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Huang J, Xie X, Zheng W, Xu L, Yan J, Wu Y, Yang M, Yan Y. In silico design of multipoint mutants for enhanced performance of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase for efficient biodiesel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:33. [PMID: 38402206 PMCID: PMC10894483 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiesel, an emerging sustainable and renewable clean energy, has garnered considerable attention as an alternative to fossil fuels. Although lipases are promising catalysts for biodiesel production, their efficiency in industrial-scale application still requires improvement. RESULTS In this study, a novel strategy for multi-site mutagenesis in the binding pocket was developed via FuncLib (for mutant enzyme design) and Rosetta Cartesian_ddg (for free energy calculation) to improve the reaction rate and yield of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production. Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) with high activity and thermostability was obtained using the Pichia pastoris expression system. The specific activities of the mutants M11 and M21 (each with 5 and 4 mutations) were 1.50- and 3.10-fold higher, respectively, than those of the wild-type (wt-TLL). Their corresponding melting temperature profiles increased by 10.53 and 6.01 °C, [Formula: see text] (the temperature at which the activity is reduced to 50% after 15 min incubation) increased from 60.88 to 68.46 °C and 66.30 °C, and the optimum temperatures shifted from 45 to 50 °C. After incubation in 60% methanol for 1 h, the mutants M11 and M21 retained more than 60% activity, and 45% higher activity than that of wt-TLL. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the increase in thermostability could be explained by reduced atomic fluctuation, and the improved catalytic properties were attributed to a reduced binding free energy and newly formed hydrophobic interaction. Yields of biodiesel production catalyzed by mutants M11 and M21 for 48 h at an elevated temperature (50 °C) were 94.03% and 98.56%, respectively, markedly higher than that of the wt-TLL (88.56%) at its optimal temperature (45 °C) by transesterification of soybean oil. CONCLUSIONS An integrating strategy was first adopted to realize the co-evolution of catalytic efficiency and thermostability of lipase. Two promising mutants M11 and M21 with excellent properties exhibited great potential for practical applications for in biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinyong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Jäntti H, Jonk S, Gómez Budia M, Ohtonen S, Fagerlund I, Fazaludeen MF, Aakko-Saksa P, Pebay A, Lehtonen Š, Koistinaho J, Kanninen KM, Jalava PI, Malm T, Korhonen P. Particulate matter from car exhaust alters function of human iPSC-derived microglia. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:6. [PMID: 38360668 PMCID: PMC10870637 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is recognized as an emerging environmental risk factor for neurological diseases. Large-scale epidemiological studies associate traffic-related particulate matter (PM) with impaired cognitive functions and increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Inhaled components of PM may directly invade the brain via the olfactory route, or act through peripheral system responses resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. Microglia are the immune cells of the brain implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains unknown how PM affects live human microglia. RESULTS Here we show that two different PMs derived from exhausts of cars running on EN590 diesel or compressed natural gas (CNG) alter the function of human microglia-like cells in vitro. We exposed human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia-like cells (iMGLs) to traffic related PMs and explored their functional responses. Lower concentrations of PMs ranging between 10 and 100 µg ml-1 increased microglial survival whereas higher concentrations became toxic over time. Both tested pollutants impaired microglial phagocytosis and increased secretion of a few proinflammatory cytokines with distinct patterns, compared to lipopolysaccharide induced responses. iMGLs showed pollutant dependent responses to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with CNG inducing and EN590 reducing ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that traffic-related air pollutants alter the function of human microglia and warrant further studies to determine whether these changes contribute to adverse effects in the brain and on cognition over time. This study demonstrates human iPSC-microglia as a valuable tool to study functional microglial responses to environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Jäntti
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steffi Jonk
- Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mireia Gómez Budia
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sohvi Ohtonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilkka Fagerlund
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Alice Pebay
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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3
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Wang L, Wen W, Gu Y, Mao J, Tong X, Jia B, Yan J, Zhu K, Bai Z, Zhang W, Shi L, Chen Y, Morawska L, Chen J, Huang LH. Characterization of Biodiesel and Diesel Combustion Particles: Chemical Composition, Lipid Metabolism, and Implications for Health and Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20460-20469. [PMID: 38019752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel, derived from alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, has gained prominence as a greener alternative to diesel due to its reduced particle mass. However, it remains debatable whether biodiesel exposure has more severe health issues than diesel. This study performed high-resolution mass spectrometry to examine the detailed particle chemical compositions and lipidomics analysis of human lung epithelial cells treated with emissions from biodiesel and diesel fuels. Results show the presence of the peak substances of CHO compounds in biodiesel combustion that contain a phthalate ester (PAEs) structure (e.g., n-amyl isoamyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate). PAEs have emerged as persistent organic pollutants across various environmental media and are known to possess endocrine-disrupting properties in the environment. We further observed that biodiesel prevents triglyceride storage compared to diesel and inhibits triglycerides from becoming phospholipids, particularly with increased phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which potentially could lead to a higher probability of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Jianwen Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Xiao Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Boyue Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiaqian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhe Bai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Longbo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH), School of Earth of Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Hao Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
