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Tiwari A, Meriläinen P, Lindh E, Kitajima M, Österlund P, Ikonen N, Savolainen-Kopra C, Pitkänen T. Avian Influenza outbreaks: Human infection risks for beach users - One health concern and environmental surveillance implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173692. [PMID: 38825193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite its popularity for water activities, such as swimming, surfing, fishing, and rafting, inland and coastal bathing areas occasionally experience outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), including A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b. Asymptomatic infections and symptomatic outbreaks often impact many aquatic birds, which increase chances of spill-over events to mammals and pose concerns for public health. This review examined the existing literature to assess avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission risks to beachgoers and the general population. A comprehensive understanding of factors governing such crossing of the AIV host range is currently lacking. There is limited knowledge on key factors affecting risk, such as species-specific interactions with host cells (including binding, entry, and replication via viral proteins hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, and polymerase basic protein 2), overcoming host restrictions, and innate immune response. AIV efficiently transmits between birds and to some extent between marine scavenger mammals in aquatic environments via consumption of infected birds. However, the current literature lacks evidence of zoonotic AIV transmission via contact with the aquatic environment or consumption of contaminated water. The zoonotic transmission risk of the circulating A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus to the general population and beachgoers is currently low. Nevertheless, it is recommended to avoid direct contact with sick or dead birds and to refrain from bathing in locations where mass bird mortalities are reported. Increasing reports of AIVs spilling over to non-human mammals have raised valid concerns about possible virus mutations that lead to crossing the species barrier and subsequent risk of human infections and outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Tiwari
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, Kuopio FI-70701, Finland; Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Päivi Meriläinen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, Kuopio FI-70701, Finland
| | - Erika Lindh
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Pamela Österlund
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Niina Ikonen
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Carita Savolainen-Kopra
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Neulaniementie 4, Kuopio FI-70701, Finland; Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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2
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Mateus-Anzola J, Gaytan-Cruz L, Espinosa-García AC, Martínez-López B, Ojeda-Flores R. Risk for Waterborne Transmission and Environmental Persistence of Avian Influenza Virus in a Wildlife/Domestic Interface in Mexico. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s12560-024-09608-0. [PMID: 39033470 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-024-09608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic habitats provide a bridge for influenza transmission among wild and domestic species. However, water sources pose highly variable physicochemical and ecological characteristics that affect avian influenza virus (AIV) stability. Therefore, the risk of survival or transmissibility of AIV in the environment is quite variable and has been understudied. In this study, we determine the risk of waterborne transmission and environmental persistence of AIV in a wild/domestic bird interface in the Central Mexico plateau (North America) during the winter season using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). A total of 13 eco-epidemiological factors were selected from public-access databases to develop the risk assessment. The MCDA showed that the Atarasquillo wetland presents a higher persistence risk in January. Likewise, most of the backyard poultry farms at this wild-domestic interface present a high persistence risk (50%). Our results suggest that drinking water may represent a more enabling environment for AIV persistence in contrast with wastewater. Moreover, almost all backyard poultry farms evidence a moderate or high risk of waterborne transmission especially farms close to water bodies. The wildlife/domestic bird interface on the Atarasquillo wetland holds eco-epidemiological factors such as the presence of farms in flood-prone areas, the poultry access to outdoor water, and the use of drinking-water troughs among multiple animal species that may enhance waterborne transmission of AIV. These findings highlight the relevance of understanding the influence of multiple factors on AIV ecology for early intervention and long-term control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mateus-Anzola
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Edificio A, Delegación Coyoacán, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Liliana Gaytan-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Edificio A, Delegación Coyoacán, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Cecilia Espinosa-García
