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Linhares BDA, Nunes GT, Bianchini A, Bertolini L, Vilela F, Efe MA, Rodrigues FL, Lanco S, Zebral YD, Costa PG, Bugoni L. Resource partitioning influences levels of toxic trace elements in sympatric tropical seabirds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175102. [PMID: 39074745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Morphologically similar species that occupy resource-limited environments tend to differ in their ecological traits in order to coexist, which may result in differential exposure to environmental threats. For instance, partitioning of feeding resources may influence contaminant exposure and bioaccumulation in marine predators through different diets or foraging habitats. Here, we sampled three tropical seabird species breeding in sympatry in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean for blood and feather trace element concentrations (As, Hg, Cd, Pb), and assessed their foraging ecology with bio-logging (GPS tracks and time-depth recorders), analysis of regurgitated prey, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope mixing models. Red-billed tropicbirds (Phaethon aethereus), brown (Sula leucogaster) and masked (S. dactylatra) boobies differed in their preferred foraging locations, the range of foraging trips, diving parameters and diets. In addition, interspecific differences were detected in blood or feathers for all trace elements analyzed, suggesting influence of the differences observed in diet and space use. Red-billed tropicbirds had the largest foraging range over the continental shelf and over the slope, suggesting lower exposure to continental sources of metals. Brown and masked boobies had higher Hg concentrations than tropicbirds, higher δ15N values (a proxy for trophic level), and δ15N correlated with Hg levels, suggesting biomagnification of Hg along the food chain. Nonetheless, red-billed tropicbirds showed comparable levels of As and Cd in blood or feathers, and higher levels of Pb in both tissues in comparison to boobies, which may suggest overall exposure of seabirds in the region, through their diets and foraging areas. Resource partitioning is critical for allowing coexistence of different seabird species in shared breeding sites where they act as central-place foragers. Nonetheless, in scenarios of environmental pollution, these species-specific strategies lead to differential bioaccumulation, and thus distinct effects of pollution on populations are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Andrade Linhares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Aves Aquáticas e Tartarugas Marinhas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Tavares Nunes
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 95625-000 Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Determinações 2, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luísa Bertolini
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 95625-000 Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Fiorella Vilela
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 95625-000 Imbé, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Amorim Efe
- Laboratório de Bioecologia e Conservação de Aves Neotropicais, Universidade Federal de Alagoas - UFAL, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lameiro Rodrigues
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 95625-000 Imbé, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sophie Lanco
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, MARBEC (Univ. Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD), Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, 34203 Sète Cedex, France
| | - Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Laboratório de Determinações 2, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Laboratório de Determinações 2, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro Bugoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Aves Aquáticas e Tartarugas Marinhas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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2
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Maraschi AC, Rubio-Lopez C, Snitman SM, Souza IC, Pichardo-Casales B, Alcaraz G, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Caamal-Monsreal C, Rosas C, Fernandes MN, Capparelli MV. The impact of settleable atmospheric particulate on the energy metabolism, biochemical processes, and behavior of a sentinel mangrove crab. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135316. [PMID: 39098202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
We use the sentinel mangrove crab, Minuca rapax, as a model to investigate the effects of metallic settleable particulate matter (SePM) on wetland. Multiple levels of energetic responses, including (i) metabolic rate and energy budget, (ii) oxidative stress, and (iii) behavioral response by righting time, were assessed as well as the metal and metalloid content in crabs exposed to 0, 0.1 and 1 g.L-1 of SePM, under emerged and submerged conditions over five days, simulating the rigors of the intertidal habitat. Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Y exhibited a concentration-dependent increase. Metal concentrations were higher in submerged crabs due to the continuous ingestion of SePM and direct exposure through gills. Exposure concentration up to 1 g.L-1 decreased metabolic rate and enzymatic activities, reduced assimilation efficiency and energy for maintenance, and induces a slower response to righting time, probably by metal effects on nervous system and energy deficits. In conclusion, SePM exposure affects the redox status and physiology of M. rapax depending on he submersion regime and SePM concentration. The disruption to the energy budget and the lethargic behavior in M. rapax exposed to SePM implies potential ecological alterations in the mangrove ecosystem with unknown consequences for the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anieli C Maraschi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Rubio-Lopez
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Solana M Snitman
- IIMyC: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Iara C Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Brian Pichardo-Casales
- Estación El Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real km 9.5, 24157 Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Magdalena V Monferrán
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Wunderlin
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Caamal-Monsreal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Marisa N Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana V Capparelli
- Estación El Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real km 9.5, 24157 Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico.
