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Mudhoo A, Pittman CU. Prevention is better than a cure: A 'zero residual nanoadsorbent toxicity' downstream from its effluent exit point. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174479. [PMID: 38969112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Here, we offer thoughts concerning a 'zero residual nanoadsorbent toxicity' environmental policy which we strongly advocate. Our discussions in support of this policy are based on the adage 'Prevention is better than cure'. Besides emphasizing the need for strict regulations (regional and international), research and development avenues are highlighted for the technology that can achieve 'zero tolerance' for residual nanoadsorbent levels escaping and building up in receiving ecosystems. We do not oppose nanoadsorbents. On the contrary, their water and wastewater purification potentials are well recognized. However, they should not be permitted to translocate downstream from the exit point of a final effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ackmez Mudhoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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2
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Liu M, Qiao P, Shan Y, Zhang Z, Pan P, Li Y. Migration and Accumulation Simulation Prediction of PPCPs in Urban Green Space Soil Irrigated with Recycled Water: A Review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135037. [PMID: 38941831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in reclaimed water introduces an ongoing challenge as they infiltrate green space soils during irrigation, leading to a gradual buildup that poses considerable ecological risks. The simulation and forecasting of PPCPs accumulation in soil are pivotal for proactive ecological risk management. However, the majority of research efforts have predominantly concentrated on the vertical transport mechanisms of PPCPs in the soil, neglecting a holistic perspective that integrates both vertical and lateral transport phenomena, alongside accumulation dynamics. To address this gap, this study introduces a comprehensive conceptual model that encapsulates the dual processes of vertical and lateral transport, coupled with accumulation of PPCPs in the soil environment. Grounded in the distinctive properties of green space soils, we delve into the determinants governing the vertical and lateral migration of PPCPs. Furthermore, we consolidate existing simulation methodologies for contaminant transport, aiming to establish a comprehensive model that accurately predicts PPCPs accumulation in green space soils. This insight is critical for deducing the emission threshold of reclaimed water necessary for the protection of green space soils, informing the formulation of rational irrigation strategies, and anticipating future environmental risks. It provides a critical theoretical basis for more informed decision-making in the realm of urban water reuse and pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfang Liu
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Pengwei Qiao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Yue Shan
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhongguo Zhang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Pan Pan
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Beijing 100089, China
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3
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Della-Negra O, Camotti Bastos M, Bru-Adan V, Santa-Catalina G, Ait-Mouheb N, Chiron S, Heran M, Wéry N, Patureau D. Role of endogenous soil microorganisms in controlling antimicrobial resistance after the exposure to treated wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172977. [PMID: 38703836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation appears to be a relevant solution to the challenges of growing water demand and scarcity. However, TWW contains not only micro-pollutants including pharmaceutical residues but also antibiotic resistant bacteria. The reuse of TWW could contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The purpose of this study was to assess if exogenous bacteria from irrigation waters (TWW or tap water-TP) affect endogenous soil microbial communities (from 2 soils with distinct irrigation history) and key antibiotic resistance gene sul1 and mobile genetic elements intl1 and IS613. Experiments were conducted in microcosms, irrigated in one-shot, and monitored for three months. Results showed that TP or TWW exposure induced a dynamic response of soil microbial communities but with no significant increase of resistance and mobile gene abundances. However, no significant differences were observed between the two water types in the current experimental design. Despite this, the 16S rDNA analysis of the two soils irrigated for two years either with tap water or TWW resulted in soil microbial community differentiation and the identification of biomarkers from Xanthomonadaceae and Planctomycetes families for soils irrigated with TWW. Low-diversity soils were more sensitive to the addition of TWW. Indeed, TWW exposure stimulated the growth of bacterial genera known to be pathogenic, correlating with a sharp increase in the copy number of selected resistance genes (up to 3 logs). These low-diversity soils could thus enable the establishment of exogenous bacteria from TWW which was not observed with native soils. In particular, the emergence of Planctomyces, previously suggested as a biomarker of soil irrigated by TWW, was here demonstrated. Finally, this study showed that water input frequency, initial soil microbial diversity and soil history drive changes within soil endogenous communities and the antibiotic resistance gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Della-Negra
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France; UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Marília Camotti Bastos
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France; UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Valérie Bru-Adan
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | | | - Nassim Ait-Mouheb
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR GEAU, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, 34196 Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marc Heran
- IEM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Wéry
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Dominique Patureau
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, Av. des Étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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Cui E, Zhou Z, Cui B, Fan X, Ali Abid A, Chen T, Gao F, Du Z. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the fate of high-risk antibiotic resistance genes in reclaimed water-irrigated soil and plants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108834. [PMID: 38908278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
High-risk antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in reclaimed water-irrigated soil pose a potential threat to ecosystem and human health. Inorganic fertilization - including with nitrogen, a key ingredient in agricultural production - may affect the ARG profile in soil. However, little is known about nitrogen fertilization's influence on ARGs profiles in the soil-plant system. This study investigated the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types (CO(NH2)2, NO3--N (NaNO3) and NH4+-N (NH4HCO3)) and different nitrogen fertilizer application rates (low, medium, high) on the distribution of high-risk ARGs in reclaimed water-irrigated soil and plants using quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Soil microcosms results revealed that nitrogen fertilization significantly affected the pattern of high-risk ARGs in soil, and also affected high-risk ARGs abundance and transfer capacity in plants. Compared with nitrogen fertilizer application rate, nitrogen fertilizer types significantly contributed to enhancing the soil resistome, with the order of CO(NH2)2 > NO3--N ≈ NH4+-N. The medium application of NO3--N and NH4+-N significantly reduced high-risk ARGs abundance in the leaf endophyte. Bacterial community mainly drove the variation of ARGs in nitrogen-fertilized soil-plant system, and class I integron and metal resistance genes (MRGs) also had direct effects on these high-risk ARGs. A similar high-risk ARGs pattern was also found in field plot experiments, and several dangerous pathogens were observed as the main high-risk ARGs potential hosts in nitrogen-fertilized soil. Based on an economic assessment, application of NH4+-N (NH4HCO3) could reduce costs by $1,312.83 ha-1 compared with NO3--N (NaNO3). These results showed that the more important role of nitrogen type might be an effective and economical way to control high-risk ARGs spread in soil-plant system under reclaimed water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erping Cui
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingjian Cui
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Xiangyang Fan
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China.
| | - Abbas Ali Abid
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Taotao Chen
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Zhenjie Du
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
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Muscarella SM, Alduina R, Badalucco L, Capri FC, Di Leto Y, Gallo G, Laudicina VA, Paliaga S, Mannina G. Water reuse of treated domestic wastewater in agriculture: Effects on tomato plants, soil nutrient availability and microbial community structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172259. [PMID: 38631646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) in agriculture for crop irrigation is desirable. Crop responses to irrigation with TWW depend on the characteristics of TWW and on intrinsic and extrinsic soil properties. The aim of this study was to assess the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivated in five different soils to irrigation with TWW, compared to tap water (TAP) and an inorganic NPK solution (IFW). In addition, since soil microbiota play many important roles in plant growth, a metataxonomic analysis was performed to reveal the prokaryotic community structures of TAP, TWW and IFW treated soil, respectively. A 56-days pot experiment was carried out. Plant biometric parameters, and chemical, biochemical and microbiological properties of different soils were investigated. Shoot and root dry and fresh weights, as well as plant height, were the highest in plants irrigated with IFW followed by those irrigated with TWW, and finally with TAP water. Plant biometric parameters were positively affected by soil total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN). Electrical conductivity was increased by TWW and IFW, being such an increase proportional to clay and TOC. Soil available P was not affected by TWW, whereas mineral N increased following their application. Total microbial biomass, as well as, main microbial groups were positively affected by TOC and TN, and increased according to the following order: IFW > TWW > TAP. However, the fungi-to-bacteria ratio was lowered in soil irrigated with TWW because of its adverse effect on fungi. The germicidal effect of sodium hypochlorite on soil microorganisms was affected by soil pH. Nutrients supplied by TWW are not sufficient to meet the whole nutrients requirement of tomato, thus integration by fertilization is required. Bacteria were more stimulated than fungi by TWW, thus leading to a lower fungi-to-bacteria ratio. Interestingly, IFW and TWW treatment led to an increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria phyla and Balneimonas, Rubrobacter, and Steroidobacter genera. This soil microbiota structure modulation paralleled a general decrement of fungi versus bacteria abundance ratio, the increment of electrical conductivity and nitrogen content of soil and an improvement of tomato growth. Finally, the potential adverse effect of TWW added with sodium chloride on soil microorganisms depends on soil pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maria Muscarella
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Viale delle Scienze, Building 4, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Luigi Badalucco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Viale delle Scienze, Building 4, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Claire Capri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ylenia Di Leto
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Viale delle Scienze, Building 4, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Sara Paliaga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Viale delle Scienze, Building 4, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 8, Palermo, Italy
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Mancuso G, Foglia A, Chioggia F, Drei P, Eusebi AL, Lavrnić S, Siroli L, Carrozzini LM, Fatone F, Toscano A. Demo-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor coupled with hybrid constructed wetlands for energy-carbon efficient agricultural wastewater reuse in decentralized scenarios. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121109. [PMID: 38723500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The impact of climate change on water availability and quality has affected agricultural irrigation. The use of treated wastewater can alleviate water in agriculture. Nevertheless, it is imperative to ensure proper treatment of wastewater before reuse, in compliance with current regulations of this practice. In decentralized agricultural scenarios, the lack of adequate treatment facilities poses a challenge in providing treated wastewater for irrigation. Hence, there is a critical need to develop and implement innovative, feasible, and sustainable treatment solutions to secure the use of this alternative water source. This study proposes the integration of intensive treatment solutions and natural treatment systems, specifically, the combination of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), constructed wetlands (CWs), and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. For this purpose, a novel demo-scale plant was designed, constructed and implemented to test wastewater treatment and evaluate the capability of the proposed system to provide an effluent with a quality in compliance with the current European wastewater reuse regulatory framework. In addition, carbon-sequestration and energy analyses were conducted to assess the sustainability of the proposed treatment approach. This research confirmed that UASB rector can be employed for biogas production (2.5 L h-1) and energy recovery from organic matter degradation, but its effluent requires further treatment steps to be reused in agricultural irrigation. The AnMBR effluent complied with class A standards for E. coli, boasting a concentration of 0 CFU 100 mL-1, and nearly negligible TSS levels. However, further reduction of BOD5 (35 mg L-1) is required to reach water quality class A. CWs efficiently produced effluent with BOD5 below 10 mg L-1 and TSS close to 0 mg L-1, making it suitable for water reuse and meeting class A standards. Furthermore, CWs demonstrated significantly higher energy efficiency compared to intensive treatment systems. Nonetheless, the inclusion of a UV disinfection unit after CWs was required to attain water class B standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mancuso
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessia Foglia
- Marche Polytechnic University, Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy.