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4
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Zhao Z, Huang J, Xu L, Wang C, Cai J. One-step production of biodiesel by wet Escherichia coli cells expressing a non-specific and methanol-resistant lipase. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Wong PK, Ghadikolaei MA, Chen SH, Fadairo AA, Ng KW, Lee SMY, Xu JC, Lian ZD, Li S, Wong HC, Zhao J, Ning Z, Gali NK. Physicochemical and cell toxicity properties of particulate matter (PM) from a diesel vehicle fueled with diesel, spent coffee ground biodiesel, and ethanol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153873. [PMID: 35167892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The literature shows that information about the physical, chemical, and cell toxicity properties of particulate matter (PM) from diesel vehicles is not rich as the existence of a remarkable number of studies about the combustion, performance, and emissions of diesel vehicles using renewable liquid fuels, particularly biodiesels and alcohols. Also, the PM analyses from combustion of spent coffee ground biodiesel have not been comprehensively explored. Therefore, this research is presented. Pure diesel, 90% diesel + 10% biodiesel, and 90% diesel + 9% ethanol + 1% biodiesel, volume bases, were tested under a fast idle condition. STEM, SEM, EDS, Organic Carbon Analyzer, TGA/DSC, and Raman Spectrometer were employed for investigating the PM physical and chemical properties, and assays of cell viability, cellular reactive oxygen species, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were examined for investigating the PM cell toxicity properties. It is found that the application of both biodiesel and ethanol has the potential to change the PM properties, while the impact of ethanol is more than biodiesel on the changes. Regarding the important aspects, biodiesel can be effective for better human health (due to a decrease in cell death (-60.8%)) as well as good diesel particulate filter efficiency (due to lower activation energy (-7.6%) and frequency factor (-83.2%)). However, despite a higher impact of ethanol on the reductions in activation energy (-24.8%) and frequency factor (-99.0%), this fuel causes an increase in cell death (84.1%). Therefore, biodiesel can be an appropriate fuel to have a positive impact on human health, the environment, and emissions catalysts performance, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | | | - Shou Hao Chen
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | | | - Kar Wei Ng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | | | - Jin Cheng Xu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhen Dong Lian
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Shuli Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hang Cheong Wong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Nirmal Kumar Gali
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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6
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Maafa IM. Biodiesel Synthesis from High Free-Fatty-Acid Chicken Fat using a Scrap-Tire Derived Solid Acid Catalyst and KOH. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:643. [PMID: 35160632 PMCID: PMC8839443 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A heterogeneous solid acid catalyst was synthesized using tire polymer waste (TPW) for the esterification of waste chicken fat (CF) enriched with fatty acids. The TPW was carbonized and functionalized with concentrated sulfuric acid under various sulfonation conditions to obtain a sulfonated tire polymer char (TPC-SO3H) catalyst. The TPC-SO3H catalyst was further characterized via acid-base titration (to ascertain the total concentration of acid), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The esterification reaction conditions of extracted chicken fat with methanol and the viability of catalyst reuse were also investigated. The composition of the free fatty acid (FFA) decreased to below 1% under optimum reaction conditions of 5% TPC-SO3H catalyst, the methanol-to-CF molar-ratio of 15:1, and a reaction time of 120 min at 70 °C. The catalyst preserved its conversion efficiency above 90%, even after three cycles. The results demonstrate that the catalyst is applicable and efficient in the esterification of raw materials containing various fatty acid compositions since different carbonized materials have distinct abilities to combine acid groups. Furthermore, after de-acidification of CF-FFA by the as-prepared TPC-SO3H catalyst, the neutral CF was transesterified completely to biodiesel and characterized via Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis. This work unveils a promising technique for utilizing tire waste generated in large quantities for the development of a novel heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Maafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Kukana R, Jakhar OP. An appraisal on enablers for enhancement of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel production facilities using the interpretative structural modeling approach. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:213. [PMID: 34742323 PMCID: PMC8572423 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous depletion of energy sources globally and serious concern regarding environmental degradation by the use of fossil fuel, biodiesel may play a key transponder. Biodiesel blended with diesel fuel achieves a decreased environmental footprint without losing the reliability of output and consumption. Biodiesel is produced from a variety of sources. Biodiesel generation from waste cooking oil (WCO) is effective for both the atmosphere and human health. Many research studies reported WCO biodiesel as a potential alternative fuel for internal combustion engine. The present study aims to provide key promoting and implementing agents for WCO utilization and WCO-based biodiesel production. A systematic literature review has been performed to identify enablers and the contextual relationship between various enablers was developed using interpretative structural modeling (ISM) and expert views. Using the method of ISM and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) methodology, the impact of enablers is studied. The findings revealed that all established enablers play an important role and are equally important promoters for the development of biodiesel based on WCO. The findings further suggest that human health issues, biodiesel processing plants, biodiesel support vehicles, and biodiesel production technology play a key role in the manufacture of biodiesel dependent on WCO. The most important leaders in the development of WCO biodiesel are government policy and funding, confidence in environmental issues, and financial assistance to biodiesel manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O P Jakhar