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3
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Ramos L, Negreiros D, Goulart FF, Figueiredo JCG, Kenedy-Siqueira W, Toma TSP, Justino WDS, Maia RA, de Oliveira JT, Oki Y, Barbosa M, Aguilar R, Dos Santos RM, Dias HM, Nunes YRF, Fernandes GW. Dissimilar forests along the Rio Doce watershed call for multiple restoration references to avoid biotic homogenization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172720. [PMID: 38688373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
An environmental disaster caused by the rupture of a mining tailings dam has impacted a large area of the Rio Doce watershed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, resulting in unprecedented damage at spatial and temporal scales. The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots. A long history of land use conversion has resulted in a highly fragmented landscape. Despite numerous restoration initiatives, these efforts have often biased criteria and use limited species assemblages. We conducted a comprehensive synthesis of the plant community in riparian forests along the Rio Doce watershed. Our work detailed vegetation composition (tree and sapling strata) and examined its relationship with edaphic and landscape factors, aiming to inform restoration projects with scientifically robust knowledge. A total of 4906 individuals from the tree strata and 4565 individuals from the sapling strata were recorded, representing a total of 1192 species from 75 families. Only 0.8% of the tree species and 0.5% of the sapling species occurred in all sampled sectors, with over 84% of the species occurring in a single watershed sector for both strata. We observed a high species heterogeneity modulated by turnover (92.3% in the tree, and 92.7% in the sapling strata) among sites. Overall, our research revealed a gradient of soil fertility influencing species composition across different strata. Additionally, we discovered that preserved landscapes had a positive impact on species diversity within both strata. The species exclusivity in the sampled sites and the high turnover rate imply the need to consider multiple reference ecosystems when restoring the watershed to reduce the risk of biotic homogenization. Finally, the reference ecosystems defined here serve as a basis for the selection of locally particular species in the implementation of restoration projects that aim to improve biodiversity, ecosystem services, and water security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Ramos
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Negreiros
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Figueiredo Goulart
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Gomes Figueiredo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walisson Kenedy-Siqueira
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Shizen Pacheco Toma
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wénita de Souza Justino
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata A Maia
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jéssica Tetzner de Oliveira
- Forestry and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Yumi Oki
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milton Barbosa
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ramiro Aguilar
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, CC 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rubens Manoel Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique Machado Dias
- Forestry and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G Wilson Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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4
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de Andrade Soares HM, Rocha IC, Paprocki H, Fernandes GW. Mining tailings alter insects: revealing fluctuating asymmetry in the caddisfly Smicridea coronata. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:531. [PMID: 38724710 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The Samarco/Vale/BHP mine tailing dam breach that took place in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, in 2015, deposited high concentrations of metals and metalloids in the Rio Doce basin, severely impacting freshwater and riverine forest ecosystems. To assess developmental instability of caddisflies in response to the environmental impacts of the dam breach, we investigated the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the species Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) coronata (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). FA was assessed at individual and populational scales using geometric morphometric methods in the cephalic capsule and mandibles of larvae and also on the forewings of adults, both collected under the impacted condition, and under the least disturbed condition. The levels of FA increased in response to stressors on the forewings at the populational scale, and on the mandibles, at individual scale. These morphological variations in the larval and adult stages may lead to detrimental effects and result in high mortality rates as well as lower adult fitness. Trichoptera forewings are revealed as suitable traits for assessing FA, holding potential for applications in biomonitoring programs. Directional asymmetry levels were higher than FA levels for all traits, and this correlation could be explained by a transition from fluctuating to directional asymmetry in the presence of heightened disturbance. Our results validate the relationship between the impacts from the dam breach and increased developmental instability in this species with likely cascade effects on the insect community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Maura de Andrade Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Conservação E Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Henrique Paprocki
- Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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5
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Bauer ADB, Linhares BDA, Nunes GT, Costa PG, Zebral YD, Bianchini A, Bugoni L. Temporal changes in metal and arsenic concentrations in blood and feathers of tropical seabirds after one of the largest environmental disasters associated with mining. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118240. [PMID: 38266903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring of contaminant levels in wildlife over time is a tool for assessing the presence and persistence of environmental impacts at ecosystem, community and population levels. Tropical seabirds breeding in the Abrolhos Archipelago, 70 km off the Brazilian coast, forage in areas under the influence of the Doce River discharge. In 2015, the Fundão Dam collapsed and released ca 60 million tons of iron ore tailings into the ocean. In the present study, red-billed tropicbirds Phaethon aethereus and brown boobies Sula leucogaster breeding in Abrolhos were monitored over four years (2019-2022) for metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cd) and metalloid (As) concentrations in blood and feathers. Over six sampling events, metal (loid) concentrations showed strong temporal variation in both tissues. Overall, feathers showed greater element concentrations than blood, with stronger correlations between elements, especially Mn and the nonessential As, Cd, Hg and Pb. Mn is one of the major chemical markers of the Fundão Dam tailings. Metal (loid) concentrations in the tropical seabirds evaluated were above suggested threshold levels for most nonessential elements (As, Cd and Pb), especially in February 2021, when metal (loid) concentrations peaked in feathers. In this case, values were orders of magnitude higher than those observed in other sampling events. This occurred one year after a major rainy season in the Doce River basin, which increased river discharge of contaminated mud into the ocean, where contaminants are further remobilized by winds and currents, resulting in transference through the marine food web. This finding is consistent to what has been observed for other ecosystem compartments monitored in the region under the influence of the Doce River. Our findings highlight the utility of using tropical seabirds as sentinels of marine pollution, revealing strong temporal patterns in metal (loid) concentrations associated to bottom-up climatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Barros Bauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade - NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27965-045, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Andrade Linhares
- Laboratório de Aves Aquáticas e Tartarugas Marinhas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Tavares Nunes
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Gomes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro Bugoni
- Laboratório de Aves Aquáticas e Tartarugas Marinhas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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6
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Zebral YD, Righi BDP, Anni ISA, Escarrone ALV, Guillante T, Vieira CED, Costa PG, Bianchini A. Organic contamination and multi-biomarker assessment in watersheds of the southern Brazil: an integrated approach using fish from the Astyanax genus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33181-5. [PMID: 38607488 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the responses of pollution biomarkers in feral fish from Astyanax genus collected at three hydrographic regions in southern Brazil and the capacity of these tools to differentiate between various levels of contamination. To achieve this, levels of organochlorine pesticides (liver), as well as the biomarkers AChE (muscle and brain), TBARS (liver), and EROD (liver) were assessed. Collections were conducted in four municipalities (Alegrete, Caraá, Lavras, and Santa Vitória) during 1 year, encompassing winter and summer. Fish from Alegrete were the most contaminated overall, but animals sampled in Caraá, and Lavras also displayed elevated levels of current-use pesticides. Elevated levels of endosulfans, DDTs, HCHs, and current-use pesticides were accompanied by elevated levels of TBARS in the liver. Conversely, fish from Santa Vitória exhibited the highest levels of PAHs, accompanied by elevated levels of EROD in the liver and reduced levels of AChE in muscle and brain. TBARS proved to be a reliable biomarker for assessing impacts arising from pesticide accumulation, while EROD and AChE served as valuable indicators of impacts resulting from PAHs accumulation. Ultimately, the results obtained in this study demonstrate the reliable use of the proposed biomarkers for tracking biological impacts stemming from aquatic pollution using feral Astyanax as biomonitoring species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Duarte Pereira Righi
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Iuri Salim Abou Anni
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Venquiaruti Escarrone
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Tainá Guillante
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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7
