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Zou X, Gao M, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Guo H, Liu Y. Efficient nitrogen removal from ammonia rich wastewater using aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactor: Selection and enrichment of effective microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118573. [PMID: 38431070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobically digested sludge supernatant, characterized by its high ammonia and low biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (COD) content, has raised concerns when returned to mainstream treatment lines due to potential impacts on effluent quality. Addressing this, an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactor adopted nitritation/denitritation with external COD addition was utilized and achieved a considerable nitrogen treatment capacity of 4.2 kg N/m3/d, reaching over 90% removal efficiencies for both ammonia and total inorganic nitrogen. This study applied progressively increased nitrogen loading to select for a microbial community that exhibited high nitrogen oxidation and reduction rates, demonstrating peak rates of 0.5 g N/g VSS/d and 3 g N/g VSS/d, respectively. The enrichment of highly efficient microbial community was achieved along with the increased biomass density peaked at 17 g/L MLVSS, with the system retaining small-sized granular sludge at 0.5 mm. The primary ammonia oxidizing bacteria was Nitrosomonas, while Thauera was the dominated denitrifiers. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses reinforced the enhanced nitrogen removal capacity based on the progressively increased abundance of nitrogen cycling functional genes. The high nitrogen treatment capacity, synergistic attributes of high specific microbial activities and the substantial biomass retention, suggest the AGS's efficacy and capacity in ammonia rich wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiduo Yao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hengbo Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Yousefi Z, Babanezhad E, Hashempour Y, Mohammadpour RA, Mortezazadeh F. Performance evaluation of Anaerobic-Aerobic Hybrid Baffled Reactor Coupled with an Anaerobic Filter treating Landfill Leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28062-28076. [PMID: 38530522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) is an effective solution for landfill leachate treatment using an anaerobic fermentation process, which helps to reduce operating costs and sludge volume. To better understand the biological, chemical, and physical processes involved, especially when combining the ABR with an aerobic component, the study aimed to investigate the performance of an Anaerobic-Aerobic Hybrid Baffled Reactor (AABR) that includes an Anaerobic Filter (AF) for treating landfill leachate. This research utilized two glass reactors. The first reactor, designated as AABR-AF, consisted of six independent rectangular glass chambers arranged side by side. The third and sixth chamber designed for aerobic treatment and AF, respectively. The second reactor was used as a control reactor and did not include any aerobic chamber. The highest Removal Efficiencies (REs) for turbidity, COD, BOD, TP, TKN, nitrate, TOC, and TSS in the AABR-AF and ABR-AF were found to be (65.4% and 56.3%), (98.3% and 94.1%), (98.1% and 93.2%), (86.4% and 65%), (89.2% and 76.7%), (81.2% and 64.4%), (88.2% and 79.4%), and (72.4% and 68.5%), respectively. These optimal REs were achieved at an HRT of 48 h and an OLR of 10 kg/m3.d. Also, the highest and the lowest REs in Heavy Metals (HMs) were 89.57% for manganese in AABR-AF and 6.59% for nickel in ABR-AF, in an OLR of 10 kg/m3.d, respectively. The effective removal of Organic Matters (OMs) from landfill leachate using the AABR-AF and ABR-AF was found to be strongly influenced by HRT and OLR. The AABR-AF configuration, featuring a single aerobic chamber in the reactor, exhibited a higher efficiency in removing OMs compared to the ABR-AF configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabihollah Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babanezhad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yalda Hashempour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Ali Mohammadpour
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mortezazadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Bah A, Chen Z, Bah A, Qian Q, Tuan PD, Feng D. Systematic literature review of solar-powered landfill leachate sanitation: Challenges and research directions over the past decade. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116751. [PMID: 36435142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have documented the negative effects of refractory chemicals and emergent pollutants in landfill leachate (LL) that cannot be degraded using conventional methods. The propagation, invasion, and deleterious effects of several LL hazards affect aquatic species, the environment, and food outlets, causing significant safety issues. These include cancer risks, chronic exposure, and reproductive consequences. Alternatively, solar energy is a sustainable solution for treating landfill leachate to benefit humans and the environment. In this work, a thorough bibliometric and systematic analysis of studies that employed solar energy for landfill leachate remediation over the past decade was conducted in order to determine trends, and future research areas. In addition to the energy demand, the economic aspect and the advantages of using solar power to treat landfill leachate were discussed. Additionally, the study gives specific suggestions for future research purposes and important problems. The reviewed literature revealed that combining solar-based physical-chemical and biological processes has proven to be the most efficient method for landfill leachate degradation. It also appears from the bibliometric study that more collaboration and contribution are needed to develop solar-based landfill leachate treatment. This study concludes that solar-powered landfill leachate remediation techniques would considerably increase the effectiveness of treated leachate reutilization, advancing the cause of environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alseny Bah
- Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Zhenhui Chen
- Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Alhassane Bah
- School of Electrical Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qun Qian
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China
| | - Phan Dinh Tuan
- Research Institute of Sustainable Development, Hochiminh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hochiminh City, 70.000, Viet Nam
| | - Daolun Feng
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, PR China.
