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Ramon-Gomez K, Ron SR, Deem SL, Pike KN, Stevens C, Izurieta JC, Nieto-Claudin A. Plastic ingestion in giant tortoises: An example of a novel anthropogenic impact for Galapagos wildlife. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122780. [PMID: 37863249 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The human population of Galapagos has rapidly increased in the last decades accelerating the anthropogenic pressures on the archipelago's natural resources. The growing human footprint, including inadequate management of garbage, may lead to conservation conflicts. Here, we assessed the ingestion of debris by Western Santa Cruz giant tortoises (Chelonoidis porteri) within human-modified and protected areas. Additionally, we characterized environmental debris and quantified tortoise abundance together with tortoise fecal samples. We processed a total of 6629 fecal samples along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance based on human debris presence. We found 590 pieces of debris in samples within human-modified areas (mean of 3.97 items/kg of feces) and only two pieces in the protected area (mean of 0.08 items/kg of feces). Plastic waste was the predominant category in feces within the anthropic area (86.3%; n = 511), followed by cloth, metal, paper, synthetic rubber, construction materials, and glass. On average, the proportion of plastic was higher in feces (84%) than it was in environmental debris (67%), denoting that plastics are more readily ingested than other types of debris. We also found that green, white, and light blue plastics were consumed more often than their prevalence in the environment, suggesting color discrimination. Tortoise abundance was higher in the protected area when compared to the human-modified area; however, recapture rates were higher in anthropized landscapes which increases tortoise exposure to plastics and other human associated threats. Our results indicate that plastics are frequently consumed by tortoises in the polluted anthropic areas of western Santa Cruz, but scarce in protected areas. More research is needed to understand the negative impacts associated with plastics for Galapagos terrestrial species. We encourage local stakeholders to implement current policies limiting expansion of urban areas, plastic use, and improving waste management systems to minimize threats to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ramon-Gomez
- Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Avenue, Santa Cruz, 200350, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago R Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sharon L Deem
- Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Avenue, Santa Cruz, 200350, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, One Government Drive, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kyana N Pike
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4810, Australia
| | - Colton Stevens
- Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Avenue, Santa Cruz, 200350, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Juan Carlos Izurieta
- Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Avenue, Santa Cruz, 200350, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Ainoa Nieto-Claudin
- Charles Darwin Foundation, Charles Darwin Avenue, Santa Cruz, 200350, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, One Government Drive, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Complutense University of Madrid, Veterinary Faculty, Puerta de Hierro Av, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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Chaturvedi K, Singhwane A, Dhangar M, Mili M, Gorhae N, Naik A, Prashant N, Srivastava AK, Verma S. Bamboo for producing charcoal and biochar for versatile applications. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2023:1-27. [PMID: 36817514 PMCID: PMC9924895 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo, the fastest-growing plant, has several unique characteristics that make it appropriate for diverse applications. It is low-cost, high-tensile, lightweight, flexible, durable, and capable of proliferating even in ineffectual areas (e.g., incline). This review discusses the unique properties of bamboo for making charcoal and biochar for diverse applications. To produce bamboo charcoal and biochar, this study reports on the pyrolysis process for the thermal degradation of organic materials in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere under a specific temperature. This is an alternative method for turning waste biomass into products with additional value, such as biochar. Due to various advantages, bamboo charcoal is preferred over regular charcoal as it has four times the absorption rate and ten times more surface area reported. According to the reports, the charcoal yield ranges from 24.60 to 74.27%. Bamboo chopsticks were the most useful source for producing charcoal, with a high yield of 74.27% at 300 °C in nitrogen, but the thorny bamboo species have a tremendous amount of minimal charcoal, i.e., 24.60%. The reported biochar from bamboo yield ranges from 32 to 80%. The most extensive biochar production is produced by the bamboo D. giganteus, which yields 80% biochar at 300 °C. Dry bamboo stalks at 400 °C produced 32% biochar. One of the sections highlights biochar as a sustainable solution for plastic trash management produced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another section is dedicated to the knowledge enhancement about the broad application spectrum of the charcoal and biochar. The last section highlights the conclusions, future perspectives, and recommendations on the charcoal and biochar derived from bamboo. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamna Chaturvedi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, MP 462026 India
