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Engquist EN, Greco A, Joosten LA, van Engelen BG, Banerji CR, Zammit PS. Transcriptomic gene signatures measure satellite cell activity in muscular dystrophies. iScience 2024; 27:109947. [PMID: 38840844 PMCID: PMC11150970 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The routine need for myonuclear turnover in skeletal muscle, together with more sporadic demands for hypertrophy and repair, are performed by resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells. Muscular dystrophies are characterized by muscle wasting, stimulating chronic repair/regeneration by satellite cells. Here, we derived and validated transcriptomic signatures for satellite cells, myoblasts/myocytes, and myonuclei using publicly available murine single cell RNA-Sequencing data. Our signatures distinguished disease from control in transcriptomic data from several muscular dystrophies including facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy type I. For FSHD, the expression of our gene signatures correlated with direct counts of satellite cells on muscle sections, as well as with increasing clinical and pathological severity. Thus, our gene signatures enable the investigation of myogenesis in bulk transcriptomic data from muscle biopsies. They also facilitate study of muscle regeneration in transcriptomic data from human muscle across health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise N. Engquist
- King’s College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anna Greco
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A.B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University if Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Baziel G.M. van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher R.S. Banerji
- King’s College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, The British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK
- University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Peter S. Zammit
- King’s College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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2
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Verma M, Asakura Y, Wang X, Zhou K, Ünverdi M, Kann AP, Krauss RS, Asakura A. Endothelial cell signature in muscle stem cells validated by VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 axis promoting survival of muscle stem cell. eLife 2024; 13:e73592. [PMID: 38842166 PMCID: PMC11216748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial and skeletal muscle lineages arise from common embryonic progenitors. Despite their shared developmental origin, adult endothelial cells (ECs) and muscle stem cells (MuSCs; satellite cells) have been thought to possess distinct gene signatures and signaling pathways. Here, we shift this paradigm by uncovering how adult MuSC behavior is affected by the expression of a subset of EC transcripts. We used several computational analyses including single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to show that MuSCs express low levels of canonical EC markers in mice. We demonstrate that MuSC survival is regulated by one such prototypic endothelial signaling pathway (VEGFA-FLT1). Using pharmacological and genetic gain- and loss-of-function studies, we identify the FLT1-AKT1 axis as the key effector underlying VEGFA-mediated regulation of MuSC survival. All together, our data support that the VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 pathway promotes MuSC survival during muscle regeneration, and highlights how the minor expression of select transcripts is sufficient for affecting cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Verma
- Department of Pediatrics & Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Kasey Zhou
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Mahmut Ünverdi
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Allison P Kann
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciencesf, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciencesf, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
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3
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Verdejo-Torres O, Klein DC, Novoa-Aponte L, Carrazco-Carrillo J, Bonilla-Pinto D, Rivera A, Fitisemanu F, Jiménez-González ML, Flinn L, Pezacki AT, Lanzirotti A, Ortiz-Frade LA, Chang CJ, Navea JG, Blaby-Haas C, Hainer SJ, Padilla-Benavides T. Cysteine Rich Intestinal Protein 2 is a copper-responsive regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592485. [PMID: 38746126 PMCID: PMC11092763 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element required for respiration, neurotransmitter synthesis, oxidative stress response, and transcriptional regulation. Imbalance in Cu homeostasis can lead to several pathological conditions, affecting neuronal, cognitive, and muscular development. Mechanistically, Cu and Cu-binding proteins (Cu-BPs) have an important but underappreciated role in transcription regulation in mammalian cells. In this context, our lab investigates the contributions of novel Cu-BPs in skeletal muscle differentiation using murine primary myoblasts. Through an unbiased synchrotron X-ray fluorescence-mass spectrometry (XRF/MS) metalloproteomic approach, we identified the murine cysteine rich intestinal protein 2 (mCrip2) in a sample that showed enriched Cu signal, which was isolated from differentiating primary myoblasts derived from mouse satellite cells. Immunolocalization analyses showed that mCrip2 is abundant in both nuclear and cytosolic fractions. Thus, we hypothesized that mCrip2 might have differential roles depending on its cellular localization in the skeletal muscle lineage. mCrip2 is a LIM-family protein with 4 conserved Zn2+-binding sites. Homology and phylogenetic analyses showed that mammalian Crip2 possesses histidine residues near two of the Zn2+-binding sites (CX2C-HX2C) which are potentially implicated in Cu+-binding and competition with Zn2+. Biochemical characterization of recombinant human hsCRIP2 revealed a high Cu+-binding affinity for two and four Cu+ ions and limited redox potential. Functional characterization using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of mCrip2 in primary myoblasts did not impact proliferation, but impaired myogenesis by decreasing the expression of differentiation markers, possibly attributed to Cu accumulation. Transcriptome analyses of proliferating and differentiating mCrip2 KO myoblasts showed alterations in mRNA processing, protein translation, ribosome synthesis, and chromatin organization. CUT&RUN analyses showed that mCrip2 associates with a select set of gene promoters, including MyoD1 and metallothioneins, acting as a novel Cu-responsive or Cu-regulating protein. Our work demonstrates novel regulatory functions of mCrip2 that mediate skeletal muscle differentiation, presenting new features of the Cu-network in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Verdejo-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | - David C. Klein
- Department of Biological Sciences. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 15207. USA
| | - Lorena Novoa-Aponte
- Present address: Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. USA
| | | | - Denzel Bonilla-Pinto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | - Antonio Rivera
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, CT, 06459. USA
| | | | | | - Lyra Flinn
- Chemistry Department. Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs New York, 12866. USA
| | - Aidan T. Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
| | - Antonio Lanzirotti
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Lemont, IL 60439. USA
| | | | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720. USA
| | - Juan G. Navea
- Chemistry Department. Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs New York, 12866. USA
| | - Crysten Blaby-Haas
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA & DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. USA
| | - Sarah J. Hainer
- Department of Biological Sciences. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 15207. USA
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lim JH, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Therapeutic applications of biological macromolecules and scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131411. [PMID: 38588841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) mass and strength maintenance are important requirements for human well-being. SM regeneration to repair minor injuries depends upon the myogenic activities of muscle satellite (stem) cells. However, losses of regenerative properties following volumetric muscle loss or severe trauma or due to congenital muscular abnormalities are not self-restorable, and thus, these conditions have major healthcare implications and pose clinical challenges. In this context, tissue engineering based on different types of biomaterials and scaffolds provides an encouraging means of structural and functional SM reconstruction. In particular, biomimetic (able to transmit biological signals) and several porous scaffolds are rapidly evolving. Several biological macromolecules/biomaterials (collagen, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and fibrin etc.) are being widely used for SM regeneration. However, available alternatives for SM regeneration must be redesigned to make them more user-friendly and economically feasible with longer shelf lives. This review aimed to explore the biological aspects of SM regeneration and the roles played by several biological macromolecules and scaffolds in SM regeneration in cases of volumetric muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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5