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de La Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rafael Ojeda-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Edificio A, Delegación Coyoacán, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Poulson RL, Reeves AB, Ahlstrom CA, Scott LC, Hubbard LE, Fojtik A, Carter DL, Stallknecht DE, Ramey AM. Infectivity of Wild-Bird Origin Influenza A Viruses in Minnesota Wetlands across Seasons. Pathogens 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38787257 PMCID: PMC11124429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The environmental tenacity of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in the environment likely plays a role in their transmission; IAVs are able to remain infectious in aquatic habitats and may have the capacity to seed outbreaks when susceptible wild bird hosts utilize these same environments months or even seasons later. Here, we aimed to assess the persistence of low-pathogenicity IAVs from naturally infected ducks in Northwestern Minnesota through a field experiment. Viral infectivity was measured using replicate samples maintained in distilled water in a laboratory setting as well as in filtered water from four natural water bodies maintained in steel perforated drums (hereafter, mesocosms) within the field from autumn 2020 to spring 2021. There was limited evidence for the extended persistence of IAVs held in mesocosms; from 65 initial IAV-positive samples, only six IAVs persisted to at least 202 days in the mesocosms compared to 17 viruses persisting at least this long when held under temperature-controlled laboratory settings in distilled water. When accounting for the initial titer of samples, viruses detected at a higher concentration at the initiation of the experiment persisted longer than those with a lower starting titer. A parallel experimental laboratory model was used to further explore the effects of water type on viral persistence, and the results supported the finding of reduced tenacity of IAVs held in mesocosms compared to distilled water. The results of this investigation provide evidence that many factors, including temperature and physicochemical properties, impact the duration of viral infectivity in natural settings, further extending our understanding of the potential and limitations of environmental-based methodologies to recover infectious IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Andrew B. Reeves
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Christina A. Ahlstrom
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Laura C. Scott
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Laura E. Hubbard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 1 Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Alinde Fojtik
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Deborah L. Carter
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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4
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Kenmoe S, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Bowo-Ngandji A, Ondigui Ndzie JL, Kenfack-Momo R, Tchatchouang S, Lontuo Fogang R, Zeuko'o Menkem E, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Puzelli S, Lucentini L, Veneri C, Mancini P, Bonanno Ferraro G, Iaconelli M, Del Giudice C, Brandtner D, Suffredini E, La Rosa G. A systematic review of influenza virus in water environments across human, poultry, and wild bird habitats. WATER RESEARCH X 2024; 22:100210. [PMID: 38298332 PMCID: PMC10825513 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Influenza, a highly contagious acute respiratory disease, remains a major global health concern. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the prevalence of influenza virus in different aquatic environments. Using 43 articles from four databases, we thoroughly examined water matrices from wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) and other human environments, as well as poultry habitats and areas frequented by migratory wild birds. In WTP influents (10 studies), positivity rates for influenza A ranged from 0.0 % to 97.6 %. For influenza B (8 studies), most studies reported no positivity, except for three studies reporting detection in 0.8 %, 5.6 %, and 46.9 % of samples. Within poultry habitats (13 studies), the prevalence of influenza A ranged from 4.3 % to 76.4 %, while in environments frequented by migratory wild birds (11 studies), it ranged from 0.4 % to 69.8 %. Geographically, the studies were distributed as follows: 39.5 % from the Americas, 18.6 % from Europe, 2.3 % from South-East Asia and 39.5 % from the Western Pacific. Several influenza A subtypes were found in water matrices, including avian influenza (H3N6, H3N8, H4N1, H4N2, H4N6, H4N8, H5N1, H5N8, H6N2, H6N6, H7N9, H0N8, and H11N9) and seasonal human influenza (H1N1 and H3N2). The existing literature indicates a crucial requirement for more extensive future research on this topic. Specifically, it emphasizes the need for method harmonization and delves into areas deserving of in-depth research, such as water matrices pertaining to pig farming and prevalence studies in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - GR Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - JT Ebogo-Belobo
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - C Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | - DS Mbaga
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - A Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - JL Ondigui Ndzie
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - R Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - S Tchatchouang
- Scientific Direction, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - R Lontuo Fogang
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - E Zeuko'o Menkem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - GI Kame-Ngasse
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - JN Magoudjou-Pekam
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - S Puzelli
- Department of Infectious Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - L Lucentini