| | - Anju Singhwane
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
| | - Manish Dhangar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
| | - Medha Mili
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, MP 462026 India
| | - Nikhil Gorhae
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, MP 462026 India
| | - Ajay Naik
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, MP 462026 India
| | - N. Prashant
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
| | - A. K. Srivastava
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, MP 462026 India
| | - Sarika Verma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, MP 462026 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, MP 462026 India
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3
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Lee H, Shim JE, Park IH, Choo KS, Yeo MK. Physical and biomimetic treatment methods to reduce microplastic waste accumulation. Mol Cell Toxicol 2023; 19:13-25. [PMID: 36157379 PMCID: PMC9490688 DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019, the use of plastics has increased exponentially, so it is imperative to manage and dispose of these plastic wastes safely. Objectives This review focuses on the management strategies governed by the policies of each country to reduce plastic waste through physical collection methods and methods that use eco-imitation technologies. Results Thus far, physical treatment methods have been applied to sewage and drinking water treatment. The abilities of bio-inspired treatment methods are being assessed in terms of capturing microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), extracting substances from marine organisms, reducing toxicity, and developing alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. Conclusions Various post-treatment methods have been proposed to collect and remove MPs and NPs that have reached into aquatic ecosystems and subsequently reduce their toxicity. However, there are limitations that the effectiveness of these methods is hindered by the lack of policies governing the entire process of plastic use before the post-treatment. Purpose of Review We purpose to reduce plastic waste through methods that use eco-imitation technologies. Recent Findings These eco-imitation methods are attracting attention as viable future plastic waste treatment options in line with the goals of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesoo Lee
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Eun Shim
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - In Hae Park
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sil Choo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Yeo
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea ,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
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4
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Sucharitakul P, Pitt KA. Towards robust and repeatable methods for studying interactions between jellyfish and microplastics. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 182:105774. [PMID: 36332420 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies of microplastics are increasing exponentially and standard protocols are only beginning to be established. Jellyfish are considered susceptible to ingesting microplastics because they feed on small, suspended particles. Inconsistent approaches used to study interactions between jellyfish and microplastics, however, make comparisons among studies difficult. Here we review aspects of the methods used to sample jellyfish in the field and experimental approaches used in the laboratory to study interactions between jellyfish and microplastics, recommend some standard protocols and identify areas for further research. We highlight the need for experiments to be environmentally relevant, to study a greater diversity of species and to study different life history stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kylie A Pitt
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 4222, Australia.
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5