| | - Francesco Chioggia
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Drei
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- Marche Polytechnic University, Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Stevo Lavrnić
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Siroli
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fatone
- Marche Polytechnic University, Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Via Brecce Bianche, 12, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Attilio Toscano
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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Santos DEO, Zapata YAU, Buitrago CA, Herrera GS, Becoche LEC, Páez MCL, López MCB, Pineda CO. Occurrence of parasites in waters used for crops irrigation and vegetables from the Savannah of Bogotá, Colombia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33360-33370. [PMID: 38676868 PMCID: PMC11136797 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has established as a criterion of parasitological quality for irrigation water, ≤ 1 helminth egg/liter, which guarantees the safety in agricultural products. In this study, the presence of parasites in surface water used for irrigation of crops (n = 96) and vegetables (celery and lettuce) (n = 120), from the Former La Ramada irrigation district, was evaluated using conventional and molecular parasitological methods. Our findings showed contamination of irrigation systems in the study area with domestic wastewater, demonstrated by the presence of Ancylostomatidae eggs, Ascaris spp., Hymenolepis spp., Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Giardia spp. cysts, and oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. A prevalence of 33% and 23.3% was calculated for helminths and protozoa, respectively in vegetables, representing a possible risk to human and animal health in relation to these parasites. These findings show the need for continuous monitoring of the water quality used for crop irrigation, as well as the safety of food, taking into account the values established in national and international regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eduardo Ospina Santos
- Maestría en Ciencias Microbiología, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, CP 111321, Colombia
| | - Yulieth Alexandra Upegui Zapata
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, CP 111321, Colombia
| | - Catherine Aguilar Buitrago
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, CP 111321, Colombia
| | - Geraldine Sánchez Herrera
- Programa de Bacteriología y Laboratorio clínico, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá, DC, CP 111051, Colombia
| | - Libia Eunise Chandillo Becoche
- Programa de Bacteriología y Laboratorio clínico, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá, DC, CP 111051, Colombia
| | - Myriam Consuelo López Páez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, CP 111321, Colombia
| | - Martha Cristina Bustos López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Agrícola, Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, CP 111321, Colombia.
| | - Carolina Ortiz Pineda
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, CP 111321, Colombia
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Benaafi M, Pradipta A, Tawabini B, Al-Areeq AM, Bafaqeer A, Humphrey JD, Nazal MK, Aljundi IH. Suitability of treated wastewater for irrigation and its impact on groundwater resources in arid coastal regions: Insights for water resources sustainability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29320. [PMID: 38644853 PMCID: PMC11031766 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity threatens agriculture and food security in arid regions like Saudi Arabia. The nation produces significant quantities of municipal wastewater, which, with adequate treatment, could serve as an alternative water source for irrigation, thereby reducing reliance on fossil and non-renewable groundwater. This study assessed the appropriateness of using treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation in a dry coastal agricultural region in Eastern Saudi Arabia and its impact on groundwater resources. Field investigations were conducted in Qatif to collect water samples and field measurements. A multi-criteria approach was applied to evaluate the TWW's suitability for irrigation, including complying with Saudi Standards, the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), the National Sanitation Foundation water quality index (NSFWQI), and the individual irrigation indices. In addition, the impact of TWW on groundwater was assessed through hydrogeological and isotope approaches. The results indicate that the use of TWW in the study area complied with the Saudi reuse guidelines except for nitrate, aluminum, and molybdenum. However, irrigation water quality indices classify TWW as having limitations that necessitate the use for salt-tolerant crops on permeable and well-drained soils. Stable isotopic analysis (δ2H, δ18O) revealed that long-term irrigation with TWW affected the shallow aquifer, while deep aquifers were minimally impacted due to the presence of aquitard layer. The application of TWW irrigation has successfully maintained groundwater sustainability in the study area, as evidenced by increased groundwater levels up to 2.3 m. Although TWW contributes to crop productivity, long term agricultural sustainability could be enhanced by improving effluent quality, regulating irrigation practices, implementing buffer zones, and monitoring shallow groundwater. An integrated approach that combines advanced wastewater treatment methods, community involvement, regulatory oversight, and targeted monitoring is recommended to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Benaafi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arya Pradipta
- Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Tawabini
- Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Areeq
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Bafaqeer
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - John D. Humphrey
- Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen K. Nazal
- Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam H. Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Ofori S, Abebrese DK, Klement A, Provazník D, Tomášková I, Růžičková I, Wanner J. Impact of treated wastewater on plant growth: leaf fluorescence, reflectance, and biomass-based assessment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1647-1664. [PMID: 38619895 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The study evaluated the impact of treated wastewater on plant growth through the use of hyperspectral and fluorescence-based techniques coupled with classical biomass analyses, and assessed the potential of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation without fertilizer application. Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) were irrigated with tap water (Tap), secondary effluent (SE), and membrane effluent (ME). Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of tomato and cabbage was between 0.78 to 0.80 and 0.81 to 0.82, respectively, for all treatments. The performance index (PI) of Tap/SE/ME was 2.73, 2.85, and 2.48 for tomatoes and 4.25, 3.79, and 3.70 for cabbage, respectively. Both Fv/Fm and PI indicated that the treated wastewater did not have a significant adverse effect on the photosynthetic efficiency and plant vitality of the crops. Hyperspectral analysis showed higher chlorophyll and nitrogen content in leaves of recycled water-irrigated crops than tap water-irrigated crops. SE had 10.5% dry matter composition (tomato) and Tap had 10.7% (cabbage). Total leaf count of Tap/SE/ME was 86, 111, and 102 for tomato and 37, 40, and 42 for cabbage, respectively. In this study, the use of treated wastewater did not induce any photosynthetic-related or abiotic stress on the crops; instead, it promoted crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Ofori
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - David Kwesi Abebrese
- Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Provazník
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Růžičková
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Wanner
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Lúcio DSG, Menegassi LC, Lima ACM, Gomes TM, Tommaso G. Assessing the phytotoxicity of wastewater from the structured-bed hybrid baffled reactor (SBHBR) for agricultural reuse during the germination phase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170449. [PMID: 38290672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the quality of anaerobic (AnE) and oxic/anoxic (O/A) effluents from a continuous-feed structured-bed hybrid baffled reactor (SBHBR) treating dairy wastewater impacts on lettuce and cucumber germination. While sustainable technologies like SBHBR have successfully removed organic matter and total nitrogen from dairy wastewater, residual concentrations may still represent a risk to water resources. Therefore, phytotoxicity bioassays were conducted with lettuce and cucumber seeds in contact with effluent during early stages to evaluate the potential implications of dairy wastewater reuse in agriculture. The study also explored the potential of SBHBR technology in promoting water resource preservation and creating a sustainable energy and nutrient cycling system. The physicochemical parameters of both effluents were characterized, and the phytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the germination index (GI), root length (RL), the number of germinated seeds (SG), and epicotyl elongation (EE) for both lettuce and cucumber. The study revealed that the O/A effluent demonstrated lower phytotoxicity than the AnE effluent. The mean results indicate that the O/A zone wastewater was more conducive to cucumber germination than the AnE zone. Moreover, a positive influence of organic matter in the effluent on root growth and epicotyl elongation in cucumber, as well as the presence of nitrogen on the germination index, in both plant species. These findings emphasize the importance of considering effluent characteristics for suitable irrigation, highlighting SBHBR's potential as an effective solution for treating and reusing dairy wastewater in agriculture. This approach helps conserve water resources and promote a sustainable energy and nutrient cycling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Santiago G Lúcio
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana C Menegassi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina M Lima
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Maria Gomes
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Tommaso
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Penserini L, Moretti A, Mainardis M, Cantoni B, Antonelli M. Tackling climate change through wastewater reuse in agriculture: A prioritization methodology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169862. [PMID: 38185141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Water shortages, exacerbated by climate change, are posing a major global challenge, particularly impacting the agricultural sector. A growing interest is raised towards reclaimed wastewater (RWW) as an alternative irrigation source, capable of exploiting also the nutrient content through the fertigation practice. However, a prioritization methodology for selecting the most appropriate wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for implementing direct RWW reuse is currently missing. Such prioritization would benefit water utilities, often managing several WWTPs, and policymakers in optimizing economic asset allocation. In this work, a prioritization framework is proposed to evaluate WWTPs' suitability for implementing direct RWW reuse considering both WWTP and surrounding territory characteristics. This procedure consists of four key steps. Firstly, a techno-economic model was developed, in which monthly mass balances on water and nutrients are solved by matching crop requirements, rainfall conditions, and effluent characteristics. Economic suitability was quantified considering economic benefits due to savings in freshwater resource, mineral fertilizers and avoided greenhouse gases emissions, but also losses in crop yield due to RWW salinity content. Secondly, a classification procedure was coded to select representative WWTPs among a set of WWTPs, based on their size, presence of nutrient removal processes, and type of crops in their surroundings. The techno-economic model was then applied to these selected WWTPs. Thirdly, input parameters' relevance in determining WWTP suitability for RWW reuse was ranked. Finally, scenario analyses were conducted to study the influence of rainfall patterns and nutrient treatment removal on the RWW reuse feasibility. The type of crops surrounding the WWTPs and RWW salinity content resulted to be crucial elements in determining WWTPs suitability for RWW reuse implementation. The proposed methodology proved to be an effective support tool for policymakers and water utilities to assess the techno-economic feasibility of direct RWW reuse, generalizing results to several combinations of WWTPs and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Penserini
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretti
- Università degli studi di Udine, Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA), Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matia Mainardis
