1
|
Michorowska S, Kucharski D, Chojnacka J, Nałęcz-Jawecki G, Marek D, Giebułtowicz J. Metabolomic study on ostracods exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of five pharmaceuticals selected via a novel approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174036. [PMID: 38889824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) are increasingly detected in aquatic ecosystems, yet their effects on biota remain largely unknown. The environmentally relevant concentrations of many PhACs may not result in individual-level responses, like mortality or growth inhibition, traditional toxicity endpoints. However, this doesn't imply the absence of negative effects on biota. Metabolomics offers a more sensitive approach, detecting responses at molecular and cellular levels and providing mechanistic understanding of adverse effects. We evaluated bioaccumulation and metabolic alterations in a benthic ostracod, Heterocypris incongruens, exposed to a mixture of five PhACs (carbamazepine, tiapride, tolperisone, propranolol and amlodipine) at environmentally relevant concentrations for 7 days using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The selection of PhACs was based, among other factors, on risk quotient values determined using toxicological data available in the literature and concentrations of PhACs quantified in our previous research in the sediments of the Odra River estuary. This represents a novel approach to PhACs selection for metabolomic studies that considers strictly quantitative data. Amlodipine and tolperisone exhibited the highest bioaccumulation. Significant impacts were observed in Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis, Histidine metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, and Glutathione metabolism pathways. Most of the below-individual-level responses were likely nonspecific and related to dysregulation in energy metabolism and oxidative stress response. Additionally, some pharmaceutical-specific responses were also observed. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics can be used to detect metabolic changes resulting from environmentally relevant concentrations of PhACs in aquatic ecosystems and to understand their underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Michorowska
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dawid Kucharski
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Chojnacka
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dominik Marek
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warszawa, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elhadj Z, Brahim-Tazi NA, Belguermi A, Haddad FZ, Bekkay Y, Meghabar R. Organic and heavy metal pollutants in dredged sediment of Oran Harbor, Algeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:834. [PMID: 39177821 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Harbors on all coasts regularly silt up, receiving sedimentary inputs that progressively reduce the water depths available for navigation. Consequently, they are routinely dredged to guarantee the depths necessary for navigation. Sediments act as a reservoir for anthropogenic contaminants such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that enter the aquatic system associated with particles or in solution. The objective of this study is to assess the state of pollution by POPs and heavy metals such as copper and zinc, used in large quantities in antifouling paints, in the sediments of the port of Oran. These were characterized by different methods: size, XRD, calcination, FTIR, NMR, GC-MS, and AAS, in order to determine their main characteristics and heavy metals and POPs content. The particle size is determined by laser particle size distribution. Thus, sediments from Oran port are composed of means and end sands, silt, and clay. The XRD analysis shows that the sediments consist mainly of silicates and calcite. The organic matter was determined by ignition loss at 450 and 550 °C; it is about 7%. Analysis by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, and GC-MS of POPs excerpts shows that the sediments are highly polluted by aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (3372 mg/kg). Finally, metals were determined by AAS method. The results show significant pollution of Zn (313.5 mg/kg) and moderate pollution by Cu (75.6 mg/kg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoubida Elhadj
- Environmental and Materials Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, Oran 1 University, Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 31000 El'Menouer, Oran, Algeria
| | - Naouel Amel Brahim-Tazi
- Environmental and Materials Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, Oran 1 University, Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 31000 El'Menouer, Oran, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Belguermi
- Environmental and Materials Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, Oran 1 University, Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 31000 El'Menouer, Oran, Algeria
| | - Fatma Zohra Haddad
- Environmental Monitoring Network Laboratory, Faculties of Natural and Life Sciences, Oran 1 University, Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 31000 El'Menouer, Oran, Algeria
| | - Youcef Bekkay
- Department of Biology, Faculties of Natural and Life Sciences, Oran 1 University, Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 31000 El'Menouer, Oran, Algeria
| | - Rachid Meghabar