- Engineering College Bikaner, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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8
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Rossner P, Cervena T, Vojtisek-Lom M, Neca J, Ciganek M, Vrbova K, Ambroz A, Novakova Z, Elzeinova F, Sima M, Simova Z, Holan V, Beranek V, Pechout M, Macoun D, Rossnerova A, Topinka J. Markers of lipid oxidation and inflammation in bronchial cells exposed to complete gasoline emissions and their organic extracts. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130833. [PMID: 34015653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic emissions consist of gaseous components, particles of various sizes, and chemical compounds that are bound to them. Exposure to vehicle emissions is implicated in the etiology of inflammatory respiratory disorders. We investigated the inflammation-related markers in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and a 3D model of the human airways (MucilAir™), after exposure to complete emissions and extractable organic matter (EOM) from particles generated by ordinary gasoline (E5), and a gasoline-ethanol blend (E20; ethanol content 20% v/v). The production of 22 lipid oxidation products (derivatives of linoleic and arachidonic acid, AA) and 45 inflammatory molecules (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) was assessed after days 1 and 5 of exposure, using LC-MS/MS and a multiplex immunoassay, respectively. The response observed in MucilAir™ exposed to E5 gasoline emissions, characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory AA metabolites (prostaglandins) and inflammatory markers, was the most pronounced. E20 EOM exposure was associated with increased levels of AA metabolites with anti-inflammatory effects in this cell model. The exposure of BEAS-2B cells to complete emissions reduced lipid oxidation, while E20 EOM tended to increase concentrations of AA metabolite and chemokine production; the impacts on other inflammatory markers were limited. In summary, complete E5 emission exposure of MucilAir™ induces the processes associated with the pro-inflammatory response. This observation highlights the potential negative health impacts of ordinary gasoline, while the effects of alternative fuel are relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Cervena
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Vojtisek-Lom
- Centre of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Neca
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Ciganek
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonin Ambroz
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Novakova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Fatima Elzeinova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Sima
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Simova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Holan
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vit Beranek
- Centre of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Pechout
- Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - David Macoun
- Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
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9
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Unosson J, Kabéle M, Boman C, Nyström R, Sadiktsis I, Westerholm R, Mudway IS, Purdie E, Raftis J, Miller MR, Mills NL, Newby DE, Blomberg A, Sandström T, Bosson JA. Acute cardiovascular effects of controlled exposure to dilute Petrodiesel and biodiesel exhaust in healthy volunteers: a crossover study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:22. [PMID: 34127003 PMCID: PMC8204543 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution derived from combustion is associated with considerable cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in addition to environmental effects. Replacing petrodiesel with biodiesel may have ecological benefits, but impacts on human health remain unquantified. The objective was to compare acute cardiovascular effects of blended and pure biodiesel exhaust exposure against known adverse effects of petrodiesel exhaust (PDE) exposure in human subjects. In two randomized controlled double-blind crossover studies, healthy volunteers were exposed to PDE or biodiesel exhaust for one hour. In study one, 16 subjects were exposed, on separate occasions, to PDE and 30% rapeseed methyl ester biodiesel blend (RME30) exhaust, aiming at PM10 300 μg/m3. In study two, 19 male subjects were separately exposed to PDE and exhaust from a 100% RME fuel (RME100) using similar engine load and exhaust dilution. Generated exhaust was analyzed for physicochemical composition and oxidative potential. Following exposure, vascular endothelial function was assessed using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography and ex vivo thrombus formation was assessed using a Badimon chamber model of acute arterial injury. Biomarkers of inflammation, platelet activation and fibrinolysis were measured in the blood. RESULTS In study 1, PDE and RME30 exposures were at comparable PM levels (314 ± 27 μg/m3; (PM10 ± SD) and 309 ± 30 μg/m3 respectively), whereas in study 2, the PDE exposure concentrations remained similar (310 ± 34 μg/m3), but RME100 levels were lower in PM (165 ± 16 μg/m3) and PAHs, but higher in particle number concentration. Compared to PDE, PM from RME had less oxidative potential. Forearm infusion of the vasodilators acetylcholine, bradykinin, sodium nitroprusside and verapamil resulted in dose-dependent increases in blood flow after all exposures. Vasodilatation and ex vivo thrombus formation were similar following exposure to exhaust from petrodiesel and the two biodiesel formulations (RME30 and RME100). There were no significant differences in blood biomarkers or exhaled nitric oxide levels between exposures. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in PM composition and particle reactivity, controlled exposure to biodiesel exhaust was associated with similar cardiovascular effects to PDE. We suggest that the potential adverse health effects of biodiesel fuel emissions should be taken into account when evaluating future fuel policies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01337882 /NCT01883466. Date of first enrollment March 11, 2011, registered April 19, 2011, i.e. retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Unosson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Kabéle
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Boman
- Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robin Nyström
- Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Sadiktsis
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Westerholm
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian S. Mudway
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Esme Purdie
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Raftis
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark R. Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas L. Mills