- Università degli studi di Udine, Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA), Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cantoni
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonelli
- Politecnico Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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12
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Hu W, Niu XZ, Chen H, Ye B, Liang JK, Guan YT, Wu QY. Molecular insight of dissolved organic matter and chlorinated disinfection by-products in reclaimed water during chlorination with permanganate preoxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140807. [PMID: 38029937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate is a common preoxidant applied in water treatment to remove organic pollutants and to reduce the formation of disinfection by-products. However, the effect of permanganate preoxidation on the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) and on the formation of unknown chlorinated disinfection by-products (Cl-DBPs) during chlorination remains unknown at molecular level. In this work, the molecular changes of dEfOM during permanganate preoxidation and subsequent chlorination were characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Permanganate preoxidation was found to decrease the DBE (double bond equivalent) and AImod (modified aromaticity index) of the dEfOM. The identity and fate of over 400 unknown Cl-DBPs during KMnO4-chlorine treatment were investigated. Most Cl-DBPs and the precursors were found to be highly unsaturated aliphatic and phenolic compounds. The Cl-DBPs precursors with lower H/C and lower O/C were preferentially removed by permanganate preoxidation. Additionally, permanganate preoxidation decreased the number of unknown Cl-DBPs by 30% and intensity of unknown Cl-DBPs by 25%. One-chlorine-containing DBPs were the major Cl-DBPs and had more CH2 groups and higher DBEw than Cl-DBPs containing two and three chlorine atoms. 60% of the Cl-DBPs formation was attributed to substitution reactions (i.e., +Cl-H, +2Cl-2H, +3Cl-3H, +ClO-H, +Cl2O3-2H). This work provides detailed molecular level information on the efficacy of permanganate preoxidation on the control of overall Cl-DBPs formation during chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Niu
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Bei Ye
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun-Kun Liang
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yun-Tao Guan
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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13
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Wang H, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhao J, Liu H, Wang J, Li G, Liang H. Membrane-based technology in water and resources recovery from the perspective of water social circulation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168277. [PMID: 37939956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the application of membrane-based technology in water social circulation was summarized. Water social circulation encompassed the entire process from the acquirement to discharge of water from natural environment for human living and development. The focus of this review was primarily on the membrane-based technology in recovery of water and other valuable resources such as mineral ions, nitrogen and phosphorus. The main text was divided into four main sections according to water flow in the social circulation: drinking water treatment, agricultural utilization, industrial waste recycling, and urban wastewater reuse. In drinking water treatment, the acquirement of water resources was of the most importance. Pressure-driven membranes, such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were considered suitable in natural surface water treatment. Additionally, electrodialysis (ED) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) were also effective in brackish water desalination. Agriculture required abundant water with relative low quality for irrigation. Therefore, the recovery of water from other stages of the social circulation has become a reasonable solution. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) was a typical technique attributed to low-toxicity effluent. In industrial waste reuse, the osmosis membranes (FO and PRO) were utilized due to the complex physical and chemical properties of industrial wastewater. Especially, membrane distillation (MD) might be promising when the wastewater was preheated. Resources recovery in urban wastewater was mainly divided into recovery of bioenergy (via anaerobic membrane bioreactors, AnMBR), nitrogen (utilizing MD and gas-permeable membrane), and phosphorus (through MBR with chemical precipitation). Furthermore, hybrid/integrated systems with membranes as the core component enhanced their performance and long-term working ability in utilization. Generally, concentrate management and energy consumption control might be the key areas for future advancements of membrane-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jiaxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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14
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Praise S, Miyazawa M, Phung LD, Nishiyama M, Kumar A, Watanabe T. Impact of nCuO containing treated wastewater on soil microbes and dissolved organic matter in paddy field leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122923. [PMID: 37977365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Using treated wastewater (TWW) resources in agriculture is a major pathway for disseminating nanoparticles. Copper-oxide nanoparticles (nCuO) offer potential benefits, but their presence in the environment poses risks to agricultural and environmental sustainability. This study examined soil microbial transformations and the composition of leachate dissolved organic matter (DOM) of paddy soils irrigated with nCuO-contaminated TWW at different concentrations (T2: 0.02 mgL-1, T3: 0.2 mgL-1, T4: 2.0 mgL-1) and examined the differences in Cu source (T5: 0.2 mgL-1 CuSO4). Results showed negative impacts on the absolute microbial abundance with up to 46 % reduction relative to the control treatment (T1). Changes in relative abundance of specific microbes at the genus level deviated from the corresponding phyla. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia phyla increased in the surface (0-3 cm) and subsurface (3-15 cm) layers responding differently to nCuO. In the 0-3 cm layer, Nitrospirae, Euryarchaeota, and Crenarchaeota increased, but only Dechloromonas genus from Proteobacteria increased with increasing nCuO. No significant variations were observed in the DOM composition, except in T4, which had a significantly low content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen, and terrestrial humic-like and protein-like components. Ninety-eight distinct genera were identified, of which 44%, including 15 bacteria and two archaea, varied between the surface and subsurface, among treatments, and significantly correlated with more DOM parameters in the subsurface. T4 had the highest microbial diversity in the 0-3 layer, and Cu treatments slightly increased the diversity index in the subsurface. Moreover, the effects differed by Cu source, with T3 showing 10 % more reduction in the subsurface and 17 % less reduction in the surface than T5. The variable microbial responses to nCuO and their strong correlations with DOM highlight the need to consider the potential consequences of low nCuO concentrations on biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Praise
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Wakaba Machi 1-23, Tsuruoka Shi, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Wakaba Machi 1-23, Tsuruoka Shi, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Luc Duc Phung
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Wakaba Machi 1-23, Tsuruoka Shi, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Masateru Nishiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Wakaba Machi 1-23, Tsuruoka Shi, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Wakaba Machi 1-23, Tsuruoka Shi, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
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15
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Louhichi G, El Khouni A, Ghrabi A, Khouni I. Phytotoxicity assessment of treated vegetable oily wastewater via environmentally coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration technologies using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-023-31594-2. [PMID: 38175507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation highlights the necessity of monitoring some basic physico-chemical water quality indicators and their phytotoxic effect using ecotoxicological bioassays such as "seed germination tests." The phytotoxicity of raw and treated vegetable oil refinery wastewater (VORW) using different treatment processes was assessed through some physiological responses (relative seed germination (RSG), seedling elongation, and germination index (GI)) using Lactuca sativa cultivar. Biotest results of different raw water samples revealed a noticeable correlation between the organic matter content and water phytotoxicity. In fact, VORW showed a very low RSG (17 ± 0.7 to -47 ± 0.58%) and high phytotoxic effects (GI < 50%). The use of coagulation/flocculation (CF) allowed a satisfactory phytotoxicity removal where RSG obtained ranged from 83 ± 1.58 to 90 ± 1.2%. However, the effluent still presents high to moderate phytotoxicity since GI remained below 80% which indicates the presence of toxic elements remaining after CF treatment. When VORW were treated using membrane processes, their phytotoxicity was gradually decreased with the decrease in the membrane pore size. The use of microfiltration membranes (MF), with pore size of 5 µm, 1.2 µm, 0.45 µm, and 0.22 µm, showed RSG values ranged from 37 ± 1.15 to 77 ± 1.68% and GI of less than 80% indicating a moderate to high phytotoxicity. However, the use of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 kDa, 30 kDa, and 10 kDa made it possible to achieve an RSG of 100% and an IG exceeding 80% showing that the VORW-treated using UF does not exhibit any phytotoxicity effect. Hence, UF appears to be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technology that could be used for safely treated VORW irrigation purposes compared to CF and MF processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghofrane Louhichi
- Laboratoire Eaux Usées Et Environnement, Centre de Recherches Et Des Technologies Des Eaux (CERTE), BP 273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Amine El Khouni
- Laboratoire de Production Oléicole Intégrée, Institut de L'Olivier, Cité Mahrajène, BP 208, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Ghrabi
- Laboratoire Eaux Usées Et Environnement, Centre de Recherches Et Des Technologies Des Eaux (CERTE), BP 273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Imen Khouni
- Laboratoire Eaux Usées Et Environnement, Centre de Recherches Et Des Technologies Des Eaux (CERTE), BP 273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
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16
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Lin ZW, Shapiro EF, Barajas-Rodriguez FJ, Gaisin A, Ateia M, Currie J, Helbling DE, Gwinn R, Packman AI, Dichtel WR. Trace Organic Contaminant Removal from Municipal Wastewater by Styrenic β-Cyclodextrin Polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19624-19636. [PMID: 37934073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) present major removal challenges for wastewater treatment. TrOCs, such as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are associated with chronic toxicity at ng L-1 exposure levels and should be removed from wastewater to enable safe reuse and release of treated effluents. Established adsorbents, such as granular activated carbon (GAC), exhibit variable TrOC removal and fouling by wastewater constituents. These shortcomings motivate the development of selective novel adsorbents that also maintain robust performance in wastewater. Cross-linked β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers are promising adsorbents with demonstrated TrOC removal efficacy. Here, we report a simplified and potentially scalable synthesis of a porous polymer composed of styrene-linked β-CD and cationic ammonium groups. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrate that the polymer is a selective adsorbent exhibiting complete removal for six out of 13 contaminants with less adsorption inhibition than GAC in wastewater. The polymer also exhibits faster adsorption kinetics than GAC and ion exchange (IX) resin, higher adsorption affinity for PFAS than GAC, and is regenerable by solvent wash. Rapid small-scale column tests show that the polymer exhibits later breakthrough times compared to GAC and IX resin. These results demonstrate the potential for β-CD polymers to remediate TrOCs from complex water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emma F Shapiro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Arsen Gaisin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | | | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rosa Gwinn
- AECOM, Dallas, Texas 75240, United States
| | - Aaron I Packman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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17