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Villamizar S, Maturana Cordoba A, Soto J. Leachate decontamination through biological processes coupled to advanced oxidation: A review. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:1341-1365. [PMID: 34569916 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1985012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The landfill leachate is considered a toxic effluent composed of recalcitrant contaminants that requires innovative alternatives for its decontamination. Coupling between advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and aerobic biological treatments are highlighted in this research. Therefore, a bibliographic review of the research made from 2010 to 2021 was developed. These combined alternatives were applied in leachates, and it is oriented toward the analysis of knowledge gaps, trends, and future proposals of the treatment combined that contribute to researchers who wish to work on the subject. These kinds of treatments were chosen due to a bibliometric analysis made. Also, the information was searched in several scientific database. This work was found to be unpublished, as no reviews were found so far that agglomerate studies of coupling between photocatalytic and aerobic biological processes to treat leachates. Besides, AOPs are ideal for treating wastewater of complex composition, however, when it is used as the only treatment, they are usually unprofitable, which justifies their coupling with biological treatments. Subsequently, it was determined that the knowledge main gap is the lack of documentation of treatment costs, which makes it difficult to implement on a real scale. In addition to this, the couplings trends are toward doping with metallic and nonmetallic ions of the catalyst used in the photocatalytic process to improve the efficiency of these. Finally, future research should work on finding alternatives that allow the optimization of the resources used in the combined systems and on promoting the recovery of existing products in the leachate.Implications: Leachates generate several environmental impacts due to their toxic composition. Even when coupling between heterogeneous photocatalysis and biologic treatment can solve them, issues like cost analysis and the scaling-up factor have not been developed, and futures researchers should work on that. Besides, the trend founded in almost all investigations was the catalyst doping with metals and nonmetals ions, particularly when they use TiO2 because it gives the possibility of improving efficiencies just with a structural variation. Finally, these treatment combinations require more analyses and comparison of their remotion over emerging pollutants and their performance with new designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Villamizar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Studies IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Aymer Maturana Cordoba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Studies IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Joseph Soto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Studies IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
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Zou X, Mohammed A, Gao M, Liu Y. Mature landfill leachate treatment using granular sludge-based reactor (GSR) via nitritation/denitritation: Process startup and optimization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157078. [PMID: 35787895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mature landfill leachate wastewater (LLW) was characterized by high ammonia, refractory chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metal contents, which limits the nitrogen removal in conventional activated sludge systems. Granular sludge is known to be more resistant to toxic compounds because of its dense structure and diverse microbial community. Here, granular sludge-based reactor (GSR) was applied with nitritation/denitritation (Nit/DNit) process for effective ammonia-rich mature LLW treatment at 20 °C. After a short startup period, the efficiencies of ammonia removal and total inorganic nitrogen removal stabilized at 99 % and 93 %, respectively, under a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. High ammonia oxidation rate (~ 0.64 g N/g VSS/d) was achieved, with ~93 % ammonia conversing to nitrite before being reduced to nitrogen gas. Microbial analysis results revealed that Nitrosomonas (ammonia oxidizing bacteria) and Thauera (denitrifiers) were the dominant bacteria with key functional genes involved in the Nit/DNit. With an increase in the LLW loading, increased ammonia oxidation rates and biomass retention were also observed. This study demonstrated that granular sludge-based technology is feasible for mature LLW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Abdul Mohammed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Wilk BK, Szopińska M, Sobaszek M, Pierpaoli M, Błaszczyk A, Luczkiewicz A, Fudala-Ksiazek S. Electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachate using boron-doped diamond anodes: pollution degradation rate, energy efficiency and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65625-65641. [PMID: 35501433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO), due to high efficiency and small carbon footprint, is regarded as an attractive option for on-site treatment of highly contaminated wastewater. This work shows the effectiveness of EO using three boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDs) in sustainable management of landfill leachate (LL). The effect of the applied current density (25-100 mA cm-2) and boron doping concentration (B/C ratio: 500 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 15,000 ppm) on the performance of EO was investigated. It was found that, of the electrodes used, the one most effective at COD, BOD20 and ammonia removal (97.1%, 98.8% and 62%, respectively) was the electrode with the lowest boron doping. Then, to better elucidate the ecological role of LLs, before and after EO, cultivation of faecal bacteria and microscopic analysis of total (prokaryotic) cell number, together with ecotoxicity assay (Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia salina) were combined for the two better-performing electrodes. The EO process was very effective at bacterial cell inactivation using each of the two anodes, even within 2 h of contact time. In a complex matrix of LLs, this is probably a combined effect of electrogenerated oxidants (hydroxyl radicals, active chlorine and sulphate radicals), which may penetrate into the bacterial cells and/or react with cellular components. The toxicity of EO-treated LLs proved to be lower than that of raw ones. Since toxicity drops with increased boron doping, it is believed that appropriate electrolysis parameters can diminish the toxicity effect without compromising the nutrient-removal and disinfection capability, although salinity of LLs and related multistep-oxidation pathways needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krystyna Wilk
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Sobaszek
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Aneta Luczkiewicz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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P S G da Silva VE, de S Rollemberg SL, da S E Santos SG, C V Silva TF, P Vilar VJ, B Dos Santos A. Landfill leachate biological treatment: perspective for the aerobic granular sludge technology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45150-45170. [PMID: 35486275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are high-strength complex mixtures containing dissolved organic matter, ammonia, heavy metals, and sulfur species, among others. The problem of leachate treatment has subsisted for some time, but an efficient and cost-effective universal solution capable of ensuring environmental resources protection has not been found. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been considered a promising technology for biological wastewater treatment in recent years. Granules' layered structure, with an aerobic outer layer and an anaerobic/anoxic core, enables the presence of diverse microbial populations without the need for support media, allowing simultaneous removal of different pollutants in a single unit. Besides, its strong and compact arrangement provides higher tolerance to toxic pollutants and the ability to withstand large load fluctuations. Furthermore, its good that settling properties allow high biomass retention and better sludge separation. Nevertheless, AGS-related research has focused on carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus removal, mainly from sanitary sewage. This review aims to summarize and analyze the main findings and problems reported in the literature regarding AGS application to landfill leachate treatment and identify the knowledge gaps for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente E P S G da Silva
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvio L de S Rollemberg
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sara G da S E Santos
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia F C V Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - André B Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Tejera J, Hermosilla D, Gascó A, Negro C, Blanco Á. Combining Coagulation and Electrocoagulation with UVA-LED Photo-Fenton to Improve the Efficiency and Reduce the Cost of Mature Landfill Leachate Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216425. [PMID: 34770834 PMCID: PMC8587920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the reduction of the treatment cost of mature landfill leachate (LL) by enhancing the coagulation pre-treatment before a UVA-LED photo-Fenton process. A more efficient advanced coagulation pretreatment was designed by combining conventional coagulation (CC) and electro-coagulation (EC). Regardless of the order in which the two coagulations were applied, the combination achieved more than 73% color removal, 80% COD removal, and 27% SUVA removal. However, the coagulation order had a great influence on both final pH and total dissolved iron, which were key parameters for the UVA-LED photo-Fenton post-treatment. CC (pH = 5; 2 g L-1 of FeCl36H2O) followed by EC (pH = 5; 10 mA cm-2) resulted in a pH of 6.4 and 100 mg L-1 of dissolved iron, whereas EC (pH = 4; 10 mA cm-2) followed by CC (pH = 6; 1 g L-1 FeCl36H2O) led to a final pH of 3.4 and 210 mg L-1 dissolved iron. This last combination was therefore considered better for the posterior photo-Fenton treatment. Results at the best cost-efficient [H2O2]:COD ratio of 1.063 showed a high treatment efficiency, namely the removal of 99% of the color, 89% of the COD, and 60% of the SUVA. Conductivity was reduced by 17%, and biodegradability increased to BOD5:COD = 0.40. With this proposed treatment, a final COD of only 453 mg O2 L-1 was obtained at a treatment cost of EUR 3.42 kg COD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tejera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
| | - Daphne Hermosilla
- Department of Forest and Environmental Engineering and Management, E.T.S.I. Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.H.); (A.G.)