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Hung M, Lo HF, Beckmann AG, Demircioglu D, Damle G, Hasson D, Radice GL, Krauss RS. Cadherin-dependent adhesion is required for muscle stem cell niche anchorage and maintenance. Development 2024; 151:dev202387. [PMID: 38456551 PMCID: PMC11057819 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion between stem cells and their niche provides stable anchorage and signaling cues to sustain properties such as quiescence. Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) adhere to an adjacent myofiber via cadherin-catenin complexes. Previous studies on N- and M-cadherin in MuSCs revealed that although N-cadherin is required for quiescence, they are collectively dispensable for MuSC niche localization and regenerative activity. Although additional cadherins are expressed at low levels, these findings raise the possibility that cadherins are unnecessary for MuSC anchorage to the niche. To address this question, we conditionally removed from MuSCs β- and γ-catenin, and, separately, αE- and αT-catenin, factors that are essential for cadherin-dependent adhesion. Catenin-deficient MuSCs break quiescence similarly to N-/M-cadherin-deficient MuSCs, but exit the niche and are depleted. Combined in vivo, ex vivo and single cell RNA-sequencing approaches reveal that MuSC attrition occurs via precocious differentiation, re-entry to the niche and fusion to myofibers. These findings indicate that cadherin-catenin-dependent adhesion is required for anchorage of MuSCs to their niche and for preservation of the stem cell compartment. Furthermore, separable cadherin-regulated functions govern niche localization, quiescence and MuSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Hung
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hsiao-Fan Lo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aviva G. Beckmann
- Pathos AI, 600 West Chicago Avenue, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60654, USA
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gargi Damle
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Glenn L. Radice
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Robert S. Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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6
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Helzer D, Kannan P, Reynolds JC, Gibbs DE, Crosbie RH. Role of microenvironment on muscle stem cell function in health, adaptation, and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:179-201. [PMID: 38670705 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The role of the cellular microenvironment has recently gained attention in the context of muscle health, adaption, and disease. Emerging evidence supports major roles for the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regeneration and the dynamic regulation of the satellite cell niche. Satellite cells normally reside in a quiescent state in healthy muscle, but upon muscle injury, they activate, proliferate, and fuse to the damaged fibers to restore muscle function and architecture. This chapter reviews the composition and mechanical properties of skeletal muscle ECM and the role of these factors in contributing to the satellite cell niche that impact muscle regeneration. In addition, the chapter details the effects of satellite cell-matrix interactions and provides evidence that there is bidirectional regulation affecting both the cellular and extracellular microenvironment within skeletal muscle. Lastly, emerging methods to investigate satellite cell-matrix interactions will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Helzer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pranav Kannan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C Reynolds
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Devin E Gibbs
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachelle H Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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7
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Wei X, Rigopoulos A, Lienhard M, Pöhle-Kronawitter S, Kotsaris G, Franke J, Berndt N, Mejedo JO, Wu H, Börno S, Timmermann B, Murgai A, Glauben R, Stricker S. Neurofibromin 1 controls metabolic balance and Notch-dependent quiescence of murine juvenile myogenic progenitors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1393. [PMID: 38360927 PMCID: PMC10869796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) frequently show muscle weakness with unknown etiology. Here we show that, in mice, Neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) is not required in muscle fibers, but specifically in early postnatal myogenic progenitors (MPs), where Nf1 loss led to cell cycle exit and differentiation blockade, depleting the MP pool resulting in reduced myonuclear accretion as well as reduced muscle stem cell numbers. This was caused by precocious induction of stem cell quiescence coupled to metabolic reprogramming of MPs impinging on glycolytic shutdown, which was conserved in muscle fibers. We show that a Mek/Erk/NOS pathway hypersensitizes Nf1-deficient MPs to Notch signaling, consequently, early postnatal Notch pathway inhibition ameliorated premature quiescence, metabolic reprogramming and muscle growth. This reveals an unexpected role of Ras/Mek/Erk signaling supporting postnatal MP quiescence in concert with Notch signaling, which is controlled by Nf1 safeguarding coordinated muscle growth and muscle stem cell pool establishment. Furthermore, our data suggest transmission of metabolic reprogramming across cellular differentiation, affecting fiber metabolism and function in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wei
- Musculoskeletal Development and Regeneration Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelos Rigopoulos
- Musculoskeletal Development and Regeneration Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Biology and Computation IMPRS-BAC, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Lienhard
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Pöhle-Kronawitter
- Musculoskeletal Development and Regeneration Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Kotsaris
- Musculoskeletal Development and Regeneration Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Franke
- Musculoskeletal Development and Regeneration Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joy Orezimena Mejedo
- Musculoskeletal Development and Regeneration Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Börno
- Sequencing Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Sequencing Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arunima Murgai
- Musculoskeletal Development and Regeneration Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Musculoskeletal Development and Regeneration Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Biology and Computation IMPRS-BAC, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Yang J, Dong X, Wen H, Li Y, Wang X, Yan S, Zuo C, Lyu L, Zhang K, Qi X. FGFs function in regulating myoblasts differentiation in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 347:114426. [PMID: 38103843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of structurally related peptides that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and damage repair. In our previous study, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (fgfr4) was detected in the most significant quantitative trait loci (QTL), when identified of QTLs and genetic markers for growth-related traits in spotted sea bass. However, knowledge of the function of fgfr4 is lacking, even the legends to activate the receptor is unknown in fish. To remedy this problem, in the present study, a total of 33 fgfs were identified from the genomic and transcriptomic databases of spotted sea bass, of which 10 were expressed in the myoblasts. According to the expression pattern during myoblasts proliferation and differentiation, fgf6a, fgf6b and fgf18 were selected for further prokaryotic expression and purification. The recombinant proteins FGF6a, FGF6b and FGF18 were found to inhibit myoblast differentiation. Overall, our results provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanisms of growth regulation in economic fish such as spotted sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Ximeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Shaojing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003.
