1
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Liu H, Li X, Lu S, Li X, Zhang G, Feng C. Overlooked competition and promotion effects in electrochemical oxidation of humic acid and ammonia in landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134732. [PMID: 38805814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) can effectively reduce the degree of humification and toxicity of landfill leachate by generating highly active oxidative species in situ. However, the selective and competitive oxidation of humic acid (HA) and ammonia (NH4+) and the role of different oxidative species during the EO process in complex aqueous conditions remain unclear. In this study, a nanostructured tin-antimony electrode (Ti/Sb-SnO2 NFs) was prepared and compared with three types of commercial electrodes (Ti/Ir-RuO2, Ti4O7, Ti/Sb-SnO2) in terms of electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic oxidation of HA and NH4+. The de-humification capacity, interactive effects of HA and NH4+ on each other's oxidation by different oxidative species, as well as the related oxidation byproducts were investigated. The differences in pollutant electrooxidation among the different electrodes were found to be insignificant. The presence of HA was found to be detrimental to NH4+ degradation while reducing the N2 conversion rate. Interestingly, NH4+ initially inhibited the degradation rates of HA while promoted the degradation and reduced the accumulation of organic chlorine during the later EO process. A proposed mechanism accounts for both competitive and promotional effects for simultaneous HA and NH4+ oxidation during the EO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Sen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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2
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Gaur VK, Gautam K, Vishvakarma R, Sharma P, Pandey U, Srivastava JK, Varjani S, Chang JS, Ngo HH, Wong JWC. Integrating advanced techniques and machine learning for landfill leachate treatment: Addressing limitations and environmental concerns. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 354:124134. [PMID: 38734050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This review article explores the challenges associated with landfill leachate resulting from the increasing disposal of municipal solid waste in landfills and open areas. The composition of landfill leachate includes antibiotics (0.001-100 μg), heavy metals (0.001-1.4 g/L), dissolved organic and inorganic components, and xenobiotics including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (10-25 μg/L). Conventional treatment methods, such as biological (microbial and phytoremediation) and physicochemical (electrochemical and membrane-based) techniques, are available but face limitations in terms of cost, accuracy, and environmental risks. To surmount these challenges, this study advocates for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to strengthen treatment efficacy through predictive analytics and optimized operational parameters. It critically evaluates the risks posed by recalcitrant leachate components and appraises the performance of various treatment modalities, both independently and in tandem with biological and physicochemical processes. Notably, physicochemical treatments have demonstrated pollutant removal rates of up to 90% for various contaminants, while integrated biological approaches have achieved over 95% removal efficiency. However, the heterogeneous nature of solid waste composition further complicates treatment methodologies. Consequently, the integration of advanced ML algorithms such as Support Vector Regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Genetic Algorithms is proposed to refine leachate treatment processes. This review provides valuable insights for different stakeholders specifically researchers, policymakers and practitioners, seeking to fortify waste disposal infrastructure and foster sustainable landfill leachate management practices. By leveraging AI and ML tools in conjunction with a nuanced understanding of leachate complexities, a promising pathway emerges towards effectively addressing this environmental challenge while mitigating potential adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Upasana Pandey
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun-248 007, Uttarakhand, India; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW - 2007, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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3
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Zhao S, Zheng Q, Wang H, Fan X. Nitrogen in landfills: Sources, environmental impacts and novel treatment approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171725. [PMID: 38492604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) accumulation in landfills is a pressing environmental concern due to its diverse sources and significant environmental impacts. However, there is relatively limited attention and research focus on N in landfills as it is overshadowed by other more prominent pollutants. This study comprehensively examines the sources of N in landfills, including food waste contributing to 390 million tons of N annually, industrial discharges, and sewage treatment plant effluents. The environmental impacts of N in landfills are primarily manifested in N2O emissions and leachate with high N concentrations. To address these challenges, this study presents various mitigation and management strategies, including N2O reduction measures and novel NH4+ removal techniques, such as electrochemical technologies, membrane separation processes, algae-based process, and other advanced oxidation processes. However, a more in-depth understanding of the complexities of N cycling in landfills is required, due to the lack of long-term monitoring data and the presence of intricate interactions and feedback mechanisms. To ultimately achieve optimized N management and minimized adverse environmental impacts in landfill settings, future prospects should emphasize advancements in monitoring and modeling technologies, enhanced understanding of microbial ecology, implementation of circular economy principles, application of innovative treatment technologies, and comprehensive landfill design and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiteng Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
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4
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Li J, Huang C, Ye J. Pollutant transport behavior through polymer cutoff wall: Laboratory test and analytical model investigation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133367. [PMID: 38159521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polymer cutoff wall has emerged as a new and promising technology for anti-seepage and anti-pollution in geotechnical engineering. With notable advantages such as rapid sealing, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness, this technology has garnered significant attention. This study presents a systematic investigation into the transport characteristics of pollutants in polymer materials, with a specific focus on the transport mechanisms through polymer cutoff wall. The research investigates various factors that influence the pollutant transport characteristics in polymer materials. The objective is to analyze the pollutant transport behavior and obtain the transport parameters. Moreover, the study develops and solves a one-dimensional transport model incorporating partition-diffusion-partition mechanisms, aiming to determines the long-term service performance of polymer wall. These findings contribute to a better understanding of pollutant transport through polymer walls, which is crucial for the future advancement and utilization of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuhao Huang
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Francisco AP, Sganzerla WG, Nochi Castro LE, Cruz Tabosa Barroso TL, da Silva APG, da Rosa CG, Nunes MR, Forster-Carneiro T, Rostagno MA. Pressurized liquid extraction of bioactive compounds from grape peel and application in pH-sensing carboxymethyl cellulose films: A promising material to monitor the freshness of pork and milk. Food Res Int 2024; 179:114017. [PMID: 38342539 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
This study produced pH-sensing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films functionalized with bioactive compounds obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of grape peel to monitor the freshness of pork and milk. A semi-continuous PLE was conducted using hydroethanolic solution (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 5 mL/min, 15 MPa, and 60 °C. The films were produced by the casting technique using CMC (2.5 %, w/v), glycerol (1 %, v/v), and functionalized with 10, 30, and 50 % (v/v) grape peel extract. From the results obtained, LC-MS/MS revealed that PLE extracted twenty-seven phenolic compounds. The main phenolic compounds were kaempferol-3-glucoside (367.23 ± 25.88 µg/mL), prunin (270.23 ± 3.62 µg/mL), p-coumaric acid (236.43 ± 26.02 µg/mL), and procyanidin B1 (117.17 ± 7.29 µg/mL). The CMC films presented suitable color and mechanical properties for food packaging applications. The addition of grape peel extract promoted the pH-sensing property, showing the sensitivity of anthocyanins to pH changes. The films functionalized with grape peel extract presented good release control of bioactive compounds, making them suitable for food packaging applications. When applied to monitor the freshness of pork and milk, the films exhibited remarkable color changes associated with the pH of the food during storage. In conclusion, PLE is a sustainable approach to obtaining bioactive compounds from the grape peel, which can be applied in the formulation of pH-sensing films as a promising sustainable material to monitor food freshness during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Francisco
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Food Engineering (FEA), Monteiro Lobato St., 80, Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - William Gustavo Sganzerla
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Nochi Castro
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Food Engineering (FEA), Monteiro Lobato St., 80, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cleonice Gonçalves da Rosa
- University of Planalto Catarinense (UNIPLAC), Graduate Program in Environment and Health, Av. Mal. Castelo Branco, 170 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Ramos Nunes
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina (IFSC), Campus Lages, Rua Heitor Villa Lobos, 222, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Tânia Forster-Carneiro
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Food Engineering (FEA), Monteiro Lobato St., 80, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio A Rostagno
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Chen H, Xu H, Zhong C, Liu M, Yang L, He J, Sun Y, Zhao C, Wang D. Treatment of landfill leachate by coagulation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169294. [PMID: 38110093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a seriously polluted and hazardous liquid, which contains a high concentration of refractory organics, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals, inorganic salts, and various suspended solids. The favorable disposal of landfill leachate has always been a hot and challenging issue in wastewater treatment. As one of the best available technologies for landfill leachate disposal, coagulation has been studied extensively. However, there is an absence of a systematic review regarding coagulation in landfill leachate treatment. In this paper, a review focusing on the characteristics, mechanisms, and application of coagulation in landfill leachate treatment was provided. Different coagulants and factors influencing the coagulation effect were synthetically summarized. The performance of coagulation coupled with other processes and their complementary advantages were elucidated. Additionally, the economic analysis conducted in this study suggests the cost-effectiveness of the coagulation process. Based on previous studies, challenges and perspectives met by landfill leachate coagulation treatment were also put forward. Overall, this review will provide a reference for the coagulation treatment of landfill leachate and promote the development of efficient and eco-friendly leachate treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongni Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Carbon Neutralization, School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiaojie He