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, EIFAB, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, 42005 Soria, Spain
| | - Antonio Gascó
- Department of Forest and Environmental Engineering and Management, E.T.S.I. Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Carlos Negro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ángeles Blanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
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Gomes AI, Souza-Chaves BM, Park M, Silva TFCV, Boaventura RAR, Vilar VJP. How does the pre-treatment of landfill leachate impact the performance of O 3 and O 3/UVC processes? CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130389. [PMID: 33845438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, O3 and O3/UVC processes were evaluated for the treatment of landfill leachate after biological nitrification/denitrification, coagulation, or their combinations. The O3-driven stage efficiency was assessed by the removal of color, organic matter (dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)), and biodegradability increase (Zahn-Wellens test). Also, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and size exclusion chromatography coupled with OC detector (SEC-OCD) analysis were carried out for each strategy. The bio-nitrified-leachate (LN) was not efficiently mineralized during the O3-driven processes since the high nitrites content consumed ozone rapidly. In turn, carbonate/bicarbonate ions impaired the oxidation of the bio-denitrified-leachate (LD), scavenging hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and inhibiting the O3 decomposition. For both bio-leachates, only O3/UVC significantly enhanced the effluent biodegradability (>70%), but COD legal compliance was not reached. EEM and SEC-OCD results revealed differences in the organic matter composition between the nitrified-coagulated-leachate (LNC) and denitrified-coagulated-leachate (LDC). Nonetheless, the amount of DOC and COD removed per gram of ozone was similar for both. Cost estimation indicates the O3-driven stage as the costliest among the treatment processes, while coagulation substantially reduced the cost of the following ozonation. Thus, the best treatment train strategy comprised LDC (with methanol addition for denitrification and coagulated with 300 mg Al3+/L, without pH adjustment), followed by O3/UVC (transferred ozone dose of 2.1 g O3/L and 12.2 kJUVC/L) and final biological oxidation, allowed legal compliance for direct discharge (for organic and nitrogen parameters) with an estimated cost of 8.9 €/m3 (O3/UVC stage counting for 6.9 €/m3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Gomes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Bianca M Souza-Chaves
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, USA
| | - Minkyu Park
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, USA
| | - Tânia F C V Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Zhang F, Peng Y, Wang Z, Jiang H, Ren S, Qiu J. New insights into co-treatment of mature landfill leachate with municipal sewage via integrated partial nitrification, Anammox and denitratation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125506. [PMID: 33765565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a low consumption and high efficiency process, Partial Nitrification-Anammox/denitratation (PNAD) was applied to co-treat mature landfill leachate with municipal sewage for 300 days. Specifically, ammonia (670.2 ± 63.7 mg N/L) contained in mature landfill leachate was firstly oxidized to nitrite (611.5 ± 28.1 mg N/L) in sequence batch reactor (SBRPN); meanwhile, organic matter in municipal sewage was partially removed in another reactor (SBROMR); finally, nitrite produced (611.5 ± 28.1 mg N/L) in SBRPN and ammonia (53.1 ± 6.4 mg N/L) residing in pretreated municipal sewage were simultaneously degraded through combined Anammox-denitratation process in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASBAD). A satisfactory effluent quality of 10.3 mg/L TN was obtained after long-term operation, with Anammox and denitrification contributing to 86.2% and 5.8% nitrogen removal efficiency, respectively. Mass balance confirmed 67.2% nitrate generated from Anammox could be reduced to nitrite and in-situ reused. Anammox bacteria genes and nitrate reductase/nitrite reductase ratio were highly detected, accelerating combined Anammox-denitratation. Further, Ca. Brocadia triumph among various Anammox bacteria groups, increasing from 1.2% (day 120) to 3.6% (day 280).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhai Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jingang Qiu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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11
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Yan C, Tian Y, Cheng Z, Wei Z, Zhang X, Quan X. Simultaneous Desalination and Removal of Recalcitrant Organics from Reverse Osmosis Leachate Concentrate by Electrochemical Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16049-16057. [PMID: 34179650 PMCID: PMC8223443 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate produced in the municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate treatment process is extremely hard to be treated because of its high color, high salt content, and high concentration of recalcitrant organic compounds. A new multichannel flow reactor with electrode gaps of 5 mm was designed to desalinate and remove organics simultaneously from the RO leachate concentrate (ROLC) by electrochemical oxidation process using the RuO2/IrO2-coated titanium plate (RuO2/IrO2-Ti) as the anodes. The effects of the process parameters of current density (I A), superficial circulating velocity (U L), etc. on the removal efficiency (RE) of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and average energy consumption () were investigated. The results illustrated that after 3 h of treatment, the RE of COD, Cl-, and color could reach as high as 96.5, 96.7, and 99.6%, respectively. Besides, the of the electrochemical oxidation treatment process is as low as 40.98 kWh/(kg COD), and a new mechanism of the simultaneous removal of COD and desalination has been proposed. This work provides an alternative technology for the treatment of MSW leachate RO concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yijuan Tian