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Ramadhan E, Oh J. A new evaluation framework for the assessment of wastewater heat recovery potential coupled with wastewater reuse. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:3024-3043. [PMID: 38096086 PMCID: wst_2023_380 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The integration of wastewater heat recovery (WWHR) and wastewater reuse offers a numerous advantage, making its application possible in various sectors. Nevertheless, this concept faced challenges to the identification of appropriate location. Existing research lacks comprehensive evaluation methods that encompass a various factor for effective decision-making. This study introduces a new evaluation framework that involves different aspects, including thermal energy potential and spatial distribution analysis. The novelty of this research lies in its unique focus on the combination of WWHR and wastewater reuse. Moreover, it introduces a structured evaluation framework that considers multiple criteria and expert opinions, enhancing decision-making precision. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was applied to select assessment criteria, which were categorized into three aspects: water-energy supplier, water-energy consumers, and water-energy station. The relative importance of criteria was determined using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The results of the AHP highlight significance of factors: treated wastewater flow rate; treated wastewater temperature; water-energy supply distance, and type of water-energy consumer. These factors were assigned weight values of 0.297, 0.186, 0.123, and 0.096, respectively. It is emphasizing their influence in the decision-making process that potential locations depend on the water-energy supplier and water-energy consumer as supply and demand sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eza Ramadhan
- Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea E-mail:
| | - Jeill Oh
- Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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18
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Gudda F, Odinga ES, Tang L, Waigi MG, Wang J, Abdalmegeed D, Gao Y. Tetracyclines uptake from irrigation water by vegetables: Accumulation and antimicrobial resistance risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122696. [PMID: 37804902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation may introduce antibiotic residues in the soil-plant systems. This study aimed to investigate the uptake of tetracyclines by spinach and collard greens and assess associated ecological and human health risks. Synthetic wastewater spiked with 1 ppm and 10 ppm of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline was used to grow vegetables in a greenhouse pot experiment. The uptake and accumulation of the tetracyclines were low and residual concentrations in the soil were negligible. All the tetracyclines were detected at concentrations ranging from 1.68 to 51.41 μg/g (spinach) and 1.94-30.95 μg/g (collard greens). The accumulation rate was in a dose-response scenario with a bioconcentration factor of 6.34 mL/kg (spinach) and 2.64 mL/kg (collard greens). Oxytetracycline had the highest accumulation in leaves, followed by doxycycline and tetracycline, and the residual concentrations followed the same order. The highest residual concentration was in soils receiving 10 ppm oxytetracycline. Residual concentrations in the soil were lower than accumulated levels and exerted negligible ecological risks. Tetracyclines accumulation in spinach significantly differed between the vegetables demonstrating a subspecies difference in uptake and accumulation. Ecological risk quotient (RQ) and human health risk quotient (HQ) were below thresholds that would exert toxicity and resistance selection impacts. Although RQs and HQs are low (<0.1), this study shows that the vegetables accumulate tetracyclines from irrigation water, posing plausible human health risks to allergic individuals. Similarly, the ecological risks cannot be ignored because the synergistic and antagonistic effects of sublethal concentrations can perturb ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Gudda
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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19
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Yalin D, Craddock HA, Assouline S, Ben Mordechay E, Ben-Gal A, Bernstein N, Chaudhry RM, Chefetz B, Fatta-Kassinos D, Gawlik BM, Hamilton KA, Khalifa L, Kisekka I, Klapp I, Korach-Rechtman H, Kurtzman D, Levy GJ, Maffettone R, Malato S, Manaia CM, Manoli K, Moshe OF, Rimelman A, Rizzo L, Sedlak DL, Shnit-Orland M, Shtull-Trauring E, Tarchitzky J, Welch-White V, Williams C, McLain J, Cytryn E. Mitigating risks and maximizing sustainability of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 21:100203. [PMID: 38098886 PMCID: PMC10719582 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Scarcity of freshwater for agriculture has led to increased utilization of treated wastewater (TWW), establishing it as a significant and reliable source of irrigation water. However, years of research indicate that if not managed adequately, TWW may deleteriously affect soil functioning and plant productivity, and pose a hazard to human and environmental health. This review leverages the experience of researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from Israel, the United-States, and Europe to present a holistic, multidisciplinary perspective on maximizing the benefits from municipal TWW use for irrigation. We specifically draw on the extensive knowledge gained in Israel, a world leader in agricultural TWW implementation. The first two sections of the work set the foundation for understanding current challenges involved with the use of TWW, detailing known and emerging agronomic and environmental issues (such as salinity and phytotoxicity) and public health risks (such as contaminants of emerging concern and pathogens). The work then presents solutions to address these challenges, including technological and agronomic management-based solutions as well as source control policies. The concluding section presents suggestions for the path forward, emphasizing the importance of improving links between research and policy, and better outreach to the public and agricultural practitioners. We use this platform as a call for action, to form a global harmonized data system that will centralize scientific findings on agronomic, environmental and public health effects of TWW irrigation. Insights from such global collaboration will help to mitigate risks, and facilitate more sustainable use of TWW for food production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yalin
- A Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hillary A. Craddock
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shmuel Assouline
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Evyatar Ben Mordechay
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Gilat Reseach Center, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Benny Chefetz
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Bernd M. Gawlik
- Ocean and Water Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Kerry A. Hamilton
- The School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment and The Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Leron Khalifa
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Isaya Kisekka
- Department of Land Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Iftach Klapp
- Institute of Agricultural engineering, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Kurtzman
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Guy J. Levy
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Roberta Maffettone
- Ocean and Water Unit, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - Sixto Malato
- CIEMAT-Plataforma Solar de Almería, Ctra. Sen´es km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - Célia M. Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Orah F. Moshe
- Department of Soil Conservation, Soil Erosion Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Andrew Rimelman
- PG Environmental. 1113 Washington Avenue, Suite 200. Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Technology (WaSTe) Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - David L. Sedlak
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Maya Shnit-Orland
- Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel
| | - Eliav Shtull-Trauring
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jorge Tarchitzky
- The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Clinton Williams
- US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Jean McLain
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization (ARO) – The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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20
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Cosenza A, Gulhan H, Mannina G. Trading-off greenhouse gas emissions and 741/2020 European Union water reuse legislation: An experimental MBR study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129794. [PMID: 37734483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A trade-off between greenhouse emissions (direct and indirect) and operational costs in the water treatment sector is of great importance, although only few literature studies exist. The paper presents a comprehensive experimental study on a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant at the Water Resource Recovery Facility of Palermo University (Italy). The MBR pilot plant was aimed at reducing carbon footprint while producing water suitable for water reuse in agriculture. Multiple scenarios were assessed to unveil the best operational variables including the assessment of the reclaimed water quality index for water reuse. Results showed the lowest operational costs for the MBR of 5.05 € cent/m3 with Class B according to 741/2020 European legislation. Results revealed optimised values, in terms of airflow rate and backwash frequency, of 0.8 m3/m2/h and 12 times/h, respectively. The highest N2O emission was measured in correspondence of scenario S5 (airflow rate of 1.6 m3/m2/h) with 0.40 mg N2O-N/m2/h in agreement with previous literature studies. The obtained results could effectively address the operators to find a trade-off between operational costs and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hazal Gulhan
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Build. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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21
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Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Alrefaei AF, Bibi S, Ahmad K, Memona H, Mahpara S, Mehmood N, Almutairi MH, Batool AI, Ashfaq A, Noorka IR. Influence of Industrial Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Content in Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.): Ecological and Health Risk Assessment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3652. [PMID: 37896115 PMCID: PMC10609805 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the heavy metal contents in the water-soil-coriander samples in an industrial wastewater irrigated area and to assess the health risks of these metals to consumers. Sampling was done from areas adjoining the Chistian sugar mill district Sargodha and two separate sites irrigated with groundwater (Site 1), and sugar mill effluents (Site 2) were checked for possible metal contamination. The water-soil-coriander continuum was tested for the presence of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The mean concentrations of all metals were higher than the permissible limits for all studied metals except for Mn in the sugar mill wastewater, with Fe (8.861 mg/L) and Zn (9.761 mg/L) exhibiting the highest values. The mean levels of Fe (4.023 mg/kg), Cd (2.101 mg/kg), Cr (2.135 mg/kg), Cu (2.180 mg/kg), and Ni (1.523 mg/kg) were high in the soil at Site 2 in comparison to the groundwater irrigated site where Fe (3.232 mg/kg) and Cd (1.845 mg/kg) manifested high elemental levels. For coriander specimens, only Cd had a higher mean level in both the groundwater (1.245 mg/kg) and the sugar mill wastewater (1.245 mg/kg) irrigated sites. An estimation of the pollution indices yielded a high risk from Cd (health risk index (HRI): 173.2), Zn (HRI: 7.012), Mn (HRI: 6.276), Fe (HRI: 1.709), Cu (HRI: 1.282), and Ni (HRI: 1.009), as all values are above 1.0 indicating a hazard to human health from consuming coriander irrigated with wastewater. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is strongly advised to reduce health hazards to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ugulu
- Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak 64000, Turkey
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan (A.A.)
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Shehnaz Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan (A.A.)
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan (A.A.)
| | - Hafsa Memona
- Department of Zoology, Queen Mary College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzadi Mahpara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Naunain Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mikhlid Hammad Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan (A.A.)