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Veneri
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Mancini
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G Bonanno Ferraro
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Del Giudice
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - D Brandtner
- Department of Infectious Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - E Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary public health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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5
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Hubbard LE, Givens CE, Stelzer EA, Killian ML, Kolpin DW, Szablewski CM, Poulson RL. Environmental Surveillance and Detection of Infectious Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Iowa Wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023; 10:1181-1187. [PMID: 38106530 PMCID: PMC10720465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) infect both wild birds and domestic poultry, resulting in economically costly outbreaks that have the potential to impact public health. Currently, a knowledge gap exists regarding the detection of infectious AIVs in the aquatic environment. In response to the 2021-2022 Eurasian strain highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 clade 2.3.4.4 lineage H5 outbreak, an AIV environmental outbreak response study was conducted using a One Health approach. An optimized method was used to temporally sample (April and May 2022) and analyze (culture and molecular methods) surface water from five water bodies (four wetlands and one lake used as a comparison location) in areas near confirmed HPAI detections in wild bird or poultry operations. Avian influenza viruses were isolated from water samples collected in April from all four wetlands (not from the comparison lake sample); HPAI H5N1 was isolated from one wetland. No virus was isolated from the May samples. Several factors, including increased water temperatures, precipitation, biotic and abiotic factors, and absence of AIV-contaminated fecal material due to fewer waterfowl present, may have contributed to the lack of virus isolation from May samples. Results demonstrate surface water as a plausible medium for transmission of AIVs, including the HPAI virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Hubbard
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science
Center, 1 Gifford Pinchot
Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Carrie E. Givens
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science
Center, 5840 Enterprise
Drive, Lansing, Michigan 48911 United States
| | - Erin A. Stelzer
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
Water Science Center, 6460 Busch Blvd, Ste 100, Columbus, Ohio 43229 United States
| | - Mary L. Killian
- U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010 United States
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water
Science Center, 400 S.
Clinton Street, Rm 269, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Christine M. Szablewski
- Influenza
Division, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329 United States
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern
Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health,
College of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Georgia, 589 D.W.
Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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6
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Spackman E. A Review of the Stability of Avian Influenza Virus in Materials from Poultry Farms. Avian Dis 2023; 67:229-236. [PMID: 39126409 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is widespread among poultry and wild waterfowl. The severity of the disease is variable and the highly pathogenic form can rapidly kill numerous avian species. Understanding the stability of AIV infectivity in different substrates in the environment of poultry facilities is critical to developing processes to effectively decontaminate or safely dispose of potentially contaminated material. This review aims to compile the current information on the stability of AIV in materials from poultry farms that cannot be disinfected with chemicals or fumigants: water, litter/bedding, soil, feed, feathers, carcasses/meat, manure/feces, and eggs. There are still important gaps in the data, but available data will inform risk assessments, biosecurity, and procedures to dispose of potentially contaminated material. Among the parameters and conditions reported, temperature is a nearly universal factor where, regardless of substrate, the virus will inactivate faster under a given set of conditions as the temperature increases, and freeze-thaw cycles can facilitate virus inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Spackman
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, 30605, USA,
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7
