOdor, which is a 3D numerical model previously developed by the authors. The 12-month monitoring data show that ethanol, dimethyl disulphide and methylene chloride were identified as typical odorous compounds released from waste collection vehicles. Ethanol dispersion was simulated as a mobile point source for low- and high-speed modes by synchronously changing temporal and spatial grids in high precision. Results revealed the variations in concentration distribution, dispersion distance and impact duration. In general, a diameter of area with odour activity value higher than 0.1 was identified at approximately 30-50 m after stable dispersion. The impact duration varied from approximately 20 s to 40 s along with the tested source intensities, wind directions and speeds with a benchmark of 10 μg·m-3. This study verified the applicability of the proposed method for the dispersion simulation of mobile point sources and provided useful approach and information for evaluating the odour pollution from waste collection vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankun Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Huimin Chang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Haobo Tan
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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21
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Shi X, Zheng G, Shao Z, Gao D. Effect of source-classified and mixed collection from residential household waste bins on the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135478. [PMID: 31753499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of domestic waste classification following the principles of reduction, recycling, and harmlessness is an effective method to improve the urban and rural environments and to promote resource recycling. However, in many developing countries, the community residents lack awareness of the benefits of classified collection, which leads to a lack of initiative to classify MSW. To make the people realize the importance of MSW classification and increase the classification dynamics, Suzhou, China was taken as an example in this study, and residential areas were selected as sampling sites for classified and mixed collection of domestic waste. The main components of the odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the dustbins via different disposal modes were determined by sampling in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In addition, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and human health risk assessment of the VOCs were analyzed. Halogenated compounds were the major pollutants from the household waste dustbins of the residential areas. However, aromatic compounds contributed the most to the OFP of the VOCs. The OFP of VOCs reached the highest peak in summer, which was 1.02 × 103 μg/m3. Furthermore, more attention needs to be paid in classifying waste to reduce the concentration of OFP. Although there was a carcinogenic risk in spring and summer, it declined after waste classification. Compared with mixed collection, the source-classified collection of garbage had advantages in terms of controlling the emission of VOCs, ozone formation potential, and human health risk. These results could provide the evidence demonstrating the advantages of waste classification and attract people's attention. Furthermore, the results can also provide impetus to those countries, where separate collection of waste has not yet been implemented, to improve the enthusiasm for classification and the integrity of waste classification system. Residents should be encouraged to classify household waste in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shi
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhuze Shao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ding Gao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Zang T, Yan B, Wei C. Distribution Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds and Contribution to Ozone Formation in a Coking Wastewater Treatment Plant. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020553. [PMID: 31952237 PMCID: PMC7013769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ozone pollution, which can be caused by photochemical reactions, has become a serious problem. The ozone formation potential (OFP) is used to describe the photochemical reactivity. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are main precursors of ozone formation, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important sources of VOCs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the concentration level and OFP of VOCs from WWTPs. In this work, a coking WWTP with anaerobic-oxic-oxic (A/O/O) processes in Shaoguan city, Guangdong province, China, was selected to investigate the characteristics of VOCs at wastewater treatment areas and office areas. The OFP of VOCs was estimated by the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) coefficient method. Results showed that 17 VOCs were detected, and the total concentration of VOCs was the highest at the raw water tank (857.86 μg m-3). The benzene series accounted for 69.0%-86.9% and was the main component of VOCs in the WWTP. Based on OFP data, the top six VOCs contributing most to the OFP were m-xylene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, and benzene. This study provides field data and information on the environmental risk of VOCs for coking companies and environmental departments. We found that the priority control sources of VOCs were wastewater treatment units because of their larger OFP contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (T.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (T.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Yan
- The Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510031, China;
| | - Chaohai Wei
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-39380588