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Camêlo DDL, Silva Filho LAD, Arruda DLD, Cyrino LM, Barroso GF, Corrêa MM, Barbeira PJS, Mendes DB, Pasa VMD, Profeti D. Mineralogical fingerprint and human health risk from potentially toxic elements of Fe mining tailings from the Fundão dam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169328. [PMID: 38104831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, >50 million cubic meters of Fe mining tailings were released into the Doce River basin from the Fundão dam, raising the question of its consequences on the affected ecosystems. This study aimed to establish a mineralogical-(geo)chemical association of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from Fe mining tailings from the Fundão dam, collected seven days after the failure, through a multidisciplinary approach combining assessment of the risk to human health, environmental geochemistry, and mineralogy. Thus, eleven tailings samples were collected with the support of the Brazilian Military Police Fire Department. Granulometry, magnetic measurements, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and sequential chemical extraction of PTEs analyses were performed. Contamination indexes, assessment of risk to human health, and Pearson correlation were calculated using the results of sequential chemical extraction of PTEs. The predominance of goethite in Fe oxyhydroxide concentrates from the mud indicates that the major source of hematite may not be from tailings, but from pre-existing soils and sediments, and/or preferential dissolution of hematite in deep flooded zones of the tailings column of the Fundão dam. Moreover, the high correlation of most carcinogenic PTEs with their crystallographic variables indicates that goethite is the primary source of contaminants. Goethites from Fe mining tailings showed high specific surface area and Al-substitution, and due to their greater stability and reactivity, the impacts on PTE sorption phenomena and bioavailability may be maintained for long periods. However, their lower dissolution rate, and the consequent release of heavy metals would promote greater resilience for affected ecosystems, preventing significant PTE inputs under periodic reduction conditions. More specific studies, involving the crystallographic characteristics of Fe oxyhydroxides should be developed since they may provide another critical component of this set of complex and dynamic variables that interfere with the bioavailability of metals in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo de Lima Camêlo
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil.
| | | | - David Lukas de Arruda
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Luan Mauri Cyrino
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fonseca Barroso
- Department of Oceanography and Ecology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Metri Corrêa
- Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco 55292-270, Brazil
| | | | - Danniel Brandão Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vânya Marcia Duarte Pasa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Demetrius Profeti
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil
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de Figueiredo Eufrasio Pauly G, Perina FC, Yamamoto FY, Kim BSM, Trevizani TH, Cruz ACF, Ribeiro CC, Menezes L, Figueira RCL, de Souza Abessa DM. Five years after the collapse of the Fundão Dam: lessons from temporal monitoring of chemistry and acute toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:247. [PMID: 38332213 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In November 2015, the Fundão Dam break released millions of tons of metal-rich tailings into the Doce River Basin (DRB), causing catastrophic damage and potential ecological effects that reached the Atlantic Ocean. This study aimed to evaluate the geochemistry and toxicity of water and sediments collected in the DRB from 2015 to 2019 and to determine the spatial and temporal trends. Water and sediment samples were analyzed for metals and As by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and acute toxicity for Daphnia similis or D. magna. Results were explored using geochemical indices and correlation analyzes. Overall, higher concentrations of metals and As in water and sediments were observed immediately after dam breakage, but the levels exhibited a decreasing trend over time, although the levels of some elements such as As and Mn remained high in the upper DRB. The geochemical indices indicated mostly low to moderate contamination, and the enrichment factor (EF) demonstrated a higher enrichment of Mn in the upper DRB. Acute toxicity to water fleas (D. similis and D. magna) was occasionally observed in waters and sediments, but the reference samples were toxic, and the short-term effects were not correlated with metals and As. Overall, the results showed limited bioavailability of metals and As and a decreasing trend in their concentrations, indicating an ongoing recovery process in DRB. These results are important to decision-making regarding the disaster and actions for environmental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Cesar Perina
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Flávia Yoshie Yamamoto
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brasil
| | - Bianca Sung Mi Kim
- Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Feitosa Cruz
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brasil
| | - Caio Cesar Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brasil