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E. Newby
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Dept. of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Med, University Hospital, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny A. Bosson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Bhatia SK, Jagtap SS, Bedekar AA, Bhatia RK, Rajendran K, Pugazhendhi A, Rao CV, Atabani AE, Kumar G, Yang YH. Renewable biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass using fermentation and integration of systems with other energy generation technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144429. [PMID: 33385808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen is a clean and renewable source of energy. It can be produced by using technologies such as thermochemical, electrolysis, photoelectrochemical and biological, etc. Among these technologies, the biological method (dark fermentation) is considered more sustainable and ecofriendly. Dark fermentation involves anaerobic microbes which degrade carbohydrate rich substrate and produce hydrogen. Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundantly available raw material and can be utilized as an economic and renewable substrate for biohydrogen production. Although there are many hurdles, continuous advancements in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technology, microbial fermentation (mixed substrate and co-culture fermentation), the involvement of molecular biology techniques, and understanding of various factors (pH, T, addition of nanomaterials) effect on biohydrogen productivity and yield render this technology efficient and capable to meet future energy demands. Further integration of biohydrogen production technology with other products such as bio-alcohol, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and methane have the potential to improve the efficiency and economics of the overall process. In this article, various methods used for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, technologies in trends to produce and improve biohydrogen production, a coproduction of other energy resources, and techno-economic analysis of biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sujit Sadashiv Jagtap
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ashwini Ashok Bedekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ravi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill 171005, H.P, India
| | - Karthik Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A E Atabani
- Alternative Fuels Research Laboratory (AFRL), Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Yang K, Xu M, Cao J, Zhu Q, Rahman M, Holmén BA, Fukagawa NK, Zhu J. Ultrafine particles altered gut microbial population and metabolic profiles in a sex-specific manner in an obese mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6906. [PMID: 33767227 PMCID: PMC7994449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted the connection between exposure to air pollution and the increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and comorbidities. Given the recent interest in studying the effects of ultrafine particle (UFP) on the health of obese individuals, this study examined the effects of gastrointestinal UFP exposure on gut microbial composition and metabolic function using an in vivo murine model of obesity in both sexes. UFPs generated from light-duty diesel engine combustion of petrodiesel (B0) and a petrodiesel/biodiesel fuel blend (80:20 v/v, B20) were administered orally. Multi-omics approaches, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based targeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, semi-quantitatively compared the effects of 10-day UFP exposures on obese C57B6 mouse gut microbial population, changes in diversity and community function compared to a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) control group. Our results show that sex-specific differences in the gut microbial population in response to UFP exposure can be observed, as UFPs appear to have a differential impact on several bacterial families in males and females. Meanwhile, the alteration of seventy-five metabolites from the gut microbial metabolome varied significantly (ANOVA p < 0.05) across the PBS control, B0, and B20 groups. Multivariate analyses revealed that the fuel-type specific disruption to the microbial metabolome was observed in both sexes, with stronger disruptive effects found in females in comparison to male obese mice. Metabolic signatures of bacterial cellular oxidative stress, such as the decreased concentration of nucleotides and lipids and increased concentrations of carbohydrate, energy, and vitamin metabolites were detected. Furthermore, blood metabolites from the obese mice were differentially affected by the fuel types used to generate the UFPs (B0 vs. B20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Monica Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Britt A Holmén
- School of Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 302D Wiseman Hall, 400 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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12
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Ganesan R, Subramaniam S, Paramasivam R, Sabir JSM, Femilda Josephin JS, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. A study on biofuel produced by catalytic cracking of mustard and castor oil using porous Hβ and AlMCM-41 catalysts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143781. [PMID: 33229074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel is the only novel solution to the increase in the greenhouse effect and bursting energy demand. The catalytic cracking of non-edible vegetable oils, namely castor and mustard was studied to yield gasoline range (C5-C9) hydrocarbons. Hβ (Microporous; pore size <2 nm) and AlMCM-41 (Mesoporous; pore size 2 nm-50 nm) materials with different Si/Al ratios were used as catalysts for cracking purposes. Characterization of these catalysts was done by X-ray diffraction, Surface area analyzer, nitrogen sorption studies, TPD and inductively coupled plasma techniques. Used mustard oil was cracked over AlMCM-41 catalysts in a fixed bed catalytic cracking unit at optimized reaction condition (400 °C, 4.6 h-1) obtained over Hβ. The liquid and gaseous products were analyzed using gas chromatograph (Shimadzu GC-9A). Among the mesoporous catalysts AlMCM-41 (27) was able to convert 75% of mustard oil into 48% of bioliquid and 30.4% selectivity towards BG. Pongamia, neem, castor, fresh coconut and used coconut oil was also cracked using AlMCM-41 (27) catalyst. The major products of cracking reactions were Castor Bioliquid (CBL) comprising of bio gasoline (BG), bio kerosene (BK) and bio diesel (BD) with less yield of gaseous products. AlMCM-41 converted 98% of castor oil into 85% of CBL and it was tested with ASTM 6751 standard procedures for its calorific value, viscosity and flash point. The sulphur emission from CBL run engine reached lower index. The results exhibited the commercial utility of the CBL in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - Shanthi Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry, Anna Adarsh College for Women, Chennai 600 040, India