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Furness RW, Gear SC, Camphuysen KCJ, Tyler G, de Silva D, Warren CJ, James J, Reid SM, Banyard AC. Environmental Samples Test Negative for Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Four Months after Mass Mortality at A Seabird Colony. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040584. [PMID: 37111470 PMCID: PMC10144497 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) profoundly impacted several seabird populations during the summers of 2021 and 2022. Infection spread rapidly across colonies, causing unprecedented mortality. At Foula, Shetland, 1500 breeding adult great skuas Stercorarius skua, totalling about two tonnes of decomposing virus-laden material, died at the colony in May-July 2022. Carcasses were left where they died as Government policy was not to remove dead birds. The factors influencing risk of further spread of infection are uncertain, but evidence suggests that HPAI can persist in water for many months in cool conditions and may be a major transmission factor for birds living in wetlands. We investigated risk of further spread of infection from water samples collected from under 45 decomposing carcasses and in three freshwater lochs/streams by sampling water in October 2022, by which time the great skua carcasses had rotted to bones, skin, and feathers. No viral genetic material was detected four months after the mortality, suggesting a low risk of seabird infection from the local environment when the seabirds would return the next breeding season. These findings, although based on a relatively small number of water samples, suggest that the high rainfall typical at Shetland probably washed away the virus from the decomposing carcasses. However, limitations to our study need to be taken on board in the design of environmental monitoring at seabird colonies during and immediately after future outbreaks of HPAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Furness
- MacArthur Green, 95 South Woodside Road, Glasgow G20 6NT, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sheila C Gear
- Foula Ranger Service, Magdala, Foula, Shetland ZE2 9PN, UK
| | - Kees C J Camphuysen
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Glen Tyler
- NatureScot, Lerwick, Shetland ZE1 0LL, UK
| | | | | | - Joe James
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Scott M Reid
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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8
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RT-LAMP as Diagnostic Tool for Influenza—A Virus Detection in Swine. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030220. [PMID: 36977259 PMCID: PMC10051247 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care diagnostic technologies are becoming more widely available for production species. Here, we describe the application of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to detect the matrix (M) gene of influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S). M-specific LAMP primers were designed based on M gene sequences from IAV-S isolated in the USA between 2017 and 2020. The LAMP assay was incubated at 65 °C for 30 min, with the fluorescent signal read every 20 s. The assay’s limit of detection (LOD) was 20 M gene copies for direct LAMP of the matrix gene standard, and 100 M gene copies when using spiked extraction kits. The LOD was 1000 M genes when using cell culture samples. Detection in clinical samples showed a sensitivity of 94.3% and a specificity of 94.9%. These results show that the influenza M gene RT-LAMP assay can detect the presence of IAV in research laboratory conditions. With the appropriate fluorescent reader and heat block, the assay could be quickly validated as a low-cost, rapid, IAV-S screening tool for use on farms or in clinical diagnostic labs.
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9
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Perlas A, Bertran K, Abad FX, Borrego CM, Nofrarías M, Valle R, Pailler-García L, Ramis A, Cortey M, Acuña V, Majó N. Persistence of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in artificial streams mimicking natural conditions of waterfowl habitats in the Mediterranean climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160902. [PMID: 36526195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) can affect wildlife, poultry, and humans, so a One Health perspective is needed to optimize mitigation strategies. Migratory waterfowl globally spread AIVs over long distances. Therefore, the study of AIV persistence in waterfowl staging and breeding areas is key to understanding their transmission dynamics and optimizing management strategies. Here, we used artificial streams mimicking natural conditions of waterfowl habitats in the Mediterranean climate (day/night cycles of photosynthetic active radiation and temperature, low water velocity, and similar microbiome to lowland rivers and stagnant water bodies) and then manipulated temperature and sediment presence (i.e., 10-13 °C vs. 16-18 °C, and presence vs. absence of sediments). An H1N1 low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) strain was spiked in the streams, and water and sediment samples were collected at different time points until 14 days post-spike to quantify viral RNA and detect infectious particles. Viral RNA was detected until the end of the experiment in both water and sediment samples. In water samples, we observed a significant combined effect of temperature and sediments in viral decay, with higher viral genome loads in colder streams without sediments. In sediment samples, we didn't observe any significant effect of temperature. In contrast to prior laboratory-controlled studies that detect longer persistence times, infectious H1N1 LPAIV was isolated in water samples till 2 days post-spike, and none beyond. Infectious H1N1 LPAIV wasn't isolated from any sediment sample. Our results suggest that slow flowing freshwater surface waters may provide conditions facilitating bird-to-bird transmission for a short period when water temperature are between 10 and 18 °C, though persistence for extended periods (e.g., weeks or months) may be less likely. We hypothesize that experiments simulating real environments, like the one described here, provide a more realistic approach for assessing environmental persistence of AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Perlas
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Kateri Bertran
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia. Spain.
| | - Francesc Xavier Abad
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia. Spain.