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zejun Wei
- Chongqing
Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xuejun Quan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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12
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Van Duc L, Ito H, Hama T, Kim J, Kawagoshi Y. A novel reactor combining anammox and Fenton-like reactions for the simultaneous removal of organic carbon and nitrogen at different organic carbon to nitrogen ratios. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:110832. [PMID: 32778254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A Fenton-like reaction and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) were combined to construct a novel process named FenTaMox for removing nitrogen (N) and organic carbon (measured as chemical oxidation demand (COD)). Two columns were packed with iron-manganese-sepiolite, a catalyst that uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to catalyze Fenton-like reactions, and inoculated with marine anammox bacteria. During the start-up, marine anammox medium was fed into both columns to acclimate the marine anammox bacteria to iron-manganese-sepiolite. Batch experiments revealed that the marine anammox bacteria were not affected by 60 mgL-1 of H2O2. Next, medium containing glucose and H2O2 was fed into one column as the FenTaMox treatment, while medium containing glucose but no H2O2 was fed into the other column as the control. At a COD/N of 4, FenTaMox exhibited higher removal efficiencies of N and COD compared with that of the control, suggesting the application of FenTaMox for organic carbon- and N- removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Van Duc
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takehide Hama
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Jongsun Kim
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Yasunori Kawagoshi
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
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13
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Liu X, He Z. Decreased formation of disinfection by-products during electrochemical leachate oxidation and their post-removal by electro-adsorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139171. [PMID: 32388383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) is an effective treatment system to remove recalcitrant compounds in landfill leachate but harmful byproducts can be formed during the treatment. Herein, we have investigated the formation of total halogenated organics and the associated toxicity as a side effect of leachate treatment by the MER. Those byproducts are represented by the term "disinfection byproducts, or DBPs", because of the similar formation mechanisms. Several DBP groups were detected during the leachate treatment; however, the amount of DBP generated in the MER only accounted for 19.1 ± 4.5% of that in a membrane-less electrooxidation system (control). Likewise, the total toxicity value in the MER effluent was 26.6 × 10-3, only 15.1% of that in the control system. While trihalomethanes dominated mass concentration by 84.1% in the MER, haloacetonitriles contributed to majority of the additive toxicity due to their higher toxicity index. Increasing the initial leachate pH from 9.5 to 13 could increase the DBP concentration by 2.18 times because of less removal of humic acids. A high initial ammonia concentration of 6000 mg L-1 resulted in the increased DBP formation by 146.8%, compared to that with 2500 mg L-1, due to the increased formation of nitrogenous DBPs. A higher current density of 30 mA cm-2 doubled the DBP formation because of a faster reaction rate and a higher solution temperature. The extended treatment time caused trihalomethanes to continue forming DBP and degradation of most DBPs to some extent. With removing 67.5% of DBP mass concentration and 74.4% of the additive toxicity, the GAC-electrode system was shown more effective than GAC adsorption alone in remediating DBP from the MER effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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14
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Gomes AI, Soares TF, Silva TFCV, Boaventura RAR, Vilar VJP. Ozone-driven processes for mature urban landfill leachate treatment: Organic matter degradation, biodegradability enhancement and treatment costs for different reactors configuration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138083. [PMID: 32408431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the application of ozone-driven processes for the treatment of mature landfill leachate was investigated by testing different system setups. As a first approach, ozonation (O3-only) was tested, using a porous ceramic diffuser combined with a bubble column (BC), and the best operational conditions were established for leachate treatment (initial pH = 9.0; inlet ozone dose = 18 mg O3/min). Then, a novel photoreactor (FluHelik) was coupled in series with the bubble column, using a diffuser or a Venturi to inject ozone into the fluid stream. The FluHelik/BC-Venturi setup led to the highest efficiency, treating 50% more leachate than BC-alone using the same ozone dose and reaction time (3 h). Following, the oxidation ability of ozone combined with H2O2 and/or UVC for leachate treatment was assessed. The highest synergistic effect was obtained for the O3/UVC process, with pseudo-first-order rate constant for DOC and COD removal, 2.0 and 1.4 times higher than for the O3-only, respectively. Ozone-driven processes considerably enhanced the leachate biodegradability from 17% to 79% (O3/H2O2), 81% (O3-only), 85% (O3/H2O2/UVC) and 91% (O3/UVC), after a 3 h reaction period. With FluHelik/BC-Venturi system, the O3/UVC process stands out as the most efficient and cost-effective (6.0 €/m3), ensuring an effluent that meets discharge legal limit for COD (150 mg/L) after further biological oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Gomes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Thiago F Soares