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9
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Wang G, Ren J, Zeng X, Chen X, Liang A, Wang X, Xu J. Serine and Arginine-Rich Splicing Factor 3 Promotes the Activation of Quiescent Mouse Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:79-88. [PMID: 38115601 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The quiescence and activation of adult stem cells are regulated by many kinds of molecular mechanisms, and RNA alternative splicing participates in regulating many cellular processes. However, the relationship between stem cell quiescence and activation regulation and gene alternative splicing has yet to be studied. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulation of stem cell quiescence and activation by RNA alternative splicing. The upregulated genes in activated mouse neural stem cells (NSCs), muscle stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells were collected for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. The genes from three tissue stem cells underwent Venn analysis. The mouse NSCs were used for quiescence and reactivation induction. The immunostaining of cell-specific markers was performed to identify cell properties. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the gene expression and protein expression, respectively. We found that the upregulated genes in activated stem cells from three tissues were all enriched in RNA splicing-related biological processes; the upregulated RNA splicing-related genes in activated stem cells displayed tissue differences; mouse NSCs were successfully induced into quiescence and reactivation in vitro without losing differentiation potential; serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (Srsf3) was highly expressed in the activated mouse NSCs, and the overexpression of SRSF3 protein promoted the activation of quiescent mouse NSCs and increased the neural cell production. Our data indicate that the alternative splicing change may underline the transition of quiescence and activation of stem cells. The manipulation of the splicing factor may benefit tissue repair by promoting the activation of quiescent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhao Zeng
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Elgaabari A, Imatomi N, Kido H, Nakashima T, Okuda S, Manabe Y, Sawano S, Mizunoya W, Kaneko R, Tanaka S, Maeno T, Matsuyoshi Y, Seki M, Kuwakado S, Zushi K, Daneshvar N, Nakamura M, Suzuki T, Sunagawa K, Anderson JE, Allen RE, Tatsumi R. Age-related nitration/dysfunction of myogenic stem cell activator HGF. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14041. [PMID: 37985931 PMCID: PMC10861216 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical perturbation triggers activation of resident myogenic stem cells to enter the cell cycle through a cascade of events including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) release from its extracellular tethering and the subsequent presentation to signaling-receptor c-met. Here, we show that with aging, extracellular HGF undergoes tyrosine-residue (Y) nitration and loses c-met binding, thereby disturbing muscle homeostasis. Biochemical studies demonstrated that nitration/dysfunction is specific to HGF among other major growth factors and is characterized by its locations at Y198 and Y250 in c-met-binding domains. Direct-immunofluorescence microscopy of lower hind limb muscles from three age groups of rat, provided direct in vivo evidence for age-related increases in nitration of ECM-bound HGF, preferentially stained for anti-nitrated Y198 and Y250-HGF mAbs (raised in-house) in fast IIa and IIx myofibers. Overall, findings highlight inhibitory impacts of HGF nitration on myogenic stem cell dynamics, pioneering a cogent discussion for better understanding age-related muscle atrophy and impaired regeneration with fibrosis (including sarcopenia and frailty).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elgaabari
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
| | - Nana Imatomi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hirochika Kido
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takashi Nakashima
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shoko Okuda
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Manabe
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shoko Sawano
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental ScienceAzabu UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Ryuki Kaneko
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Sakiho Tanaka
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takahiro Maeno
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuji Matsuyoshi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Miyumi Seki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - So Kuwakado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kahona Zushi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Nasibeh Daneshvar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Judy E. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ronald E. Allen
- The School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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11
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Abdel-Halim NHM, Farrag EAE, Hammad MO, Habotta OA, Hassan HM. Probiotics Attenuate Myopathic Changes in Aging Rats via Activation of the Myogenic Stellate Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10202-2. [PMID: 38112993 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging represents a complex biological process associated with decline in skeletal muscle functions. Aging impairs satellite cells that serve as muscle progenitor cells. Probiotic supplementation may have many beneficial effects via various mechanisms. We examined the possible effects of probiotics in stimulating the proliferation of myogenic stellate cells in aging rats. Twenty-four male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were classified equally into four groups: adult control, old control, adult + probiotics, and old + probiotics. Probiotics (Lactobacillus LB) were administered gavage at a dose of 1 ml (1 × 109 CFU/ml/day) for 4 weeks. A significant increase in the relative gastrocnemius weight ratio and improvement of contractile parameters was detected in the old + probiotics group (0.6 ± 0.01) compared to the old control group (0.47 ± 0.01; P < 0.001). Probiotics significantly upregulated the activities of GSH, while NO and MDA were markedly decreased compared to control groups (P ≤ 0.001). Also, probiotics increased the mRNA and protein expressions of myogenin and CD34 (P < 0.05) as determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the old + probiotics group showed apparent restoration of the connective tissue spaces, reflecting the all-beneficial effects of probiotics. Our findings indicated that probiotics attenuated myopathic changes in aging rats probably through activation of the myogenic stellate cells. Probiotics improved the muscle weight, function, antioxidant activity, and myogenic transcription factors of the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal H M Abdel-Halim
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35511, Egypt
| | - Eman A E Farrag
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35511, Egypt.