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Vince J, Praet E, Schofield J, Townsend K. 'Windows of opportunity': exploring the relationship between social media and plastic policies during the COVID-19 Pandemic. POLICY SCIENCES 2022; 55:737-753. [PMID: 36405102 PMCID: PMC9664033 DOI: 10.1007/s11077-022-09479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has reached a crisis point due to ineffective waste management, an over-reliance on single-use plastic items and a lack of suitable plastic alternatives. The COVID-19 Pandemic has seen a dramatic increase in the use of single-use plastics including 'COVID waste' in the form of items specifically intended to help stop the spread of disease. Many governments have utilised COVID-19 as a window of opportunity to reverse, postpone or remove plastic policies off agendas ostensibly in order to 'flatten the curve' of COVID-19 cases. In this paper, we use novel methods of social media analysis relating to three regions (USA, Mexico and Australia) to suggest that health and hygiene were not the only reasons governments utilised this window of opportunity to change plastic policies. Beyond the influence of social media on the plastics agenda, our results highlight the potential of social media as a tool to analyse public reactions to government decisions that can be influenced by industry pressure and a broader political agenda, while not necessarily following responses to consumer behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Vince
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7250 Australia
| | - Estelle Praet
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Kathy Townsend
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD Australia
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6
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Shruti VC, Pérez-Guevara F, Roy PD, Kutralam-Muniasamy G. Strengthening citizen science partnerships with frontline sanitation personnel to study and tackle plastic pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY 2022; 137:70-74. [PMID: 36060013 PMCID: PMC9422775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has boosted demand for and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and other single-use plastics, adding to the environment's already high levels of plastic pollution and endangering biota. Estimating the relative abundance of PPE wastes that end up in the environment is crucial and has remained a challenge for COVID-19 researchers. Citizen science has been utilized in recent studies to monitor and collect data using volunteers, and it has proven to be a valuable approach even in difficult situations. The expansion of citizen scientific participation groups is important in light of the growing anthropogenic impacts of plastic pollution. To date, frontline sanitary personnel are often overlooked and underutilized in a citizen science perspective, yet they serve critical roles in maintaining cleanliness in key environmental settings (e.g., beaches and streets) both during and beyond the pandemic. This paper explores and emphasizes the advantages and need of including frontline sanitary personnel into citizen science for the benefit of both researchers and communities, as well as to encourage long-term goals in global plastic litter monitoring, thereby exemplifying citizen science opportunities. Recommendations are made to design in order to improve the future status of citizen science development.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Shruti
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fermín Pérez-Guevara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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7
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Shiu HT, Pan X, Liu Q, Long K, Cheng KKY, Ko BCB, Fang JKH, Zhu Y. Dietary exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics impairs fasting-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue from high-fat diet fed mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129698. [PMID: 35952428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The health concerns of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) surge, but the key indicators to evaluate the adverse risks of MPs/NPs are elusive. Recently, MPs/Ps were found to disturb glucose and lipid metabolism in rodents, suggesting that MPs/NPs may play a role in obesity progression. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that the distribution of fluorescent polystyrene nanoplastics (nPS, 60 nm) white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice. Furthermore, nPS could traffic across adipocytes in vitro and reduced lipolysis under β-adrenergic stimulation in adipocytes in vitro and ex vivo. Consistently, chronic oral exposure to nPS at the dietary exposure relevant concentrations (3 and 223 μg/kg body weight) impaired fasting-induced lipid mobilization in obese mice and subsequently contributed to larger adipocyte size in the subcutaneous WAT. In addition, the chronic exposure of nPS induced macrophage infiltration in the small intestine and increased lipid accumulation in the liver, accelerating the disruption of systemic metabolism. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential obesogenic role of nPS via diminishing lipid mobilization in WAT of obese mice and suggest that lipolysis relevant parameters may be used for evaluating the adverse effect of MPs/NPs in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Ting Shiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions
| | - Xiaohan Pan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions
| | - KeKao Long
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions
| | - Kenneth King Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions
| | - Ben Chi-Bun Ko
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions
| | - James Kar-Hei Fang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions; Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Regions.