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Bagastyo AY, Sidik F, Anggrainy AD, Lin JL, Direstiyani LC, Nurhayati E. Simultaneous removal of organic and nitrogenous compounds in mature landfill leachate by a hybrid electro-oxidation-dialysis (EOD) system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:867-879. [PMID: 36169980 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical process has been widely applied to eliminate recalcitrant contaminants (i.e., organic and nitrogenous compounds) in landfill leachate. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a hybrid electro-oxidation-dialysis (EOD) system to minimize organic and nitrogenous compounds through a synergistic process of electrochemical oxidation (EO) and electrodialysis (ED) as well as the dissolved organic matter was characterized in terms of fluorescent component and molecular weight distribution. The EOD was carried out using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and Pt alternately. The results have shown that pH adjustment to acidic conditions is beneficial to EO. At optimal pH (pH 4), BDD-based EO is superior to removing COD and NH 4 + up to around 56% and 64%, respectively. During EOD process, the lower current density at 20.83 mA cm-2 is preferred for the recovery of nitrogenous ions (i.e. NH 4 + and NO 3 - ), especially for BDD-EOD. In addition, the dominant humic acid-like (HAL) and soluble microbial products-like (SMPL) substances in the mature leachate are mostly degraded to smaller molecules from 105 Da to 103 Da in both EOD processes. Overall, BDD-EOD favours indirect oxidation and has a higher energy consumption efficiency than Pt-EOD induced by direct oxidation for simultaneous removal of organic and nitrogenous compounds. BDD-EOD requires a lower total operation cost of around $2.33/m3 compared to Pt-EOD. It is concluded that the hybrid BDD-EOD process is technically feasible as a powerful pre-treatment approach to mature landfill leachate for refractory organics degradation and nitrogenous nutrients recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseto Yekti Bagastyo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fahrudin Sidik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Anita Dwi Anggrainy
- Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Jr-Lin Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lucky Caesar Direstiyani
- Environmental Engineering Study Program, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Ervin Nurhayati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
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8
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Hu P, Li H, Tan Y, Adeleye AS, Hao T. Enhanced electrochemical treatment of humic acids and metal ions in leachate concentrate: Experimental and molecular mechanism investigations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132774. [PMID: 37839382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies are effective for treating leachate, but they generate leachate concentrates (LCs), which contain elevated humic acids (HAs) and metals. LCs are very challenging and expensive to treat; but in-situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation (CO-EO) treatment is promising. We previously hypothesized and proved that substituting the widely used graphite cathode with an Al cathode will generate Al(OH)3 floccules that would enhance HAs removal in CO-EO systems. However, the fundamental mechanisms are unclear. Here, we examined this hypothesis using laboratory experiments (using an Al cathode and a Ti/Ti4O7 anode CO-EO system) and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Up to 84.2% HAs was removed by the Al-cathode system, which is ∼10% higher than a graphite cathode-based system. Based on MD simulation we found that enhanced HAs removal occurred via two steps: (1) degradation by oxidants produced at the anode, and (2) subsequent coagulation with the Al(OH)3 generated from the Al cathode. This finding challenges the current belief that whole HAs and Al(OH)3 directly flocculate. Meanwhile, metal removal efficiency by the graphite cathode system was only 0.8-13.9%, which increased up to 13-folds at most when in the Al cathode system. This work provides new molecular-level insights into an efficient electrochemical treatment of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Huankai Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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9
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Ma D, Wang D, Wang X, Wang Q, Hu Y. Efficient treatment of old landfill leachate by peroxodisulfate assisted electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation combined system. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140675. [PMID: 37949190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium-N (NH4+-N) is the key issue for treatment of old landfill leachate. In this study, a peroxodisulfate assisted electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation coupled system (POCS) adopting Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/TiO2 and Fe dual-anode was constructed for synergistic removal of COD and NH4+-N in old landfill leachate. Laboratory experiment results showed that with current density of 20 mA cm-2, initial pH value of 8.0 and peroxodisulfate (PDS) concentration of 60 mM, the POCS system can reach removal efficiencies of 84.2% for COD and 39.8% for NH4+-N. The POCS effectively reduced the complexity of macromolecular organics and avoided the need to add acid or base to adjust pH value. The residual NH4+-N could be effectively recovered through struvite precipitation with a 93.8% purity of the precipitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxun Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control &Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, 435002, PR China.
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- Nankong Environmental Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Qianjiang, Hubei, 433100, PR China
| | - Qiuwei Wang
- Nankong Environmental Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Qianjiang, Hubei, 433100, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control &Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, 435002, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435003, PR China
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10
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López-Borrell A, Lora-García J, Fombuena V, Cardona SC, López-Pérez MF. Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Fabrics for the Treatment of Complex Wastes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:84. [PMID: 38201749 PMCID: PMC10780343 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, nine fabrics have been tested for brackish water treatment with the aim of industrial application under the concept of zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Moisture content was determined, where it was observed that the lignocellulosic fabrics had a moisture content ranging from 2.5 to 8.5%. The wetting contact angle showed that the flax with polylactic acid (LPLA) was the most hydrophobic. The determination of the liquid absorption capacity showed that, of the synthetic fabrics, the one with the highest absorption, both in distilled water and in brackish water, was the polyester (PES) fabric with an absorption of 816% compared to its initial weight. In the natural fabrics, the highest absorption capacity was shown by the wet-laid without treatment (WL-WT) fabric for both distilled water and brackish water, although it required several cycles of operation to maintain this stable absorption. Exposure to brackish water improved the absorption capacity of all samples. Mechanical and thermal characterization showed that the synthetic fabrics were more resistant than the natural fabrics, although they may compete in terms of applicability. The capillarity study showed that the most hydrophilic fabrics completed the test the fastest. Finally, the composting degradation test showed that those fabrics with polylactic acid (PLA) content degraded faster in the first 14 days and thereafter the degradation of the lignocellulosic content showed a slower degradation until 112 days. The Bam fabric did not degrade during the course of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis López-Borrell
- Instituto de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell, s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.L.-G.); (S.C.C.); (M.-F.L.-P.)
| | - Jaime Lora-García
- Instituto de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell, s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.L.-G.); (S.C.C.); (M.-F.L.-P.)
| | - Vicent Fombuena
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Salvador C. Cardona
- Instituto de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell, s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.L.-G.); (S.C.C.); (M.-F.L.-P.)
| | - María-Fernanda López-Pérez
- Instituto de Seguridad Industrial, Radiofísica y Medioambiental (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell, s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.L.-G.); (S.C.C.); (M.-F.L.-P.)
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11
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Liu J, Kua HW, Wang CH, Tong YW, Zhang J, Peng Y. Improving urban ecosystem holistic sustainability of municipal solid waste-to-energy strategy using extended exergy accounting analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166730. [PMID: 37659547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Waste-to-energy technologies play a crucial role in integrated waste management strategies to reduce waste mass and volume, disinfect the waste, and recover energy; different technologies have advantages and disadvantages in treating municipal solid waste under urban conditions. This paper applies the extended exergy accounting method to develop an analytical framework to identify the optimal waste-to-energy strategy from an urban ecosystem holistic sustainability perspective. In the analytical framework, urban ecosystem costs and revenues are formulated as a multi-criteria cost-benefit quantitative model. The urban ecosystem cost is divided into five categories, and the urban ecosystem revenues consist of direct and indirect parts. The direct part is the chemical exergy of the waste-to-energy plants produced product, and the indirect part includes equivalent exergy content of power generation substitution, human health risk elimination, disamenity impact removal and environmental degradation avoidance. Proposing an indicator system to evaluate the waste-to-energy strategy impact on the sustainability of the urban ecosystems and social, economic and environmental sub-ecosystem. Detailed analysis of food waste treatment scenarios of a food center in Singapore was done as a case study to illustrate this analytical framework. Base scenario is current practice that food waste disposal in incineration plant. Anaerobic digestion and gasification are proposed as potential technological solutions for on-site food waste treatment in scenario I and II respectively. In different scenarios, the urban ecosystem costs are estimated to be 71,536.01, 61,854.87 and 74,190.34MJ/year respectively, and the urban ecosystem revenues are estimated to be 135,312.66, 405,442.53 and 298,426.81MJ/year respectively. We show that the scenario where food waste is treated by anaerobic digestion outperforms both the base scenario and scenario II in terms of urban ecosystem costs and revenues, technical energy conversion efficiency, contribution to urban ecosystem holistic sustainability, and natural, social, and economic subsystems improvement, making it the optimal municipal solid waste-to-energy strategy choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Harn Wei Kua
- Department of the Built Environment, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566, Singapore.