| | - Ravichandran Paramasivam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph's Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - J S Femilda Josephin
- Department of Software Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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13
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Arun J, Gopinath KP, Sivaramakrishnan R, SundarRajan P, Malolan R, Pugazhendhi A. Technical insights into the production of green fuel from CO 2 sequestered algal biomass: A conceptual review on green energy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142636. [PMID: 33065504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Algae a promising energy reserve due to its adaptability, cheap source, sustainability and it's growth ability in wastewater with efficient sequestration of industrial carbon dioxide. This review summarizes the pathways available for biofuel production from carbon sequestered algae biomass. In this regard, this review focuses on microalgae and its cultivation in wastewater with CO2 sequestration. Conversion of carbon sequestered biomass into bio-fuels via thermo-chemical routes and its engine emission properties. Energy perspective of green gaseous biofuels in near future. This review revealed that algae was the pre-dominant CO2 sequester than terrestrial plants in an eco-friendly and economical way with simultaneous wastewater remediation. Hydrothermal liquefaction of algae biomass was the most preferred mode for biofuel generation than pyrolysis due to high moisture content. The algae based fuels exhibit less greenhouse gases emission and higher energy value. This review helps the researchers, environmentalists and industrialists to evaluate the impact of algae based bio-energy towards green energy and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Arun
- Center for Waste Management - 'International Research Centre', Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - PanneerSelvam SundarRajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Malolan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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14
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Lecureur V, Monteil C, Jaguin M, Cazier F, Preterre D, Corbière C, Gosset P, Douki T, Sichel F, Fardel O. Comparative study on gene expression profile in rat lung after repeated exposure to diesel and biodiesel exhausts upstream and downstream of a particle filter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115264. [PMID: 32771839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is considered as a valuable and less toxic alternative to diesel. However, cellular and molecular effects of repeated exposure to biodiesel emissions from a recent engine equipped with a diesel particle filter (DPF) remain to be characterized. To gain insights about this point, the lung transcriptional signatures were analyzed for rats (n = 6 per group) exposed to filtered air, 30% rapeseed biodiesel (B30) blend or reference diesel (RF0), upstream and downstream a DPF, for 3 weeks (3 h/day, 5 days/week). Genomic analysis revealed a modest regulation of gene expression level (lower than a 2-fold) by both fuels and a higher number of genes regulated downstream the DPF than upstream, in response to either RF0 or to B30 exhaust emissions. The presence of DPF was found to notably impact the lung gene signature of rats exposed to B30. The number of genes regulated in common by both fuels was low, which is likely due to differences in concentrations of regulated pollutants in exhausts, notably for compound organic volatiles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, NO or NOx. Nevertheless, we have identified some pathways that were activated for both exhaust emissions, such as integrin-, IGF-1- and Rac-signaling pathways, likely reflecting the effects of gas phase products. By contrast, some canonical pathways relative to "oxidative phosphorylation" and "mitochondrial dysfunction" appear as specific to B30 exhaust emission; the repression of transcripts of mitochondrial respiratory chain in lung of rats exposed to B30 downstream of DPF supports the perturbation of mitochondria function. This study done with a recent diesel engine (compliant with the European IV emission standard) and commercially-available fuels reveals that the diesel blend composition and the presence of an after treatment system may modify lung gene signature of rats repeatedly exposed to exhaust emissions, however in a rather modest manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lecureur
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Christelle Monteil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Jaguin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Common Center of Measurements (CCM), Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - David Preterre
- CERTAM, 1 rue Joseph Fourier, 76800, Saint-Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Cécile Corbière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, EA4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Thierry Douki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES/CIBEST, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000, Caen et 76000 Rouen, France; Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
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15
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Characterization of Biomethanol–Biodiesel–Diesel Blends as Alternative Fuel for Marine Applications. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8090730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ambitious new International Maritime Organization (IMO) strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships will shape the future path towards the decarbonization of the fleet and will bring further ecological challenges. In order to replace the larger oil-based part of marine fuel with components from renewable sources, it is necessary to develop multi-component blends. In this work, biomethanol and biodiesel with two additives—dodecanol and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate—in 20 blends with marine diesel oil (MDO) were selected as alternative components to replace the pure marine diesel oil-based part of marine fuel. For this purpose, two base blends of diesel and biodiesel with and without additives were produced with biomethanol from 0 to 30% (volume basis). Of all the blends, the blends with 5% (volume basis) methanol had the best property profile in terms of density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, cloud point, and cetane index according to the ISO 8217:2017 standard (DMB grade) in compliance with the IMO requirements for marine fuels. However, the flash point must be increased. The boiling behavior of the blends was also investigated. A cluster analysis was used to evaluate the similarity between the blends based on their different physical properties.