- Polymers Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, Oran 1 University, Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 31000 El'Menouer, Oran, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng L, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Wu Q. Iron single atoms anchored on ultrathin carbon nitride photocatalyst for visible light-driven water decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134703. [PMID: 38805817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride has gained considerable attention as a visible-light photocatalyst. However, its photocatalytic efficiency is restricted by its limited capacity for absorbing visible light and swift recombination of charge carriers. To overcome this bottleneck, we fabricated an atomic Fe-dispersed ultrathin carbon nitride (Fe-UTCN) photocatalyst via one-step thermal polymerization. Fe-UTCN showed high efficiency in the photodegradation of acetaminophen (APAP), achieving > 90 % elimination within 60-min visible light irradiation. The anchoring of Fe atoms improved the photocatalytic activity of UTCN by narrowing the bandgap from 2.50 eV to 2.33 eV and suppressing radiative recombination. Calculations by density functional theory revealed that the Fe-N4 sites (adsorption energy of - 3.10 eV) were preferred over the UTCN sites (adsorption energy of - 0.18 eV) for the adsorption of oxygen and the subsequent formation of O2•-, the dominant reactive species in the degradation of APAP. Notably, the Fe-UTCN catalyst exhibited good stability after five successive runs and was applicable to complex water matrices. Therefore, Fe-UTCN, a noble-metal-free photocatalyst, is a promising candidate for visible light-driven water decontamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianyuan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration, Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu D, Ji Y, Du B, He B, Chen H, Sun H, Yin X. The synergistic effect of typical chiral organic acids and solution chemistry conditions on the transport of 2-arylpropionic acid chiral derivatives in porous media. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124059. [PMID: 38703979 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The hazards of man-made chiral compounds are of great public concern, with reports of worrying stereoselective compounds and an urgent need to assess their transport. This study evaluated the transport of 2-arylpropionic acid derivatives enantiomers (2-APA) in porous media under a variety of solution chemistry conditions via column packing assays. The results revealed the introduction of Malic acid (MA) enantiomers enhanced the mobility of 2-APA enantiomers, but the enhancement effect was different for different 2-APA enantiomers. Batch sorption experiments confirmed that the MA enantiomers occupied the sorption site of the quartz sand, thus reducing the deposition of the 2-APA enantiomer. Homo- or heterochirality between 2-APA and MA dominates the transport of 2-APA enantiomers, with homochirality between them triggering stronger retention and vice versa. Further evaluating the effect of solution chemistry conditions on the transport of 2-APA enantiomers, increased ionic strength attenuated the mobility of 2-APA enantiomers, whereas introduced coexisting cations enhanced the retention of 2-APA enantiomers in the column. The redundancy analyses corroborated these solution chemistry conditions were negatively correlated with the transport of 2-APA enantiomers. The coupling of pH and these conditions reveals electrostatic forces dominate the transport behavior and stereoselective interactions of 2-APA enantiomers. Distinguishing the transport of enantiomeric pair helps to understand the difference in stereoselectivity of enantiomers and promises to remove the more hazardous one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yantian Ji
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bowen Du
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bo He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Huimin Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xianqiang Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rakowska J. Searching for a sustainable solution to increasing chemical pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40903-40915. [PMID: 38847947 PMCID: PMC11189951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The growing world population and the development of civilization put pressure on the environment. Irreversible climate changes, biodiversity loss, ocean acidification, land and water degradation, and food scarcity took place. Climate changes affect human health through extreme atmospheric phenomena or indirect effects of ecosystem disruption. The intensification of natural disasters increases the risk of technical failures, and the growing production and release of larger quantities and more new chemical compounds, with different hazard potentials, exceeds the environment's adaptability and societies' ability to monitor changes and conduct safety assessments. The article reviews the knowledge and approach to the possibility of reducing the risks and effects of events resulting from chemical pollution. As stated, prevention of further environmental degradation and increased preparedness for natural disasters caused by climate change is critical to public safety and requires contingency plans to continuously adapt to the changing frequency, intensity, and scale of natural disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rakowska