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do Nascimento GB, Longhini CM, Cagnin RC, Costa ES, Silva CA, Neto RR, Sá F. Historical contamination with a current problem: Can mining tailings enhance coastal arsenic pollution? INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:159-168. [PMID: 37430429 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The coast of Espírito Santo state (Southeast Brazil) is recognized for its environmental arsenic (As) enrichment and, over the years, mining operations have potentialized it. We aimed to evaluate the effect of Rio Doce discharge on As inputs and the role of iron ore tailings from the Fundão dam disaster in enhancing As contamination in the marine sediment. Two scenarios were evaluated: Predisaster and Postdisaster; dry and wet conditions were considered in each period. High As concentrations were found in the Predisaster (28.44 ± 13.53 µg g-1 ), but a significant increase in As was remarkable during the Postdisaster in the wet season, one year after the disaster (maximum of 58.39 µg g-1 ; geoaccumulation index (Igeo ) Class 3, moderately severe pollution). On that occasion, iron (Fe) oxy-hydroxides from tailings were remobilized from the Rio Doce channel and deposited on the continental shelf bottom. Therefore, chemical interactions among Fe, As, and carbonates were enhanced, resulting in As and Fe coprecipitation and the trapping by carbonate adsorption. Rio Doce discharge seems to be the main factor in As inputs to the inner continental shelf when flooding do not occur previously in samplings, which allows further dispersion of contaminants, although this hypothesis should be tested further. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:159-168. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele B do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cybelle M Longhini
- Laboratory of Marine Biogeochemistry, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Renata C Cagnin
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Costa
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cesar A Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Renato R Neto
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fabian Sá
- Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry and Marine Pollution, Department of Oceanography, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Wild M, Rouhani S, Oehrig J, Alves PHG, Odle W, Gaspar DFA. Using spatiotemporal ratio analyses to quantitatively estimate water quality recovery of the Rio Doce. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:74-86. [PMID: 37452664 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The Fundão Dam breached on 5 November 2015 (the "Event"), resulting in the release of tailings, water, scoured sediment and/or soil, and other debris to downstream watercourses. Statistical analyses using historical and recent water quality measurements were conducted to assess the extent to which water quality in the Rio Doce was recovering to baseline conditions. A review of station- and/or parameter-specific water quality time series in the Rio Doce revealed two challenges: pre-Event data imbalance and seasonality. Due to the combined effects of these two factors, data gathered from Rio Doce water quality stations before the Event likely underestimated concentration ranges and limited the usefulness of common recovery assessment techniques such as times series and water quality standard exceedance analyses. These challenges were addressed by calculating quarterly and watershed-specific river-to-tributary ratios. R code was used to produce spatiotemporal time series for 44 investigated parameters that were measured both before and after the Event. The water quality recovery durations shown by the parameter- and/or region-specific river-to-tributary ratio time series indicated that (a) turbidity provides the most conservative measure for water quality recovery; (b) chemical parameters associated with the tailings, like manganese and iron recovered faster than turbidity; and (c) other investigated parameters unrelated to the tailings showed either no discernable impact or rapid recovery after the Event. The resulting parameter- and/or region-specific river-to-tributary ratio time series provided reliable and quantifiable estimates of water quality recovery durations. The water quality in the region furthest from Fundão Dam, in Espírito Santo, recovered one year after the Event, while water quality in the closest region to Fundão Dam, upstream of Risoleta Neves (Candonga) Dam, recovered 4.2 years after the Event. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:74-86. © 2023 Newfields Companies, LLC. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pedro H G Alves
- NewFields Brasil Consultoria Ambiental LTDA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kananizadeh N, Wild M, Oehrig J, Odle W, Rouhani S. Determining recovery of marine water quality of the Rio Doce using statistical and temporal comparisons with nearby river systems. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:99-116. [PMID: 37482920 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The Fundão dam breach affected the Rio Doce's estuarine and marine environments with water, tailings, scoured soil and/or sediments, and other debris. Time series and standard exceedance analyses are typically used to assess water quality recovery to baseline conditions after deteriorating water quality events. In the absence of historical measurements, impacts to water quality from the Fundão Event were compared with measurements of nearby rivers. Similar river systems with available water quality measurements were grouped into affected and unaffected estuarine and marine waters. Statistical and temporal comparisons of marine waters unaffected by the Rio Doce with those affected by the Rio Doce were evaluated for systematic differences. Multivariate statistical techniques were also used to assess water quality differences. Our results demonstrate that the Fundão dam breach had a short-term water quality impact on marine waters near the Rio Doce mouth. Principal component and comparative time series analyses clearly demonstrated this impact during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 wet seasons. The ephemeral effects of the breach, however, did not compromise marine water quality. Exceedances of CONAMA standards for metals remained either at zero or at very low levels during the affected period (<5.7%). Before the start of the next wet season in October 2017, water quality impacts from the Event were statistically indistinguishable from unaffected marine waters, indicating recovery to baseline conditions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:99-116. © 2023 NewFields Companies, LLC. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Arreguin-Rebolledo U, Castelhano Gebara R, Valencia-Castañeda G, Rico-Martínez R, Frías-Espericueta MG, Longo E, Páez-Osuna F. Toxicity of binary-metal mixtures (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn) in the euryhaline rotifer Proales similis: Antagonistic and synergistic effects. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115819. [PMID: 37995590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Data regarding the effects of binary metal mixtures in marine zooplankton are scarce, particularly for rotifers. We examined the toxicity of 21 binary equitoxic mixtures of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn on the euryhaline rotifer Proales similis. The toxic units (TU50) revealed that 20 of these binary mixtures exhibited synergistic effects (TU50 < 1.00). The AsHg mixture showed a strong antagonistic effect (TU50 = 2.39), whereas the HgCu interaction exhibited a significant synergistic effect (TU50 = 0.29) on P. similis. TU50 values were <0.60 in all cases that showed synergism (80 %). Regarding the MIXTOX analysis, 13 binary mixtures presented some level of synergism, while two mixtures presented only additivity. Results emphasize the need for environmental agencies to revise and readjust protection guidelines for marine biota in response to the evident synergistic effects occurring at metal mixtures concentrations below the current permissible limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Arreguin-Rebolledo
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20100 Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico; Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gladys Valencia-Castañeda
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rico-Martínez
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20100 Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | | | - Elson Longo
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Mourão AO, Santos MS, da Costa ASV, da Silva HT, Maia LFO, Faria MCDS, Rodriguez MDVR, Rodrigues JL. Assessment of Health Risk and Presence of Metals in Water and Fish Samples from Doce River, Brazil, After Fundão Dam Collapse. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:377-388. [PMID: 37009918 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The rupture of the Fundão dam released about 50 million m3 of mining tailings in the Doce river basin. To assess the potential for environmental contamination and the risks of residual exposure of the human population generated by these tailings, water and fish samples from the Doce river were collected 25 days after the accident and analyzed the physicochemical parameters of the water and levels of metals by ICP-MS, in addition to the temporal variability of the concentration of these elements through other studies. This was the first study to carry out an assessment of the health risk associated with the consumption of fish contaminated by metals from the areas affected by the disaster. The values of turbidity (5460 NTU), electrical conductivity (74.8 μS cm-1), total dissolved solids (892 mg L-1) and total suspended solids (772 mg L-1) were above the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation, due to the presence of large amounts of solid materials released after the dam rupture. The analysis of metals in water samples indicated high concentrations of Al (1,906.71 μg L-1), Mn (370.32 μg L-1), Fe (8,503.50 μg L-1) and Hg (34.25 μg L-1), while for the fish samples, only As (1,033.98 μg kg-1) and Hg (herbivorous: 505.32 μg kg-1; predatory: 1,184.09 μg kg-1) presented levels above those established by Brazilian legislation. The health risk assessment showed that the estimated daily intake for Hg was higher than the reference dose, reinforcing the need for monitoring the area affected by the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Oliveira Mourão
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Mayra Soares Santos
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da Costa
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Heberson Teixeira da Silva
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, 39803-371, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Cristina da Silva Faria
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, 39803-371, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo Lisboa Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, 39803-371, Brazil.