| | - Ijaz Rasool Noorka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
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22
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Zheng X, Zhong Z, Xu Y, Lin X, Cao Z, Yan Q. Response of heavy-metal and antibiotic resistance genes and their related microbe in rice paddy irrigated with treated municipal wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165249. [PMID: 37406708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Paddy irrigation with secondary effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) is a well-established practice to alleviate water scarcity. However, the reuse might lead to more complicated contamination caused by interactions between residual antibiotics in effluents and heavy metals in paddy soil. To date, no information is available for the potential effects of dual stress of heavy metals and antibiotics on heavy-metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, this study investigated the response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes, and related microorganisms to the dual threat of antibiotics and heavy metals under the long-term MWTP effluent irrigation for rice paddy using metagenome. The results showed that there was not a negative effect on rice consumption if MWTP effluent was used to irrigate rice for a long time. The concentration of antibiotics could reshape the ARGs and MRG profiles in rice paddy soil. The findings revealed the co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs in rice paddy soils, thus highlighting the need for simultaneous elimination of antibiotics and heavy metals to effectively reduce ARGs and MRGs. Acn and sul1 genes encoding Iron and sulfonamides resistance mechanisms are the most abundant MRG and ARG, respectively. Network analysis revealed the possibility that IntI1 plays a role in the co-transmission of MRG and ARG to host microbes, and that Proteobacteria are the most dominant hosts for MRG, ARG, and integrons. The presence of antibiotics in irrigated MWTP effluents has been found to stimulate the proliferation of heavy metal and antibiotic resistances by altering soil microbial communities. This study will enhance our comprehension of the co-selection between ARGs and MRGs, as well as reveal the concealed environmental impacts of combined pollution. The obtained results have important implications for food safety and human health in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zheng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhong
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
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23
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Chaudhary A, Rana S, Singh R, Gurian PL, Betancourt W, Kumar A, Kumar A. Non-potable water reuse and the public health risks from protozoa and helminths: a case study from a city with a semi-arid climate. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:981-994. [PMID: 37632375 PMCID: wh_2023_283 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The study estimated the risk due to Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Ascaris, associated with non-potable water reuse in the city of Jaipur, India. The study first determined the exposure dose of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Ascaris based on various wastewater treatment technologies for various scenarios of reuse for six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the city. The exposure scenarios considered were (1) garden irrigation; (2) working and lounging in the garden; and (3) consumption of crops irrigated with recycled water. The estimated annual risk of infection varied between 8.57 × 10-7 and 1.0 for protozoa and helminths, respectively. The order of treatment processes, in decreasing order of annual risk of infection, was found to be: moving-bed bioreactor (MBBR) technology > activated sludge process (ASP) technology > sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology. The estimated annual risk was found to be in this order: Ascaris > Giardia > Cryptosporidium. The study also estimated the maximum allowable concentration (Cmax) of pathogen in the effluent for a benchmark value of annual infection of risk equal to 1:10,000, the acceptable level of risk used for drinking water. The estimated Cmax values were found to be 6.54 × 10-5, 1.37 × 10-5, and 2.89 × 10-6 (oo) cysts/mL for Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Ascaris, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Chaudhary
- Department of Civil Engineering, MNIT Jaipur, Jaipur, India E-mail: ;
| | - Shubham Rana
- Department of Civil Engineering, MNIT Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick L Gurian
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Walter Betancourt
- Water and Energy Sustainable Technology Centre, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, MNIT Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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24
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Verma K, Manisha M, Santrupt RM, Anirudha TP, Goswami S, Sekhar M, Ramesh N, M S MK, Chanakya HN, Rao L. Assessing groundwater recharge rates, water quality changes, and agricultural impacts of large-scale water recycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162869. [PMID: 36933723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The over-exploitation and insufficient replenishment of groundwater (GW) have resulted in a pressing need to conserve freshwater and reuse of treated wastewater. To address this issue, the Government of Karnataka launched a large-scale recycling (440 million liters/day) scheme to indirectly recharge GW using secondary treated municipal wastewater (STW) in drought-prone areas of Kolar district in southern India. This recycling employs soil aquifer treatment (SAT) technology, which involves filling surface run-off tanks with STW that intentionally infiltrate and recharge aquifers. This study quantifies the impact of STW recycling on GW recharge rates, levels, and quality in the crystalline aquifers of peninsular India. The study area is characterized by hard rock aquifers with fractured gneiss, granites, schists, and highly fractured weathered rocks. The agricultural impacts of the improved GW table are also quantified by comparing areas receiving STW to those not receiving it, and changes before and after STW recycling were measured. The AMBHAS_1D model was used to estimate the recharge rates and showed a tenfold increase in daily recharge rates, resulting in a significant increase in the GW levels. The results indicate that the surface water in the rejuvenated tanks meets the country's stringent water discharge standards for STW. The GW levels of the studied boreholes increased by 58-73 %, and the GW quality improved significantly, turning hard water into soft water. Land use land cover studies confirmed an increase in the number of water bodies, trees, and cultivated land. The availability of GW significantly improved agricultural productivity (11-42 %), milk productivity (33 %), and fish productivity (341 %). The study's outcomes are expected to serve as a role model for the rest of Indian metro cities and demonstrate the potential of reusing STW to achieve a circular economy and a water-resilient system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Verma
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Manjari Manisha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - R M Santrupt
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - T P Anirudha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shubham Goswami
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - M Sekhar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohan Kumar M S
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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25
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Dias R, Sousa D, Lourinho R, Maurício R. Peracetic acid as a disinfectant for wastewater reuse - Regulation (EU) 2020/741 application on a pilot-scale. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:697. [PMID: 37208521 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity affects already a large part of the world's population. To overcome this situation, water management is needed, and wastewater reuse must be implemented and included as a new approach. To achieve that objective water quality must comply with the parameters established in the Regulation (EU) 2020/741 of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union and new treatment solutions have to be developed. The main goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection efficiency in a real wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in order to accomplish the wastewater reuse objective. To this end, six disinfection conditions were studied, three PAA doses (5, 10, and 15) and three contact times (5, 10, and 15) based on the commonly used disinfection operational conditions in real WWTP. Comparing the Total Suspended Solids (TSS), turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Escherichia coli content, after and before the disinfection step, was possible to conclude that PAA ensures the Regulation (EU) 2020/741 requirements and that the disinfected effluent can be reused for several uses. All the conditions in which the PAA dose was 15 mg/L and the condition with 10 mg/L of PAA with a contact time of 15 min were the most promising, presenting the second highest water quality class achieved. The results of this study illustrate the potential of PAA as an alternative disinfectant for wastewater treatment and, bring it closer to the water reuse objective by presenting several possibilities for water uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Dias
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Diogo Sousa
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Lourinho
- Águas do Tejo Atlântico, AdP-Grupo Águas de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Maurício
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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26
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Bañuelos JL, Borguet E, Brown GE, Cygan RT, DeYoreo JJ, Dove PM, Gaigeot MP, Geiger FM, Gibbs JM, Grassian VH, Ilgen AG, Jun YS, Kabengi N, Katz L, Kubicki JD, Lützenkirchen J, Putnis CV, Remsing RC, Rosso KM, Rother G, Sulpizi M, Villalobos M, Zhang H. Oxide- and Silicate-Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6413-6544. [PMID: 37186959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage, environmental contaminant remediation, and nuclear waste repository management. The onset of the 21st century marked the beginning of a more detailed understanding of mineral aqueous interfaces enabled by advances in techniques that use tunable high-flux focused ultrafast laser and X-ray sources to provide near-atomic measurement resolution, as well as by nanofabrication approaches that enable transmission electron microscopy in a liquid cell. This leap into atomic- and nanometer-scale measurements has uncovered scale-dependent phenomena whose reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and pathways deviate from previous observations made on larger systems. A second key advance is new experimental evidence for what scientists hypothesized but could not test previously, namely, interfacial chemical reactions are frequently driven by "anomalies" or "non-idealities" such as defects, nanoconfinement, and other nontypical chemical structures. Third, progress in computational chemistry has yielded new insights that allow a move beyond simple schematics, leading to a molecular model of these complex interfaces. In combination with surface-sensitive measurements, we have gained knowledge of the interfacial structure and dynamics, including the underlying solid surface and the immediately adjacent water and aqueous ions, enabling a better definition of what constitutes the oxide- and silicate-water interfaces. This critical review discusses how science progresses from understanding ideal solid-water interfaces to more realistic systems, focusing on accomplishments in the last 20 years and identifying challenges and future opportunities for the community to address. We anticipate that the next 20 years will focus on understanding and predicting dynamic transient and reactive structures over greater spatial and temporal ranges as well as systems of greater structural and chemical complexity. Closer collaborations of theoretical and experimental experts across disciplines will continue to be critical to achieving this great aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Leobardo Bañuelos
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Eric Borguet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gordon E Brown
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Randall T Cygan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James J DeYoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Geosciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julianne M Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2Canada
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nadine Kabengi
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lynn Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung─INE, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institute for Mineralogy, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gernot Rother
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Department of Physics, Ruhr Universität Bochum, NB6, 65, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mario Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, LANGEM, Instituto De Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Ahmad Wadaan M, Baabbad A, Farooq Khan M, Shanmuganathan R, Daniel F. Phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity attributes of immobilized Bacillus cereus treated and untreated textile effluents on Vigna mungo seeds and Artemia franciscana larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116111. [PMID: 37178746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical attributes of textile effluents collected from secondary treatment stage was investigated in this study and also assess the biosorption potential of membrane immobilized Bacillus cereus and free form of Bacillus cereus on textile effluent through bioreactor model study to find a sustainable solution to manage the textile effluent as vital need. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity nature of treated and untreated textile effluents on Vigna mungo and Artemia franciscana larvae under laboratory conditions as a novel approach. The textile effluent physicochemical parameter analysis results showed that the properties such as colour (Hazen unit), pH, turbidity, As, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, SO42-, and Zn were beyond the acceptable limits. Bacillus cereus immobilized on a polyethylene membrane eliminated greater amounts of dye (25.0 ± 1.3, 56.5 ± 1.8, 57.18 ± 1.5, and 54.34 ± 1.7 Hazen unit from An1, Ae2, Ve3, and So4 respectively) and pollutants (As: 0.9-2.0, Cd: 6-8, Cr: 300-450, Cu: 5-7, Hg: 0.1-0.7, Ni: 8-14, Pb: 4-5, and Zn: 4-8 mg L-1) from textile effluent in a week of biosorption investigation using a bioreactor model (batch type) compared to a free form of B. cereus on textile effluent. The phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity study results revealed that the membrane immobilized B. cereus treated textile effluent exposure showed reduced phytotoxicity and minimal cytotoxicity (including mortality) percentage compared with free form B. cereus treated and untreated textile effluents. These entire results conclude that the membrane immobilized B. cereus may considerably minimize/detoxify the harmful pollutants from the textile effluents. A large scale level biosorption approach need to be performed to validate the maximum pollutants removing potential of this membrane immobilized bacteria species and optimal conditions for effective remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Bio-Products Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box; 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Almohannad Baabbad
- Bio-Products Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box; 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Bio-Products Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box; 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Freedon Daniel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ghaziabad, 201204, India.