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 138602, China
| | - Yinghong Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
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12
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Ishaq A, Said MIM, Azman SB, Dandajeh AA, Lemar GS, Jagun ZT. Utilization of microbial fuel cells as a dual approach for landfill leachate treatment and power production: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30841-w. [PMID: 38012494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate, which is a complicated organic sewage water, presents substantial dangers to human health and the environment if not properly handled. Electrochemical technology has arisen as a promising strategy for effectively mitigating contaminants in landfill leachate. In this comprehensive review, we explore various theoretical and practical aspects of methods for treating landfill leachate. This exploration includes examining their performance, mechanisms, applications, associated challenges, existing issues, and potential strategies for enhancement, particularly in terms of cost-effectiveness. In addition, this critique provides a comparative investigation between these treatment approaches and the utilization of diverse kinds of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in terms of their effectiveness in treating landfill leachate and generating power. The examination of these technologies also extends to their use in diverse global contexts, providing insights into operational parameters and regional variations. This extensive assessment serves the primary goal of assisting researchers in understanding the optimal methods for treating landfill leachate and comparing them to different types of MFCs. It offers a valuable resource for the large-scale design and implementation of processes that ensure both the safe treatment of landfill leachate and the generation of electricity. The review not only provides an overview of the current state of landfill leachate treatment but also identifies key challenges and sets the stage for future research directions, ultimately contributing to more sustainable and effective solutions in the management of this critical environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Ishaq
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Ismid Mohd Said
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Shamila Binti Azman
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Aliyu Adamu Dandajeh
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Gul Sanga Lemar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kabul University, Jamal Mina, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, Kabul University, Kart-e-Char, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Zainab Toyin Jagun
- Department of Real Estate, School of Built Environment Engineering and Computing, Leeds Beckett University, City Campus, Leeds, UK.
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13
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Nidheesh PV, Murshid A, Chanikya P. Combination of electrochemically activated persulfate process and electro-coagulation for the treatment of municipal landfill leachate with low biodegradability. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139449. [PMID: 37437613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
To handle complex wastewater with limited biodegradability, hybrid treatment systems are necessary. The current study represents the combined effectiveness of sulfate-radical associated electro-chemical advanced oxidation process (SR-EAOP) and electro-coagulation (EC) for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. For SR-EAOP, Pt/Ti was employed as the anode and an iron plate as the cathode; while EC treatment was performed by switching the polarity. Hence, both electrochemical treatment was carried out in single reactor. Initially, the effects of pH, applied voltage, persulfate and Fe2+ dosage, on the performance of SR-EAOP was examined. Sulfate radical was generated in the electrolytic system via cathodic reduction of persulfate (PS) and ferrous (Fe2+) ion activation. Auxiliary processes such as anodic oxidation via Pt/Ti anode and indirect electro-chemical oxidation were also contributed for pollutant degradation. Combined process SR-EAOP followed by EC (SR-EAOP + EC) has better leachate treatment efficacy in comparison with EC + SR-EAOPs. The SR-EAOP + EC based combined treatment mechanism achieved an efficient COD reduction of 88.67% than that of EC + SR - EAOP process (74.51% COD reduction). Characterization studies have been carried out for post-treated dried-sludge using Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The combined process treatment (SR-EAOP + EC) can be applied as pre-treatment for leachate decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - A Murshid
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - P Chanikya
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India
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14
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Peng Q, Lü X, Ou J, Zhou Y, Xu T, Hu B, Yu G, Zhu C, Xie Z. Study on removal of phosphorus and COD in wastewater by sinusoidal AC Fenton oxidation-coagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3382-3392. [PMID: 35332842 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2058423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to treat domestic wastewater containing phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the new technology of Sinusoidal Alternating Current (AC) Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation (SACFOC) was used to improve the removal efficiency (Re) and reduce energy consumption (EEC). The morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure and functional groups of the sludge were characterised by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that total phosphorus removal efficiency {Re(TP)} and removal efficiency of organic matter {Re(COD)} can reach 97.56% and 87.77%, respectively, but EEC is only 0.09 kWh·m-3 under the optimum conditions of pH0 = 3, current density (j) = 0.5 A·m-2, c0(TP) = 18 mg·dm-3, c0(COD) = 300 mg·dm-3, c0(H2O2) = 0.06 mol·dm-3, t = 45 min. As compared with direct current (DC) Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation (DCFOC), the COD removal efficiency of SACFOC treatment was improved by 37%, but the energy consumption was reduced by 45%. The degradation process of total phosphorus and COD by SACFOC abides by the quasi-first-order kinetic model. The process of SACFOC includes double effects of electrocoagulation of iron sol by electrolysis and degrade COD by oxidation of formed hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in wastewater, which improves removal efficiency of total phosphorus and COD in wastewater. Our research findings will provide technical guidance and a theoretical basis for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater containing phosphorus and COD applying SACFOC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliu Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- Aerospace kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
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15
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Song Z, Sun F, Xing D, Liao R, Zhang X, Wang M, Su X, Wen Z, Dong W. Integrating electrochemical pre-treatment with carrier-based membrane bioreactor for efficient treatment of municipal waste transfer stations leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:129003. [PMID: 37019412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An integrated process of electrochemical pre-treatment with carrier-based membrane bioreactor (MBR) was constructed for fresh leachate from waste transfer stations with high organic and NH4+-N content. Results showed that within a hydraulic retention time 40 h, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) were over 98.5%, 91.2%, 98.3% and 98.4%, respectively, with the organic removal rate of 18.7 kg/m3. The effluent met the Grade A Standard of China (GB/T31962-2015). Pre-treatment contributed about 70 % of the degraded refractory organics and almost all the SS, with the transformation of the humic-like acid to readily biodegradable organics. Biotreatment further removed over 50% of nitrogen pollutants through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) and consumed about 30% of organics. Meanwhile, the addition of carriers in the oxic MBR enhanced the attached biomass and denitrification enzyme activity, alleviating membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dingyu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Joint Laboratory of Urban High Strength Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Runfeng Liao
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Joint Laboratory of Urban High Strength Wastewater Treatment and Resource Utilization, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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16
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Jiang BC, Tian YC, Li AM, Han YZ, Wu ZT, Lu C, Song HO, Ji R, Li WT, Korshin GV. Changes of dissolved organic matter fractions and formation of oxidation byproducts during electrochemical treatment of landfill leachates: Development of spectroscopic indicators for process optimization. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119702. [PMID: 36758356 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is an attractive option for treatment of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill leachate but concerns remain over the energy efficiency and formation of oxidation byproducts ClO3- and ClO4-. In this study, EO treatment of landfill leachates was carried out using representative active and nonactive anode materials, cell configurations and current densities. Size exclusion chromatograms coupled with 2D synchronous and asynchronous correlation analysis showed that the sensitivity of DOM fractions to EO degradation was dependent on the anode material. The nonactive boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode demonstrated the best performance for DOM oxidation. The humic acid-like fraction (HA, 2.5-20 kDa) predominated the visible absorbance of landfill leachates at λ ≥400 nm, and it generally had the highest reaction rates except the occurrence of the pH-induced denaturation and precipitation of the proteinaceous biopolymer fraction (BP, >20 kDa). During the EO treatment of landfill leachate with BDD anode, the UV absorbance spectra of landfill leachates at wavelengths <400 nm were affected by the formation of free chlorine. Instead, the decrease of Abs420 was found to be a good indicator of the shift of the oxidation from predominantly HA fraction to the proteinaceous BP fraction. The behavior of the Abs420 parameter was also indicative of the transition from the energy-efficient oxidation of DOM to the dominance of side reactions of chlorine evolution and the subsequent formation of ClO3- and ClO4-. These findings suggest that the EO treatment of landfill leachate can be optimized by adjusting the current density with feedback signals from the online monitoring of Abs420, to achieve a trade-off between degradation of DOM and control of ClO3- and ClO4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Cun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing Innovation Center for Environmental Protection Industry Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 211102, PR China
| | - Ye-Chao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ze Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ze-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hai-Ou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA
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17
