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Zhuang Q, Li M, Lu Z. Assessing runoff control of low impact development in Hong Kong's dense community with reliable SWMM setup and calibration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118599. [PMID: 37423185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Low impact development (LID) is a sustainable practice to managing urban runoff. However, its effectiveness in densely populated areas with intense rainfall, such as Hong Kong, remains unclear due to limited studies with similar climate conditions and urban patterns. The highly mixed land use and complicated drainage network present challenges for preparing a Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). This study proposed a reliable framework for setting up and calibrating SWMM by integrating multiple automated tools to address these issues. With a validated SWMM, we examined LID's effects on runoff control in a densely built catchment of Hong Kong. A designed full-scale LID implementation can reduce total and peak runoffs by around 35-45% for 2, 10 and 50-year return rainfalls. However, LID alone may not be adequate to handle the runoff in densely built areas of Hong Kong. As the rainfall return period increases, total runoff reduction increases, but peak runoff reduction remains close. Percentages of reduction in total and peak runoffs decline. The marginal control diminishes for total runoff while remaining constant for peak runoff when increasing the extent of LID implementation. In addition, the study identifies the crucial design parameters of LID facilities using global sensitivity analysis. Overall, our study contributes to accelerating the reliable application of SWMM and deepening the understanding of the effectiveness of LID in ensuring water security in densely built urban communities located near the humid-tropical climate zone, such as Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinru Zhuang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mengru Li
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhongming Lu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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2
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Chen J, Xie Y, Sun S, Zhang M, Yan P, Xu F, Tang L, He S. Efficient nitrogen removal through coupling biochar with zero-valent iron by different packing modes in bioretention system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115375. [PMID: 36709026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Three kinds of bioretention were designed to explore the effects of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and biochar on the nitrogen removal performance and to seek a more reasonable packing method in this study. The results showed that the effluent removal rates of nitrate, ammonium and total nitrogen were 53.30 ± 12.68%, 98.41 ± 0.38% and 64.03 ± 8.72% respectively in Bioretention-3 during the rainfall events, while the nitrate concentration decreased gradually with the increase of drying time. According to the batch experiment, it was found that zero-valent iron could release continuously and stably in Bioretention-3 and Bioretention-1 due to the interception effect of biochar on dissolved oxygen. In addition, biochar in soil layer could protect zero-valent iron from excessive oxidation while biochar in the substrate layer could release organic matter to promote heterotrophic denitrification. Microbial community analysis showed that the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria (20.92-40.81%) and Actinobacteriota (9.89-24.54%). The dominant nitrifying genera was Nitrospira while there were also aerobic denitrifying bacteria (Sphingomonas, Bradyrhizobium and Chryseolinea, etc.) in soil layer. In the substrate layer, there was more ferrous iron-mediated autotrophic denitrification process (Thiobacillus, Geobacter and Denitratisoma, etc.) in Bioretention-1 and Bioretention-3 while a larger proportion of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium process (DNRA) (Bacillus, Desulfovibrio and Pseudomonas, etc.) in Bioretention-2. In general, this study showed that biochar addition in soil coupled with mixing zero-valent iron and biochar as substrate layer was a more stable and efficient design through various aspects of evidence. It provides a new way for how to use zero-valent iron and biochar to improve nitrogen removal capacity in stormwater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Manping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Pan Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- Shanghai Gardens (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200023, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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3
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Gong Y, Li X, Xie P, Fu H, Nie L, Li J, Li Y. The migration and accumulation of typical pollutants in the growing media layer of bioretention facilities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44591-44606. [PMID: 36694065 PMCID: PMC9873394 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of complex physical and chemical processes, such as interception, migration, accumulation, and transformation, can occur when pollutants in stormwater runoff enter the growing media layer of bioretention facilities, affecting the purification of stormwater runoff by bioretention facilities. The migration and accumulation of pollutants in the growing media layer need long-term monitoring in traditional experimental studies. In this study, we established the Hydrus-1D model of water and solution transport for the bioretention facilities. By analyzing the variation of cumulative fluxes of NO3--N and Pb with time and depth, we investigated pollutant migration and accumulation trends in the growing media layer of bioretention facilities. It can provide support for reducing runoff pollutants in bioretention facilities. The Hydrus-1D model was calibrated and verified with experimental data, and the input data (runoff pollutant concentration) for the pollutant concentration boundary was obtained from the SWMM model. The results demonstrated that the cumulative fluxes of NO3--N and Pb increased with the passage of simulation time and depth of the growing media layer overall. From the top to the bottom of the growing media layer, the change rates of the peak cumulative fluxes of NO3--N and Pb were strongly linked with their levels in the runoff. An increase in rainfall decreased the content of NO3--N and Pb in the growing media layer, and this phenomenon was more obvious in the lower part of the layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hongyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