- Institute of Safety Engineering, Fire University, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardenas Perez AS, Challis JK, Alcaraz AJ, Ji X, Ramirez AVV, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. Developing an Approach for Integrating Chemical Analysis and Transcriptional Changes to Assess Contaminants in Water, Sediment, and Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38801401 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments pose threats to aquatic organisms because of their continuous release and potential accumulation. Monitoring methods for these contaminants are inadequate, with targeted analyses falling short in assessing water quality's impact on biota. The present study advocates for integrated strategies combining suspect and targeted chemical analyses with molecular biomarker approaches to better understand the risks posed by complex chemical mixtures to nontarget organisms. The research aimed to integrate chemical analysis and transcriptome changes in fathead minnows to prioritize contaminants, assess their effects, and apply this strategy in Wascana Creek, Canada. Analysis revealed higher pharmaceutical concentrations downstream of a wastewater-treatment plant, with clozapine being the most abundant in fathead minnows, showing notable bioavailability from water and sediment sources. Considering the importance of bioaccumulation factor and biota-sediment accumulation factor in risk assessment, these coefficients were calculated based on field data collected during spring, summer, and fall seasons in 2021. Bioaccumulation was classified as very bioaccumulative with values >5000 L kg-1, suggesting the ability of pharmaceuticals to accumulate in aquatic organisms. The study highlighted the intricate relationship between nutrient availability, water quality, and key pathways affected by pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and rubber components. Prioritization of these chemicals was done through suspect analysis, supported by identifying perturbed pathways (specifically signaling and cellular processes) using transcriptomic analysis in exposed fish. This strategy not only aids in environmental risk assessment but also serves as a practical model for other watersheds, streamlining risk-assessment processes to identify environmental hazards and work toward reducing risks from contaminants of emerging concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-22. © 2024 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sharelys Cardenas Perez
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Challis
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alper James Alcaraz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexis Valerio Valery Ramirez
- Grupo de investigación Agrícola y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu H, Zhao B, Jin M, Wang R, Ding Z, Wang X, Xu W, Chen Q, Tao R, Fu J, Xie D. Anthropogenic-induced ecological risks on marine ecosystems indicated by characterizing emerging pollutants in Pearl River Estuary, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172030. [PMID: 38547985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in marine environments have raised significant concerns. Yet, analyses detailing their origins, fate, and environmental effects are limited. This study employs an integrated non-target screening methodology to elucidate CECs existence across 46 sampling sites in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) of the South China Sea. Assisted by advanced liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, we discovered 208 chemicals in six usage categories, with pesticides (33 %) and pharmaceuticals (29 %) predominating. Several CECs drew attention for their consistent detections, profound abundance, and significant ecotoxicities. The wide detection of them at offshore sites further implies that anthropogenic activities may contribute to large-scale contamination. Meanwhile, distinct distribution patterns of CECs across PRE are evident in semi-quantitative results, indicating regional anthropogenic influences. Identified transformation products may establish a novel and non-negligible negative contribution to ecology through elevated environmental toxicities, exemplified by HMMM and atrazine. Based on the ecological risks, we compiled a prioritized list of 21 CECs warranting intensified scrutiny. Our findings indicate the introduction of various CECs into the South China Sea via PRE, emphasizing the urgent necessity for ongoing surveillance of discharged CECs at estuary areas and assessment of their marine ecological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Meng Jin
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Zirong Ding
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Xiong Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Qianghua Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Rizhu Tao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Jianping Fu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Monitoring, Early Warning and Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Nanning 530029, PR China
| | - Danping Xie
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie Y, Chen W, Li H, Zeng Q, Yu X, Feng M. Promoted micropollutant degradation and structural evolution of natural organic matter by a novel S(IV)-based water treatment strategy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132801. [PMID: 37871437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of various organic micropollutants in global water and wastewater has raised considerable concern about their cost-efficient elimination. This study reported that the novel UV365/FeTiOX/S(IV) system could accomplish superior abatement of different micropollutants (e.g., carbamazepine, CMZ) in 30-45 min with excellent reusability and stability of FeTiOX. In addition, this system functioned effectively to remove roxarsone and As(III)/As(V) by catalytic oxidation and adsorption, respectively. Mechanistic investigations suggested the dual roles of S(IV) in enhancing pollutant oxidation, i.e., promoted Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle and photocatalysis. These processes facilitated the continuous generation of multiple oxidizing intermediates (e.g., hydroxyl radicals, sulfate radicals, and singlet oxygen), in which the