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Dell'Anno F, Joaquim van Zyl L, Trindade M, Buschi E, Cannavacciuolo A, Pepi M, Sansone C, Brunet C, Ianora A, de Pascale D, Golyshin PN, Dell'Anno A, Rastelli E. Microbiome enrichment from contaminated marine sediments unveils novel bacterial strains for petroleum hydrocarbon and heavy metal bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120772. [PMID: 36455775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are some of the most widespread contaminants affecting marine ecosystems, urgently needing effective and sustainable remediation solutions. Microbial-based bioremediation is gaining increasing interest as an effective, economically and environmentally sustainable strategy. Here, we hypothesized that the heavily polluted coastal area facing the Sarno River mouth, which discharges >3 tons of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ∼15 tons of heavy metals (HMs) into the sea annually, hosts unique microbiomes including marine bacteria useful for PAHs and HMs bioremediation. We thus enriched the microbiome of marine sediments, contextually selecting for HM-resistant bacteria. The enriched mixed bacterial culture was subjected to whole-DNA sequencing, metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs) annotation, and further sub-culturing to obtain the major bacterial species as pure strains. We obtained two novel isolates corresponding to the two most abundant MAGs (Alcanivorax xenomutans strain-SRM1 and Halomonas alkaliantarctica strain-SRM2), and tested their ability to degrade PAHs and remove HMs. Both strains exhibited high PAHs degradation (60-100%) and HMs removal (21-100%) yield, and we described in detail >60 genes in their MAGs to unveil the possible genetic basis for such abilities. Most promising yields (∼100%) were obtained towards naphthalene, pyrene and lead. We propose these novel bacterial strains and related genetic repertoire to be further exploited for effective bioremediation of marine environments contaminated with both PAHs and HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Dell'Anno
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Joaquim van Zyl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Marla Trindade
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Emanuela Buschi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032, Fano, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032, Fano, Italy.
| | - Milva Pepi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032, Fano, Italy.
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Antonio Dell'Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032, Fano, Italy.
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Almeida PIND, Jesus HED, Pereira PHF, Vieira CED, Bianchini A, Martins CDMG, Santos HFD. The microbial profile of rivers and lagoons three years after the impact of the world's largest mining disaster (Fundão dam, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114710. [PMID: 36334830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The collapse of the Fundão tailings dam (Minas Gerais, Brazil) was the largest environmental disaster in Brazil's history and in the world mining industry. This disaster carried approximately 55 million m3 of iron ore tailings along the rivers and the lagoons of the Doce river basin. Although multiple studies assessed the impact on microbial communities in those rivers and lagoons right after the dam rupture, it is not known whether the microbiome in those environments remains impacted years after the disaster. Assessing the microbiome is very important to evaluate impacts and evaluate the health of the environment, due to the several ecological roles played by microorganisms. Here, we evaluated the impact of the dam failure on water and sediment bacteriome and archaeome by high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Samples were taken from two rivers and six lagoons during the dry and rainy seasons approximately three years post disturbance. The results showed a large number and abundance of microbial groups associated with the presence of heavy metals and mine tailings sediments. Some of these microorganisms were also reported in large abundance in the impacted rivers shortly after the Fundão dam rupture. Among the most abundant microorganisms in the Doce River, we can highlight the bacteria hgcI clade and the archaea Nitrososphera sp. in the water, and the bacteria Anaerolineaceae sp. in the sediment. These results suggest that the microbiome of the rivers and the lagoons in the Doce river basin remains severely impacted by the Fundão tailings dam failure even three years after the disaster. The presence of those microorganisms can also help to assess the occurrence of the Fundão dam sediment in other environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ivo Neves de Almeida
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University - UFF, St. Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói, RJ, 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Hugo Emiliano de Jesus
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University - UFF, St. Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói, RJ, 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Freitas Pereira
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University - UFF, St. Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói, RJ, 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG. Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG. Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG. Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Fragoso Dos Santos
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University - UFF, St. Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói, RJ, 24210-201, Brazil.
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Maraschi AC, Marques JA, Costa SR, Vieira CED, Geihs MA, Costa PG, Martins CDMG, Sandrini JZ, Bianchini A, Souza MM. Marine shrimps as biomonitors of the Fundão (Brazil) mine dam disaster: A multi-biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119245. [PMID: 35381303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of the Fundão dam released 43 million m3 of mine tailings into the Doce River until it flowed into the ocean through the estuary. The mine tailing changed the composition of metals in water and sediment, creating a challenging scenario for the local biota. We used multivariate analyzes and the integrated biomarker response index (IBR) to assess the impact of mine tailings on the bioaccumulation profile (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) as well as the biomarkers response in gills, hepatopancreas and muscle of shrimps sampled from different sectors during two dry seasons (dry1 and dry2) (Sep/Oct 2018; 2019) and two wet seasons (wet1 and wet2) (Jan/feb 2019; 2020). There was seasonal and local effect under bioaccumulation and biomarker response revealing that the pattern responses seen in each sector sampled changed according to the season. The greater IBR added to the strong association among the most metals tissue content (Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn) and sectors sampled during dry 1 suggests greater bioavailability of these metals to the environment in this period. Estuarine sectors stand out for high Fe bioavailability, especially during wet1, which seems to be associated with greater metallothionein content in hepatopancreas of shrimps. Native species of marine shrimps proved to be successful indicators of sediment quality besides being sensitive to water contamination by metals. The multi-biomarkers approach added to multivariate analysis supports the temporal and seasonal effects, signalizing the importance of continuous monitoring of the estuarine region to better know about the bioavailability of these metals, mainly Fe, and their long-term effects on the local biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anieli C Maraschi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil.