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Conti C, Guarino M, Bacenetti J. Measurements techniques and models to assess odor annoyance: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105261. [PMID: 31704563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Odors have received increasing attention among atmospheric pollutants. Indeed, odor emissions are a common source of complaints, affecting the quality of life of humans and animals. The odor is a property of a mixture of different volatile chemical species (sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds) capable of stimulating the olfaction sense sufficiently to trigger a sensation of odor. The impact of odors on the surrounding areas depends on different factors, such as the amount of odors emitted from the site, the distance from the site, weather conditions, topography, other than odors sensitivity and tolerance of the neighborhood. Due to the complexity of the odor issue, the aim of this review was to give an overview of: (i) techniques (sensorial and analytical) that can be used to determine a quantitative and qualitative characterization; (ii) air dispersion models applied for the evaluation of the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric pollutants in terms of concentration in air and/or deposition in the studied domain; (iii) major sources of odor nuisance (waste and livestock); (iv) mitigation actions against odor impact. Among sensorial techniques dynamic olfactometry, field inspection, and recording from residents were considered; whereas, for analytical methodologies: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, identification of specific compounds, and electronic nose. Both kinds of techniques evaluate the odor concentration. Instead, to account for the effective impact of odors on the population, air dispersion models are used. They can provide estimates of odor levels in both current and future emission scenarios. Moreover, they can be useful to estimate the efficiency of mitigation strategies. Most of the odor control strategies involve measures oriented to prevent, control dispersion, minimize the nuisance or remove the odorants from emissions, such as adequate process design, buffer zones, odor covers, and treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Conti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Guarino
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bacenetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Ma C, Hu B, Wei MB, Zhao JH, Zhang HZ. Influence of matured compost inoculation on sewage sludge composting: Enzyme activity, bacterial and fungal community succession. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122165. [PMID: 31561154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of matured compost inoculation during sewage sludge with sawdust composting was assessed. Mature compost reduced the heating rate, thermophilic phase, peak temperature, and volatile solid degradation rate, with no significant effect on pH and germination index. Matured compost addition also increased the cellulase, peroxidase, arylsulfatase, and urease contents during the mesophilic phase, and increased the urease content but decreased the cellulase, peroxidase, protease, and arylsulfatase contents during the cooling phase, with no significant effect on enzyme activities at the thermophilic phase. Matured compost increased the diversity of bacteria during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, but reduced the fungal diversity throughout composting. Matured compost significantly improved uniformity of the bacterial community and affected the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities, while changing the correlation between some functional microorganisms and enzyme activities. These results provide guidance for optimizing the composting process when matured compost as bulking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Bao Wei
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Zhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.
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Gallego E, Folch J, Teixidor P, Roca FJ, Perales JF. Outdoor air monitoring: Performance evaluation of a gas sensor to assess episodic nuisance/odorous events using active multi-sorbent bed tube sampling coupled to TD-GC/MS analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133752. [PMID: 31401501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the performance of a commercially available metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor (TGS 2602, Figaro Engineering Inc.) for activating a monitoring system when a nuisance/odorous pollution episode of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occur, a widely used active sampling methodology based on multi-sorbent bed tubes (Carbotrap, Carbopack X and Carboxen 569) and analysis through automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used. Daily 24 h samples of multi-sorbent bed tubes were taken over a period of 14 days using an air collector pump sampler specially designed in the LCMA-UPC laboratory. Simultaneously, daily episodic samples were taken according to the activation of another LCMA-UPC sampler by the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor. Sampling was done throughout January-February 2019 at El Morell (Tarragona, Spain), near the petrochemical area. All episode samples present higher concentrations of VOCs than 24 h samples, with an average ratio of 3.5 times for Total VOCs. VOC familial distributions present very similar values in 24 h and episode samples (r2 = 0.7466), correlating significatively (F-Snedecor, p < 0.05). A higher level of VOCs in the atmosphere in general, not derived from a specific compound or a VOC/s family/ies, seems to be the trigger of the activation of the sampler by the sensor. On the other hand, no significant correlations are observed between alcohols concentrations and relative humidity (F-Snedecor, p < 0.05). Additionally, Total VOCs concentrations in episode samples are in agreement with higher percentages of NE-SSE wind directions, coming from the petrochemical complex. Hence, these aspects validate the use of the evaluated sensor for its application for the activation of samplers in air quality evaluations when episodic events occur, an interesting and innovative technique. Thus, this study is an important contribution to the understanding of the performance of gas sensors and proposes an expansion of their field of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gallego
- Laboratori del Centre de Medi Ambient, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (LCMA-UPC), Avda. Diagonal, 647, E 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaume Folch
- Laboratori del Centre de Medi Ambient, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (LCMA-UPC), Avda. Diagonal, 647, E 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Teixidor
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Lluís Solé Sabarís 1-3, E 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Roca
- Laboratori del Centre de Medi Ambient, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (LCMA-UPC), Avda. Diagonal, 647, E 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Francisco Perales
- Laboratori del Centre de Medi Ambient, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (LCMA-UPC), Avda. Diagonal, 647, E 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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