- Qingdao Planning Engineering Design Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Linmei Nie
- Centre for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Water Technology, 0957, Oslo, Norway
| | - Junqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yanhong Li
- Beijing Guohuan Tsinghua Environmental Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Zhou J, Xiong J, Zhu J, Xie X, Ni J, Liu Y, Wang X. Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on nutrient removal from bioretention cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116556. [PMID: 36283173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There have been numerous summaries of the runoff purification characteristics of bioretention cells in warm climates. However, little has been done on the effects of freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) that frequently occur in cold regions on bioretention cell performance. Three experimental columns were constructed to simulate the operation of the bioretention cell under the FTCs. The effects of FTCs on the nutrient removal efficiency of different filling bioretention cells were analyzed. The results showed that the ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration in the effluent of the wood chip bioretention cell under the T3 conditions (WBCF) (2.35 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of the wood chip bioretention cell operating at room temperature (WBCR) (0.62 mg/L). The effluent NH4+-N concentration of aluminum sludge bioretention cell (ABCF) (0.096 mg/L) under the FTCs was lower than that of WBCF (0.91 mg/L). Under the T3 condition, the effluent nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of WBCF (5.33 mg/L and 8.86 mg/L) were higher than those of WBCR (5 mg/L and 6.11 mg/L) at room temperature. Under FTCs conditions, both WBCF and ABCF had high NO3--N removal efficiency (up to 85.87% and 24.75%) at the initial stage of thawing of the filler, and the efficiency gradually decreased with the thawing of the filler. With the increase of FTCs, the NO3--N removal efficiency of WBCF gradually decreased (always higher than 13.6%), while the removal efficiency of ABCF fluctuated wildly (the removal efficiency was primarily negative). The total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the effluent of WBCF (0.11 mg/L) under the T3 conditions was lower than that of WBCR (0.02 mg/L) at room temperature, and the TP concentration of ABCF (0.021 mg/L) in the effluent under the FTCs was slightly lower than that of WBCF (0.031 mg/L). The FTCs have a more significant impact on removing nitrogen pollutants in runoff, but have little effect on phosphorus. Compared with aluminum sludge, wood chips are more suitable for efficient removal of nitrogen pollutants in runoff under the FTCs. The experimental conclusions can provide a reference for the construction of bioretention cells in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhou
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Junguo Zhu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaofei Xie
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junjie Ni
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road. No.13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yanzheng Liu
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology and University of South Australia, An De College, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiangjun Wang
- Shanghai Yijing Architectural Design Co., Ltd. Xi'an Branch, Baisha Road, Yanta District No.8, Xi'an 710055, China
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5
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Weng Z, Ma H, Ma J, Kong Z, Shao Z, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Ni Q, Chai H. Corncob-pyrite bioretention system for enhanced dissolved nutrient treatment: Carbon source release and mixotrophic denitrification. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135534. [PMID: 35772517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid biomass waste amendment and substrates modification in bioretention systems have been increasingly used to achieve effective dissolved nutrients pollution control in stormwater runoff. However, the risk of excess chemical oxygen demand (COD) leaching from organic carbon sources is often overlooked on most occasions. Pyrite is an efficient electron donor for autotrophic denitrification, but little is known about the efficacy of autotrophic-heterotrophic synergistic effect between additional carbon source and pyrite in bioretention. Here, four bioretention columns (i.e., corncob column (C), pyrite column (P), the corncob-pyrite layered column (L-CP), and the corncob-pyrite mixed column (M-CP)) were designed and filled with soil, quartz sand, and modified media to reveal the synergistic effects. The results showed that the corncob-pyrite layered bioretention could maintain low COD effluent concentration with high stability and efficiency in treating dissolved nutrients. When the influent nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were 8.46 mg/L and 0.94 mg/L, the average removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, and phosphate were 83.6%, 70.52%, and 76.35%, respectively. The scouring experiment showed that placing the corncob in the mulch layer was beneficial to the sustained release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Erosion pits were found in the SEM images of used pyrite, indicating that autotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the bioretention could react with pyrite as an electron donor. The relative abundance of Thiobacillus in the submerged zone of the corncob-pyrite layered bioretention reached 38.39%, indicating that the carbon source in the mulch layer increased the relative abundance of Thiobacillus. Coexisting heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification in this bioretention created a more abundant microbial community structure in the submerged zone. Overall, the corncob-pyrite layered bioretention is highly promising for stormwater runoff treatment, with effective pollution removal and minimal COD emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshuai Weng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Haiyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jingchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zheng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Yunsong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- China Construction Installation Group Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qichang Ni