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8
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Mansuy J, Migueres M, Trémeaux P, Izopet J. Will the latest wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic be an ecological disaster? There is an urgent need to replace plastic by ecologically virtuous materials. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e703. [PMID: 35949687 PMCID: PMC9358150 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Direct virological diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infectionis based on either viral antigen or viral genome detection. These methods, in addition to the dedicated reagents and transport packaging, require the use of quantities of plastic that may individually appear negligible but which, in the context of a pandemic, are very high. The aim was to estimate the amount of plastic involved in a diagnostic assay whether molecular or antigenic. Methods We weighed the plastics used to obtain a diagnostic assay result for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in our hospital. Results Each ready‐to‐use antigen assay requires about 20 g of plastic whereas the PCR assay implies the use of 30 g. This unit mass, when compared to our laboratory's SARS‐CoV‐2 genomic screening activity,represents more than 10 tons of plastic for 2021. At our region level (#6.10 inhabitants), more than 350 tons of plastic were used to carry out more than 7 million declared PCR assays and as many antigenic assays. Conclusions The virologic diagnostic activityl inked to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has highlighted once more our dependance for plastic use. We must already think about a more environmentally virtuous diagnostic activity by integrating a reasonned use of diagnostic tools and a higher use of ecological friendly material. Parallel the notion of waste management must also be addressed in order to limit their environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Michel Mansuy
- Laboratoire de virologie CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Institut fédératif de Biologie Toulouse France
| | - Marion Migueres
- Laboratoire de virologie CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Institut fédératif de Biologie Toulouse France
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291—CNRS UMR5051 Toulouse France
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Pauline Trémeaux
- Laboratoire de virologie CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Institut fédératif de Biologie Toulouse France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Laboratoire de virologie CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Institut fédératif de Biologie Toulouse France
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291—CNRS UMR5051 Toulouse France
- Université Toulouse III Paul‐Sabatier Toulouse France
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9
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Liu XY, Ma JY, Duan JL, Sun XD, Feng LJ, Li XH, Han Y, Zhang KX, Zhang M, Wang Y, Liu MY, Sun YC, Yuan XZ. The surface groups of polystyrene nanoparticles control their interaction with the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118993. [PMID: 36007401 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the interaction between nanoplastics and archaea is crucial to fill the knowledge gaps regarding the ecological safety of nanoplastics. As a vital source for global methane emissions, methanogenic archaea have unique cell membranes that are distinctly different from those in all other forms of life, little is known about their interaction with nanoplastics. Here, we show that polystyrene nanoparticles functionalized with sulfonic acid (PS-SO3H) and amino (PS-NH2) interact with this methanogenic archaeon in distinct ways. Although both of them have no significant phenotype effects on Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, these nanoparticles could affect DNA-mediated transposition of this methanogenic archaeon, and PS-SO3H also downregulated nitrogen fixation, nitrogen cycle metabolic process, oxidoreductase activity, etc. In addition, both nanoplastics decreased the protein contents in the extracellular polymer substances (EPS), with distinct binding sequences to the functional groups of the EPS. The single particle atomic force microscopy revealed that the force between the amino group and the M. acetivorans C2A was greater than that of sulfonic acid group. Our results exhibit that the surface groups of polystyrene nanoparticles control their risk on the methanogenic archaea, and these effects might influence their contribution on global methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Jing-Ya Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Jian-Lu Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yi Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Mou Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Mei-Yan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yu-Chen Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72 Rd. Binhai, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment (ISFREE), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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10
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Guler HG, Larsen BE, Quintana O, Goral KD, Carstensen S, Christensen ED, Kerpen NB, Schlurmann T, Fuhrman DR. Experimental study of non-buoyant microplastic transport beneath breaking irregular waves on a live sediment bed. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113902. [PMID: 35820236 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents experimental results on the cross-shore distribution of non-buoyant microplastic particles under irregular waves propagating, shoaling and breaking on live sediment sloping beds. Eighteen microplastic particle groups having various shapes, densities, and sizes are tested. The experiments consider two initial bottom configurations corresponding to a (i) plane bed and (ii) pre-developed singly-barred profile (more representative of field conditions). Four different microplastic accumulation hotspots are identified: offshore of the breaker bar, at the breaker bar, the plateau region between the breaker bar and beach, and the beach. It is found that the accumulation patterns primarily fall within three different particle Dean number regimes. The importance of plunger-type breaking waves for both on and offshore transport of microplastic particles is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gokhan Guler
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Eltard Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Oriol Quintana
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Koray Deniz Goral
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefan Carstensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erik Damgaard Christensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nils B Kerpen
- Ludwig-Franzius-Institute for Hydraulic, Estuarine and Coastal Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Torsten Schlurmann
- Ludwig-Franzius-Institute for Hydraulic, Estuarine and Coastal Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - David R Fuhrman
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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11
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Influence of the Total Consumption of Households on Municipal Waste Quantity in Romania. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable development is a worldwide concern. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of the final consumption expenditure on the total consumption of households in Romania. The regression function of the association between “the amount of municipal waste” and “the total consumption of households” has a direct linear relationship. The regression variable “total household consumption” (X) has a regression coefficient of −0.03031, which indicates that the amount of municipal waste decreases by one unit as household consumption increases by 30.31 units. Therefore, this regression coefficient indicates that the volume of municipal waste decreases by 30.31 tons to an increase in the final consumption expenditure of households of EUR 1 million. The influence of the final consumption expenditure of households by consumption purpose on the quantity of municipal waste is in the following order: health; housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels; clothing and footwear; miscellaneous goods and services; recreation and culture; food and non-alcoholic goods; restaurants and hotels; furnishing and household equipment and routine household maintenance; alcoholic and tobacco goods; communications; and education. The value of the Significance F must be less than 0.05. In the case of the model, it is found that this value exceeds the threshold of 0.05 in the case of consumption generated by health services, recreation and culture, restaurants and hotels, alcohol and tobacco goods, and communications. Regarding the high value of Significance F in relation to consumption, we find the sectors that generate the least amount of waste (services). In the case of all of the independent variables, we can note that the relationship is a negative one, which proves that an increase in the quantity of any expenditure of the households generates a decrease of the municipal waste quantity.