| | - Joseane A Marques
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
| | - Simone R Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
| | - Carlos E D Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
| | - Márcio A Geihs
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
| | - Patrícia G Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
| | - Camila de M G Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
| | - Juliana Z Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
| | - Marta M Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, S/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil; Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia - FEST. Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845 - Goiabeiras, Vitória - ES, Brazil
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Bevitório LZ, da Silva NG, Pirovani JCM, Marques JA, Vieira CED, Zebral YD, Damasceno EM, Lopes LLR, de Sant'Ana LP, Marube LC, da Costa SR, Martins CDMG, Sandrini JZ, Souza MM, Bianchini A, do Vale-Oliveira M. Impacts of tailings of Fundão dam (Brazil) rupture on marine fish: Metals bioaccumulation and physiological responses. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113511. [PMID: 35303634 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of the mining tailings after the rupture of the Fundão dam on fish communities on the Atlantic Ocean southeast coast. Four sample collections were carried out over two years (2018-2020), in seasonal periods. Omnivorous/herbivorous and carnivorous fish were collected for analysis of metal bioaccumulation, multibiomarkers of environmental contamination and histopathology. Metal bioaccumulation was stronger correlated in carnivorous fish in the dry-2018 collection, besides higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, energy metabolism and higher morphological damage; however, there was less oxidative damage and less metallothioneins induction, and these variables were strongly associated with the wet-2020 collection. In a temporal view, it was possible to observe a reduction in metal levels in fish, except in the mouth of the Doce River. These events can be explained by seasonal natural events, which tend the resuspension and boost metal levels, mainly in the mouth region during the rainy season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ziviani Bevitório
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Niumaique Gonçalves da Silva
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Juliana Castro Monteiro Pirovani
- Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo -CEUNES/UFES, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus 29932-540, ES, Brazil
| | - Joseane Aparecida Marques
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Medeiros Damasceno
- Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo -CEUNES/UFES, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus 29932-540, ES, Brazil
| | - Layra Lethicia Rodrigues Lopes
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil; Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo -CEUNES/UFES, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus 29932-540, ES, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pirovani de Sant'Ana
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil
| | - Liziane Cardoso Marube
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Rutz da Costa
- Fundação Espírito-santense de Tecnologia-FEST, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 845, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-090, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Zomer Sandrini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Marques Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Maysa do Vale-Oliveira
- Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo -CEUNES/UFES, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus 29932-540, ES, Brazil.
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Dal Pizzol JL, Marques JA, da Silva Fonseca J, Costa PG, Bianchini A. Metal accumulation induces oxidative stress and alters carbonic anhydrase activity in corals and symbionts from the largest reef complex in the South Atlantic ocean. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133216. [PMID: 34896171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of metal accumulation on the oxidative status [lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in host and symbionts of the coral Mussismilia harttii and the hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis collected in Abrolhos Reef Banks (Northeast Brazil), potentially impacted by a major mine dam rupture. Considering metal levels measured in reefs worldwide, Abrolhos corals had higher Fe and Mn levels than expected for preserved offshore reefs. Increasing concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) drove inhibition of CA and increased oxidative damage in the hydrocoral M. alcicornis. The impairment of enzymatic activity in the symbiotic algae of M. alcicornis may be related to the oxidative stress condition. The hydrocoral M. alcicornis was more affected by metals than the coral M. harttii, which did not show the expected CA inhibition after metal exposure. Our results suggest that CA activity can be applied as a complementary biomarker to evaluate the physiological impacts of environmental metal contamination in reefs. Also, the metal levels and biochemical biomarkers reported in the present study may provide reference data to monitor the health of reefs impacted by a relevant dam rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lemos Dal Pizzol
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Joseane Aparecida Marques
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itália Km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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