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Jain S, Tembhurkar AR. Response surface method for optimization of process variables for bioaccumulation of metals with Jatropha curcas on fly ash-amended soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:580. [PMID: 37069471 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a serious rising issue with the dumping of fly ash (FA). A recent focus of researches and practices tends towards reutilization of FA with bioremediation technique using various plants. The present research aimed to investigate optimum metal extraction in fly ash-amended soil using microbes and treated wastewater with Jatropha curcas plant using response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken design was used to determine the optimum condition for maximum metal remediation with three levels and three variables, viz., fly ash percentage (5, 12.5, 20%), microbial dose (0.5, 5.25, 10 ml), and contaminant level of water to irrigate the plant (freshwater, treated wastewater, untreated wastewater). The approach adopted was to set fly ash percentage as "maximum," microbial dose as "minimum," and contaminant level of water to irrigate the plant as "in range." The outcome of the present research provided the best prediction models, integrated the process variables, and developed rotational curves for analyzing metal remediation in 360° rotation for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Al as responses of interest. The optimum conditions for maximum bioremediation from fly ash-amended soils by bioaccumulation on Jatropha curcas plant worked out as 13.866% fly ash, 4.088 ml microbial dose, and treated wastewater as type of water to irrigate the plant that bioaccumulated Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Al as to 26.904, 0.760, 0.160, 0.162, and 12.895 mg/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Jain
- Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
| | - Ajay R Tembhurkar
- Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
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Marathe D, Kumari K, Thawale P, Singh A, Raghunathan K. Growth performance of different forestry species irrigated with moderately saline wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1579-1595. [PMID: 36842966 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2176465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A seven month, pot study was conducted to evaluate the impact of moderately saline wastewater on the growth potential of six forestry plant species viz., Eucalyptus calmaldulensis, Dendrocalamus strictus, Casurina equisetfolia, Cassia fistula, Melia dubia, and Bambusa arundinacea under different drainage conditions namely, well-drained saline (WDS) condition and poor-drained saline condition (PDS) and the control with well-drained non-saline condition. WDS treatment resulted in no mortality whereas PDS treatment resulted in mortality in the range of 33-66%. The plant height and root dry biomass increased in the range of 145% to 221.6% and 4.3-37.1 g respectively in WDS treatment, however, 23.60% to 173.4% and 4.1-10.1 g in PDS treatment. Among all, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Dendrocalamus strictus showed high Na+ accumulation in roots (2.16 ± 0.02% and 1.13 ± 0.01%), shoots (1.98 ± 0.01% and 0.74 ± 0.01%) and leaves (1.27 ± 0.02% and 0.86 ± 0.01%) in WDS treatment and in case of PDS treatment root (1.01 ± 0.01% and 0.23 ± 0.01%), shoot (1.12 ± 0.02% and 0.11 ± 0.01%), and leaf (0.07 ± 0.01% and 0.1 ± 0.02). The overall performance of both Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Dendrocalamus strictus was highest in WDS treatment. Therefore, it was concluded, that both plants had better performance than other plant species, a proper drainage system defines the overall productivity and treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Marathe
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kanchan Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Kolkata Zonal Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Prashant Thawale
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anshika Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Manisha M, Verma K, Ramesh N, Anirudha TP, Santrupt RM, Das R, Mohan Kumar MS, Chanakya HN, Rao L. Socio-economic impact assessment of large-scale recycling of treated municipal wastewater for indirect groundwater recharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160207. [PMID: 36402318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reusing treated wastewater is an emerging solution to address freshwater scarcity, and surface water contamination faced worldwide. A unique large-scale wastewater recycling project was implemented to replenish groundwater by filling secondary treated wastewater (STW) into existing irrigation tanks in severely drought-hit areas of the Kolar districts of Southern India. This study quantifies the socio-economic impacts of this large-scale indirect groundwater recharge scheme. The changes in areas receiving STW i.e., impacted areas and those areas which did not receive STW i.e., non-impacted areas was studied. Also, pre and post recycling changes were quantified in the Kolar district. The results show that surface water quality meets India's most stringent treated wastewater discharge standards prescribed by the Hon'ble National Green Tribunal. Due to these recycling efforts, significant improvements in groundwater level and quality were found. It was observed that there was a noticeable difference in agricultural cropping areas, seasons, patterns, and production between impacted and non-impacted areas. Post-recycling, farmers tended to cultivate cash and water-intensive crops over less water-intensive crops. During the post-recycling period, livestock and milk production also increased, and in impacted areas, it was significantly higher. Post-recycling, fish production increased and land prices per hectare increased by 118 % in impacted areas. The farmer's net income under flowers and vegetable farming increased by 202 % and 150 % respectively in impacted areas compared to non-impacted areas. Furthermore, this project contributes to a circular economy transition in the water sector, which has economic, environmental, social, and cultural benefits. A key recommendation from the outcomes of the study is to draft and implement a policy that encourages the reuse of recycled water for groundwater recharge which in turn will improve the agro-economic system and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Manisha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Kavita Verma
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - T P Anirudha
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R M Santrupt
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Reshmi Das
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M S Mohan Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Gitam University, India
| | - H N Chanakya
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Pratap B, Kumar S, Nand S, Azad I, Bharagava RN, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Dutta V. Wastewater generation and treatment by various eco-friendly technologies: Possible health hazards and further reuse for environmental safety. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137547. [PMID: 36529169 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of untreated wastewater as a result of various developmental activities such as urbanization, industrialization and changes in lifestyle poses great threats to aquatic ecosystems as well as humans. Currently, ∼380 billion m3 (380 trillion liters) of wastewater is generated globally every year. Around 70% of freshwater withdrawals are used for agricultural production throughout the world. The wastewater generated through agricultural run-off further pollutes freshwater resources. However, only 24% of the total wastewater generated from households and industries is treated before its disposal in rivers or reused in agriculture. The most problematic contaminants associated with ecological toxicity are heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb, Hg, As and Mn. One of the most important issues linked with wastewater generation is the residual presence of pathogenic microorganisms which pose potential health hazards to consumers when they enter into the food chain. It is estimated that in India almost USD 600 million (48.60 billion INR) is spent per year to tackle waterborne diseases (WBD). In light of this, immediate action is needed to effectively treat wastewater and develop safer reuse prospects. Various wastewater treatment technologies have been established and they work well to provide an alternative water source to meet the growing demand. The main concern towards treating wastewater is to eliminate inorganic and organic substances and lower the nutrient concentration, total solids, and microbial pathogens to prevent freshwater pollution and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Pratap
- Department of Environmental Science (DES), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (SEES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Utter Pradesh, India.
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science (DES), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (SEES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Sampurna Nand
- Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), 436, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Iqbal Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226 026, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (SEES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Avenida Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Avenida Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Venkatesh Dutta
- Department of Environmental Science (DES), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (SEES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 025, Utter Pradesh, India
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32
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Jain S, Tembhurkar AR. Utilization of isolated microbe and treated wastewater for enhanced growth of Jatropha curcas for bioremediation of fly ash amended soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120523. [PMID: 36326558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The generation of Fly Ash (FA) waste is continuously piling up with the increasing energy demand. Recent research is focused towards reutilizing this fly ash waste through bioremediation practices. But fly ash retards the growth of plants and holds back to support the bioremediation process due to a deficiency of essential main nutrients. The present research envisages overcoming this problem by providing a novel concept of inducing isolated microbes and treated wastewater which provides necessary nutrients and promotes better plant growth and metal extraction. A pot experimental study was executed with treatments T1 (FA amended soil), T2 (FA with isolated microbe), and T3 (FA with microbes and treated wastewater). As an outcome of the present research, T3 gained relatively higher morphological characteristics viz. Leaf area (29.8%), absolute growth rate (61.7%), plastochron index (18.6%), biomass yield (47.3%) and enhanced metal extraction for Fe (34.4%), Al (27.1%), Mn (72.0%), Zn (17.5%) in comparison to the control. Treatment T3 also gained higher Remediation Efficiency (RE) and Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) values for Al, Fe, and Mn. The involvement of nutrients via treated wastewater energizes the process mechanism and increases the working zone for the microbes thereby, enhancing the bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Jain
- Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
| | - Ajay R Tembhurkar
- Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
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Jesus F, Domingues E, Bernardo C, Pereira JL, Martins RC, Gomes J. Ozonation of Selected Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Secondary Effluent-Degradation Kinetics and Environmental Assessment. TOXICS 2022; 10:765. [PMID: 36548598 PMCID: PMC9785417 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of ozonation depends on the water matrix and the reaction time. Herein, these factors were addressed by assessing the removal of five pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by ozonation. The main aims were: (i) to assess the effects of the water matrix on the degradation kinetics of PPCPs, individually and in mixture, following ozonation; and (ii) to assess the ecotoxicological impact of the ozone reaction time on the treatment of a spiked municipal wastewater (MW) added the five PPCPs over several species. The degradation of the PPCPs was faster in ultrapure water, with all PPCPs being removed in 20 min, whereas in the MW, a 30 min ozonation period was required to achieve a removal close to 100%. Increasing the number of PPCPs in the water matrix did not affect the time required for their removal in the MW. Regarding the ecotoxicity assessment, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna were the least sensitive species, whereas Lemna minor was the most sensitive. The temporal variation of the observed effects corroborates the degradation of the added PPCPs and the formation of toxic degradation by-products. The removal of the parent compounds did not guarantee decreased hazardous potential to biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eva Domingues
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Bernardo
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana L. Pereira
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui C. Martins
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Gomes
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Abeed AHA, Ali M, Eissa MA, Tammam SA. Impact of sewage water irrigation on Datura innoxia grown in sandy loam soil. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:559. [PMID: 36460955 PMCID: PMC9716744 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential solution for recycling and reusing the massively produced sewage water (SW) is to irrigate certain plants instead of highly cost recycling treatment. Although the extensive and irrational application of SW may cause environmental pollution thus, continual monitoring of the redox status of the receiver plant and the feedback on its growth under application becomes an emergent instance. The impact of SW, along with well water (WW) irrigation of medicinal plant, Datura innoxia, was monitored by some physio-biochemical indices. RESULTS The SW application amplified the growth, yield, minerals uptake, and quality of D. innoxia plants compared to the WW irrigated plants. The total chlorophyll, carotenoid, non-enzymatic antioxidants, viz. anthocyanin, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and total alkaloids increased by 85, 38, 81, 50, 19, and 37%, respectively, above WW irrigated plants. The experiment terminated in enhanced leaf content of N, P, and K by 43, 118, and 48%, respectively. Moreover, stimulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in terms of proteins, soluble sugars, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) content showed significant earliness in flowering time. The SW application improved not only Datura plants' quality but also soil quality. After four weeks of irrigation, the WW irrigated plants encountered nutrient deficiency-induced stress evidenced by the high level of proline, H2O2, and MDA as well as high enzyme capabilities. Application of SW for irrigation of D. innoxia plant showed the improvement of secondary metabolites regulating enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), restored proline content, and cell redox status reflecting high optimal condition for efficient cellular metabolism and performance along the experiment duration. CONCLUSIONS These evidences approved the benefits of practicing SW to improve the yield and quality of D. innoxia and the feasibility of generalization on multipurpose plants grown in poor soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany H. A. Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516 Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753 Egypt
| | - Mamdouh A. Eissa
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
| | - Suzan A. Tammam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516 Egypt
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Martel-Rodríguez GM, Millán-Gabet V, Mendieta-Pino CA, García-Romero E, Sánchez-Ramírez JR. Long-Term Performance of a Hybrid-Flow Constructed Wetlands System for Urban Wastewater Treatment in Caldera de Tirajana (Santa Lucía, Gran Canaria, Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14871. [PMID: 36429595 PMCID: PMC9690933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the results that have been obtained in a real case study of a hybrid constructed wetlands system, which has been in continuous operation for over 11 years. The main aim of the study was to understand the long-term operation and efficiency of the system (which is situated in the municipality of Santa Lucía, Gran Canaria, Spain), which comprises two vertical-flow and one horizontal-flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of urban wastewater. The system, which was originally designed to treat a flow rate of 12.5 m3/day, with a load of 100 equivalent inhabitants, has been operating since its inauguration (July 2008), with a flow rate of almost 35 m3/day and a load of 400 equivalent inhabitants. Despite this, the mean total removal efficiencies during the study period (2014-2019) are optimal for a system of these characteristics, as follows: 92% for 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 89% for the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 97% for the total suspended solids (TSS). The system efficiency, with respect to nutrient removal, was somewhat lower, resulting in 48% for total N and 35% for NH4. It has been confirmed with this study that this type of system is an appropriate, robust, resilient nature-based solution for the treatment of the wastewater that is generated in small communities, especially in zones with a warm climate, stable mean temperatures, and mild winters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Millán-Gabet
- Water Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC), 35119 Santa Lucía, Spain
| | - Carlos A. Mendieta-Pino
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35214 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eva García-Romero
- Mancomunidad Intermunicipal del Sureste de Gran Canaria, 35118 Agüimes, Spain
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36
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Health risk implications of iron in wastewater soil-food crops grown in the vicinity of peri urban areas of the District Sargodha. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275497. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrigation using sewage water can be beneficial, as it can increase the productivity of crops but has negative consequences on crops, soil contamination, and human health. It contains a variety of toxins, such as chemicals and heavy metals, which damage the soil and crops. In this regard, the aim of the research was to assess the potential health hazards of iron (Fe) metal in food crops (leafy and root crops) treated with wastewater (T_1), canal water (T_2), and tube well water (T_3). Water, soil, and edible components of food crops were collected at random from three distinct locations. Fe concentration in samples was estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, following wet digestion method. The Fe concentrations, ranged from 0.408 to 1.03 mg/l in water, 31.55 to 187.47 mgkg-1 in soil and 4.09 to 32.583 mgkg-1 in crop samples; which were within permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). There was a positive correlation between soils and crops. The bioconcentration factor, enrichment factor (EF), daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), and target hazard quotient (THQ) all values were <1, except for a pollution load index >1, which indicated soil contamination, but there was no Fe toxicity in crops, no health risk, and no-carcinogenic risk for these food crops in humans. To prevent the excessive accumulation of Fe metal in the food chain, regular monitoring is needed.