last one was first proposed as the main contributor in iron-mediated S(IV)-based oxidation processes. Based on the product identification, the transformation pathways of four different micropollutants were tentatively unraveled. The in silico prediction suggested the lower environmental risks of the final reaction products than the precursors. Particularly, the structural alteration of humic acid was analyzed, indicating an increased O/C ratio after oxidative treatment. Overall, this study has implications for developing an efficient oxidation technique for removing multiple micropollutants in water and facilitating the mechanistic reactivity modulation of the S(IV)-based oxidation strategies in water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castaño-Ortiz JM, Gil-Solsona R, Ospina-Álvarez N, Alcaraz-Hernández JD, Farré M, León VM, Barceló D, Santos LHMLM, Rodríguez-Mozaz S. Fate of pharmaceuticals in the Ebro River Delta region: The combined evaluation of water, sediment, plastic litter, and biomonitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167467. [PMID: 37778570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals, alongside their limited removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), have led to their ubiquitous occurrence in receiving aquatic environments. This study addresses the occurrence of 68 pharmaceuticals (PhACs) in the Ebro River Delta region (NE Spain), as well as their distribution in different environmental compartments, including surface water, sediments, biota (river biofilm and fish tissues), and field-collected plastic litter. In addition, their concentrations in serving WWTPs, as possible sources of environmental contamination, were also determined. Our study confirmed the widespread occurrence of PhACs in riverine and, to a more limited extent, coastal environments. Most frequently detected PhACs belonged to analgesics/anti-inflammatories (e.g., ibuprofen) and psychiatric drugs (e.g., venlafaxine) therapeutic groups, followed by antihypertensives (e.g., valsartan) and antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin). Seasonal differences in cumulative levels of PhACs were reported for water and sediments (winter>summer). Despite spatial gradients were not clear along the river, a non-negligible contribution of upstream Ebro sites (reference area) was highlighted, which was unexpected based on the low anthropogenic pressure. Sediments represented a minor attenuation pathway for the selected PhACs, whereas they were more heavily accumulated in biota: fish liver (up to 166 ng/g dw), river biofilms (up to 108 ng/g dw), fish plasma (up to 63 ng/mL), and fish muscle (up to 31 ng/g dw). These findings highlight the importance of biomonitoring in the characterization of polluted areas and prioritization of hazardous substances (e.g., psychiatric drugs) in aquatic systems, and a particular interest of fish plasma as non-destructive biomonitoring matrix. PhACs were also detected on plastic litter, demonstrating their role as environmental sinks for certain PhACs (e.g., analgesics/anti-inflammatories, psychiatric drugs). Overall, the widespread detection of PhACs in a variety of biotic and abiotic matrices from the lower Ebro River and Delta warns about their possible environmental implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Castaño-Ortiz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - R Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Ospina-Álvarez
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Atlantic International Research Centre (AIR Centre), 9700-702 Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | | | - M Farré
- IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, 30740 Murcia, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krawczyk B, Zięba N, Kaźmierczak A, Czarny-Krzymińska K, Szczukocki D. Growth inhibition, oxidative stress and characterisation of mortality in green algae under the influence of beta-blockers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165019. [PMID: 37353012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Bisoprolol and ketoprofen are widely used pharmaceuticals in medical treatment hence these substances are occurring in wastewaters and in water environment. This research investigated the toxic effects of bisoprolol and ketoprofen on two microalgae taxa, Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus armatus. The results showed that both drugs inhibited the growth of the species tested and induced a decrease in chlorophyll a content compared to controls. Ketoprofen turned out to be harmful to algae as the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values (14 days) were 37.69 mg L-1 for C. vulgaris and 40.93 mg L-1 for D. armatus. On the other hand, for bisoprolol, the EC50 values were greater than the established NOEC, 100 mg L-1. Bisoprolol and ketoprofen induced oxidative stress in the tested microorganisms, as indicated by changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Exposure to 100 mg L-1 of drugs significantly increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Fluorescence microscopy showed that both medicaments changed the cells' morphology. There was atrophy of chlorophyll in the cells, moreover, dying multinuclear cells and cells without nuclei were observed. In addition, there were atrophic cells, namely cells that lacked nuclei and chlorophyll. Profile area analyses showed that bisoprolol and ketoprofen treated C. vulgaris cells were approximately 4 and 2 times greater compared to control ones. Our experimental findings highlight the ecotoxicological threats for aquatic primary producers from bisoprolol and ketoprofen and provide insight into the characteristics of their death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland.