| | - Maha O Hammad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35511, Egypt
| | - Ola Ali Habotta
- Forensic and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35511, Egypt
| | - Hend M Hassan
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35511, Egypt
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12
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Koopmans PJ, Ismaeel A, Goljanek-Whysall K, Murach KA. The roles of miRNAs in adult skeletal muscle satellite cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:228-238. [PMID: 37879420 PMCID: PMC10911817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Satellite cells are bona fide muscle stem cells that are indispensable for successful post-natal muscle growth and regeneration after severe injury. These cells also participate in adult muscle adaptation in several capacities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of mRNA that are implicated in several aspects of stem cell function. There is evidence to suggest that miRNAs affect satellite cell behavior in vivo during development and myogenic progenitor behavior in vitro, but the role of miRNAs in adult skeletal muscle satellite cells is less studied. In this review, we provide evidence for how miRNAs control satellite cell function with emphasis on satellite cells of adult skeletal muscle in vivo. We first outline how miRNAs are indispensable for satellite cell viability and control the phases of myogenesis. Next, we discuss the interplay between miRNAs and myogenic cell redox status, senescence, and communication to other muscle-resident cells during muscle adaptation. Results from recent satellite cell miRNA profiling studies are also summarized. In vitro experiments in primary myogenic cells and cell lines have been invaluable for exploring the influence of miRNAs, but we identify a need for novel genetic tools to further interrogate how miRNAs control satellite cell behavior in adult skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Jan Koopmans
- Exercise Science Research Center, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Exercise Science Research Center, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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13
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Endo T. Postnatal skeletal muscle myogenesis governed by signal transduction networks: MAPKs and PI3K-Akt control multiple steps. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:223-243. [PMID: 37826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myogenesis represents one of the most intensively and extensively examined systems of cell differentiation, tissue formation, and regeneration. Muscle regeneration provides an in vivo model system of postnatal myogenesis. It comprises multiple steps including muscle stem cell (or satellite cell) quiescence, activation, migration, myogenic determination, myoblast proliferation, myocyte differentiation, myofiber maturation, and hypertrophy. A variety of extracellular signaling and subsequent intracellular signal transduction pathways or networks govern the individual steps of postnatal myogenesis. Among them, MAPK pathways (the ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK5 pathways) and PI3K-Akt signaling regulate multiple steps of myogenesis. Ca2+, cytokine, and Wnt signaling also participate in several myogenesis steps. These signaling pathways often control cell cycle regulatory proteins or the muscle-specific MyoD family and the MEF2 family of transcription factors. This article comprehensively reviews molecular mechanisms of the individual steps of postnatal skeletal muscle myogenesis by focusing on signal transduction pathways or networks. Nevertheless, no or only a partial signaling molecules or pathways have been identified in some responses during myogenesis. The elucidation of these unidentified signaling molecules and pathways leads to an extensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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14
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Qiu X, Wang HY, Yang ZY, Sun LM, Liu SN, Fan CQ, Zhu F. Uncovering the prominent role of satellite cells in paravertebral muscle development and aging by single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2597-2613. [PMID: 37554180 PMCID: PMC10404979 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To uncover the role of satellite cells (SCs) in paravertebral muscle development and aging, we constructed a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of mouse paravertebral muscle across seven timepoints spanning the embryo (day 16.5) to old (month 24) stages. Eight cell types, including SCs, fast muscle cells, and slow muscle cells, were identified. An energy metabolism-related gene set, TCA CYCLE IN SENESCENCE, was enriched in SCs. Forty-two skeletal muscle disease-related genes were highly expressed in SCs and exhibited similar expression patterns. Among them, Pdha1 was the core gene in the TCA CYCLE IN SENESCENCE; Pgam2, Sod1, and Suclg1 are transcription factors closely associated with skeletal muscle energy metabolism. Transcription factor enrichment analysis of the 42 genes revealed that Myod1 and Mef2a were also highly expressed in SCs, which regulated Pdha1 expression and were associated with skeletal muscle development. These findings hint that energy metabolism may be pivotal in SCs development and aging. Three ligand-receptor pairs of extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions, Lamc1-Dag1, Lama2-Dag1, and Hspg2-Dag1, may play a vital role in SCs interactions with slow/fast muscle cells and SCs self-renewal. Finally, we built the first database of a skeletal muscle single-cell transcriptome, the Musculoskeletal Cell Atlas (http://www.mskca.tech), which lists 630,040 skeletal muscle cells and provides interactive visualization, a useful resource for revealing skeletal muscle cellular heterogeneity during development and aging. Our study could provide new targets and ideas for developing drugs to inhibit skeletal muscle aging and treat skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Li-Ming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Shu-Nan Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Chui-Qin Fan
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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15
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Hyeon J, Lee J, Kim E, Lee HM, Kim KP, Shin J, Park HS, Lee YI, Nam CH. Vutiglabridin exerts anti-ageing effects in aged mice through alleviating age-related metabolic dysfunctions. Exp Gerontol 2023; 181:112269. [PMID: 37567452 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing alters the ECM, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which triggers an inflammatory response that exacerbates with age. Age-related changes impact satellite cells, affecting muscle regeneration, and the balance of proteins. Furthermore, ageing causes a decline in NAD+ levels, and alterations in fat metabolism that impact our health. These various metabolic issues become intricately intertwined with ageing, leading to a variety of individual-level diseases and profoundly affecting individuals' healthspan. Therefore, we hypothesize that vutiglabridin capable of alleviating these metabolic abnormalities will be able to ameliorate many of the problems associated with ageing. METHOD The efficacy of vutiglabridin, which alleviates metabolic issues by enhancing mitochondrial function, was assessed in aged mice treated with vutiglabridin and compared to untreated elderly mice. On young mice, vutiglabridin-treated aged mice, and non-treated aged mice, the Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining and q-PCR for ageing marker genes were carried out. Bulk RNA-seq was carried out on GA muscle, eWAT, and liver from each group of mice to compare differences in gene expression in various gene pathways. Blood from each group of mice was used to compare and analyze the ageing lipid profile. RESULTS SA-β-gal staining of eWAT, liver, kidney, and spleen of ageing mice showed that vutiglabridin had anti-ageing effects compared to the control group, and q-PCR of ageing marker genes including Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a in each tissue showed that vutiglabridin reduced the ageing process. In aged mice treated with vutiglabridin, GA muscle showed improved homeostasis compared to controls, eWAT showed restored insulin sensitivity and prevented FALC-induced inflammation, and liver showed reduced inflammation levels due to prevented TLO formation, improved mitochondrial complex I assembly, resulting in reduced ROS formation. Furthermore, blood lipid analysis revealed that ageing-related lipid profile was relieved in ageing mice treated with vutiglabridin versus the control group. CONCLUSION Vutiglabridin slows metabolic ageing mechanisms such as decreased insulin sensitivity, increased inflammation, and altered NAD+ metabolism in adipose tissue in mice experiments, while also retaining muscle homeostasis, which is deteriorated with age. It also improves the lipid profile in the blood and restores mitochondrial function in the liver to reduce ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooseung Hyeon
- Aging and Immunity Laboratory, Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihan Lee
- Aging and Immunity Laboratory, Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Glaceum Incorporation, Research Department, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejin Shin
- Glaceum Incorporation, Research Department, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Park
- Glaceum Incorporation, Research Department, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Nam
- Aging and Immunity Laboratory, Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Okafor AE, Lin X, Situ C, Wei X, Xiang Y, Wei X, Wu Z, Diao Y. Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling reveals a self-renewing muscle satellite cell state. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202211073. [PMID: 37382627 PMCID: PMC10309185 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A balance between self-renewal and differentiation is critical for the regenerative capacity of tissue-resident stem cells. In skeletal muscle, successful regeneration requires the orchestrated activation, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that are normally quiescent. A subset of MuSCs undergoes self-renewal to replenish the stem cell pool, but the features that identify and define self-renewing MuSCs remain to be elucidated. Here, through single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis, we reveal the self-renewal versus differentiation trajectories of MuSCs over the course of regeneration in vivo. We identify Betaglycan as a unique marker of self-renewing MuSCs that can be purified and efficiently contributes to regeneration after transplantation. We also show that SMAD4 and downstream genes are genetically required for self-renewal in vivo by restricting differentiation. Our study unveils the identity and mechanisms of self-renewing MuSCs, while providing a key resource for comprehensive analysis of muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinze E. Okafor
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chenghao Situ
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiuqing Wei
- Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Amato I, Meurant S, Renard P. The Key Role of Mitochondria in Somatic Stem Cell Differentiation: From Mitochondrial Asymmetric Apportioning to Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12181. [PMID: 37569553 PMCID: PMC10418455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation is under intensive research and includes the contribution of a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. While mitochondrial biogenesis has been previously demonstrated in number of differentiation models, it is only recently that the role of mitochondrial dynamics has started to be explored. The discovery of asymmetric distribution of mitochondria in stem cell progeny has strengthened the interest in the field. This review attempts to summarize the regulation of mitochondrial asymmetric apportioning by the mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitophagy processes as well as emphasize how asymmetric mitochondrial apportioning in stem cells affects their metabolism, and thus epigenetics, and determines cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario Amato
- Ressearch Unit in Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (I.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sébastien Meurant
- Ressearch Unit in Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (I.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Patricia Renard
- Ressearch Unit in Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (I.A.); (S.M.)