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16
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Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:38. [PMID: 32771016 PMCID: PMC7414762 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust is carcinogenic and exposure to diesel particles cause health effects. We investigated the toxicity of diesel exhaust particles designed to have varying physicochemical properties in order to attribute health effects to specific particle characteristics. Particles from three fuel types were compared at 13% engine intake O2 concentration: MK1 ultra low sulfur diesel (DEP13) and the two renewable diesel fuels hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO13) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME13). Additionally, diesel particles from MK1 ultra low sulfur diesel were generated at 9.7% (DEP9.7) and 17% (DEP17) intake O2 concentration. We evaluated physicochemical properties and histopathological, inflammatory and genotoxic responses on day 1, 28, and 90 after single intratracheal instillation in mice compared to reference diesel particles and carbon black. Results Moderate variations were seen in physical properties for the five particles: primary particle diameter: 15–22 nm, specific surface area: 152–222 m2/g, and count median mobility diameter: 55–103 nm. Larger differences were found in chemical composition: organic carbon/total carbon ratio (0.12–0.60), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content (1–27 μg/mg) and acid-extractable metal content (0.9–16 μg/mg). Intratracheal exposure to all five particles induced similar toxicological responses, with different potency. Lung particle retention was observed in DEP13 and HVO13 exposed mice on day 28 post-exposure, with less retention for the other fuel types. RME exposure induced limited response whereas the remaining particles induced dose-dependent inflammation and acute phase response on day 1. DEP13 induced acute phase response on day 28 and inflammation on day 90. DNA strand break levels were not increased as compared to vehicle, but were increased in lung and liver compared to blank filter extraction control. Neutrophil influx on day 1 correlated best with estimated deposited surface area, but also with elemental carbon, organic carbon and PAHs. DNA strand break levels in lung on day 28 and in liver on day 90 correlated with acellular particle-induced ROS. Conclusions We studied diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties. Our study highlights specific surface area, elemental carbon content, PAHs and ROS-generating potential as physicochemical predictors of diesel particle toxicity.
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17
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Møller P, Scholten RH, Roursgaard M, Krais AM. Inflammation, oxidative stress and genotoxicity responses to biodiesel emissions in cultured mammalian cells and animals. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:383-401. [PMID: 32543270 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1762541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel fuels are alternatives to petrodiesel, especially in the transport sector where they have lower carbon footprint. Notwithstanding the environmental benefit, biodiesel fuels may have other toxicological properties than petrodiesel. Particulate matter (PM) from petrodiesel causes cancer in the lung as a consequence of delivery of genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxidative stress and inflammation. We have reviewed articles from 2002 to 2019 (50% of the articles since 2015) that have described toxicological effects in terms of genotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation of biodiesel exhaust exposure in humans, animals and cell cultures. The studies have assessed first generation biodiesel from different feedstock (e.g. rapeseed and soy), certain second generation fuels (e.g. waste oil), and hydrogenated vegetable oil. It is not possible to rank the potency of toxicological effects of specific biodiesel fuels. However, exposure to biodiesel exhaust causes oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity in cell cultures. Three studies in animals have not indicated genotoxicity in lung tissue. The database on oxidative stress and inflammation in animal studies is larger (13 studies); ten studies have reported increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers or inflammation, although the effects have been modest in most studies. The cell culture and animal studies have not consistently shown a different potency in effect between biodiesel and petrodiesel exhausts. Both increased and decreased potency have been reported, which might be due to differences in feedstock or combustion conditions. In conclusion, combustion products from biodiesel and petrodiesel fuel may evoke similar toxicological effects on genotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Harnung Scholten
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Annette M Krais