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia F C V Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Talebi A, Razali YS, Ismail N, Rafatullah M, Azan Tajarudin H. Selective adsorption and recovery of volatile fatty acids from fermented landfill leachate by activated carbon process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:134533. [PMID: 31865088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An adsorption-desorption process was applied on fermented landfill leachate to adsorb and recover acetic and butyric acid, using activated carbon. In this study, the first, volatile fatty acids adsorption process from fermented leachate was optimized, by investigating various affecting factors such as pH, time, agitation speed, activated carbon dosage, and temperature. The optimum condition for maximum adsorption of 88.94% acetic acid and 98.53% butyric acid, was 19.79 %wt activated carbon dosage, 40.00 rpm of agitation speed, in 9.45 °C and contact time of 179.89 h, while the pH of the substrate was kept fixed at pH:3.0. Results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and zeta potential revealed that carbon is the dominant component in the adsorbent with a significant effect to remove organic impurities, and it was observed that the activated carbon after the adsorption process showed an amorphous structure peak with a large internal surface area and pore volume. The results exposed that the adsorption on the surface of activated carbon was due to the chemisorption, and the chemisorption mechanism was supported by covalent bonding. The kinetic study displayed excellent fit to Pseudo-second order kinetics model. The second phase of this study was to recover the adsorbed VFAs using multistage desorption unit, in which application of deionized water and ethanol (as desorption agents) resulted in 89.1% of acetic acid and 67.8% of the butyric acid recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Talebi
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Syafikah Razali
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Norli Ismail
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafatullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Husnul Azan Tajarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia; Solid Waste Management, Engineering Campus, Science Engineering Research Centre, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14000, Malaysia.
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16
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Cano V, Vich DV, Andrade HHB, Salinas DTP, Nolasco MA. Nitrification in multistage horizontal flow treatment wetlands for landfill leachate treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135376. [PMID: 31812428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges in landfill leachate treatment is removing organic matter (OM) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) at a low cost. To evaluate the feasibility of treatment wetlands for diluted (3:10) landfill leachate treatment with OM and NH4+-N oxidation, a lab-scale shallow subsurface horizontal flow system (HF wetland) comprised of two units operated in series was assessed as post-treatment of partial ammonia stripping system. A HF wetland planted with Heliconia psittacorum (HP) and an unplanted HF wetland (control) were supplemented with micronutrients and monitored under the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, and the plant presence on performance. With an HRT above 4 days, mean chemical oxygen demand removal for both HP and the control was less than 20%, without complete mineralization, probably due to the recalcitrance of OM. For NH4+-N, the mean global removal efficiencies with and without influent pH adjustment were, respectively, 74% and 54% for HP and 56% and 43% for the control, resulting in mean concentrations between 36 and 93 mg L-1. The NH4+-N removal was correlated with inorganic carbon consumption followed by NO3- production, which suggests that nitrification was the major route of removal. For both systems, nitrification was significantly higher in one of the units, when biodegradable OM was already consumed and competition between heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria for dissolved oxygen was likely minimized. By balancing the organic load and availability of dissolved oxygen within each unit in series, a reduced HRT necessary for NH4+-N oxidation was achieved, an essential aspect for the design of high performance constructed wetlands for full scale landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Cano
- University of São Paulo - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 013828-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele V Vich
- University of São Paulo - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 013828-000, Brazil
| | - Helisson H B Andrade
- University of São Paulo - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 013828-000, Brazil
| | - Delhi T P Salinas
- University of São Paulo - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 013828-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Nolasco
- University of São Paulo - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP 013828-000, Brazil.