- Mass Spectrometry Platform (MaSUN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium
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18
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Feng X, Wang AH, Juan AH, Ko KD, Jiang K, Riparini G, Ciuffoli V, Kaba A, Lopez C, Naz F, Jarnik M, Aliberti E, Hu S, Segalés J, Khateb M, Acevedo-Luna N, Randazzo D, Cheung TH, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Dell'Orso S, Sartorelli V. Polycomb Ezh1 maintains murine muscle stem cell quiescence through non-canonical regulation of Notch signaling. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1052-1070.e10. [PMID: 37105173 PMCID: PMC10330238 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Organismal homeostasis and regeneration are predicated on committed stem cells that can reside for long periods in a mitotically dormant but reversible cell-cycle arrest state defined as quiescence. Premature escape from quiescence is detrimental, as it results in stem cell depletion, with consequent defective tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Here, we report that Polycomb Ezh1 confers quiescence to murine muscle stem cells (MuSCs) through a non-canonical function. In the absence of Ezh1, MuSCs spontaneously exit quiescence. Following repeated injuries, the MuSC pool is progressively depleted, resulting in failure to sustain proper muscle regeneration. Rather than regulating repressive histone H3K27 methylation, Ezh1 maintains gene expression of the Notch signaling pathway in MuSCs. Selective genetic reconstitution of the Notch signaling corrects stem cell number and re-establishes quiescence of Ezh1-/- MuSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Feng
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Hongjun Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aster H Juan
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kyung Dae Ko
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kan Jiang
- Biodata Mining & Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Riparini
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Ciuffoli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aissah Kaba
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Lopez
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Faiza Naz
- Genomic Technology Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Aliberti
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shenyuan Hu
- Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Segalés
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mamduh Khateb
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Acevedo-Luna
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Sénéchal C, Fujita R, Jamet S, Maiga A, Dort J, Orfi Z, Dumont NA, Bouvier M, Crist C. The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor Gpr116 is essential to maintain the skeletal muscle stem cell pool. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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20
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Bronisz-Budzyńska I, Kozakowska M, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Madej M, Józkowicz A, Łoboda A, Dulak J. NRF2 Regulates Viability, Proliferation, Resistance to Oxidative Stress, and Differentiation of Murine Myoblasts and Muscle Satellite Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203321. [PMID: 36291188 PMCID: PMC9600498 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress can slow down the regeneration of skeletal muscle and affect the activity of muscle satellite cells (mSCs). Therefore, we evaluated the role of the NRF2 transcription factor (encoded by the Nfe2l2 gene), the main regulator of the antioxidant response, in muscle cell biology. We used (i) an immortalized murine myoblast cell line (C2C12) with stable overexpression of NRF2 and (ii) primary mSCs isolated from wild-type and Nfe2l2 (transcriptionally)-deficient mice (Nfe2l2tKO). NRF2 promoted myoblast proliferation and viability under oxidative stress conditions and decreased the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, NRF2 overexpression inhibited C2C12 cell differentiation by down-regulating the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and muscle-specific microRNAs. We also showed that NRF2 is indispensable for the viability of mSCs since the lack of its transcriptional activity caused high mortality of cells cultured in vitro under normoxic conditions. Concomitantly, Nfe2l2tKO mSCs grown and differentiated under hypoxic conditions were viable and much more differentiated compared to cells isolated from wild-type mice. Taken together, NRF2 significantly influences the properties of myoblasts and muscle satellite cells. This effect might be modulated by the muscle microenvironment.
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21
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Dogan SA, Giacchin G, Zito E, Viscomi C. Redox Signaling and Stress in Inherited Myopathies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:301-323. [PMID: 35081731 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive compounds that behave like a double-edged sword; they damage cellular structures and act as second messengers in signal transduction. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are interconnected organelles with a central role in ROS production, detoxification, and oxidative stress response. Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in mammals and one of the most metabolically active ones and thus relies mainly on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to synthesize adenosine triphosphate. The impairment of OxPhos leads to myopathy and increased ROS production, thus affecting both redox poise and signaling. In addition, ROS enter the ER and trigger ER stress and its maladaptive response, which also lead to a myopathic phenotype with mitochondrial involvement. Here, we review the role of ROS signaling in myopathies due to either mitochondrial or ER dysfunction. Recent Advances: Relevant advances have been evolving over the last 10 years on the intricate ROS-dependent pathways that act as modifiers of the disease course in several myopathies. To this end, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and ER stress have been studied extensively in myopathies. Critical Issues: The analysis of the chemistry and the exact quantitation, as well as the localization of ROS, are still challenging due to the intrinsic labile nature of ROS and the technical limitations of their sensors. Future Directions: The mechanistic studies of the pathogenesis of mitochondrial and ER-related myopathies offer a unique possibility to discover novel ROS-dependent pathways. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 301-323.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Anil Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Giacomo Giacchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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22
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So KKH, Huang Y, Zhang S, Qiao Y, He L, Li Y, Chen X, Sham MH, Sun H, Wang H. seRNA
PAM
controls skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and aging through
trans
regulation of
Timp2
expression synergistically with Ddx5. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13673. [PMID: 35851988 PMCID: PMC9381903 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kam Hei So
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yile Huang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Suyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yulong Qiao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Liangqiang He
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mai Har Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong SAR China
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23
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Fukada SI, Higashimoto T, Kaneshige A. Differences in muscle satellite cell dynamics during muscle hypertrophy and regeneration. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:17. [PMID: 35794679 PMCID: PMC9258228 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle homeostasis and function are ensured by orchestrated cellular interactions among several types of cells. A noticeable aspect of skeletal muscle biology is the drastic cell–cell communication changes that occur in multiple scenarios. The process of recovering from an injury, which is known as regeneration, has been relatively well investigated. However, the cellular interplay that occurs in response to mechanical loading, such as during resistance training, is poorly understood compared to regeneration. During muscle regeneration, muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) rebuild multinuclear myofibers through a stepwise process of proliferation, differentiation, fusion, and maturation, whereas during mechanical loading-dependent muscle hypertrophy, MuSCs do not undergo such stepwise processes (except in rare injuries) because the nuclei of MuSCs become directly incorporated into the mature myonuclei. In this review, six specific examples of such differences in MuSC dynamics between regeneration and hypertrophy processes are discussed.