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Grup d'Ecologia Microbiana Molecular, Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Plaça Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Nofrarías
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia. Spain.
| | - Rosa Valle
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia. Spain.
| | - Lola Pailler-García
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia. Spain.
| | - Antonio Ramis
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Martí Cortey
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona (UdG), Plaça Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain.
| | - Natàlia Majó
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
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10
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Teitelbaum CS, Casazza ML, McDuie F, De La Cruz SEW, Overton CT, Hall LA, Matchett EL, Ackerman JT, Sullivan JD, Ramey AM, Prosser DJ. Waterfowl recently infected with low pathogenic avian influenza exhibit reduced local movement and delayed migration. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering Herndon Virginia USA
- Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Michael L. Casazza
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Fiona McDuie
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
- San Jose State University Research Foundation Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Moss Landing California USA
| | - Susan E. W. De La Cruz
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station Moffett Field California USA
| | - Cory T. Overton
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Laurie A. Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station Moffett Field California USA
| | - Elliott L. Matchett
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Joshua T. Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Jeffery D. Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
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11
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Briand FX, Niqueux E, Schmitz A, Martenot C, Cherbonnel M, Massin P, Busson R, Guillemoto C, Pierre I, Louboutin K, Souchaud F, Allée C, Quenault H, Lucas P, de Wiele AV, Blanchard Y, Eterradossi N, Scoizec A, Bouquin-Leneveu SL, Rautureau S, Lambert Y, Grasland B. Multiple independent introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses during the 2020-2021 epizootic in France. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:4028-4033. [PMID: 36161777 PMCID: PMC10092607 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During winter 2020-2021, France and other European countries were severely affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses of the Gs/GD/96 lineage, clade 2.3.4.4b. In total, 519 cases occurred, mainly in domestic waterfowl farms in Southwestern France. Analysis of viral genomic sequences indicated that 3 subtypes of HPAI H5 viruses were detected (H5N1, H5N3, H5N8), but most French viruses belonged to the H5N8 subtype genotype A, as Europe. Phylogenetic analyses of HPAI H5N8 viruses revealed that the French sequences were distributed in 9 genogroups, suggesting 9 independent introductions of H5N8 from wild birds, in addition to the 2 introductions of H5N1 and H5N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Briand
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Niqueux
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Martenot
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Cherbonnel
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pascale Massin
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Rachel Busson
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Carole Guillemoto
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Isabelle Pierre
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Katell Louboutin
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Florent Souchaud
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Helene Quenault
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | | | | | - Axelle Scoizec
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | | | | | - Béatrice Grasland
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
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12
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Teitelbaum CS, Ackerman JT, Hill MA, Satter JM, Casazza ML, De La Cruz SEW, Boyce WM, Buck EJ, Eadie JM, Herzog MP, Matchett EL, Overton CT, Peterson SH, Plancarte M, Ramey AM, Sullivan JD, Prosser DJ. Avian influenza antibody prevalence increases with mercury contamination in wild waterfowl. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221312. [PMID: 36069010 PMCID: PMC9449466 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contamination is widespread and can negatively impact wildlife health. Some contaminants, including heavy metals, have immunosuppressive effects, but prior studies have rarely measured contamination and disease simultaneously, which limits our understanding of how contaminants and pathogens interact to influence wildlife health. Here, we measured mercury concentrations, influenza infection, influenza antibodies and body condition in 749 individuals from 11 species of wild ducks overwintering in California. We found that the odds of prior influenza infection increased more than fivefold across the observed range of blood mercury concentrations, while accounting for species, age, sex and date. Influenza infection prevalence was also higher in species with higher average mercury concentrations. We detected no relationship between influenza infection and body fat content. This positive relationship between influenza prevalence and mercury concentrations in migratory waterfowl suggests that immunotoxic effects of mercury contamination could promote the spread of avian influenza along migratory flyways, especially if influenza has minimal effects on bird health and mobility. More generally, these results show that the effects of environmental contamination could extend beyond the geographical area of contamination itself by altering the prevalence of infectious diseases in highly mobile hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering, Herndon, VA, USA
- Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Joshua T. Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Mason A. Hill
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Satter
- UC Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael L. Casazza
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Susan E. W. De La Cruz
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | | | - Evan J. Buck
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - John M. Eadie
- UC Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark P. Herzog
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Elliott L. Matchett
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Cory T. Overton
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Sarah H. Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, MD, USA
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13
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Meng J, Zhang Q, Ma M, Shi H, He G. Persistence of avian influenza virus (H9N2) on plastic surface. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155355. [PMID: 35460779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been found to be colonized with pathogens and may become vectors for transmission of diseases. In this study, we evaluated the persistence of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) on the surfaces of various plastics (PP, PE, PS, PET, PVC, PMMA) under different environmental conditions using glass and stainless steel for comparison. Our results showed that the RNA abundance of AIV on plastics was decreased over time but still detectable 14 days after AIV had been dropped on plastic surfaces. Low temperature (4 °C) was more favorable for AIV RNA preservation and infectivity maintenance. The abundance of AIV RNA was significantly greater on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) than that on glass and stainless steel at higher temperature (i.e., 25 °C and 37 °C) and lower humidity (<20% and 40-60%) (p < 0.05). Infectivity assay showed that AIV infectivity was only maintained at 4 °C after 24 h of incubation. Taken together, the persistence of AIV was more affected by environmental factors than material types. Plastics were able to preserve viral RNA more effectively in relatively high-temperature or low-humidity environments. Our study indicates that environmental factors should be taken into consideration when we evaluate the capacity of plastics to spread viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Meng
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200162, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Ma
- Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200162, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Guimei He
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200162, China; Laboratory of Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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14
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Gass JD, Kellogg HK, Hill NJ, Puryear WB, Nutter FB, Runstadler JA. Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071531. [PMID: 35891510 PMCID: PMC9315492 DOI: 10.3390/v14071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arctic regions are ecologically significant for the environmental persistence and geographic dissemination of influenza A viruses (IAVs) by avian hosts and other wildlife species. Data describing the epidemiology and ecology of IAVs among wildlife in the arctic are less frequently published compared to southern temperate regions, where prevalence and subtype diversity are more routinely documented. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review addresses this gap by describing the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological characteristics of IAVs detected among wildlife and the environment in this understudied region of the globe. The literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar using a set of pre-defined search terms to identify publications reporting on IAVs in Arctic regions between 1978 and February 2022. A total of 2125 articles were initially screened, 267 were assessed for eligibility, and 71 articles met inclusion criteria. IAVs have been detected in multiple wildlife species in all Arctic regions, including seabirds, shorebirds, waterfowl, seals, sea lions, whales, and terrestrial mammals, and in the environment. Isolates from wild birds comprise the majority of documented viruses derived from wildlife; however, among all animals and environmental matrices, 26 unique low and highly pathogenic subtypes have been characterized in the scientific literature from Arctic regions. Pooled prevalence across studies indicates 4.23% for wild birds, 3.42% among tested environmental matrices, and seroprevalences of 9.29% and 1.69% among marine and terrestrial mammals, respectively. Surveillance data are geographically biased, with most data from the Alaskan Arctic and many fewer reports from the Russian, Canadian, North Atlantic, and Western European Arctic. We highlight multiple important aspects of wildlife host, pathogen, and environmental ecology of IAVs in Arctic regions, including the role of avian migration and breeding cycles for the global spread of IAVs, evidence of inter-species and inter-continental reassortment at high latitudes, and how climate change-driven ecosystem shifts, including changes in the seasonal availability and distribution of dietary resources, have the potential to alter host–pathogen–environment dynamics in Arctic regions. We conclude by identifying gaps in knowledge and propose priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon D. Gass
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA; (H.K.K.); (W.B.P.); (F.B.N.); (J.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hunter K. Kellogg
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA; (H.K.K.); (W.B.P.); (F.B.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Nichola J. Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
| | - Wendy B. Puryear
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA; (H.K.K.); (W.B.P.); (F.B.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Felicia B. Nutter
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA; (H.K.K.); (W.B.P.); (F.B.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA; (H.K.K.); (W.B.P.); (F.B.N.); (J.A.R.)