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Pomorska 141/143, Poland
| | - Karolina Czarny-Krzymińska
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland
| | - Dominik Szczukocki
- Laboratory of Environmental Threats, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Tamka 12, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pinheiro M, Martins I, Raimundo J, Caetano M, Neuparth T, Santos MM. Stressors of emerging concern in deep-sea environments: microplastics, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and deep-sea mining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162557. [PMID: 36898539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although most deep-sea areas are remote in comparison to coastal zones, a growing body of literature indicates that many sensitive ecosystems could be under increased stress from anthropogenic sources. Among the multiple potential stressors, microplastics (MPs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs/PCPs) and the imminent start of commercial deep-sea mining have received increased attention. Here we review recent literature on these emerging stressors in deep-sea environments and discuss cumulative effects with climate change associated variables. Importantly, MPs and PPCPs have been detected in deep-sea waters, organisms and sediments, in some locations in comparable levels to coastal areas. The Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea are the most studied areas and where higher levels of MPs and PPCPs have been detected. The paucity of data for most other deep-sea ecosystems indicates that many more locations are likely to be contaminated by these emerging stressors, but the absence of studies hampers a better assessment of the potential risk. The main knowledge gaps in the field are identified and discussed, and future research priorities are highlighted to improve hazard and risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Pinheiro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA - Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bedell JP, Dendievel AM, Gosset A, Mourier B. Combined Chemical and Ecotoxicological Measurements for River Sediment Management in an On-Land Deposit Scenario. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:436-452. [PMID: 37097447 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sediment management along engineered river systems includes dredging operations and sediment deposition in the sea (capping) or on land. Thus, determining the ecotoxicological risk gradient associated with river sediments is critical. In this study, we investigated sediment samples along the Rhône River (France) and conducted environmental risk assessment tests with the idea to evaluate them in the future for deposit on soil. Based on an on-land deposit scenario, the capacity of the sediment samples from four sites (LDB, BER, GEC, and TRS) to support vegetation was evaluated by characterising the physical and chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, grain size, C/N, potassium, nitrogen, and selected pollutants), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and metal trace elements. All tested sediments were contaminated by metallic elements and PCBs as follows: LDB > GEC > TRS > BER, but only LDB had levels higher than the French regulatory threshold S1. Sediment ecotoxicity was then assessed using acute (plant germination and earthworm avoidance) and chronic (ostracod test and earthworm reproduction) bioassays. Two of the tested plant species, Lolium perenne (ray grass) and Cucurbita pepo (zucchini), were highly sensitive to sediment phytotoxicity. Acute tests also showed significant inhibition of germination and root growth, with avoidance by Eisenia fetida at the least contaminated sites (TRS and BER). Chronic bioassays revealed that LDB and TRS sediment were significantly toxic to E. fetida and Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracoda), and GEC sediment was toxic for the latter organism. In this on-land and spatialised deposit scenario, river sediment from the LDB site (Lake Bourget marina) presented the highest potential toxicity and required the greatest attention. However, low contamination levels can also lead to potential toxicity (as demonstrated for GEC and TRS site), underlining the importance of a multiple test approach for this scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bedell
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
| | - André-Marie Dendievel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Antoine Gosset
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Brice Mourier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wysocka IA, Rogowska AM, Kostrz-Sikora P. Investigation of anthropogenic gadolinium in tap water of polish cities: Gdańsk, Kraków, Warszawa, and Wrocław. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121289. [PMID: 36791951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In urban areas where tap water is often produced by a purification of water supplied from a river bank filtration, a significant fraction of gadolinium (Gd) total pool is of an anthropogenic origin. It happens because Gd-based contrast agents used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are not removed during wastewater treatment and they are discharged to the environment and returned to the water cycle. Despite the growing number of MRI examinations worldwide, little is known about the anthropogenic Gd in Polish surface water as well as drinking water. The aim of this pilot study was to gain information about the occurrence of emergent pollution as Gd in potable water available for inhabitants of Polish municipal areas. Tap water samples from Gdańsk, Kraków, Wrocław and Warszawa were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry after their preconcentration by a seaFAST-pico chromatographic system. In this study, the sum of REE was in the range registered in the drinking waters of European urban regions (usually below 100 ng/L). The highest values of the sum of REE total concentrations were observed in the tap water samples collected in Warszawa (37.7 ng/L) and Wrocław (35.9 ng/L and 32.9 ng/L), where water supplies originate from the Wisła River and Oława River, respectively. The highest total Gd concentration was observed in the tap water of Warszawa city where the anthropogenic Gd fraction represented about 90% of the total Gd. The lowest values of the sum REE were registered in tap waters of Gdańsk (sum of REE below 2.2 ng/L) with up to 17% of the anthropogenic Gd. Thus, our study showed the occurrence of the anthropogenic Gd in all analyzed tap waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Agnieszka Wysocka
- Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Maria Rogowska
- Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Kostrz-Sikora
- Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Musial J, Mlynarczyk DT, Stanisz BJ. Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using TiO 2-based materials - Perspectives for the development of a sustainable water treatment technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159122. [PMID: 36183772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide-based materials is considered a promising and innovative solution to the water pollution problem. However, due to the limitations concerning the use of the developed materials and the applied photodegradation conditions, the research on photoremediation using TiO2 often stays behind the lab door. The challenge is to convert the basic research into a successful innovation, leading to the implementation of this process into wastewater treatment. For this purpose, the most active materials and optimal photodegradation conditions must be chosen. This article collects and compares the studies on photocatalytic degradation of an emerging pollutant - sulfamethoxazole, an antibacterial drug - and attempts to find the best approaches to be successfully applied on an industrial scale. Various types of TiO2-based photocatalysts are compared, including different nanoforms, doped or polymer-based composites, composites with graphene, activated carbon, dyes or natural compounds, as well as possible supporting materials for TiO2. The paper covers the impact of the irradiation source (natural sunlight, LED, mercury or xenon lamps) and water matrix on the photodegradation process, considering the ecological and economic sustainability of the process. Emphasis is put on the stability, ease of separation and reuse of the photocatalyst, power and safety of the irradiation source, identification of photodegradation intermediates and toxicity assays. The main approaches are critically discussed, main challenges and perspectives for an effective photocatalytic water treatment technology are pointed out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musial
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata J Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Gao J, Liao M, Liu J, Hu X, He B. Attitudes and opinions about ecopharmacovigilance from multi-disciplinary perspectives: a cross-sectional survey among academic researchers in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2273-2282. [PMID: 35931847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a promising upstream strategy to reduce the environmental loads of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants (PECs) through source control, ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) is concerned with the set of activities to identify, evaluate, understand, and prevent against diverse PEC-related problems, and has been accepted as a multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder system. This cross-sectional observational survey aimed to assess the attitudes and opinions about EPV from multi-disciplinary perspectives among Chinese academic professors from four main EPV-related disciplines including pharmacy, management, clinical medicine, and environmental and ecological science based on a self-developed questionnaire. Forty-two usable survey instruments were acquired. Results showed that the responding Chinese academic researchers from different disciplines expressed consistently positive attitudes and strong intentions for EPV, in spite of several disparities existing among disciplinary groups showing that pharmacy and medical researchers felt more certain of the environmental adverse effects of PECs, and researchers in pharmacy and environmental and ecological science were more interested in EPV. A multi-disciplinary consensus was achieved in regard to the types of key stakeholders in EPV practices including the pharmaceutical manufacturers, the public, the drug safety authority, hospitals, and the environmental protection agency. The main roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder identity in EPV practices were summarized based on the expert opinions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfan Liao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianmin Hu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingshu He
- Hubei Province Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Urbaniak M, Chinthakindi S, Martinez A, Hornbuckle KC, Kannan K. Occurrence of primary aromatic amines and nicotine in sediments collected from the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158102. [PMID: 35987249 PMCID: PMC10116586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive use of primary aromatic amines (AAs) in consumer products, little is known about their occurrence in the environment. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 14 AAs and nicotine in 75 sediment samples collected from seven estuarine and freshwater ecosystems in the Unites States. Additionally, risk quotients (RQs) were calculated to assess potential risks of these chemicals to aquatic organisms. Of the 14 AAs analyzed, seven of them were found in sediments. The sum concentrations of seven AAs in sediments were in the range of 10.2 to 1810 ng/g, dry wt (mean: 388 ng/g). Aniline was the most abundant compound, accounting for, on average, 53 % of the total concentrations. Nicotine was found in sediments at a concentration range of <LOQ to 1340 ng/g, dry wt (mean: 119 ng/g). Among the seven sampling locations studied, AAs and nicotine concentrations were the highest in sediment from Altavista wastewater lagoon in Virginia (AV, mean: 1700 ng/g) followed in descending order by Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC, mean: 807 ng/g), Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC, mean: 698 ng/g) and New Bedford Harbor (NBH, mean: 482 ng/g). Sediments from the upper Mississippi River (MISS, mean: 63.4 ng/g) and Tittabawassee River (TBR, mean: 52.3 ng/g) contained the lowest concentrations. The RQ values for AAs in sediment ranged from 0 to 733 and that for nicotine ranged from 0 to 2060. Among AAs, the highest RQ value was found for 4-chloroaniline. Nicotine exhibited notable RQ values, which suggested risk from this chemical to aquatic organisms. This is the first study to report the occurrence of AAs in sediments and our results suggest the need for further investigations on the sources and ecological impacts of these chemicals in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbaniak