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12
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Zhang X, Ouyang B, Hou G, Chang P, Shao D. Application of poly(amidoxime)/scrap facemasks in extraction of uranium from seawater: from dangerous waste to nuclear power. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022; 331:3475-3484. [PMID: 35818625 PMCID: PMC9261141 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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13
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The Investigation of Key Factors in Polypropylene Extrusion Molding Production Quality. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study took food-grade polypropylene packaging products as the research project and discussed how to control the polypropylene extrusion sheet thickness and vacuum thermoforming quality and weight. The research objective was to find the key factors for reducing costs and energy consumption. The key aspects that may influence the polypropylene extrusion molding quality control were analyzed using literature and in-depth interviews with scholars and experts. These four main aspects are (1) key factors of polypropylene extrusion sheet production, (2) key factors of the extrusion line design, (3) key factors of polypropylene forming and mold manufacturing, and (4) key factors of mold and thermoforming line equipment design. These were revised and complemented by the scholar and expert group. There are 49 subitems for discussion. Thirteen scholars and experts were invited to use qualitative and quantitative research methods. A Delphi questionnaire survey team was organized to perform three Delphi questionnaire interviews. The statistical analyses of encoded data such as the mean (M), mode (Mo), and standard deviation (SD) of various survey options were calculated. Seeking a more cautious research theory and result, the K-S simple sample test was used to review the fitness and consistency of the scholars’ and experts’ opinions on key subitem factors. There are ten key factors in the production quality, including “A. Main screw pressure”, “B. Polymer temperature”, “C. T-die lips adjustment thickness”, “D. Cooling rolls pressing stability”, “E. Cooling rolls temperature stability”, “F. Extruder main screw geometric design”, “G. Heating controller is stable”, “H. Thermostatic control”, “I. Vacuum pressure”, and “J. Mold forming area design”. The key factors are not just applicable to classical polypropylene extrusion sheet and thermoforming production but also to related process of extrusion and thermoforming techniques in expanded polypropylene (EPP) sheets and polylactic acid (PLA). This study aims to provide a key technical reference for enterprises to improve quality to enhance the competitiveness of products, reduce production costs, and achieve sustainable development, energy savings, and carbon reductions.