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15
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Prosser DJ, Chen J, Ahlstrom CA, Reeves AB, Poulson RL, Sullivan JD, McAuley D, Callahan CR, McGowan PC, Bahl J, Stallknecht DE, Ramey AM. Maintenance and dissemination of avian-origin influenza A virus within the northern Atlantic Flyway of North America. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010605. [PMID: 35666770 PMCID: PMC9203021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild waterbirds, the natural reservoirs for avian influenza viruses, undergo migratory movements each year, connecting breeding and wintering grounds within broad corridors known as flyways. In a continental or global view, the study of virus movements within and across flyways is important to understanding virus diversity, evolution, and movement. From 2015 to 2017, we sampled waterfowl from breeding (Maine) and wintering (Maryland) areas within the Atlantic Flyway (AF) along the east coast of North America to investigate the spatio-temporal trends in persistence and spread of influenza A viruses (IAV). We isolated 109 IAVs from 1,821 cloacal / oropharyngeal samples targeting mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American black ducks (Anas rubripes), two species having ecological and conservation importance in the flyway that are also host reservoirs of IAV. Isolates with >99% nucleotide similarity at all gene segments were found between eight pairs of birds in the northern site across years, indicating some degree of stability among genome constellations and the possibility of environmental persistence. No movement of whole genome constellations were identified between the two parts of the flyway, however, virus gene flow between the northern and southern study locations was evident. Examination of banding records indicate direct migratory waterfowl movements between the two locations within an annual season, providing a mechanism for the inferred viral gene flow. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for virus dissemination from other North American wild birds to AF dabbling ducks (Anatinae), shorebirds (Charidriformes), and poultry (Galliformes). Evidence was found for virus dissemination from shorebirds to gulls (Laridae), and dabbling ducks to shorebirds and poultry. The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of IAV ecology in waterfowl within the AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiani Chen
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Ahlstrom
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Reeves
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffery D. Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel McAuley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl R. Callahan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter C. McGowan
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
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16
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Spatial Variation in Risk for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H5N6 Viral Infections in South Korea: Poultry Population-Based Case–Control Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030135. [PMID: 35324863 PMCID: PMC8952335 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the substantial economic damage caused by the continual circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks since 2003, identifying high-risk locations associated with HPAI infections is essential. In this study, using affected and unaffected poultry farms’ locations during an HPAI H5N6 epidemic in South Korea, we identified places where clusters of HPAI cases were found. Hotspots were defined as regions having clusters of HPAI cases. With the help of the statistical computer program R, a kernel density estimate and a spatial scan statistic were employed for this purpose. A kernel density estimate and detection of significant clusters through a spatial scan statistic both showed that districts in the Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeollanam-do provinces are more vulnerable to HPAI outbreaks. Prior to the migration season, high-risk districts should implement particular biosecurity measures. High biosecurity measures, as well as improving the cleanliness of the poultry environment, would undoubtedly aid in the prevention of HPAIV transmission to poultry farms in these high-risk regions of South Korea.