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17
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Luo H, Zeng Y, Cheng Y, He D, Pan X. Recent advances in municipal landfill leachate: A review focusing on its characteristics, treatment, and toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135468. [PMID: 31753496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, sanitary landfilling is the most common approach to eliminate municipal solid waste, but a major drawback is the generation of heavily polluted leachates. These leachates must be appropriately treated before being discharged into the environment. Generally, the leachate characteristics such as COD, BOD/COD ratio, and landfill age are necessary determinants for selection of suitable treatment technologies. Rapid, sensitive and cost-effective bioassays are required to evaluate the toxicity of leachate before and after the treatment. This review summarizes extensive studies on leachate treatment methods and leachate toxicity assessment. It is found that individual biological or physical-chemical treatment is unable to meet strict effluent guidelines, whereas a combination of biological and physical-chemical treatments can achieve satisfactory removal efficiencies of both COD and ammonia nitrogen. In order to assess the toxic effects of leachate on different trophic organisms, we need to develop an appropriate matrix of bioassays based on their sensitivity to various toxicants and a multispecies approach using organisms representing different trophic levels. In this regard, a reduction in toxicity of the treated leachate will contribute to assessing the effectiveness of a specific remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yifeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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18
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Zhang F, Li X, Wang Z, Jiang H, Ren S, Peng Y. Simultaneous Ammonium oxidation denitrifying (SAD) in an innovative three-stage process for energy-efficient mature landfill leachate treatment with external sludge reduction. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115156. [PMID: 31669903 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-loaded ammonia and low-strength organics mature landfill leachate is not effectively treated by conventional biological processes. Herein, an innovative solution was proposed using a three-stage Simultaneous Ammonium oxidation Denitrifying (SAD) process. Firstly, ammonia (1760 ± 126 mg N/L) in wastewater was oxidized to nitrite in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor (PN-SBR). Next, 93% PN-SBR effluent and concentrated external waste activated sludge (WAS; MLSS = 23057 ± 6014 mg/L) were introduced to an anoxic reactor for integrated fermentation and denitrification (IFD-SBR). Finally, ammonia (101.4 ± 13.8 mg N/L) released by fermentation in the IFD-SBR and residual 7% nitrite in the PN-SBR were removed through the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in the SAD up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (SAD-UASB). In addition, NO3--N generation during the anammox process could be reduced to nitrite by partial denitrification (PD) and reused as substrate for anammox. A satisfactory total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency (98.3%), external sludge reduction rate (2.5 kg/m3 d) and effluent TN concentration (16.7 mg/L) were achieved after long-term operation (280 days). The IFD-SBR and SAD-UASB contributed to 81.9% and 12.3% nitrogen removal, respectively. Microbial analysis showed that anammox bacteria (1.5% Candidatus Brocadia) cooperated well with partial denitrifying bacteria (4.3% Thauera) in SAD-UASB, and average nitrogen removal contribution were 83.1% during significant stability of anammox and 9.2% during the denitrification process, respectively. The three-stage SAD process provides an environmental and economic approach for landfill leachate treatment since it has the advantage of 25.4% less oxygen, 100% organic matter savings and 47.9% less external sludge than traditional biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhai Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Shang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
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19
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Li X, Lu MY, Qiu QC, Huang Y, Li BL, Yuan Y, Yuan Y. The effect of different denitrification and partial nitrification-Anammox coupling forms on nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate at the pilot-scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122430. [PMID: 31761626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects on nitrogen removal from landfill leachate were compared between the denitrification (DN) direct coupling in Partial nitrification (PN)-Anammox (DN+(PN-Anammox)) and pre-DN followed by PN-Anammox (DN-PN-Anammox). Both processes can achieve coupling and high nitrogen removal. However, the DN+(PN-Anammox) process was not conducive to the treatment of high-COD wastewater. The total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) and total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) were stable at 0.31 kg/(m3·d) and 76.3%. When UASB was added to denitrification and transform the process into DN-PN-Anammox, the influent NH4+-N and COD concentrations were increased to 2230 and 2612 mg/L, TNRR and TNRE reached 0.45 kg/(m3·d) and 96.7%, respectively. The DN-PN-Anammox process not only was able to make full use of degradable COD in wastewater to realize the NO3--N removal, but also benefited the growth of autotrophic bacteria. The DN-PN-Anammox reduced the oxygen supply and was more conducive to the treatment of highly-concentrated mature landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Ming-Yu Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qing-Cun Qiu
- Qizi mountain sanitary landfill plant of Suzhou, Suzhou Environmental Sanitation Administration Agency, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Bo-Lin Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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20