- China Construction Installation Group Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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6
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Li H, Liu Z, Tan C, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Bai X, Wu L, Yang H. Efficient nitrogen removal from stormwater runoff by bioretention system: The construction of plant carbon source-based heterotrophic and sulfur autotrophic denitrification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126803. [PMID: 35124218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant carbon source and sulfur were selected as the denitrification electron donors and filled in the internal water storage zone (IWSZ) of bioretention system to establish excellent mixotrophic denitrification system, which was beneficial to waste recycling and showed very high nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency (approximately 94%). The ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies could reach 79.41%, 85.89%, and 74.07%, respectively. Mechanism study revealed the synergistic degradation effect was existed between acetic acid released from plant carbon source and the generated sulfate, which improved the S/CH3COOH mediated nitrate nitrogen removal reactions. Autotrophic denitrification occurred mainly in the upper layer of IWSZ, and the dominant bacteria were Thiobacillus. While in the lower layer, the dominant bacteria were mainly related to organic matter utilization and heterotrophic denitrification. The abundance of narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ functional genes in the upper layer was significantly higher than the lower layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chaohong Tan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
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7
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Liu L, Wang F, Xu S, Sun W, Wang Y, Ji M. Woodchips bioretention column for stormwater treatment: Nitrogen removal performance, carbon source and microbial community analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131519. [PMID: 34329128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study chose Oak woodchips and gravel as media filter to enhance the denitrification in the bioretention system (saturated zone 7.7 L) treating synthetic stormwater runoff. It revealed that the denitrification process mainly occurred during the drying phase and enlarging volume of saturated zones to retain more stormwater during storm event was the direct method to promote nitrogen removal of the bioretention system. Nevertheless, it was noted that the nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon would be released into the effluent during the wetting period. The denitrification rate with different nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations did not show the obvious change with zero order kinetics constant of 2.91 mg/L∙d on average. Furthermore, it confirmed that woodchips were degraded and converted to volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially acetic acid as carbon source, further utilized by the denitrifying bacteria, such as Dechloromonas, Acidoborax, Pseudomonas, Denitratisoma and Acinetobacter. In addition, genera of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus, which had the ability to degrade the macromolecular organic components into low molecular VFAs, were observed in the woodchips bioretention system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Sihan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Sun
- North China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. LTD., Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Yang Wang
- North China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. LTD., Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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8
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Ma Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Shen Z. Transport process and source contribution of nitrogen in stormwater runoff from urban catchments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117824. [PMID: 34315036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen in urban stormwater has been widely studied, and effective management of nitrogen pollution is critical for improving urban stormwater and receiving water quality. This requires an in-depth understanding of the transport process and source contribution to both dissolved and particulate nitrogen in stormwater from urban catchments. In this study, 123 stormwater runoff samples were collected from an urban catchment during different rainfall events. Dissolved and particulate nitrogen concentrations in roof runoff, road runoff, and sewer flow were analyzed. The concentration of dissolved nitrogen was higher in roof runoff than in road runoff and sewer flow. However, the concentration of particulate nitrogen was lower in roof runoff than in road runoff and sewer flow. Isotopic analysis and Bayesian mixing models showed that road runoff was the largest source contributor of both nitrate and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) in sewer flow discharged from the study catchment. In addition, road runoff contributed the majority of PON associated with coarse particles (>105 μm), whereas PON associated with fine particles (<105 μm) was primarily washed-off of sewer