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17
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Ramey AM, Hill NJ, DeLiberto TJ, Gibbs SEJ, Camille Hopkins M, Lang AS, Poulson RL, Prosser DJ, Sleeman JM, Stallknecht DE, Wan X. Highly pathogenic avian influenza is an emerging disease threat to wild birds in North America. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center 4210 University Drive Anchorage AK 99508 USA
| | - Nichola J. Hill
- Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University 200 Westboro Road North Grafton MA 01536 USA
| | - Thomas J. DeLiberto
- National Wildlife Disease Program, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Samantha E. J. Gibbs
- Wildlife Health Office Natural Resource Program Center, National Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 16450 NW 31st Place Chiefland FL 32626 USA
| | - M. Camille Hopkins
- U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 300 (Room 4A100F) Reston VA 20192 USA
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland 232 Elizabeth Avenue St. John's Newfoundland A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia 589 D.W. Brooks Drive Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Sleeman
- U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center 6006 Schroeder Road Madison WI 53711 USA
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia 589 D.W. Brooks Drive Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Xiu‐Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
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18
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Christiansen DH, Petersen PE, Dahl MM, Vest N, Aamelfot M, Kristoffersen AB, Jansen MD, Matejusova I, Gallagher MD, Jónsson G, Rodriguez E, Fosse JH, Falk K. No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122428. [PMID: 34960697 PMCID: PMC8708482 DOI: 10.3390/v13122428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonvirulent infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is the putative progenitor for virulent-ISAV, and a potential risk factor for the development of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA). Understanding the transmission dynamics of ISAV-HPR0 is fundamental to proper management and mitigation strategies. Here, we demonstrate that ISAV-HPR0 causes prevalent and transient infections in all three production stages of Atlantic salmon in the Faroe Islands. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin-esterase gene from 247 salmon showed a clear geographical structuring into two significantly distinct HPR0-subgroups, which were designated G2 and G4. Whereas G2 and G4 co-circulated in marine farms, Faroese broodfish were predominantly infected by G2, and smolt were predominantly infected by G4. This infection pattern was confirmed by our G2- and G4-specific RT-qPCR assays. Moreover, the HPR0 variants detected in Icelandic and Norwegian broodfish were never detected in the Faroe Islands, despite the extensive import of ova from both countries. Accordingly, the vertical transmission of HPR0 from broodfish to progeny is uncommon. Phylogenetic and statistical analysis suggest that HPR0 persists in the smolt farms as “house-strains”, and that new HPR0 variants are occasionally introduced from the marine environment, probably by HPR0-contaminated sea-spray. Thus, high biosecurity—including water and air intake—is required to avoid the introduction of pathogens to the smolt farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debes Hammershaimb Christiansen
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish and Animal Diseases, Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, 110 Torshavn, Faroe Islands; (P.E.P.); (M.M.D.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Petra Elisabeth Petersen
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish and Animal Diseases, Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, 110 Torshavn, Faroe Islands; (P.E.P.); (M.M.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Maria Marjunardóttir Dahl
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish and Animal Diseases, Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, 110 Torshavn, Faroe Islands; (P.E.P.); (M.M.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Nicolina Vest
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish and Animal Diseases, Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, 110 Torshavn, Faroe Islands; (P.E.P.); (M.M.D.); (N.V.)
| | - Maria Aamelfot
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.); (A.B.K.); (M.D.J.); (J.H.F.); (K.F.)
| | | | - Mona Dverdal Jansen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.); (A.B.K.); (M.D.J.); (J.H.F.); (K.F.)
| | - Iveta Matejusova
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK;
| | - Michael D. Gallagher
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Gísli Jónsson
- Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland;
| | | | - Johanna Hol Fosse
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.); (A.B.K.); (M.D.J.); (J.H.F.); (K.F.)
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454 Oslo, Norway; (M.A.); (A.B.K.); (M.D.J.); (J.H.F.); (K.F.)
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