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sridhar Chinthakindi
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andres Martinez
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Magnuson JT, Longenecker-Wright Z, Havranek I, Monticelli G, Brekken HK, Kallenborn R, Schlenk D, Sydnes MO, Pampanin DM. Bioaccumulation potential of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline in a marine Polychaete, Nereis virens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158193. [PMID: 35995163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continual discharge of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into the marine environment, even at concentrations as low as ng/L, can exceed levels that induce sublethal effects to aquatic organisms. Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is the most prescribed antidepressant in Norway, though the presence, potential for transport, and uptake by aquatic biota have not been assessed. To better understand the release and bioaccumulative capacity of amitriptyline, laboratory exposure studies were carried out with field-collected sediments. Influent and effluent composite samples from the WWTP of Stavanger (the 4th largest city in Norway) were taken, and sediment samples were collected in three sites in the proximity of this WWTP discharge at sea (WWTP discharge (IVAR), Boknafjord, and Kvitsøy (reference)). Polychaetes (Nereis virens) were exposed to field-collected sediments, as well as to Kvitsøy sediment spiked with 3 and 30 μg/g amitriptyline for 28 days. The WWTP influent and effluent samples had concentrations of amitriptyline of 4.93 ± 1.40 and 6.24 ± 1.39 ng/L, respectively. Sediment samples collected from IVAR, Boknafjord, and Kvitsøy had concentrations of 6.5 ± 3.9, 15.6 ± 12.7, and 12.7 ± 8.0 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of amitriptyline were below the limit of detection in polychaetes exposed to sediment collected from Kvitsøy and IVAR, and 5.2 ± 2.8 ng/g in those exposed to Boknafjord sediment. Sediment spiked with 3 and 30 μg/g amitriptyline had measured values of 423.83 ± 33.1 and 763.2 ± 180.5 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations in worms exposed to the amended sediments were 9.5 ± 0.2 and 56.6 ± 2.2 ng/g, respectively. This is the first known study to detect measurable concentrations of amitriptyline in WWTP discharge in Norway and accumulation in polychaetes treated with field-collected sediments, suggesting that amitriptyline has the potential for trophic transfer in marine systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway.
| | - Zoe Longenecker-Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
| | - Ivo Havranek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Giovanna Monticelli
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
| | - Hans Kristian Brekken
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Flores-Contreras EA, González-González RB, González-González E, Melchor-Martínez EM, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Detection of Emerging Pollutants Using Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Outlook. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1078. [PMID: 36551045 PMCID: PMC9775161 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic potentialities of innovative materials that include aptamers have opened new paradigms in biosensing platforms for high-throughput monitoring systems. The available nucleobase functional moieties in aptamers offer exclusive features for bioanalytical sensing applications. In this context, compared to various in-practice biological recognition elements, the utilization of aptamers in detection platforms results in an extensive range of advantages in terms of design flexibility, stability, and sensitivity, among other attributes. Thus, the utilization of aptamers-based biosensing platforms is extensively anticipated to meet unaddressed challenges of various in-practice and standard analytical and sensing techniques. Furthermore, the superior characteristics of aptasensors have led to their applicability in the detection of harmful pollutants present in ever-increasing concentrations in different environmental matrices and water bodies, seeking to achieve simple and real-time monitoring. Considering the above-mentioned critiques and notable functional attributes of aptamers, herein, we reviewed aptamers as a fascinating interface to design, develop, and deploy a new generation of monitoring systems to aid modern bioanalytical sensing applications. Moreover, this review aims to summarize the most recent advances in the development and application of aptasensors for the detection of various emerging pollutants (EPs), e.g., pharmaceutical, and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), pesticides and other agricultural-related compounds, and toxic heavy elements. In addition, the limitations and current challenges are also reviewed, considering the technical constraints and complexity of the environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elda A. Flores-Contreras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Everardo González-González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Musial J, Belet A, Mlynarczyk DT, Kryjewski M, Goslinski T, Lambert SD, Poelman D, Stanisz BJ. Nanocomposites of Titanium Dioxide and Peripherally Substituted Phthalocyanines for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193279. [PMID: 36234406 PMCID: PMC9565719 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are often used in photosensitization of titanium(IV) oxide, a commonly employed photocatalyst, as such an approach holds the promise of obtaining highly stable and efficient visible light-harvesting materials. Herein, we report on the preparation, characterization and photoactivity of a series of composites based on TiO2 and peripherally modified metallophthalocyanines: either tetrasulfonated or 4,4',4'',4'''-tetraazaphthalocyanines, with either copper(II), nickel(II) or zinc(II) as the central metal ion. Physicochemical characterization was performed using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, hydrodynamic