sediments. The results provided several suggestions for the management of nitrogen pollution in urban catchments. This study could help to fully understand the transport and sources of nitrogen pollution in urban stormwater and provide recommendations to the government for implementing appropriate stormwater management strategies to minimize stormwater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Shihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer Street, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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Biswal BK, Vijayaraghavan K, Adam MG, Lee Tsen-Tieng D, Davis AP, Balasubramanian R. Biological nitrogen removal from stormwater in bioretention cells: a critical review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:713-735. [PMID: 34486441 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1969888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Excess nitrogen in stormwater degrades surface water quality via eutrophication and related processes. Bioretention has been recognized as a highly effective low-impact development (LID) technology for the management of high runoff volumes and reduction of nitrogen (N) pollutants through various mechanisms. This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of recent developments on the biological N removal processes occurring in bioretention systems. The key plant- and microbe-mediated N transformation processes include assimilation (N uptake by plants and microbes), nitrification, denitrification, and anammox (anaerobic ammonia oxidation), but denitrification is the major pathway of permanent N removal. Overall, both laboratory- and field-scale bioretention systems have demonstrated promising N removal performance (TN: >70%). The phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are the most abundant microbial communities found to be enriched in biofilter media. Furthermore, the denitrifying communities contain several functional genes (e.g., nirK/nirS, and nosZ), and their concentrations increase near the surface of media depth. The N removal effectiveness of bioretention systems is largely impacted by the hydraulics and environmental factors. When a bioretention system operates at: low hydraulic/N loading rate, containing a saturation zone, vegetated with native plants, having deeper and multilayer biofilter media with warm climate temperature and wet storm events periods, the N removal efficiency can be high. This review highlights shortcomings and current knowledge gaps in the area of total nitrogen removal using bioretention systems, as well as identifies future research directions on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuppusamy Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Max Gerrit Adam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daryl Lee Tsen-Tieng
- Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allen P Davis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rajasekhar Balasubramanian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Wang F, Wang H, Sun C, Yan Z. Conventional bioretention column with Fe-hydrochar for stormwater treatment: Nitrogen removal, nitrogen behaviour and microbial community analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125252. [PMID: 33975144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An FeCl3-modified rice husk hydrochar ('Fe-hydrochar') was used as the filler in a conventional bioretention column to remove nitrogen from synthetic stormwater. When the ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations of the influent were both 20 mg/L, the average removal rates of NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) were approximately 97% and 50%, respectively. Nitrogen was mainly removed by microbial nitrification and denitrification, with 25% of NH4-N being adsorbed by the Fe-hydrochar. The remaining NH4-N was converted into NO3-N by nitrification in the upper layer, and NO3-N was mainly converted to nitrogen gas (N2) by denitrification in the lower layer. The organic matter released by the Fe-hydrochar was degraded and used as the carbon source for denitrification. The dominant bacteria were Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Flavobacterium at the genus level. Pseudomonas and Rhizobium were responsible for heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification, while Flavobacterium was related to the degradation of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Haikang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chang Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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11
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Integrating Urban Agriculture and Stormwater Management in a Circular Economy to Enhance Ecosystem Services: Connecting the Dots. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rapid urbanization in the context of the conventional linear economy, the vulnerability of the urban ecosystem to climate change has increased. As a result, connecting urban ecosystem services of different urban land uses is imperative for urban sustainability and resilience. In conventional land use planning, urban agriculture (UA) and urban stormwater management are treated as separate economic sectors with different-disconnected-ecosystem services. Furthermore, few studies have synthesized knowledge regarding the potential impacts of integration of UA and stormwater green infrastructures (GIs) on the quantity and quality of urban ecosystem services of both economic sectors. This study provides a detailed analysis of the imperative question—how should a city integrate the developments of both urban agriculture and stormwater green infrastructure to overcome barriers while enhancing the ecosystem services? To answer this question, we conducted an extensive literature review. The results show that integrating UA with GIs can enhance urban food production while protecting urban water quality. This paper provides an initial context and mechanisms for future researchers and city planners regarding the manner in which the synergies between UA and stormwater GIs can create greater value for the wellbeing of urban ecosystems and resilience in the circular economy.