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Mohanty SS, Vyas S, Koul Y, Prajapati P, Varjani S, Chang JS, Bilal M, Moustakas K, Show PL, Vithanage M. Tricks and tracks in waste management with a special focus on municipal landfill leachate: Leads and obstacles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160377. [PMID: 36414054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most widely used disposal method for municipal solid waste around the world. The main disadvantage of this strategy is formation of leachate, among other aspects. Landfill leachate contains highly toxic and bio-refractory substances that are detrimental to the environment and human health. Hence, the risk(s) of discharging potentially harmful landfill leachate into the environment need to be assessed and measured in order to make effective choices about landfill leachate management and treatment. In view of this, the present review aims to investigate (a) how landfill leachate is perceived as an emerging concern, and (b) the stakeholders' mid- to long-term policy priorities for implementing technological and integrative solutions to reduce the harmful effects of landfill leachate. Because traditional methods alone have been reported ineffective, and in response to emerging contaminants and stringent regulations, new effective and integrated leachate treatments have been developed. This study gives a forward-thinking of the accomplishments and challenges in landfill leachate treatment during the last decade. It also provides a comprehensive compilation of the formation and characterization of landfill leachate, the geo-environmental challenges that it raises, as well as the resource recovery and industrial linkage associated with it in order to provide an insight into its sustainable management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayansu Sabyasachi Mohanty
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India; Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Shaili Vyas
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India; Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382015, India
| | - Yamini Koul
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India; Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Priya Prajapati
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India; Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382015, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60695 Poznan, Poland
| | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Unit of Environmental Science & Technology, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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18
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He H, Zhang C, Yang X, Huang B, Zhe J, Lai C, Liao Z, Pan X. The efficient treatment of mature landfill leachate using tower bipolar electrode flocculation-oxidation combined with electrochemical biofilm reactors. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119544. [PMID: 36603307 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mature landfill leachate contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds that inhibit the performance of conventional biological treatment. Nowadays, few single treatment techniques could fulfill the requirements of cleaning mature landfill leachate. In this study, a tower bipolar electrode flocculation-oxidation (BEF-O) reactor and an electrochemical biofilm reactor (EBR) combine device was constructed to effectively treat mature landfill leachate. And the removal efficiency and mechanism of various pollutants using the BEF-O reactor were investigated. The BEF-O system with the current density of 100 mA/cm2 shows excellent treatment efficiency, which can roundly remove most pollutants (NH4+-N, COD and heavy metals, etc.), and increase the bioavailability of the effluent to facilitate subsequent EBR treatment. Benefiting from the metabolic stimulation and population selection effect of electric current on microorganisms, EBR has a denser biofilm, stronger anti-pollution load capacity, superior, and stable pollution treatment efficiency. More importantly, the combined device can reduce the concentrations of COD and NH4+-N from 6410 to 338 mg/L and 4065 to 4 mg/L, respectively, and has an economical energy consumption of 32.02 kWh/(kg COD) and 54.04 kWh/ (kg NH4+-N). To summarize, this research could provide an innovative and industrial application prospect technology for the mature landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jiangyun Zhe
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China
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19
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Zhang S, Tan M, Du S, Leng W, Wu D. Base-metal oxide semiconductor electrodes for PPCP degradation: Ti-doped α-Fe 2O 3 for sulfosalicylic acid oxidation as an example. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137354. [PMID: 36435321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfosalicylic acid is a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product with high toxicity, environmental persistence, and low biodegradability. Electrochemical oxidation has been demonstrated to be a promising way for hazardous organics treatment, but it is severely limited by the high cost and resource shortage of electrode materials. Base-metal oxide semiconductor anodes have the merits of low cost, diversity, and tunable energy levels for charge transfer, and thus may be alternatives to the electrodes for wastewater treatment. Herein, we found that Ti-doped α-Fe2O3, as an example, could be efficient for sulfosalicylic acid oxidation, reaching comparable faraday efficiency of sulfosalicylic acid to that of the boron-doped diamond electrode. Ti-doped electrodes exhibited both higher removal rates and current efficiency compared to the undoped. This could be mainly ascribed to the enhanced charge transfer rate constant. Kinetic analysis shows that the apparent reaction order, in terms of sulfosalicylic acid in bulk solution, depended on applied potential and pollutant concentration. Mechanism study shows that the oxidation of sulfosalicylic acid was mainly through indirect pathway. Moreover, the oxidation products were determined and the oxidation mechanism was proposed. This study may open a door to employ base-metal oxide semiconductor anodes for the efficient treatment of organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengyu Tan
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuwen Du
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenhua Leng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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20
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Nabi M, Gao D, Liang H, Cheng L, Yang W, Li Y. Landfill leachate treatment by graphite engineered anaerobic membrane bioreactor: Performance enhancement and membrane fouling mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114010. [PMID: 35921906 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low efficiency of anaerobic digestion and membrane fouling, treating landfill leachate, are big barriers in the application of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). Anaerobic digestion enhancement and membrane fouling mitigation of AnMBR with graphite addition, treating landfill leachate, were investigated in this study. The effect of graphite on organics removal, biogas production, methane content in biogas, membrane fouling, microbial responses and foulant compositions were analyzed. With the graphite addition, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 78% was achieved for influent COD concentration of 3000 mg/l, which was significantly higher than the stage without graphite addition (65%) for influent COD concentration of 2000 mg/l. Similarly, methane content in biogas with graphite addition was 56%, while without graphite addition it was 46%. These digestion improvements were due to the promotion of organics degradation, facilitated by direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) mechanism via graphite addition in AnMBR. The graphite addition prolonged membrane cleaning cycle from 13 days to 30 days. Protein content in loosely bound extracellular polymeric substance (LB-EPS) was the main fouling agent, which decreased with the graphite addition. The main mechanism behind membrane fouling mitigation was the protein content reduction in LB-EPS, which was biodegraded by Trichococcus being increased in relative abundance with the graphite addition. Furthermore, abundance of Denitratisoma decreased in anaerobic sludge and its accumulation reduced on membrane surface, subsequently membrane fouling was mitigated. Overall, graphite addition in AnMBR is a potential eco-innovative approach that efficiently removes pollutants from landfill leachate, enhances biogas quality and mitigates membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nabi
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lang Cheng
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
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21
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Yang K, Lin H, Feng X, Jiang J, Ma J, Yang Z. Energy-efficient removal of trace antibiotics from low-conductivity water using a Ti 4O 7 reactive electrochemical ceramic membrane: Matrix effects and implications for byproduct formation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119047. [PMID: 36103779 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inevitably high energy consumption of traditional electrochemical processes to treat low-conductivity water has limited their wider application. Herein, we present an energy-efficient alternative, i.e., a Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical ceramic membrane (Ti4O7-REM) system with a superior mass transfer ability. For the removal of 10-200 μM norfloxacin (NOR) from low-conductivity (178-832 μS cm-1) water, the Ti4O7-REM system increased the kinetics rate constant by 4.3-34.0 times, thus decreasing the energy cost by 80.5-97.3% compared with a flow-by system. The rapid NOR removal was related to the enhanced direct electron transfer process in the Ti4O7-REM system, which allowed for higher resistance to HCO3- scavenging and a favorable reaction between NOR and the active sites. Meanwhile, this mechanism likely contributed to the less formation of inorganic chlorinated product, ClO3-, in the presence of Cl-. Although organic chlorinated byproducts were not detected during NOR degradation in the Ti4O7-REM system, Cl- influenced the speciation of the intermediates. A single-pass Ti4O7-REM system demonstrated 94-97% removal of trace antibiotics from real water samples in 30 s. The additional energy consumption (<0.02 kWh m-3) using a Ti4O7-REM system only contributed to 5.0-6.4% of the total in a typical tertiary wastewater treatment plant. Based on the above results, we can conclude that the convection-enhanced REM technique is viable for the purification of low-conductivity natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xingwei Feng
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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22