particle-size analysis, surface-area analysis using N2 adsorption-desorption measurements and thermogravimetry combined with differential scanning calorimetry. The band-gap energy values were lower for the composites with peripherally modified phthalocyanines than for the commercial TiO2 P25 or the unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine-grafted TiO2. TG-DSC results confirmed that the chemical deposition, used for the preparation of Pc/TiO2 composites, is a simple and efficient method for TiO2 surface modification, as all the Pc load was successfully grafted on TiO2. The photocatalytic potential of the Pc/TiO2 materials was assessed in the photocatalytic removal of sulfamethoxazole-a commonly used antibacterial drug of emerging ecological concern. To compare the activity of the materials in different conditions, photodegradation tests were conducted both in water and in an organic medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musial
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Artium Belet
- Department of Chemical Engineering–Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, University of Liege, Building B6a, Allée du 6 Août 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michal Kryjewski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stéphanie D. Lambert
- Department of Chemical Engineering–Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, University of Liege, Building B6a, Allée du 6 Août 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dirk Poelman
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beata J. Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kuc J, Thomas M, Grochowalska I, Kulczyk R, Mikosz G, Mrózek F, Janik D, Korta J, Cwynar K. Determination and Removal of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Total Organic Carbon from Surface Water by Aluminum Chlorohydrate Coagulant. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175740. [PMID: 36080505 PMCID: PMC9457546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, the removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and erythromycin (ERY), fluoxetine (FLX), amoxicillin (AMO), colistin (COL), ethynylestradiol (EE), and diclofenac (DIC) from surface water by coagulation is studied. The concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in 24 surface water samples originating from some rivers located in Lesser Poland Voivodeship and Silesia Voivodeship, Poland, was determined. The removal of TOC and pharmaceuticals was carried out using the application of Design of Experiments (DOE), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and by addition of aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) as a coagulant. The study found that the concentration ranges of ERY, FLX, AMO, COL, EE, and DIC in analyzed water samples were 7.58−412.32, 1.21−72.52, 1.22−68.55, 1.28−32.01, 5.36−45.56, 2.20−182.22 ng/L, respectively. In some cases, concentrations lower than 1 ng/L were determined. In optimal conditions of coagulation process of spiked surface water (pH = 6.5 ± 0.1, ACH dose = 0.35 mL/L, Time = 30 min; R2 = 0.8799, R2adj = 0.7998), the concentration of TOC, ERY, FLX, AMO, COL, EE, and DIC was decreased by 88.7, 36.4, 24.7, 29.0, 25.5, 35.4, 30.4%, respectively. Simultaneously, turbidity, color, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (Total N), and Ammonium-Nitrogen (N-NH4) were decreased by 96.2%, >98.0%, 97.8%, 70.0%, 88.7%, 37.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that ACH may be an optional reagent to remove studied pharmaceuticals from contaminated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kuc
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Maciej Thomas
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Iwona Grochowalska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Żeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
| | - Rafał Kulczyk
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Mikosz
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Fabian Mrózek
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Janik
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Justyna Korta
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Cwynar
- Student Scientific Association of Environment and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karakulska J, Woroszyło M, Szewczuk M, Fijałkowski K. Identification, Superantigen Toxin Gene Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococci Isolated from Polish Primitive Sheep Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162139. [PMID: 36009729 PMCID: PMC9404845 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze staphylococcal microbiota of the nasal cavity of the primitive sheep breeds Polish Świniarka and Wrzosówka kept on the same ecological farm. The research included the identification of staphylococcal species, evaluation of the prevalence of genes encoding enterotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin-like proteins, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and detection of antimicrobial resistance. From 61 swab samples gathered from Świniarka (33) and Wrzosówka (28) healthy sheep, 127 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated. Based on PCR-RFLP analysis of the gap gene using AluI and HpyCH4V enzymes, the isolates were identified as: Staphylococcus xylosus (33.9%), S. equorum (29.1%), S. arlettae (15%), S. warneri (9.4%), S. lentus (7.9%), S. succinus (3.9%) and S. sciuri (0.8%). Three of these species, S. lentus, S. succinus, and S. sciuri, were detected only from the Świniarka breed. It was found that 77.2% of isolates harbored from 1 to 7 out of 21 analyzed genes for superantigenic toxins. The greatest diversity of toxin genes was recorded for S. equorum (16 different genes). The most prevalent gene was ser (40.2%). The incidence and number of resistances to antimicrobials were found to be bacterial species but not sheep breed dependent. The highest percentage of resistance was found for S. sciuri. The most frequent resistance was observed to clindamycin (45.7%). The findings of this study prove that toxigenic and antimicrobial resistant CoNS can colonize the nasal cavity of healthy sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Karakulska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Woroszyło
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szewczuk
- Department of Ruminant Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|