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Rouidi LM, Maurício R, Boukhrissa A, Ait-Amar H, Balamane O. Characterization and treatment of landfill leachates by electro-Fenton process: A case study in Algeria. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:123-137. [PMID: 31502367 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of the electro-Fenton (EF) process to improve the biodegradability of Algerian leachates was examined, in order to prepare this kind of flux for conventional biological treatment. This work also included, for the first time in Algeria, the control and monitorization of a landfill-the "Hamici" landfill. Several physicochemical parameters were determined allowing its classification into an intermediate degradation phase, namely considering their alkaline pH (8.7), high ammonium concentration (3,120 mg/L), low content in heavy metals, and biodegradability (BOD5 /COD = 0.22). The effects of important parameters such as current intensity, treatment time, and temperature on COD removal have been studied and optimized by using response surface analysis of a central composite design, where 91.1% of COD was removed with a treatment time of 285 min, a current intensity of 3 A, and a temperature of 20°C. A biodegradability test, which was performed on a solution electrolyzed with 120 min, 2 A, and 20°C, allowed to improve the leachates biodegradability from 0.2 to 0.42, with a removal rate of COD and TOC of 53.35% and 34.5%, respectively. However, the current efficiency declined from 137% to 76.6% when the current intensity was rise from 0.5 to 2 A. These results showed the relevance of EF process applied on raw intermediate leachates and its possible benefit in the Algiers leachates treatment processes. Thus, it was concluded that biological treatment can be combined with EF process for optimal mineralization of leachates with clear advantages in this studied location. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Characterization and treatment of leachates by electro-Fenton (EF) process were carried out. The leachates are intermediate type and therefore biologically recalcitrant. The operating parameter for EF process were modeled and optimized by the central composite design. Current intensity of 2 A reduces COD and TOC of 53.35% and 34.5%, respectively. The ratio BOD5 /COD increased from 0.2 to 0.42 after 120 min of electrolysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Rouidi
- Laboratory of Science in Industrial Process Engineering, LSGPI, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, El-Alia, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rita Maurício
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Athir Boukhrissa
- Laboratory of Science in Industrial Process Engineering, LSGPI, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, El-Alia, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hamid Ait-Amar
- Laboratory of Science in Industrial Process Engineering, LSGPI, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, El-Alia, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ouafia Balamane
- Laboratory of Science in Industrial Process Engineering, LSGPI, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, USTHB, El-Alia, Algiers, Algeria
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21
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Liu X, Novak JT, He Z. Removal of landfill leachate ultraviolet quenching substances by electricity induced humic acid precipitation and electrooxidation in a membrane electrochemical reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:571-579. [PMID: 31279203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent UV quenching substances (UVQS) in landfill leachate can affect the effectiveness of UV disinfection in domestic wastewater treatment systems when leachate is being co-treated. As a result, effective onsite leachate pre-treatment will have to be implemented to reduce the UV quenching capability. Herein, a membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) was developed and investigated for treating UV quenching organics contained in landfill leachate. Compared to a control reactor that did not have a membrane separator, the MER achieved significantly higher removals of both dissolved organic carbon (61.5 ± 4.1%) and UV254nm absorbance (63.4 ± 8.4%). This enhanced performance was likely due to the combined effects of humic acid precipitation and augmented oxidation of organics. The MER was able to remove 89.1 ± 2.9% of total nitrogen from the leachate while recovering about 51% of the influent ammonia in the catholyte, in comparison to 38.1 ± 4.4% of total nitrogen removal by the control reactor. The MER consumed significantly less electrical energy with specific energy consumption of 70.62 kWh kg-1 DOC or 33.03 kWh kg-1 sCOD, compared to that of the control reactor (211.8 kWh kg-1 DOC or 55.02 kWh kg-1 sCOD). A current density of 20 mA cm-2 was considered optimal in terms of both UVQS removal and energy efficiency. Consideration should be given to the spacing of electrodes to minimize internal resistance and also to avoid trapping of the produced gas bubbles. These results collectively suggest that the MER is a promising onsite pretreatment approach for landfill leachate and further exploration of this technology should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John T Novak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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22
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Luo Y, Li R, Sun X, Liu X, Li D. The roles of phosphorus species formed in activated biochar from rice husk in the treatment of landfill leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121533. [PMID: 31158778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Untreated landfill leachate is a threat to the environment. Here, the phosphoric acid activated biochars prepared from rice husk were successfully used for leachate treatment to achieve a high removal of color (100%), pollutants (>90%), chemical oxygen demand (∼80%) and NH4+-N (100%). The leachate treatment process on phosphoric acid activated biochar could be well described by the pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm model, and it was controlled by external mass transfer followed by intra-particle diffusion. The phosphorus species formed in activated biochar could adjust and control the textural properties and structures of biochar, while the phosphorus species of activated biochar could attract humic acid-like organics in the leachate via hydrogen bond and π-π interactions, which were found to significantly enhance the treatment of leachate. The findings provided important insights for efficient treatment of wastewater using agricultural waste residues on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ruiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600, Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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