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Wilk BK, Szopińska M, Sobaszek M, Pierpaoli M, Błaszczyk A, Luczkiewicz A, Fudala-Ksiazek S. Electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachate using boron-doped diamond anodes: pollution degradation rate, energy efficiency and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65625-65641. [PMID: 35501433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO), due to high efficiency and small carbon footprint, is regarded as an attractive option for on-site treatment of highly contaminated wastewater. This work shows the effectiveness of EO using three boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDs) in sustainable management of landfill leachate (LL). The effect of the applied current density (25-100 mA cm-2) and boron doping concentration (B/C ratio: 500 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 15,000 ppm) on the performance of EO was investigated. It was found that, of the electrodes used, the one most effective at COD, BOD20 and ammonia removal (97.1%, 98.8% and 62%, respectively) was the electrode with the lowest boron doping. Then, to better elucidate the ecological role of LLs, before and after EO, cultivation of faecal bacteria and microscopic analysis of total (prokaryotic) cell number, together with ecotoxicity assay (Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia salina) were combined for the two better-performing electrodes. The EO process was very effective at bacterial cell inactivation using each of the two anodes, even within 2 h of contact time. In a complex matrix of LLs, this is probably a combined effect of electrogenerated oxidants (hydroxyl radicals, active chlorine and sulphate radicals), which may penetrate into the bacterial cells and/or react with cellular components. The toxicity of EO-treated LLs proved to be lower than that of raw ones. Since toxicity drops with increased boron doping, it is believed that appropriate electrolysis parameters can diminish the toxicity effect without compromising the nutrient-removal and disinfection capability, although salinity of LLs and related multistep-oxidation pathways needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krystyna Wilk
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Sobaszek
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Aneta Luczkiewicz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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23
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Song K, Ren X, Zhang Q, Xu L, Liu D. Electrochemical treatment for leachate membrane retentate: Performance comparison of electrochemical oxidation and electro-coagulation technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134986. [PMID: 35609668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of membrane in advanced treatment of leachate, China produces a large amount of leachate membrane retentate (LMR) (≈23.4 million tons) annually, which is usually treated by incineration or recirculation in engineering, but these technologies have many drawbacks. LMR is suitable for electrochemical treatment due to its high electrical conductivity. This study compared the performances of electrochemical oxidation (EO) and electro-coagulation (EC) technology on LMR treatment under different experimental conditions, including anode material, current density, initial pH and reaction time. We found that EO optimal conditions achieved 70.1%, 83.1%, 78.7%, 98.7%, and 69.7% removal of total organic carbon (TOC), UV absorption (at 254 nm), chromaticity, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total nitrogen (TN), respectively. Compared with EO, EC exhibited a similar removal ability for orgainics and better removals of chroma, but much less performance for removing nitrogen pollutants in the same reaction time, that is, removals of NH3-N and TN were only 31.5% and 36.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, EC showed much higher instantaneous current efficiency of COD than EO under its optimal reaction time (120 min). In addition, the UV-Vis spectra and 3D fluorescence spectra indicated that EO exhibited relatively outstanding performance in decomposing dissolved organic matter (DOM) with rather complicated structures than EC. Also, the flow field-flow fractionation technique demonstrated that EO preferentially destroy humic-like, large molecular weight DOM, and converting them to smaller molecules, which resulted in more volatile organic compounds in EO samples than EC samples. While EC had little selectivity in the removal of organics, except humic-like DOM with relative small molecular. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for the electrochemical treatment of LMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, NO.111, North Section 1, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of City Solid Waste Energy and Buliding Materials Conversion and Utilization Technology, Chengdu University, Chengdu, NO. 2025, Chengluo Road, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xu Ren
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of City Solid Waste Energy and Buliding Materials Conversion and Utilization Technology, Chengdu University, Chengdu, NO. 2025, Chengluo Road, Chengdu, 610106, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Haitian Water Group CO., Ltd, AVIC International Exchange Center, North Section of Yizhou Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of City Solid Waste Energy and Buliding Materials Conversion and Utilization Technology, Chengdu University, Chengdu, NO. 2025, Chengluo Road, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Linghan Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of City Solid Waste Energy and Buliding Materials Conversion and Utilization Technology, Chengdu University, Chengdu, NO. 2025, Chengluo Road, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, NO.111, North Section 1, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, China
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24
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Ye Z, Miao F, Zhang H. Performance investigation of electrochemical assisted HClO/Fe 2+ process for the treatment of landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:46875-46884. [PMID: 35169949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) from landfill leachate by an electrochemical assisted HClO/Fe2+ process is demonstrated for the first time. The performance of active chlorine generation at the anode was evaluated in Na2SO4/NaCl media, and a higher amount of active chlorine was produced at greater chloride concentration and higher current density. The probe experiments confirmed the coexistence of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and Fe(IV)-oxo complex (FeIVO2+) in the HClO/Fe2+ system. The influence of initial pH, Fe2+ concentration, and applied current density on COD and NH4+-N abatement was elaborately investigated. The optimum pH was found to be 3.0, and the proper increase in Fe2+ dosage and current density resulted in higher COD removal due to the accelerated accumulation of •OH and FeIVO2+ in the bulk liquid phase, whereas, the NH4+-N oxidation was significantly affected by the applied current density because of the effective active chlorine generation at higher current but was nearly independent of Fe2+ concentration. The reaction mechanism of electrochemical assisted HClO/Fe2+ treatment of landfill leachate was finally proposed. The powerful •OH and FeIVO2+, in concomitance with active chlorine and M(•OH), were responsible for COD abatement, and active chlorine played a key role in NH4+-N oxidation. The proposed electrochemical assisted HClO/Fe2+ process is a promising alternative for the treatment of refractory landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ye
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Fei Miao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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25
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Ozay Y, Dizge N. The effect of pre-treatment methods on membrane flux, COD, and total phenol removal efficiencies for membrane treatment of pistachio wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114762. [PMID: 35220102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of pre-treatment methods was investigated for membrane treatment of pistachio processing wastewater (PPW). Chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and electrooxidation processes were tested as the pretreatment methods to understand the effect of pretreatment on membrane performance. Alum (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O), iron (III) chloride (FeCl3·6H2O) and iron(II) sulfate (Fe(SO4)·7H2O) were used as coagulant and anionic polyelectrolyte was used as flocculant. Al-Al and Fe-Fe electrode pairs were used in the electrocoagulation experiments while platinum (Pt), boron doped diamond (BDD), and graphite were used in the electrooxidation experiments. UP150, NF270, and NF90 were used as the membranes. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol removal efficiencies from wastewater were determined by considering membrane flux. For chemical coagulation experiments, the highest COD removal efficiency was determined as 44.9% for Al2(SO4)3.18H2O at 1000 mg/L when the wastewater pH value was 8.0. However, the highest total phenol removal efficiencies were obtined as 62.5% at 4000 mg/L for FeCl3.6H2O at pH 8. For electrocoagulation experiments, the highest COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 63.9% at pH 4.0 and 74.2% at pH 7.0, respectively, for 100 A/m2 current density when aluminum electrode pairs were used. For electrooxidation experiments, the highest COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 61.2% at pH 4.0 and 83.1% at pH 10, respectively, for 200 A/m2 current density when BDD-Pt electrode pairs were used. Raw PPW and pre-treated PPW with chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and electrooxidation processes were progressively further treated with ultrafiltration (UP150) and nanofiltration (NF270, NF90) membranes to improve COD and total phenol removal efficiencies. The results showed that the permeate of NF90 membrane supplied the highest COD (96.0%) and total phenol removal (97.5%) efficiencies for the raw wastewater. However, COD and total phenol removal efficiencies were determined as 98.6% and 100% for electrocoagulation + NF90, 97.9% and 100% for electrooxidation + NF90, 96.6% and 100% for chemical coagulation + NF90, respectively. The steady-state fluxes for NF90 membranes were 2.9, 7.0, and 8.6 L/m2h after chemical coagulation, electrooxidation, and electrocoagulation, respectively. The results depicted that electrocoagulation and electrooxidation were the most suitable pre-treatment methods for water recovery using NF90 membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Ozay
- Tarsus University, Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, 33400, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Mersin University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.
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26
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Three-Phase Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Process for Efficient Treatment of Greywater. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050514. [PMID: 35629840 PMCID: PMC9143647 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water shortages around the world have intensified the search for substitute sources. Greywater can serve as a solution for water requirements. Compared to two-dimensional electrochemical processes for water treatment, the addition of particle activated carbon enhances the conductivity and mass transfer or the adsorption of pollutants in a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical process. The large specific surface areas of these particles can provide more reactive sites, resulting in a higher removal efficiency. In this study, the treatment of greywater by the electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) method was carried out in a 3D electrolytic reactor. The effects of the operating conditions, such as electrode spacing, applied voltage, treatment time, and activated carbon loading, on the efficacy of the E-Fenton process were investigated, and the corresponding optimum conditions were found to be 7 cm, 9 V, 2 h, and 10 g. The results showed that CODCr removal of greywater treated using the 3D electrochemical process was 85%. With the help of the Box–Behnken experiment design and the response surface methodology, the parameters were optimized to determine the optimal conditions. The results of the response surface analysis were consistent with the experimental results. The above findings illustrate that the proposed three-phase 3D electrochemical process is feasible for the efficient treatment of greywater.