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37
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Mannina G, Gulhan H, Ni BJ. Water reuse from wastewater treatment: The transition towards circular economy in the water sector. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127951. [PMID: 36108940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water is crucial for economic development since it interacts with the agricultural, production, and energy sectors. However, the increasing demand and climate change put pressure on water sources. This paper argued the necessity of using reclaimed water for irrigation within the scope of a circular economy. The barriers (i.e., technological and economic, institutional/regulatory, and social) to water reuse practices were revealed. Lessons on how to overcome the barriers were learned from good practices. The roadmaps adopted in the European Union for the transition towards the circular economy were reviewed. It has been observed that these roadmaps are generally on the circularity of solid wastes. However, water is too important for the economy to be ignored in the transition towards circular economy. Research needs and perspective for a comprehensive roadmap to widen water-smart solutions such as water reuse were drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department - Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Hazal Gulhan
- Engineering Department - Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Ranieri L, Vrouwenvelder JS, Fortunato L. Periodic fouling control strategies in gravity-driven membrane bioreactors (GD-MBRs): Impact on treatment performance and membrane fouling properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156340. [PMID: 35654208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effects of periodic membrane fouling control strategies in Gravity-Driven Membrane Bioreactor (GD-MBR) treating primary wastewater. The impact of each control strategy on the reactor performance (permeate flux and water quality), biomass morphology, and fouling composition were evaluated. The application of air scouring coupled with intermittent filtration resulted in the highest permeate flux (4 LMH) compared to only intermittent filtration (i.e., relaxation) (1 LMH) and air scouring under continuous filtration (2.5 LMH). Air scouring coupled with relaxation led to a thin (~50 μm) but with more porous fouling layer and low hydraulic resistance, presenting the lowest concentration of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the biomass. Air scouring under continuous filtration led to a thin (~50 μm), dense, compact, and less porous fouling layer with the highest specific hydraulic resistance. The employment of only relaxation led to the highest fouling formation (~280 μm) on the membrane surface. The highest TN removal (~62%) was achieved in the reactor with only relaxation (no aeration) due to the anoxic condition in the filtration tank, while the highest COD removal (~ 60%) was achieved with air scouring under continuous filtration due to the longer aeration time and the denser fouling layer. The results highlighted the importance of performing in-depth fouling characterization to link the membrane fouling properties to the hydraulic resistance and membrane bioreactor performances (i.e., water quality and water production). Moreover, this work proven the versatility of the GD-MBR, where the choice of the appropriate operation and fouling control strategy relies on the eventual discharge or reuse of the treated effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ranieri
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Kalboussi N, Biard Y, Pradeleix L, Rapaport A, Sinfort C, Ait-Mouheb N. Life cycle assessment as decision support tool for water reuse in agriculture irrigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155486. [PMID: 35476952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a decision support tool that evaluates the environmental efficiency of water reclamation for agricultural irrigation, among other options. The developed tool is published as open source at https://doi.org/10.18167/DVN1/YLP1BA. The objective of this decision support tool is to facilitate the interpretation of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results. This framework was applied to a representative case of reuse of reclaimed water for vine irrigation at the Murviel-Les-Montpellier experimental site (Hérault, France). It was then generalized through modeling assumptions to consider different reuse scenarios. To highlight situations in which the supply of recycled water for irrigation may or may not provide significant environmental benefits, three main parameters were varied: (i) tertiary treatment technologies, (ii) availability of conventional water sources, (iii) energy mix composition. The results show that the environmental impact of reclaimed water depends directly on the type of tertiary treatment technology and the location of the treatment plant in relation to the field and other water sources. The decision support tool has identified where wastewater reuse is clearly an environmentally beneficial source of irrigation among surface and groundwater sources (e.g., WWTP closer to field than river, groundwater too deep, tertiary treatment environmentally beneficial). However, there are many situations where the decision support process cannot distinguish between water reuse for agricultural irrigation and conventional water sources, especially when the nutrient content of treated municipal wastewater is insufficient to offset the negative effects of high energy requirements and chemicals of tertiary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Kalboussi
- Laboratory of Desalination and Nature Water Valorization, Centre of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), B.P. 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia.
| | - Yannick Biard
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; ELSA, Research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Ludivine Pradeleix
- G-EAU, AgroParisTech, Cirad, IRD, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, ELSA Research Group, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Rapaport
- MISTEA, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Sinfort
- ITAP, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nassim Ait-Mouheb
- INRAE, UMR G-Eau, University of Montpellier, Avenue Jean-François Breton, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Abd-Elhamid HF, El-Saiad AA, Salama ZI, Zeleňáková M, El-Gohary EH. Evaluating the Hydraulic Effects of the Flow through and over the Submerged Biofilter Installed in Polluted Streams. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10324. [PMID: 36011960 PMCID: PMC9408485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The problem of shortage in freshwater resources in many countries around the world has led to the use of unconventional water resources such as treated wastewater and agricultural drains water to bridge the gap between the demand and supply. However, the open nature of most agricultural drains and the spread of population cumulation around them has made them vulnerable to many organic and inorganic pollutants. One of the artificial methods used to enhance the self-purification process in polluted streams is submerged biofilters (SB). However, most of the previous studies focused on the efficiency of the biofilter to remove the pollutants, and there is a lack of studies on hydraulic changes. This study aims to assess the hydraulic effects of the submerged biofilter of star-shaped plastic media on water streams and develop a mathematical formula that could predict such effects. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted with 60 total runs (30 for flow through biofilter and 30 for flow over biofilter), and dimensional analyses with multi-linear regression analysis were used to correlate different parameters that affect the flow through and over the biofilter. The mathematical relationships were developed to determine the changes in the upstream water level and that heading up in streams due to the use of the biofilter for both cases of flow. The results of the new formulas are very close to the experimental results, with (R2 = 0.89) for flow through the biofilter and (R2 = 0.993) for the flow over biofilter. In addition, the results were very close to other developed equations. The developed formulas were used to predict the upstream water depth (h1) by knowing the discharge (Q), length (L), and width (B) of the biofilter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany F. Abd-Elhamid
- Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Center for Research and Innovation in Construction, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Atef A. El-Saiad
- Department of Water and Water Structures Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Zeinab I. Salama
- Public Directorate for South Sharkia Drainage, Zagazig 44516, Egypt
| | - Martina Zeleňáková
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Emad H. El-Gohary
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Seyoum MM, Lichtenberg R, Orlofsky E, Bernstein N, Gillor O. Antibiotic resistance in soil and tomato crop irrigated with freshwater and two types of treated wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113021. [PMID: 35276198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural use of treated wastewater (TWW) is an effective means to reduce freshwater (FW) consumption. However, there is a growing concern regarding the potential dissemination of antibiotic resistance elements by TWW irrigation. We hypothesized that higher levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) would be detected in soil and crops irrigated with TWW compared to FW irrigation. To test our prediction, samples of water (FW, secondary TWW, and tertiary TWW), irrigated soils, and crops (tomato) surface wash were collected during two consecutive growing seasons. The ARGs conferring resistance to sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline were quantified in the samples, alongside Class 1 integron-integrase and the bacterial 16 S rRNA encoding genes. Contrary to our hypothesis, ARGs in the irrigation water were not propagated to either the irrigated soil, or the tomato. The tomato surface wash featured a variety of ARGs that were undetected in neither the waters nor the irrigated soils. Therefore, we cautiously question the link between irrigation water quality and the soil and produce resistomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitiku Mihiret Seyoum
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Rachel Lichtenberg
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Ezra Orlofsky
- School of Engineering, Kinneret Academic College, Zemach, Emek HaYarden, 1513200, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Osnat Gillor
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel.
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42
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Deemter D, Oller I, Amat AM, Malato S. Advances in membrane separation of urban wastewater effluents for (pre)concentration of microcontaminants and nutrient recovery: A mini review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Partyka ML, Bond RF. Wastewater reuse for irrigation of produce: A review of research, regulations, and risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154385. [PMID: 35271919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The burden of disease caused by the contamination of ready-to-eat produce with common waterborne microbial pathogens suggests that irrigation supplies should be closely monitored and regulated. Simultaneously freshwater resources have become increasingly scarce worldwide while global demand continues to grow. Since the turn of the 20th century with the advent of modern wastewater treatment plants, the reuse of treated wastewater is considered a safe and viable water source for irrigation of ready-to-eat vegetables. However strict, and often costly, treatment regimens mean that only a fraction of the world's wastewater supplies are being put to reuse. The purpose of this review is to explore the available literature on the risks associated with reuse water for ready-to-eat produce production including different approaches to reducing those risks as the demand for reuse water increases. It is not the intent of the authors to determine which methods of treatment should be applied, which pathogens should be considered of greatest concern, or which regulations should be applied. Rather, it is meant to be a discussion of the evolving guidelines governing irrigation with reuse water, potential risks from known pathogens common to produce production and recommendations for improving the adoption of water reuse moving forward. To date, there is little evidence to suggest that adequately treated reuse water poses more risk for produce-related illness or outbreaks than other sources of irrigation water. However, multiple epidemiological and quantitative risk assessment models suggest that guidelines for the use of reuse water should be regionally specific and based on local growing practices, available technologies for wastewater treatment, and overall population health. Though research suggests water reuse is generally safe, the assumptions of risk are both personal and of public interest, they should be considered carefully before water reuse is either allowed or disallowed in produce production environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Partyka
- Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
| | - Ronald F Bond
- Western Center for Food Safety, Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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Effect of Treated Wastewater Irrigation on the Accumulation and Transfer of Heavy Metals in Lemon Trees Cultivated in Arid Environment. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The Middle East is considered as one of the driest regions of the world and the use of municipal-treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural purposes is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous irrigation of TWW in lemon orchards on the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil, as well as their uptake and translocation to aerial parts of the trees. For this purpose, two lemon orchards were selected to be irrigated from two different water sources: TWW from a tertiary treatment plant and freshwater (SW) from Moses springs in Jordan. Continuous irrigation with TWW resulted in higher concentrations of nutrients and HM accumulation in the soil as compared to SW. However, HM accumulation in the soil was found to be within the acceptable range according to the standards of the WHO. On the contrary, the continuous irrigation with TWW resulted in the accumulation of HMs in plant parts when compared to SW irrigation; the fruits were clearly affected by the accumulation of high levels of Cd and Pb that exceed the maximum limits for the presence of HMs in plant tissues. The irrigation of lemon trees with TWW had a significant effect on the bioaccumulation factor and translocation factors (TF) of HMs into different lemon tree parts. Heavy metal accumulation coincided with high translocation rates to different tree parts, and this is considered to be a main challenge for long-term irrigation with TWW in arid environments.