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14
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Melchor-Martínez EM, Macías-Garbett R, Alvarado-Ramírez L, Araújo RG, Sosa-Hernández JE, Ramírez-Gamboa D, Parra-Arroyo L, Alvarez AG, Monteverde RPB, Cazares KAS, Reyes-Mayer A, Yáñez Lino M, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Towards a Circular Economy of Plastics: An Evaluation of the Systematic Transition to a New Generation of Bioplastics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061203. [PMID: 35335534 PMCID: PMC8955033 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics have become an essential part of the modern world thanks to their appealing physical and chemical properties as well as their low production cost. The most common type of polymers used for plastic account for 90% of the total production and are made from petroleum-based nonrenewable resources. Concerns over the sustainability of the current production model and the environmental implications of traditional plastics have fueled the demand for greener formulations and alternatives. In the last decade, new plastics manufactured from renewable sources and biological processes have emerged from research and have been established as a commercially viable solution with less adverse effects. Nevertheless, economic and legislative challenges for biobased plastics hinder their widespread implementation. This review summarizes the history of plastics over the last century, including the most relevant bioplastics and production methods, the environmental impact and mitigation of the adverse effects of conventional and emerging plastics, and the regulatory landscape that renewable and recyclable bioplastics face to reach a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
| | - Rodrigo Macías-Garbett
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
| | - Lynette Alvarado-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
| | - Rafael G. Araújo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
| | - Diana Ramírez-Gamboa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
| | - Lizeth Parra-Arroyo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
| | - Abraham Garza Alvarez
- Cadena Comercial OXXO S.A de C.V., Monterrey 64480, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (A.G.A.); (R.P.B.M.); (K.A.S.C.)
| | | | | | - Adriana Reyes-Mayer
- Centro de Caracterización e Investigación en Materiales S.A. de C.V., Jiutepec 62578, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Mauricio Yáñez Lino
- Polymer Solutions & Innovation S.A. de C.V., Jiutepec 62578, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.M.M.-M.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.-R.); (R.G.A.); (J.E.S.-H.); (D.R.-G.); (L.P.-A.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
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15
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COVID-19 Pandemic and Microplastic Pollution. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050851. [PMID: 35269339 PMCID: PMC8912350 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The world is suffering from aggravating, waste-generated consequences, and the contribution of microplastics to this problem is only increasing. A contributing factor to increased microplastic usage is the change in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) from specific use in limited locations (e.g., hospitals) to general use in widespread locations to protect against the current COVID-19 pandemic. This has resulted in an overflow of microfiber waste from homes, schools, streets, and elsewhere, in every country. While various institutes have issued warnings regarding increasing PPE waste, there is no positive indication of an end to the pandemic in the near future. In this review, we examine the impact of the pandemic on microplastic production, consumption, and disposal, and suggest strategies for lessening environmental pollution. In preparation for the worst-case scenario in which PPE becomes a new normal (in the COVID-19 era), it is recommended that governments and other responsible organisations set up a structured monitoring system for the distribution and disposal of PPE to ensure the most effective waste management possible for continuous sustainable development.
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16
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Jiang S, Li Q, Wang F, Wang Z, Cao X, Shen X, Yao Z. Highly effective and sustainable antibacterial membranes synthesized using biodegradable polymers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133106. [PMID: 34848235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce foodborne diseases caused by bacterial infections, antibacterial membranes have received increasing research interests in recent years. In this study, highly effective antibacterial membranes were prepared using biodegradable polymers, including polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The cation exchange property of CMC was utilized to introduce silver to prepare antibacterial materials. The presence of silver in the membranes was confirmed by EDS mapping, and the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver was confirmed by the Ag3d XPS spectrum which displayed peaks at 374.46 eV and 368.45 eV, revealing that the oxidation state of silver changed to zero. Two common pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), were used to investigate the antibacterial performance of the prepared membranes. Zone of inhibition and bacteria-killing tests revealed that the antibacterial membranes were efficient in inhibiting the growth of bacteria (diameters of inhibition zone ranged from 16 mm to 19 mm for fresh membranes) and capable of killing 100% of bacteria under suitable conditions. Furthermore, after 6 cycles of continuous zone of inhibition tests, the membranes still showed noticeable antibacterial activities, which disclosed the sustainable antibacterial properties of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qirun Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zeru Wang
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xianbao Shen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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17
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Environmental and Economic Impacts of Mismanaged Plastics and Measures for Mitigation. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mismanagement of plastic materials has grown to become a mounting global pollution concern that is closely implicated in unsustainable production and consumption paradigms. The ecological, social, and economic impacts of plastic waste mismanagement are currently transboundary in nature and have necessitated numerous methods of government intervention in order to address and mitigate the globalized and multifaceted dilemmas posed by high rates and volumes of plastic waste generation. This review examines the current landscape of a plastics economy which has operated with a linear momentum, employing large quantities of primary resources and disincentivizing the functioning of a robust recycling market for collecting plastic waste and reintegrating it into the consumer market. This contextualizes an increasing plastic pollution crisis that has required global efforts to address and mitigate the ecological risks and socio-economic challenges of mismanaged plastic waste. A timeline of government interventions regarding plastic pollution is described, including numerous international, regional, and local actions to combat plastic waste, and this is followed by an examination of the relevance of the extended producer responsibility principle to improve plastic waste management and obligate industry to assume responsibility in waste collection and recycling.