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27
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Polatidou E, Azis K, Polatides C, Remmas N, Ntougias S, Melidis P. Evaluation of electrochemical and O 3/UV/H 2O 2 methods at various combinations during treatment of mature landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:298-305. [PMID: 35389824 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2060022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, electrochemical treatment and application of O3/UV/H2O2 in various combinations were evaluated in respect to their efficiency to depurate mature landfill leachate. Based on preliminary experiments, electrochemical treatment using stainless-steel electrodes at 2 cm gap was performed optimally at 50 mA/cm2 and pH 6, while application of O3 at 120 L/h, UV at 991 J/cm2 and H2O2 concentration of 1 g/L was carried out. Electrochemical treatment and O3/UV/H2O2 under optimal conditions were applied as follows: I) electrochemical treatment, followed by O3/UV/H2O2 and solids precipitation, II) electrochemical treatment, followed by precipitation and then by O3/UV/H2O2 treatment, and III) O3/UV/H2O2, followed by electrochemical treatment. A low performance was observed when O3/UV/H2O2 preceding electrochemical treatment. Solids, TKN and total COD (tCON) removal was primarily achieved through electrocoagulation, whereas color and soluble COD (sCOD) reduction was mainly attributed to electrochemical oxidation. Experimental setup I was the most efficient treatment scheme, resulting in tCOD, sCOD, TKN, TSS, SACUV254nm and color number reduction of 73%, 80%, 76%, 79%, 94% and 98%, respectively. Indeed, O3/UV/H2O2 step could be omitted since its effectiveness was restricted during landfill leachate treatment. In conclusion, electrochemical treatment followed by precipitation could result in effective reduction of nutrients and color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Electra Polatidou
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Azis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Christos Polatides
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Remmas
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
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28
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Choudhury MR, Rajagopal R, Meertens W, Rahaman MS. Nitrogen and organic load removal from anaerobically digested leachate using a hybrid electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114761. [PMID: 35276557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of an integrated electrochemical process, which simultaneously utilizes electro-oxidation (EO) and electro-coagulation (EC) methods while removing organic and nitrogen loads from high-strength leachate obtained from anaerobic digesters. A bipolar arrangement of the aluminum electrode, sandwiched between a monopolar boron-doped diamond anode and stainless-steel cathode, integrates EC and EO into a single reactor. This arrangement demonstrated an enhancement of 33%, 27%, and 24% in removal capacity for ammonia nitrogen (AN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total nitrogen, respectively, when compared to just EO at 0.8 A current intensity after 24 h. Increasing the current intensity from 0.4 A to 1.0 A enhanced the organic nitrogen and AN removal. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) exhibited initial faster removal kinetics with higher current intensities and eventually reached 95%-98% removal for intensities of 0.6 A or higher. Additional removal for AN, TKN were also observed with increasing current intensity. Lowering the pH further expedited the COD removal kinetics. Reducing and maintaining the pH at 4, 6, and 8 by dosing of hydrochloric acid (HCl) resulted in the 100% removal of AN and TKN from the integrated system in 6, 8, and 20 h, respectively. Accelerated removal of COD and the enhanced removal of AN and TKN through pH control could be linked to the formation of active chlorine species in bulk solution. The integrated system offered lower energy consumption than EO due to oxidation on the additional anodic surface of the bipolar electrode, as well as the adsorption-precipitation of contaminants in aluminum flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbuboor Rahman Choudhury
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Ave, The Bronx, NY, 10463, United States
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Wesley Meertens
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Md Saifur Rahaman
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, H3C 3A7, QC, Canada.
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29
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Yu D, Pei Y, Ji Z, He X, Yao Z. A review on the landfill leachate treatment technologies and application prospects of three-dimensional electrode technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132895. [PMID: 34780739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the expansion of urbanisation, the total amount of solid waste produced by urban residents has been increasing, and the problem of municipal solid waste disposal has also been aggravated. Landfill leachate treatment technologies could be divided into three categories: biological, physical and advanced oxidation treatment technology. Among them, advanced oxidation treatment technology has a good effect on the treatment of landfill leachate with little secondary pollution and has excellent application potential. Three-dimensional (3D) electrode technology, as a new type of advanced oxidation technology, could remove refractory pollutants in water and has attracted considerable attention. This article aims to (1) compare existing landfill leachate treatment technologies, (2) summarise 3D electrode technology application scenarios, (3) discuss the advantages of 3D electrode technology in landfill leachate treatment and (4) look ahead the future directions of 3D electrode technology in landfill leachate treatment. We hope that this article will be helpful to researchers who are interested in the field of landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Yu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zehua Ji
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xudan He
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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30
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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31
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Investigating the Electrocoagulation Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Iron/Graphite Electrodes: Process Parameters and Efficacy Assessment. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation is a widely used method for treating leachate since it is cost effective and eco-friendly. In the present study, the electrocoagulation process was employed to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and color from landfill leachate. At first, lime was used as a pretreatment, then the Fe/Gr and Ti/PbO2/steel electrodes were used, and the optimum electrode was selected. Afterwards, the effects of some variables, including pH, current density, temperature, the inter-electrode distance, and the type of electrolyte were investigated. Results showed that COD, NH4+, TSS, TDS, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, color, and pH of effluent pretreatment chemical reached 22,371, 385, 884, 21,820 (mg/L), 13.8 (ms/cm3), 1355 (NTU), 8500 (TCU) and 10, respectively (the removal efficiency was 0, 20.37, 32.4, 61.99, 59.18, and 56.6 percent). With the Fe/Gr electrode, the optimal condition was observed as follows: pH of 7.5, current density of 64 mA/cm2, inter-electrode distance was equal to 1.5 cm, temperature at 20 °C, and retention time 2–4 h. Overall, the electrocoagulation with the Fe/Gr electrode was a suitable technology for landfill leachate treatment due to its effectiveness for the removal of both COD and NH4+, with advantageous performance indicators.