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45
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Assessment of the Effect of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Soil Properties and on the Performance of Infiltration Models. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An alternative strategy for saving limited water resources is using treated wastewater (TWW) originating from wastewater treatment plants. However, using TWW can influence soil properties owing to its characteristics compared to conventional water resources. Therefore, assessing the effect of TWW on soil properties and soil water infiltration is crucial to maintain sustainable use of TWW and to increase the water use efficiency of the precious irrigation water. Moreover, several studies were carried out to assess the performance of infiltration models. However, few studies evaluate infiltration models under the use of treated wastewater. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of TWW irrigation on soil properties after 2 and 5 years and to evaluate five classical infiltration models with field data collected from soil irrigated by treated wastewater for their capability in predicting soil water infiltration. This study revealed that using TWW for irrigation affects significantly on soil properties after 2 and 5 years. The soil irrigated with TWW had significantly higher electrical conductivity, organic matter, sodium adsorption ratio, cation exchange capacity, and lower soil bulk density compared to control. The basic infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration decreased significantly compared to control (60.84, 14.04, and 8.42 mm hr−1 and 140 mm, 72 mm, and 62 mm for control, 2, and 5 years’ treatments, respectively). The performance of the infiltration models proposed by Philip, Horton, Kostiakov, Modified Kostiakov, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service was evaluated with consideration of mean error, root mean square error, model efficiency, and Willmott’s index. Horton model had the lowest mean error (0.0008) and Philip model had the lowest root mean square error (0.1700) while Natural Resources Conservation Service had the highest values (0.0433 and 0.5898) for both mean error and root mean square error, respectively. Moreover, Philip model had the highest values of model efficiency and Willmott’s index, 0.9994 and 0.9998, respectively, whereas Horton model had the lowest values for the same indices, 0.9869 and 0.9967, respectively. Philip model followed by Modified Kostiakov model were the most efficient models in predicting cumulative infiltration, while Natural Resources Conservation Service model was the least predictable model.
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Microplastic Pollution Focused on Sources, Distribution, Contaminant Interactions, Analytical Methods, and Wastewater Removal Strategies: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095610. [PMID: 35565001 PMCID: PMC9104288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been one of the most useful materials in the world, due to their distinguishing characteristics: light weight, strength, flexibility, and good durability. In recent years, the growing consumption of plastics in industries and domestic applications has revealed a serious problem in plastic waste treatments. Pollution by microplastics has been recognized as a serious threat since it may contaminate all ecosystems, including oceans, terrestrial compartments, and the atmosphere. This micropollutant is spread in all types of environments and is serving as a “minor but efficient” vector for carrier contaminants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The need to deeply study and update the evolution of microplastic sources, toxicology, extraction and analysis, and behavior is imperative. This review presents an actual state of microplastics, addressing their presence in the environment, the toxicological effects and the need to understand their extent, their interactions with toxic pollutants, the problems that arise in the definition of analytical methods, and the possible alternatives of treatments.
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Influence of Reclaimed Water Quality on Infiltration Characteristics of Typical Subtropical Zone Soils: A Case Study in South China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Irrigation with reclaimed water (RW) can alleviate water scarcity and improve the environmental and economic benefits. However, RW contains a large number of salts, suspended particles, organic matter, etc., which can affect soil infiltration. Previous studies focused on the examination of this effect in alkaline soils, but the infiltration change of acidic soils has seldom been investigated. This study selects four typical types of soil in the subtropical area in the south of China and designs experiments using different concentrations of RW to examine the influence of RW on the infiltration of various acid soils. The short-term impact is examined based on a one-dimensional horizontal method, and the long-term infiltration characteristics are measured by a Mini Disk infiltration meter with one year’s RW irrigation. Results show that RW irrigation can restrain the short-term infiltration of red soil while accelerating that of purple soil, aquic soil and paddy soil. Regarding the long-term effect, the cumulative infiltration of red soil increases with the decline of the concentration of RW, while there is no unique trend for the other soils. After one year’s RW irrigation, physical properties such as soil particle size distribution, texture and EC have changed. For red soil, EC increased significantly with RW irrigation, from 46.7 µS/cm to 101.07 µS/cm. However, regarding aquic soil, EC decreased from 157.05 µS/cm to 123.20 µS/cm. Moreover, the infiltration rate coefficient of red soil and aquic soil exhibits a significant positive correlation with RW concentration (p < 0.01), while the silt content shows a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.01). Furthermore, soil infiltration parameters c and S value of the purple soil, paddy soil, is significantly negative correlated with pH value (p < 0.01). The results reflected that appropriate RW quality for irrigation is different among various soil types, which will influence the sustainable application of RW. It can shed insights into solving the water scarcity issue and improving water sustainability in subtropical regions.
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Tampo L, Alfa-Sika Mande SL, Adekanmbi AO, Boguido G, Akpataku KV, Ayah M, Tchakala I, Gnazou MDT, Bawa LM, Djaneye-Boundjou G, Alhassan EH. Treated wastewater suitability for reuse in comparison to groundwater and surface water in a peri-urban area: Implications for water quality management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152780. [PMID: 34982995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The climate change and population growth led to a severe water shortage that limits fresh water availability in some areas of Togo. Thus, the farmers of Adjougba District have no other choice than using treated wastewater as an alternative for irrigated agriculture. The purpose of this study is to compare the suitability of three types of water for uses with identification of the reliable parameters in the assessment of water suitability for irrigation and domestic purposes. The raw water quality parameters, water quality indices (WQIs) and water suitability indicators for irrigation purpose (WSI-IPs) were applied for the comparison while statistical analysis and, with some experts' consensus were used to identify reliable parameters. The results suggested that the treated wastewater is more suitable than groundwater for irrigation purpose. Treated wastewater constitutes a viable fertilizer supply and is placed like surface water from permissible to excellent classes according to WSI-IPs values. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity (EC), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Cl- and faecal coliforms (FC) are the most reliable parameters in the detection of water suitability for irrigation purpose. EC, DO, pH, turbidity or TSS, COD or CODMn, hardness, FC, NO3-, national sanitation foundation's water quality index (NSFWQI), and overall index of pollution (OPI) are the most reliable in the detection of water suitability for domestic use. The reliable parameters identified in this study are potential candidates for the development of a single water quality index for both irrigation and domestic uses in Adjougba District. However further study will be necessary for the identification of reliable parameters and the development of a water quality index at the country scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lallébila Tampo
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo.
| | - Seyf-Laye Alfa-Sika Mande
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Kara, BP 404, Togo; Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Abimbola Olumide Adekanmbi
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Goumpoukini Boguido
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo
| | - Kossitse Venyo Akpataku
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo; Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Kara, BP 404, Togo
| | - Massabalo Ayah
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo
| | - Ibrahim Tchakala
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo
| | - Masamaèya D T Gnazou
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo
| | - Limam Moctar Bawa
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo
| | - Gbandi Djaneye-Boundjou
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 1515, Togo
| | - Elliot Haruna Alhassan
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana
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Lyu S, Wu L, Wen X, Wang J, Chen W. Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on soil-crop systems in China: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152531. [PMID: 34953828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed wastewater (RW) use represents a substantial opportunity to alleviate the growing scarcity of water for irrigation of agricultural crops in China. However, insufficient understanding of the effects and fates of possible contaminants in RW promotes concerns over crop safety and prevents the extensive incorporation of RW in agriculture. We reviewed the characteristics of contaminants in RW, the fate of contaminants in soil-crop systems, and the effects of RW irrigation on soil quality and crop growth in China. We found that concentrations of heavy metals in RW were higher than the permissible limits in some areas. The total concentrations and main categories of emerging contaminants and pathogens in RW varied markedly among municipal wastewater treatment plants, and the greatest risks of contamination were posed by ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin, the most frequently observed compounds with risk quotients >1. The negative effects of salts and nutrients in RW on soil quality and crop growth were minor and manageable. The accumulation of heavy metals and emerging contaminants in soils irrigated with RW did not pose an immediate risk to soils and crops. Changes in soil microbial populations, diversity, and activity caused by RW irrigation increased crop yields and protected crops against contaminants. However, attention is necessary to the risks of bioaccumulation in soils and crops of heavy metals, emerging contaminants, intermediate metabolites, and pathogens, and their effects on human health with long-term RW irrigation. We recommend irrigation practices, crop screening, soil treatments, prioritizing the risks of contaminants, and comprehensive management to increase safety in RW used for agricultural irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Laosheng Wu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Estévez S, González-García S, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. How decentralized treatment can contribute to the symbiosis between environmental protection and resource recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151485. [PMID: 34742805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Challenges associated with the sustainability of the water cycle pose new opportunities for resource recovery and greater environmental protection. While centralized wastewater treatment plants must evolve in their design and operation to adapt to a scenario of increasing demand for water, resources and energy, the decentralized approach emerges as an option to be considered in small communities or developing residential areas where bioenergy production can be improved through the recovery of organic matter in segregated streams or where the investment in the sewer network for connection to a centralized facility may be technologically or economically unfeasible. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental and economic profile of a hybrid-decentralized configuration for the purpose of efficient wastewater management and resource recovery and its comparative evaluation with the centralized treatment scenario. Beyond water reclamation, decentralized treatment offers the possibility of valorization of digestate streams as nutrient sources for horticultural or ornamental crops in the vicinity of the plant. Based on the results of the environmental profile, this manuscript shows that the decentralized treatment approach is in line with the philosophy and guidelines of the circular economy, as it allows the use of reclaimed water and biofertilizers under safe and environmental-friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Estévez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sara González-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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