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Okoye PU, Longoria A, Sebastian PJ, Wang S, Li S, Hameed BH. A review on recent trends in reactor systems and azeotrope separation strategies for catalytic conversion of biodiesel-derived glycerol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:134595. [PMID: 31864781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for biodiesel (BD) as a renewable and sustainable energy source has impelled the generation of abundant and low-cost byproduct glycerol, which accounts for 10 wt% of total BD production and requires urgent utilization. The transesterification reaction, which utilizes glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to synthesize valuable glycerol carbonate (GC) is an established reaction pathway to valorize oversupplied glycerol. Commercialization of inexpensive GC is constrained by the nature, stability, and basicity of applied catalyst, reaction conditions, types of the reactor system and separation methods of reaction products. This study presents a review and diversity of recent reports on reactor systems and DMC-methanol azeotrope separation strategies explored in GC synthesis from biodiesel-derived glycerol. Also, recent trends on heterogeneous catalysts, their performance, and the effects of reaction conditions were presented. Conducted studies revealed that the choice for reactor systems is constrained by factors such as energy consumption and operational safety and a significant mild reaction conditions could be realized using a microwave reactor. Furthermore, the reactive-extractive distillation and pervaporation processes showed high energy-efficiency and appreciable separation of DMC-methanol azeotrope. Thus, the development of stable catalyst and process intensification to fabricate an integrated reactor-separation system with high energy efficiency are fundamental and must be explored. This study portrays the recent research effort made in this direction and the limitations that require urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick U Okoye
- Laboratorio de Bioenergía, Instituto de Energías Renovables (IER-UNAM), Temixco, Morelos 62580, México.
| | - Adriana Longoria
- Laboratorio de Bioenergía, Instituto de Energías Renovables (IER-UNAM), Temixco, Morelos 62580, México; CONACYT-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos
| | - P J Sebastian
- Laboratorio de Bioenergía, Instituto de Energías Renovables (IER-UNAM), Temixco, Morelos 62580, México
| | - Song Wang
- School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, Liaoning, China
| | - Sanxi Li
- School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, Liaoning, China
| | - B H Hameed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Koelmel JP, Napolitano MP, Ulmer CZ, Vasiliou V, Garrett TJ, Yost RA, Prasad MNV, Godri Pollitt KJ, Bowden JA. Environmental lipidomics: understanding the response of organisms and ecosystems to a changing world. Metabolomics 2020; 16:56. [PMID: 32307636 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interaction between organisms and the environment is important for predicting and mitigating the effects of global phenomena such as climate change, and the fate, transport, and health effects of anthropogenic pollutants. By understanding organism and ecosystem responses to environmental stressors at the molecular level, mechanisms of toxicity and adaptation can be determined. This information has important implications in human and environmental health, engineering biotechnologies, and understanding the interaction between anthropogenic induced changes and the biosphere. One class of molecules with unique promise for environmental science are lipids; lipids are highly abundant and ubiquitous across nearly all organisms, and lipid profiles often change drastically in response to external stimuli. These changes allow organisms to maintain essential biological functions, for example, membrane fluidity, as they adapt to a changing climate and chemical environment. Lipidomics can help scientists understand the historical and present biofeedback processes in climate change and the biogeochemical processes affecting nutrient cycles. Lipids can also be used to understand how ecosystems respond to historical environmental changes with lipid signatures dating back to hundreds of millions of years, which can help predict similar changes in the future. In addition, lipids are direct targets of environmental stressors, for example, lipids are easily prone to oxidative damage, which occurs during exposure to most toxins. AIM OF REVIEW This is the first review to summarize the current efforts to comprehensively measure lipids to better understand the interaction between organisms and their environment. This review focuses on lipidomic applications in the arenas of environmental toxicology and exposure assessment, xenobiotic exposures and health (e.g., obesity), global climate change, and nutrient cycles. Moreover, this review summarizes the use of and the potential for lipidomics in engineering biotechnologies for the remediation of persistent compounds and biofuel production. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT With the preservation of certain lipids across millions of years and our ever-increasing understanding of their diverse biological roles, lipidomic-based approaches provide a unique utility to increase our understanding of the contemporary and historical interactions between organisms, ecosystems, and anthropogenically-induced environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Michael P Napolitano
- CSS, Inc., under contract to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - M N V Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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20
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Bharathiraja B, Selvakumari IAE, Jayamuthunagai J, Kumar RP, Varjani S, Pandey A, Gnansounou E. Biochemical conversion of biodiesel by-product into malic acid: A way towards sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136206. [PMID: 31905567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crude glycerol, one of the ever-growing by-product of biodiesel industry and is receiving the closest review in recent times because direct disposal of crude glycerol may emerge ecological issues. The renewability, bioavailability and typical structure of glycerol, therefore, discover conceivable application in serving the role of carbon and energy source for microbial biosynthesis of high value products. This conceivable arrangement could find exploitation of crude glycerol as a renewable building block for bio-refineries as it is economically as well as environmentally profitable. In this review, we summarize the uptake and catabolism of crude glycerol by different wild and recombinant microorganism. The chemical and biochemical transformation of crude glycerol into high esteem malic acid by various microbial pathways is also additionally discussed. An extensive investigation in the synthesis of high-value malic acid production from various feed stock which finds applications in cosmeceutical and chemical industries, food and beverages, and to some extent in the field of medical science is also likewise studied. Finally, the open doors for unrefined crude glycerol in serving as a promising abundant energy source for malic acid production in near future have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bharathiraja