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18
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Yoon J, Oh MK. Strategies for Biosynthesis of C1 Gas-derived Polyhydroxyalkanoates: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126307. [PMID: 34767907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from C1 gases is highly desirable in solving problems such as climate change and microplastic pollution. PHAs are biopolymers synthesized in microbial cells and can be used as alternatives to petroleum-based plastics because of their biodegradability. Because 50% of the cost of PHA production is due to organic carbon sources and salts, the utilization of costless C1 gases as carbon sources is expected to be a promising approach for PHA production. In this review, strategies for PHA production using C1 gases through fermentation and metabolic engineering are discussed. In particular, autotrophs, acetogens, and methanotrophs are strains that can produce PHA from CO2, CO, and CH4. In addition, integrated bioprocesses for the efficient utilization of C1 gases are introduced. Biorefinery processes from C1 gas into bioplastics are prospective strategies with promising potential and feasibility to alleviate environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Pinto da Costa J. COVID-19: Implications for plastic reduction, with a focus on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 4:100022. [PMID: 38620623 PMCID: PMC8556864 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
With over 190 million cases reported and nearly 4.1 million deaths worldwide, COVID19 has been the center of global attention. This pandemic has changed many aspects of daily life and has, perhaps, indelibly changed the way we live and it is quite likely that there will be no full return to normality. Owing to its impacts across all societal aspects - from micro- and macroeconomics, information management and research, education, to governance, mental health and even territorial integrity and cohesion - the global ecosystem upon which modern society has evolved will have to be redesigned. Many have, indeed, pointed out that the economy will have to be restructured and growth will have to be defined as prosperity - not continuous growth. Perhaps nowhere is this more evident than in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinto da Costa
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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CF SF, Rebello S, Mathachan Aneesh E, Sindhu R, Binod P, Singh S, Pandey A. Bioprospecting of gut microflora for plastic biodegradation. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1040-1053. [PMID: 33769197 PMCID: PMC8806249 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1902173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of plastic prevalence and associated pollution has grasped the entire planet drastically, putting all fields of science on the stake seeking remedies to this global havoc. To address this crisis, with a single remediation strategy is often found to be baseless, thereby much interest has been evoked in the development of multidisciplinary approaches - involving physico-chemical and biological strategies to nullify the aftermath of plastic pollution in all possible means. Even amidst, the availability of different approaches, the use of biological methods to combat plastic degradation has gained momentum. The most frequently used plastics appear in wide forms such as polyethylene plastic bags, polypropylene-based bottles, polyvinyl chloride pipes and polystyrene styrene cups. Plastic nicknamed as one of the toughest polymers viz. polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and Polydicyclopentadiene; quite often are called so as they resist degradation in normal environmental strategies. They are often degraded in non-hostile and harsh environments of pH, temperature, radiation etc. However, not always it is possible to create such harsh environments for plastic degradation. In such a scenario, the use of gut microbes that can withstand the harsh atmosphere of gut environment could serve as promising candidates for plastic biodegradation. The current article envisages the various gut microbes of various biological agents and their role in plastic remediation. The current review compiles the techniques available for plastic remediation, the microbial prospects of plastic remediation, its challenges, and possible breakthroughs to effective plastic remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, TrivandrumIndia
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, TrivandrumIndia
| | - Suren Singh
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR – Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, LucknowIndia
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR – Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, LucknowIndia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, LucknowIndia
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21
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de Sousa FDB. Plastic and its consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46067-46078. [PMID: 34279783 PMCID: PMC8287553 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, the important role of plastic becomes evident since vital equipment such as respirators have plastic parts, as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), which avoids the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is made of plastic. So, plastic during a pandemic is considered a life savior in the struggle against the virus. However, the same material that is a protector becomes a polluter when inadequately disposed of in the environment, generating or worsening socio-environmental problems, such as pollution of water bodies by plastic. This work proposes a reflection about the role and the importance of plastic in our society, bringing an overview of its main applications and consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic, correlating its use with aspects related to environmental problems and public health. Some questions revolving around the concerns caused by plastic pollution are posed, and some possible solutions to the problems are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa
- Technology Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil.