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32
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Xia H, Li C, Yang G, Shi Z, Jin C, He W, Xu J, Li G. A review of microwave-assisted advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131981. [PMID: 34826886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) technology has gained increasing interest in wastewater treatment due to its unique properties, such as fast and uniform heating, hot spots effect, and non-thermal effect. MW enhances the production of active radicals (e.g., OH, SO4-), which exerts a stronger integrated treatment effect in combination with advanced oxidation processes. Over the years, microwave-assisted advanced oxidation processes (MW-AOPs) have developed rapidly to degrade pollutants as innovative treatment approaches. This paper provides a detailed classification and a comprehensive review of MW-AOPs. The latest applications of MW in different advanced oxidation systems (oxidation systems, catalytic oxidation systems, and photochemical, electrochemical and sonochemical systems) are reviewed. The reaction parameters and performance of MW-AOPs in wastewater treatment are discussed, and the enhancement of pollutant degradation by MW is highlighted. In addition, the operating costs of MW-AOPs are evaluated. Some recommendations on MW-AOPs are made for future research. This review provides meaningful information on the potential development and evolution of MW-AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Chengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Guoying Yang
- Suzhou Pioneer Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd. (Singapore), Room 1905, Hengtong Finance, 7070 East Taihu Avenue, Wujiang District, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiang Shi
- Suzhou Pioneer Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd. (Singapore), Room 1905, Hengtong Finance, 7070 East Taihu Avenue, Wujiang District, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Wenzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Guangming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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33
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Pisharody L, Gopinath A, Malhotra M, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS. Occurrence of organic micropollutants in municipal landfill leachate and its effective treatment by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132216. [PMID: 34517234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most prominently adopted disposal technique for managing municipal solid waste across the globe. However, the main drawback associated with this method is the generation of leachate from the landfill site. Leachate, a highly concentrated liquid consisting of both organic and inorganic components arises environmental issues as it contaminates the nearby aquifers. Landfill leachate treatment by conventional methods is not preferred as the treatment methods are not much effective to remove these pollutants. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals could be a promising method to remove the micropollutants completely or convert them to non-toxic compounds. The current review focuses on the occurrence of micropollutants in landfill leachate, their detection methods and removal from landfill leachate using AOPs. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products occur in the range of 10-1 to more than 100 μg L-1 whereas phthalates were found below the detectable limit to 384 μg L-1, pesticides in the order of 10-1 μg L-1 and polyaromatic hydrocarbons occur in concentration from 10-2 to 114.7 μg L-1. Solid-phase extraction is the most preferred method for extracting micropollutants from leachate and liquid chromatography (LC) - mass spectrophotometer (MS) for detecting the micropollutants. Limited studies have been focused on AOPs as a potential method for the degradation of micropollutants in landfill leachate. The potential of Fenton based techniques, electrochemical AOPs and ozonation are investigated for the removal of micropollutants from leachate whereas the applicability of photocatalysis for the removal of a wide variety of micropollutants from leachate needs in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pisharody
- The Zuckerberg Institute of Water Research, Ben-Gurion University, Israel
| | - Ashitha Gopinath
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milan Malhotra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Hu D, Zhang J, Chu R, Yin Z, Hu J, Kristianto Nugroho Y, Li Z, Zhu L. Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus co-cultivation with landfill leachate for pollutant removal and lipid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126003. [PMID: 34571333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, landfill leachate was pre-treated with NaClO, and then diluted to 5%, 10% and 15% for microalgae growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus in the mono- and co-culture modes to investigate the nutrient removal and growth characteristics of microalgae. The results revealed that landfill leachate with the 10% dilution rate was conducive for microalgae growth and exhibited robust biomass growth and the highest nutrient removal efficiency. The co-culture biomass in 10% landfill leachate achieved 0.266 g/L within 10 days and demonstrated the improved nutrient utilisation efficiency of microalgae. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrate and total phosphorus removal efficiencies accordingly reached 81.0%, 80.1%, 72.1% and 86.0% in 10% landfill leachate. Meanwhile, both the enzyme activity and fluorescence parameters proved that the cell activity of co-culture was higher than that of mono-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ruoyu Chu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jiangjun Hu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | | | - Zhaohua Li
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, and Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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35
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Yuan Y, Liu J, Gao B, Hao J. Ozone direct oxidation pretreatment and catalytic oxidation post-treatment coupled with ABMBR for landfill leachate treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148557. [PMID: 34323762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to treat the high concentration landfill leachate, ozone direct oxidation pretreatment and catalytic oxidation post-treatment coupled with anaerobic baffled membrane bioreactor (ABMBR) system was proposed in this study. For pretreatment, ozone direct oxidation could remarkably reduce UV254, 3D fluorescence peak value and fluorescence regional integration (FRI) of organic pollutants. For ABMBR treatment, the removal efficiencies of COD and ammonia nitrogen were 80.38% and 21.56%, respectively. Post-treatment included struvite precipitation, ozone catalytic oxidation and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment. Finally, the total removal efficiencies of COD and ammonia nitrogen were 91.2% and 99.4%, respectively. The chroma was remarkably decreased from 1250 times to 40 times after a series of treatments. The acids in ABMBR could be degraded by microorganisms of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. The cellulose and polysaccharides could be decomposed by Bacteroidetes and ketones could be decomposed by Brevundimonas in ABMBR. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated that the hydroxyl radicals were the main reactive oxygen species during the direct ozone oxidation process, while the superoxide radicals played an important role in the ozone catalytic oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiadong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jialiang Hao
- JUSCO (DaLian) Environmental Science and Technology Co. Ltd., China
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36
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Dan NH, Le Luu T. Continuous flow sequencing bed biofilm reactor bio-digested landfill leachate treatment using electrocoagulation-persulfate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113409. [PMID: 34346395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate contains many complex components that have a negative impact on the environment when improperly discharged. This study is the first to treat landfill leachate (after continuous flow sequencing bed biofilm reactor (CF-SBBR) bio-digested) using electrocoagulation (EC) combined with persulfate (PS) on Al and Fe electrodes. The effect of some of the key parameters on the COD, Color, TOC and TN removal efficiencies as part of the EC-PS process were studied using the PS concentration, reaction time, initial pH, current density, and aeration rate. The results show that a PS concentration of 3 g/L improved the COD removal efficiency by 9.0 ± 1.3 % at the Al electrode and 16.0 ± 2.6 % at the Fe electrode. Aeration also improved the COD, TOC and color removal efficiencies by about 10.0 ± 2.3 %, 8.0 ± 1.7 % and 3.0 ± 0.5 % at an optimal aeration rate 3.3 L/min. The optimal operation conditions for the EC-PS process were a PS concentration of 3 g/L, a pH of 2.0 (Al electrode), a pH of 4.0 (Fe electrode), a reaction time of 70 min, a current density of 35 mA/cm2 and an aeration rate of 3.3 L/min. The highest COD, color, TOC and TN removal efficiencies were 46.5 ± 1.8 %, 95.8 ± 2.4 %, 83.5 ± 1.7 %, and 40.9 ± 1.6 % at Al electrode and 54.4 ± 2.3 %, 98.5 ± 2.1 %, 78.6 ± 1.5 % and 57.9 ± 1.1 % at the Fe electrode. The EC-PS working mechanisms involve co-precipitation, an advanced oxidation process (AOPs) using oxidation radicals (HO, SO4-) and flotation. EC-PS is a promising method to treat bio-digested landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hong Dan
- Institute for Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Le Luu
- Master Program in Water Technology, Reuse, and Management, Vietnamese German University, 2-Le Lai Street, Hoa Phu Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Viet Nam.
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37
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Tejera J, Hermosilla D, Gascó A, Negro C, Blanco Á. Combining Coagulation and Electrocoagulation with UVA-LED Photo-Fenton to Improve the Efficiency and Reduce the Cost of Mature Landfill Leachate Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216425. [PMID: 34770834 PMCID: PMC8587920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the reduction of the treatment cost of mature landfill leachate (LL) by enhancing the coagulation pre-treatment before a UVA-LED photo-Fenton process. A more efficient advanced coagulation pretreatment was designed by combining conventional coagulation (CC) and electro-coagulation (EC). Regardless of the order in which the two coagulations were applied, the combination achieved more than 73% color removal, 80% COD removal, and 27% SUVA removal. However, the coagulation order had a great influence on both final pH and total dissolved iron, which were key parameters for the UVA-LED photo-Fenton post-treatment. CC (pH = 5; 2 g L-1 of FeCl36H2O) followed by EC (pH = 5; 10 mA cm-2) resulted in a pH of 6.4 and 100 mg L-1 of dissolved iron, whereas EC (pH = 4; 10 mA cm-2) followed by CC (pH = 6; 1 g L-1 FeCl36H2O) led to a final pH of 3.4 and 210 mg L-1 dissolved iron. This last combination was therefore considered better for the posterior photo-Fenton treatment. Results at the best cost-efficient [H2O2]:COD ratio of 1.063 showed a high treatment efficiency, namely the removal of 99% of the color, 89% of the COD, and 60% of the SUVA. Conductivity was reduced by 17%, and biodegradability increased to BOD5:COD = 0.40. With this proposed treatment, a final COD of only 453 mg O2 L-1 was obtained at a treatment cost of EUR 3.42 kg COD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tejera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
| | - Daphne Hermosilla
- Department of Forest and Environmental Engineering and Management, E.T.S.I. Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.H.); (A.G.)