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24
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Gala HP, Saha D, Venugopal N, Aloysius A, Purohit G, Dhawan J. A transcriptionally repressed quiescence program is associated with paused RNAPII and is poised for cell cycle reentry. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275901. [PMID: 35781573 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells persist in mammalian tissues by entering a state of reversible quiescence/ G0, associated with low transcription. Using cultured myoblasts and muscle stem cells, we report that in G0, global RNA content and synthesis are substantially repressed, correlating with decreased RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) expression and activation. Integrating RNAPII occupancy and transcriptome profiling, we identify repressed networks and a role for promoter-proximal RNAPII pausing in G0. Strikingly, RNAPII shows enhanced pausing in G0 on repressed genes encoding regulators of RNA biogenesis (Nucleolin, Rps24, Ctdp1); release of pausing is associated with their increased expression in G1. Knockdown of these transcripts in proliferating cells leads to induction of G0 markers, confirming the importance of their repression in establishment of G0. A targeted screen of RNAPII regulators revealed that knockdown of Aff4 (positive regulator of elongation) unexpectedly enhances expression of G0-stalled genes and hastens S phase; NELF, a regulator of pausing appears to be dispensable. We propose that RNAPII pausing contributes to transcriptional control of a subset of G0-repressed genes to maintain quiescence and impacts the timing of the G0-G1 transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik P Gala
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Debarya Saha
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nisha Venugopal
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Ajoy Aloysius
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India.,National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Gunjan Purohit
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
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25
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Myogenic Precursor Cells Show Faster Activation and Enhanced Differentiation in a Male Mouse Model Selected for Advanced Endurance Exercise Performance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061001. [PMID: 35326452 PMCID: PMC8947336 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SATC), the most abundant skeletal muscle stem cells, play a main role in muscle plasticity, including the adaptive response following physical activity. Thus, we investigated how long-term phenotype selection of male mice for high running performance (Dummerstorf high Treadmill Performance; DUhTP) affects abundance, creatine kinase activity, myogenic marker expression (Pax7, MyoD), and functionality (growth kinetics, differentiation) of SATC and their progeny. SATC were isolated from sedentary male DUhTP and control (Dummerstorf Control; DUC) mice at days 12, 43, and 73 of life and after voluntary wheel running for three weeks (day 73). Marked line differences occur at days 43 and 73 (after activity). At both ages, analysis of SATC growth via xCELLigence system revealed faster activation accompanied by a higher proliferation rate and lower proportion of Pax7+ cells in DUhTP mice, indicating reduced reserve cell formation and faster transition into differentiation. Cultures from sedentary DUhTP mice contain an elevated proportion of actively proliferating Pax7+/MyoD+ cells and have a higher fusion index leading to the formation of more large and very large myotubes at day 43. This robust hypertrophic response occurs without any functional load in the donor mice. Thus, our selection model seems to recruit myogenic precursor cells/SATC with a lower activation threshold that respond more rapidly to external stimuli and are more primed for differentiation at the expense of more primitive cells.
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26
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Chen MM, Li Y, Deng SL, Zhao Y, Lian ZX, Yu K. Mitochondrial Function and Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Skeletal Muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:826981. [PMID: 35265618 PMCID: PMC8898899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.826981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers contain a large number of mitochondria, which produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and provide energy for muscle contraction. In this process, mitochondria also produce several types of "reactive species" as side product, such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which have attracted interest. Mitochondria have been proven to have an essential role in the production of skeletal muscle reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). Traditionally, the elevation in RONS production is related to oxidative stress, leading to impaired skeletal muscle contractility and muscle atrophy. However, recent studies have shown that the optimal RONS level under the action of antioxidants is a critical physiological signal in skeletal muscle. Here, we will review the origin and physiological functions of RONS, mitochondrial structure and function, mitochondrial dynamics, and the coupling between RONS and mitochondrial oxidative stress. The crosstalk mechanism between mitochondrial function and RONS in skeletal muscle and its regulation of muscle stem cell fate and myogenesis will also be discussed. In all, this review aims to describe a comprehensive and systematic network for the interaction between skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and RONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Gugliuzza MV, Crist C. Muscle stem cell adaptations to cellular and environmental stress. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:5. [PMID: 35151369 PMCID: PMC8840228 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifelong regeneration of the skeletal muscle is dependent on a rare population of resident skeletal muscle stem cells, also named ‘satellite cells’ for their anatomical position on the outside of the myofibre and underneath the basal lamina. Muscle stem cells maintain prolonged quiescence, but activate the myogenic programme and the cell cycle in response to injury to expand a population of myogenic progenitors required to regenerate muscle. The skeletal muscle does not regenerate in the absence of muscle stem cells. Main body The notion that lifelong regeneration of the muscle is dependent on a rare, non-redundant population of stem cells seems contradictory to accumulating evidence that muscle stem cells have activated multiple stress response pathways. For example, muscle stem cell quiescence is mediated in part by the eIF2α arm of the integrated stress response and by negative regulators of mTORC1, two translational control pathways that downregulate protein synthesis in response to stress. Muscle stem cells also activate pathways to protect against DNA damage, heat shock, and environmental stress. Here, we review accumulating evidence that muscle stem cells encounter stress during their prolonged quiescence and their activation. While stress response pathways are classically described to be bimodal whereby a threshold dictates cell survival versus cell death responses to stress, we review evidence that muscle stem cells additionally respond to stress by spontaneous activation and fusion to myofibres. Conclusion We propose a cellular stress test model whereby the prolonged state of quiescence and the microenvironment serve as selective pressures to maintain muscle stem cell fitness, to safeguard the lifelong regeneration of the muscle. Fit muscle stem cells that maintain robust stress responses are permitted to maintain the muscle stem cell pool. Unfit muscle stem cells are depleted from the pool first by spontaneous activation, or in the case of severe stress, by activating cell death or senescence pathways.