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai 600 062, India
| | | | - J Jayamuthunagai
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - R Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Arunai Engineering College, Thiruvannaamalai 606 603, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India; Frontier Research Lab, Yonsei University, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Nematian T, Shakeri A, Salehi Z, Saboury AA. Lipase immobilized on functionalized superparamagnetic few-layer graphene oxide as an efficient nanobiocatalyst for biodiesel production from Chlorella vulgaris bio-oil. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:57. [PMID: 32206090 PMCID: PMC7082915 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae, due to its well-recognized advantages have gained renewed interest as potentially good feedstock for biodiesel. Production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as a type of biodiesel was carried out from Chlorella vulgaris bio-oil. Biodiesel was produced in the presence of nano-biocatalysts composed of immobilized lipase on functionalized superparamagnetic few-layer graphene oxide via a transesterification reaction. A hybrid of few-layer graphene oxide and Fe3O4 (MGO) was prepared and characterized. The MGO was functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (MGO-AP) as well as with a couple of AP and glutaraldehyde (MGO-AP-GA). The Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was immobilized on MGO and MGO-AP using electrostatic interactions as well as on MGO-AP-GA using covalent bonding. The supports, MGO, MGO-AP, and MGO-AP-GA, as well as nano-biocatalyst, ROL/MGO, ROL/MGO-AP, and ROL/MGO-AP-GA, were characterized using FESEM, VSM, FTIR, and XRD. The few-layer graphene oxide was characterized using AFM and the surface charge of supports was evaluated with the zeta potential technique. The nano-biocatalysts assay was performed with an evaluation of kinetic parameters, loading capacity, relative activity, time-course thermal stability, and storage stability. Biodiesel production was carried out in the presence of nano-biocatalysts and their reusability was evaluated in 5 cycles of transesterification reaction. RESULTS The AFM analysis confirmed the few-layer structure of graphene oxide and VSM also confirmed that all supports were superparamagnetic. The maximum loading of ROL (70.2%) was related to MGO-AP-GA. The highest biodiesel conversion of 71.19% achieved in the presence of ROL/MGO-AP-GA. Furthermore, this nano-biocatalyst could maintain 58.77% of its catalytic performance after 5 cycles of the transesterification reaction and was the best catalyst in the case of reusability. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the synthesized nano-biocatalyst based on bare and functionalized magnetic graphene oxide was applied and optimized in the process of converting microalgae bio-oil to biodiesel for the first time and compared with bare lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. Results showed that the loading capacity, kinetic parameters, thermal stability, and storage stability improved by the functionalization of MGO. The biocatalysts, which were prepared via covalent bonding immobilization of enzyme generally, showed better characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Nematian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shakeri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Salehi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Abstract
A rapid development of Internet technologies creates new opportunities for e-commerce, which is one of the fastest-growing segments of the entire economy. For policymakers, the most important aspects of e-commerce are related to the cost reduction in transportation, facilitation of administration and communication, innovations at the market level, and environmental issues. An unavoidable part of the e-commerce production process is related to the postal service. New market expectations of modern society lead to the consideration of upgrading the traditional express delivery service in terms of time availability. In this paper, we propose a new 24-h availability of postal and courier service so-called “post express nonstop”. To assess the potential demand for this kind of service, we propose a forecasting procedure based on the Bass diffusion model. In particular, the research is directed toward the examination of environmental issues, considering both types of services—traditional and the proposed new one. A comparison is done by analyzing CO2 emissions in the last-mile delivery of goods to the users’ addresses. The experiment was carried out in the city of Belgrade, simulating the last-mile delivery under realistic conditions and controlling the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. In accordance with the results of this experiment and the forecasted number of postal items, a projection of CO2 emissions for the new service from 2020 to 2025 was carried out. The results show a significant contribution of the proposed new express delivery service to environmental well-being and sustainability.
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