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, EIFAB, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, 42005 Soria, Spain
| | - Antonio Gascó
- Department of Forest and Environmental Engineering and Management, E.T.S.I. Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Carlos Negro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ángeles Blanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
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38
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Jiang Z, Cheng Z, Yan C, Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhang X, Quan X. Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Refractory Organics from a Biologically Treated Leachate by Pulse Electrochemical Oxidation in a Multi-channel Flow Reactor. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25539-25550. [PMID: 34632211 PMCID: PMC8495886 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is often used in the advanced treatment of refractory wastewater. However, in a conventional EO process of direct-current (DC) power supply, oxide layers often form on the anodes, which not only hinder the oxidation reaction on them but also cause higher energy consumption. In this paper, a biologically treated leachate (BTL) of municipal solid waste (MSW) was comparably treated by EO with DC (DC-EO), monopulse (MP-EO), and double pulse (DP-EO) power source models in a home-made multi-channel flow reactor. The effects of process parameters of current density (I A), superficial liquid velocity (U L), pulse frequency (f P), duty ratio (R D), and so forth on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (RECOD), total organic carbon (TOC) (RETOC), and total nitrogen (TN) (RETN) were investigated simultaneously. Average energy consumption () and organic composition of the treated effluent of DC-EO and MP-EO were also compared comprehensively, and a new mechanism of MP-EO has been proposed accordingly. Under optimal conditions, 2 L of BTL was treated by MP-EO for 180 min, and the RECOD, RETOC, and RETN could reach as high as 80, 30, and 80%, respectively. Compared with DC-EO, the of MP-EO is reduced by 69.27%. Besides, the kinds of organic matter in the treated effluent of MP-EO are reduced from 53 in the BTL to 11, which is much less than in the DC-EO process of 29 kinds. Therefore, the MP-EO process exhibits excellent removal performance of organics and TN and economic prospects in the treatment of refractory organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghao Jiang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- Engineering
Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry
of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business
University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Chaoqun Yan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yijuan Tian
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Engineering
Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry
of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business
University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xuejun Quan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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Hamid MAA, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS. Electrocoagulation Process in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate. SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 2021:257-304. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119785439.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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40
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Ma J, Gao M, Shi H, Ni J, Xu Y, Wang Q. Progress in research and development of particle electrodes for three-dimensional electrochemical treatment of wastewater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47800-47824. [PMID: 34296412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical technology is regarded as a very effective industrial wastewater treatment method as it has high treatment efficiency, high current efficiency, and low energy consumption, and especially can completely mineralize nonbiodegradable organic pollutants. The core of the 3D electrochemical technology is a particle electrode, and the particle electrode plays several important roles for removing pollutants during the electrochemical reaction process. Many types of particle electrodes have been developed and used for different types of wastewater treatment. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the research and development of particle electrodes of the 3D electrochemical reactors for wastewater treatment is conducted. Specifically, the role that the particle electrode plays during the 3D electrochemical treatment of wastewater is thoroughly investigated and systematized. In addition, the different types of particle electrodes used in the 3D electrochemical wastewater treatment are classified into several types according to the presence or absence of a catalyst and the main components of the particle electrode or carrier. Also, focusing on the recent research results, the structural characteristics, performance, advantages and defects, and the role of catalyst components of each particle electrodes are evaluated. Finally, the direction and prospect of future research on the particle electrode is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Kyogu dong 60, Central District, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin Ni
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuansheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Disposal and Resource Recovery of Industry Typical Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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41
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Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174971. [PMID: 34501059 PMCID: PMC8433647 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) of organic compounds and ammonium in the complex matrix of landfill leachates (LLs) was investigated using three different boron-doped diamond electrodes produced on silicon substrate (BDD/Si)(levels of boron doping [B]/[C] = 500, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm—0.5 k; 10 k, and 15 k, respectively) during 8-h tests. The LLs were collected from an old landfill in the Pomerania region (Northern Poland) and were characterized by a high concentration of N-NH4+ (2069 ± 103 mg·L−1), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (3608 ± 123 mg·L−1), high salinity (2690 ± 70 mg Cl−·L−1, 1353 ± 70 mg SO42−·L−1), and poor biodegradability. The experiments revealed that electrochemical oxidation of LLs using BDD 0.5 k and current density (j) = 100 mA·cm−2 was the most effective amongst those tested (C8h/C0: COD = 0.09 ± 0.14 mg·L−1, N-NH4+ = 0.39 ± 0.05 mg·L−1). COD removal fits the model of pseudo-first-order reactions and N-NH4+ removal in most cases follows second-order kinetics. The double increase in biodegradability index—to 0.22 ± 0.05 (BDD 0.5 k, j = 50 mA·cm−2) shows the potential application of EO prior biological treatment. Despite EO still being an energy consuming process, optimum conditions (COD removal > 70%) might be achieved after 4 h of treatment with an energy consumption of 200 kW·m−3 (BDD 0.5 k, j = 100 mA·cm−2).
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Yan C, Tian Y, Cheng Z, Wei Z, Zhang X, Quan X. Simultaneous Desalination and Removal of Recalcitrant Organics from Reverse Osmosis Leachate Concentrate by Electrochemical Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16049-16057. [PMID: 34179650 PMCID: PMC8223443 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate produced in the municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate treatment process is extremely hard to be treated because of its high color, high salt content, and high concentration of recalcitrant organic compounds. A new multichannel flow reactor with electrode gaps of 5 mm was designed to desalinate and remove organics simultaneously from the RO leachate concentrate (ROLC) by electrochemical oxidation process using the RuO2/IrO2-coated titanium plate (RuO2/IrO2-Ti) as the anodes. The effects of the process parameters of current density (I A), superficial circulating velocity (U L), etc. on the removal efficiency (RE) of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and average energy consumption () were investigated. The results illustrated that after 3 h of treatment, the RE of COD, Cl-, and color could reach as high as 96.5, 96.7, and 99.6%, respectively. Besides, the of the electrochemical oxidation treatment process is as low as 40.98 kWh/(kg COD), and a new mechanism of the simultaneous removal of COD and desalination has been proposed. This work provides an alternative technology for the treatment of MSW leachate RO concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yijuan Tian
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zejun Wei
- Chongqing
Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xuejun Quan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing
University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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Application of Electrocoagulation with a New Steel-Swarf-Based Electrode for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Total Coliforms from Sanitary Landfill Leachate. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Sanitary landfill leachate (LL) composition varies according to climate variables variation, solid waste characteristics and composition, and landfill age. Leachate treatment is essentially carried out trough biological and physicochemical processes, which have showed variability in efficiency and appear a costly solution for the management authorities. Electrocoagulation (EC) seems a suitable solution for leachate treatment taking into account the characteristics of the liquor. One of the problems of EC is the electrode passivation, which affects the longevity of the process. One solution to this problem could be the replacement of the electrode by one made of recyclable material, which would make it possible to change it frequently and at a lower cost. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the removal of heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn) and coliforms from a LL by EC using electrodes made from steel swarf (SfE) up to 8 h. Removal efficiencies of detected heavy metals were 51%(Cr), 59%(As), 71%(Cd), 72%(Zn), 92%(Ba), 95%(Ni) and >99%(Pb). The microbial load of coliforms in leachate was reduced from 10.76 × 104 CFU/mL (raw leachate) to less than 1 CFU/mL (after treatment with SfE) (i.e., approximately 100% reduction). The use of SfE in EC of LL is very effective in removing heavy metals and coliforms and can be used as alternative treatment solution for such effluents.
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Sato Y, Zeng Q, Meng L, Chen G. Importance of Combined Electrochemical Process Sequence and Electrode Arrangements: A Lab-scale Trial of Real Reverse Osmosis Landfill Leachate Concentrate. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 192:116849. [PMID: 33517046 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a widely applied technique for wastewater effluent reuse and landfill leachate treatment. The latter generates a refractory RO leachate concentrate (ROLC), for which cost-effective treatment is required. This study focuses on a two-step electrochemical method consisting of aluminum-based electrocoagulation (EC), and simultaneous electrooxidation-electrocoagulation with a titanium-based lead dioxide (Ti/ß-PbO2) anode and aluminum cathode (EOEC) assembly. The sequence and electrode arrangements of the combined electrochemical process were investigated to determine the organic transformation, Ti/ß-PbO2 anode viability, and energy consumption. Series-based EC-EOEC decreased the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 8750 mg L-1 to 380 mg L-1, a 96% removal efficiency, in 3.5 hours at 141 A m-2. Under a low energy consumption of 28.7 kWh kgCOD-1, the ROLC biodegradability (BOD5/COD) significantly increased from 0.015 to 0.530, which was ascribed to aromatic removal (e.g., -C=C) and an increase in -COOH functional groups. Furthermore, the rapid removal of natural organic matter and increase in pH elevation from EC suppressed the dissolution of Pb from the Ti/ß-PbO2 anode during the subsequent EOEC, thereby leaving 0.061 mg L-1 in the ROLC after treatment. The treatment cost was 3.86 USD kgCOD-1, which was approximately 34% lower than that of previously reported electrochemical processes for ROLC treatment. These findings obtained with a real RO concentrate provide a foundation for scaling up this new electrochemical treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liao Meng
- Xiaping Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Plant, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Yang K, Yin J, Zhu T, Liu B, Li G, Huang B, Shi Z, Deng L. Effect of boron-doped diamond anode electrode pretreatment on UF membrane fouling mitigation in a cross-flow filtration process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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