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28
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Guo N, McDermott KD, Shih YT, Zanga H, Ghosh D, Herber C, Meara WR, Coleman J, Zagouras A, Wong LP, Sadreyev R, Gonçalves JT, Sahay A. Transcriptional regulation of neural stem cell expansion in the adult hippocampus. eLife 2022; 11:72195. [PMID: 34982030 PMCID: PMC8820733 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experience governs neurogenesis from radial-glial neural stem cells (RGLs) in the adult hippocampus to support memory. Transcription factors (TFs) in RGLs integrate physiological signals to dictate self-renewal division mode. Whereas asymmetric RGL divisions drive neurogenesis during favorable conditions, symmetric divisions prevent premature neurogenesis while amplifying RGLs to anticipate future neurogenic demands. The identities of TFs regulating RGL symmetric self-renewal, unlike those that regulate RGL asymmetric self-renewal, are not known. Here, we show in mice that the TF Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) is elevated in quiescent RGLs and inducible, deletion of Klf9 promotes RGL activation state. Clonal analysis and longitudinal intravital two-photon imaging directly demonstrate that Klf9 functions as a brake on RGL symmetric self-renewal. In vivo translational profiling of RGLs lacking Klf9 generated a molecular blueprint for RGL symmetric self-renewal that was characterized by upregulation of genetic programs underlying Notch and mitogen signaling, cell cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and lipogenesis. Together, these observations identify Klf9 as a transcriptional regulator of neural stem cell expansion in the adult hippocampus. In humans and other mammals, a region of the brain known as the hippocampus plays important roles in memory. New experiences guide cells in the hippocampus known as radial-glial neural stem cells (RGLs) to divide to make new neurons and other types of cells involved in forming memories. Each time an RGL divides, it can choose to divide asymmetrically to maintain a copy of itself and make a new cell of another type, or divide symmetrically (a process known as symmetric self-renewal) to produce two RGLs. Symmetric self-renewal helps to restore and replenish the pool of stem cells in the hippocampus that are lost due to injury or age, allowing us to continue making new neurons. Proteins known as transcription factors are believed to control how RGLs divide. Previous studies have identified several transcription factors that regulate the RGLs splitting asymmetrically to make neurons and other cells. But the identities of the transcription factors that regulate symmetric self-renewal in the adult hippocampus have remained elusive. Here, Guo et al. searched for transcription factors that regulate symmetric self-renewal of RGLs in mice. The experiments found that RGLs that are resting and not dividing (referred to as ‘quiescent’) have higher levels of a transcription factor called Klf9 than RGLs that are actively dividing. Loss of the gene encoding Klf9 triggered quiescent RGLs to start dividing, and further experiments showed that Klf9 directly inhibited symmetric self-renewal. Guo et al. then used an approach called in vivo translational profiling to generate a blueprint that revealed new insights into the molecular processes involved in this symmetric division. These findings pave the way for researchers to develop strategies that may expand the numbers of stem cells in the hippocampus. This could eventually be used to help replenish brain circuits with neurons and improve the memory of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease or other conditions that cause memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Guo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Kelsey D McDermott
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Yu-Tzu Shih
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Haley Zanga
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Debolina Ghosh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Charlotte Herber
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - William R Meara
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - James Coleman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alexia Zagouras
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Lai Ping Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - J Tiago Gonçalves
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,BROAD Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
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29
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Satellite Cells Exhibit Decreased Numbers and Impaired Functions on Single Myofibers Isolated from Vitamin B6-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124531. [PMID: 34960083 PMCID: PMC8705767 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research in human studies suggests an association among vitamin B6, sarcopenia, and muscle strength. However, very little is known regarding its potential role at the cellular level, especially in muscle satellite cells. Therefore, to determine whether vitamin B6 affects the satellite cells, we isolated single myofibers from muscles of vitamin B6-deficient and vitamin B6-supplemented mice. Subsequently, we subjected them to single myofiber culture and observed the number and function of the satellite cells, which remained in their niche on the myofibers. Prior to culture, the vitamin B6-deficient myofibers exhibited a significantly lower number of quiescent satellite cells, as compared to that in the vitamin B6-supplemented myofibers, thereby suggesting that vitamin B6 deficiency induces a decline in the quiescent satellite cell pool in mouse muscles. After 48 and 72 h of culture, the number of proliferating satellite cells per cluster was similar between the vitamin B6-deficient and -supplemented myofibers, but their numbers decreased significantly after culturing the myofibers in vitamin B6-free medium. After 72 h of culture, the number of self-renewing satellite cells per cluster was significantly lower in the vitamin B6-deficient myofibers, and the vitamin B6-free medium further decreased this number. In conclusion, vitamin B6 deficiency appears to reduce the number of quiescent satellite cells and suppress the proliferation and self-renewal of satellite cells during myogenesis.
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30
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Control of satellite cell function in muscle regeneration and its disruption in ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 23:204-226. [PMID: 34663964 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contains a designated population of adult stem cells, called satellite cells, which are generally quiescent. In homeostasis, satellite cells proliferate only sporadically and usually by asymmetric cell division to replace myofibres damaged by daily activity and maintain the stem cell pool. However, satellite cells can also be robustly activated upon tissue injury, after which they undergo symmetric divisions to generate new stem cells and numerous proliferating myoblasts that later differentiate to muscle cells (myocytes) to rebuild the muscle fibre, thereby supporting skeletal muscle regeneration. Recent discoveries show that satellite cells have a great degree of population heterogeneity, and that their cell fate choices during the regeneration process are dictated by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Extrinsic cues come largely from communication with the numerous distinct stromal cell types in their niche, creating a dynamically interactive microenvironment. This Review discusses the role and regulation of satellite cells in skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In particular, we highlight the cell-intrinsic control of quiescence versus activation, the importance of satellite cell-niche communication, and deregulation of these mechanisms associated with ageing. The increasing understanding of how satellite cells are regulated will help to advance muscle regeneration and rejuvenation therapies.