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Science, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil.
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22
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de Sousa FDB. Plastic and its consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [PMID: 34279783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15425-w/figures/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, the important role of plastic becomes evident since vital equipment such as respirators have plastic parts, as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), which avoids the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is made of plastic. So, plastic during a pandemic is considered a life savior in the struggle against the virus. However, the same material that is a protector becomes a polluter when inadequately disposed of in the environment, generating or worsening socio-environmental problems, such as pollution of water bodies by plastic. This work proposes a reflection about the role and the importance of plastic in our society, bringing an overview of its main applications and consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic, correlating its use with aspects related to environmental problems and public health. Some questions revolving around the concerns caused by plastic pollution are posed, and some possible solutions to the problems are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa
- Technology Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1, Pelotas, RS, 96010-610, Brazil.
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Science, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil.
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23
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Ormaza-Gonzaìlez FI, Castro-Rodas D, Statham PJ. COVID-19 Impacts on Beaches and Coastal Water Pollution at Selected Sites in Ecuador, and Management Proposals Post-pandemic. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2021. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.669374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged Governments all around the world to implement confinement and social distancing measures. Leisure and business activities on beaches and in ports have restricted direct and indirect contamination from, for example, plastics, hydrocarbon spillage, microbiological loads, and noise levels. This has led to temporarily improved environmental conditions, and the beaches having conditions closer to Marine Protected Areas. Here we report some impacts that have been studied using local surveys and qualitative observations in Ecuador at the popular beaches and ports of Salinas, Manta, and Galapagos. Satellite data support this information. Online surveys were carried out at critical moments of the pandemic: May (15th) and just after when measures were relaxed a little, but within lockdown in July (21st) 2020. Respondents were asked to compare conditions before and during the pandemic lockdown. Most (97–99%) suggested that beaches had significantly improved from visual observations during confinement. On a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), the beaches of Salinas and Manta respectively were rated 2.2 and 2.8 (less than acceptable) before quarantine, and 4.5 and 4.3 after; results from the second survey (after 18 weeks of restrictions) were much the same. Replies from Galapagos showed a similar trend but with less marked differences. In addition to the beaches having less plastic and garbage, more fish, and large marine organisms, including humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), dolphin (bottlenose, Tursiops truncatus), and manta ray (Manta sp.) were observed near to shore. At Galapagos beaches, turtles, sea lions, and sharks were observed many more times than pre COVID. Quantitative satellite data on Chlorophyl and attenuation coefficient (Kd, 490 nm) support the qualitative survey data that there is an improvement in coastal environment quality. Here we recommend that this unique opportunity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic is used locally, regionally and globally to construct baseline data sets that include information on physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological factors in coastal zones. These parameters can then help establish an effective Coastal Zone Management Plan based on beach description and quality (water standards, noise pollution), as well as the human dimension (tourist load, cultural heritage, and economic value indices). This data and information gathering ideally should be done before the beaches become more heavily used again as the pandemic recedes.
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