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12
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Liguori R, Rommel SH, Bengtsson-Palme J, Helmreich B, Wurzbacher C. Microbial retention and resistances in stormwater quality improvement devices treating road runoff. FEMS MICROBES 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Current knowledge about the microbial communities that occur in urban road runoff is scarce. Road runoff of trafficked roads can be heavily polluted and is treated by stormwater quality improvement devices (SQIDs). However, microbes may influence the treatment process of these devices or could lead to stress resistant opportunistic microbial strains. In this study, the microbial community in the influent, effluent and the filter materials used to remove dissolved heavy metals from two different SQIDs were analyzed to determine microbial load, retention, composition, and mobile resistance genes. Although the microbes were replaced by new taxa in the effluent, there was no major retention of microbial genera. Further, the bacterial abundance of the SQIDs effluent was relatively stable over time. The heavy metal content correlated with intl1 and with microbial genera. The filter media itself was enriched with Intl1 gene cassettes, carrying several heavy metal and multidrug resistance genes (e.g. czrA, czcA, silP, mexW and mexI), indicating that this is a hot spot for horizontal gene transfer. Overall, the results shed light on road runoff microbial communities, and pointed to distinct bacterial communities within the SQIDs, which subsequently influence the microbial community and the genes released with the treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Liguori
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro direzionale Isola –C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Steffen H Rommel
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brigitte Helmreich
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Wurzbacher
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Mai Y, Huang G. Hydrology and rainfall runoff pollutant removal performance of biochar-amended bioretention facilities based on field-scale experiments in lateritic red soil regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143252. [PMID: 33183819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention has been found to lower the effluent loads of various pollutants from rainfall runoff. However, it is still a challenge to effectively use bioretention for rainfall runoff control in lateritic red soil regions where have high rainfall intensity and low soil infiltration capacity. Hence, in this study, the hydrologic performance and rainfall runoff pollutant removal capacity of field-scale biochar-amended bioretention facilities were tested with four rainfall recurrence periods under different biochar distributions, internal water storage (IWS) zone heights, and exfiltration conditions. The results confirmed that incorporation of biochar into planting soil would improve its water content raising capacity (WCRC), especially when the biochar was uniformly mixed with the lateritic red soils. Besides, more infiltrating from the planting soil layer and higher IWS zone heights effectively enhanced WCRC of the stone chip packing layer. For runoff volume control, adding biochar and increasing the IWS zone height could effectively improve runoff volume control capacity. Besides, the unlined bioretention had a higher runoff volume control capacity than lined bioretention. Considering runoff pollutant removal performance, biochar could contribute to significantly improving the runoff pollutant event mean concentration removal rate (Rc) of nutrient pollutants (TN, NO3-N, NH3-N, and TP). The average runoff pollutant load removal rate (Rl) of different biochar distributions decreased as follows: biochar was uniformly mixed with the lateritic red soils > biochar was stratified with the lateritic red soils > biochar was excluded in the planting soil layer. The average Rc and average Rl of all pollutants except COD under different IWS zone heights decreased as follows: 40 cm > 20 cm > 0 cm. Meanwhile, the average Rl of the lined bioretention with an IWS zone height of 0 cm was lower than that of the unlined bioretention. Overall, higher rainfall recurrence periods would reduce the treatment capacity of bioretention facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yepeng Mai
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Guoru Huang
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Safety and Greenization for Water Conservancy Project, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Abstract
Bioretention is considered one of the best management practices (BMPS) for managing stormwater quality and quantity. The bioretention system has proven good performance in removing total suspended solids, oil, and heavy metals. The nitrogen (N) removal efficiency of the bioretention system is insufficient, however, due to the complex forms of nitrogen. Therefore, this paper aims to review recent enhancement approaches to nitrogen (N) removal and to discuss the factors influencing bioretention efficiency. To improve bioretention efficiency, several factors should be considered when designing bioretention systems, including nitrogen concentration, climate factors, and hydrological factors. Further, soil and plant selection should be appropriate for environmental conditions. Three design improvement approaches have been reviewed. The first is the inclusion of a saturated zone (SZ), which has been used widely. The SZ is shown to have the best performance in nitrogen removal. The second approach (which is less popular) is the usage of additives in the form of a mixture with soil media or as a separated layer. This concept is intended to be applied in tropical regions with wet soil conditions and a short dry period. The third approach combines the previous two approaches (enhanced filter media and applying a SZ). This approach is more efficient and has recently attracted more attention. This study suggests that further studies on the third approach should be carried out. Applying amendment material through filter media and integrating it with SZ provides appropriate conditions to complete the nitrogen cycle. This approach is considered a promising method to enhance nitrogen removal. In general, the bioretention system offers a promising tool for improving stormwater quality.
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Performance Evaluation of Enhanced Bioretention Systems in Removing Dissolved Nutrients in Stormwater Runoff. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention has great potential in managing and purifying urban stormwater runoff. However, information regarding the removal of nutrients in bioretention systems with the use of media, plants, and saturated areas is still limited. In this study, three devices of control, conventional bioretention (DS), and strengthened bioretention (SZ) were investigated to enhance the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. The experimental column SZ showed the best performance for total phosphorus (TP), ammonia (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal (85.6–92.4%, 83.1–92.7%, 57.1–74.1%, respectively), whereas DS columns performed poorly for NH4+-N removal (43.6–81.2%) under different conditions. For the removal of nitrate, the columns of Control and DS exhibited negative performance (−14.3% and −8.2%) in a typical event. Further evaluation of water quality revealed that in the early stages of rainfall, the effluent of the SZ column was able to reach quality standards of Grade IV for surface water in China. Moreover, although the ion-exchange and phosphate precipitation occurred on the surface of the media, which were placed in the saturation zone, it did not change the surface crystal structure.
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