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31
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Lin W, Chen S, Wang Y, Wang M, Lee WYW, Jiang X, Li G. Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum crosstalk during stem cell homeostasis and aging. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:794. [PMID: 34400615 PMCID: PMC8368094 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy exerts profound therapeutic potential for curing a broad spectrum of diseases. Adult stem cells reside within a specified dynamic niche in vivo, which is essential for continuous tissue homeostatic maintenance through balancing self-renewal with lineage selection. Meanwhile, adult stem cells may be multipotent or unipotent, and are present in both quiescent and actively dividing states in vivo of the mammalians, which may switch to each other state in response to biophysical cues through mitochondria-mediated mechanisms, such as alterations in mitochondrial respiration and metabolism. In general, stem cells facilitate tissue repair after tissue-specific homing through various mechanisms, including immunomodulation of local microenvironment, differentiation into functional cells, cell "empowerment" via paracrine secretion, immunoregulation, and intercellular mitochondrial transfer. Interestingly, cell-source-specific features have been reported between different tissue-derived adult stem cells with distinct functional properties due to the different microenvironments in vivo, as well as differential functional properties in different tissue-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vehicles, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer capacity. Here, we summarized the current understanding on roles of mitochondrial dynamics during stem cell homeostasis and aging, and lineage-specific differentiation. Also, we proposed potential unique mitochondrial molecular signature features between different source-derived stem cells and potential associations between stem cell aging and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) communication, as well as potential novel strategies for anti-aging intervention and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shuxun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Sato T. Induction of Skeletal Muscle Progenitors and Stem Cells from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 7:395-405. [PMID: 32538862 PMCID: PMC7592659 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells and tissues including skeletal muscle. The approach to convert these stem cells into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with skeletal muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Several methods have been reported to induce myogenic differentiation with iPSCs derived from myogenic patients. An important point for generating skeletal muscle cells from iPSCs is to understand in vivo myogenic induction in development and regeneration. Current protocols of myogenic induction utilize techniques with overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as Myod1(MyoD), Pax3, Pax7, and others, using recombinant proteins or small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitors, and adult muscle stem cells. This review summarizes the current approaches used for myogenic induction and highlights recent improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Sato
- Department of Anatomy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhao Y, Albrecht E, Stange K, Li Z, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, Metges CC, Maak S. Glutamine supplementation stimulates cell proliferation in skeletal muscle and cultivated myogenic cells of low birth weight piglets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13432. [PMID: 34183762 PMCID: PMC8239033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth of low birth weight (LBW) piglets may be improved with adapted nutrition. This study elucidated effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the cellular muscle development of LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets. Male piglets (n = 144) were either supplemented with 1 g Gln/kg body weight or an isonitrogeneous amount of alanine (Ala) between postnatal day 1 and 12 (dpn). Twelve piglets per group were slaughtered at 5, 12 and 26 dpn, one hour after injection with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 12 mg/kg). Muscle samples were collected and myogenic cells were isolated and cultivated. Expression of muscle growth related genes was quantified with qPCR. Proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle sections were detected with immunohistochemistry indicating different cell types and decreasing proliferation with age. More proliferation was observed in muscle tissue of LBW-GLN than LBW-ALA piglets at 5 dpn, but there was no clear effect of supplementation on related gene expression. Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Zhao
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Katja Stange
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Zeyang Li
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Schregel
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Quentin L Sciascia
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Maak
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
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Contreras O, Córdova-Casanova A, Brandan E. PDGF-PDGFR network differentially regulates the fate, migration, proliferation, and cell cycle progression of myogenic cells. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110036. [PMID: 33971280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) regulate embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and wound healing through their binding to PDGF receptors, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ. However, the role of PDGF signaling in regulating muscle development and regeneration remains elusive, and the cellular and molecular responses of myogenic cells are understudied. Here, we explore the PDGF-PDGFR gene expression changes and their involvement in skeletal muscle myogenesis and myogenic fate. By surveying bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell profiling data of skeletal muscle stem cells, we show that myogenic progenitors and muscle stem cells differentially express PDGF ligands and PDGF receptors during myogenesis. Quiescent adult muscle stem cells and myoblasts preferentially express PDGFRβ over PDGFRα. Remarkably, cell culture- and injury-induced muscle stem cell activation altered PDGF family gene expression. In myoblasts, PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB treatments activate two pro-chemotactic and pro-mitogenic downstream transducers, RAS-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT. PDGFRs inhibitor AG1296 inhibited ERK1/2 and AKT activation, myoblast migration, proliferation, and cell cycle progression induced by PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB. We also found that AG1296 causes myoblast G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Remarkably, PDGF-AA did not promote a noticeable ERK1/2 or AKT activation, myoblast migration, or expansion. Also, myogenic differentiation reduced the expression of both PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, whereas forced PDGFRα expression impaired myogenesis. Thus, our data highlight PDGF signaling pathway to stimulate satellite cell proliferation aiming to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration and provide a deeper understanding of the role of PDGF signaling in non-fibroblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Adriana Córdova-Casanova
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile; Fundación Ciencia & Vida, 7780272 Santiago, Chile
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35
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Morton SU, Sefton CR, Zhang H, Dai M, Turner DL, Uhler MD, Agrawal PB. microRNA-mRNA Profile of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Relevance to Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052692. [PMID: 33799993 PMCID: PMC7962092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and translation during key developmental processes including muscle differentiation. Assessment of miRNA targets can provide insight into muscle biology and gene expression profiles altered by disease. mRNA and miRNA libraries were generated from C2C12 myoblasts during differentiation, and predicted miRNA targets were identified based on presence of miRNA binding sites and reciprocal expression. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed at all time intervals (comparing days 0, 2, and 5) of differentiation. mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for functions related to calcium signaling and sarcomere formation. To evaluate this relationship in a disease state, we evaluated the miRNAs differentially expressed in human congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) myoblasts and compared with normal control. Seventy-four miRNAs were differentially expressed during healthy human myocyte maturation, of which only 12 were also up- or downregulated in CMD patient cells. The 62 miRNAs that were only differentially expressed in healthy cells were compared with differentiating C2C12 cells. Eighteen of the 62 were conserved in mouse and up- or down-regulated during mouse myoblast differentiation, and their C2C12 targets were enriched for functions related to muscle differentiation and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
| | | | - Huanqing Zhang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - Manhong Dai
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - David L. Turner
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael D. Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
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Koganti P, Yao J, Cleveland BM. Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Muscle Plasticity in Fish. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010061. [PMID: 33396941 PMCID: PMC7824542 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth rates in fish are largely dependent on genetic and environmental factors, of which the latter can be highly variable throughout development. For this reason, muscle growth in fish is particularly dynamic as muscle structure and function can be altered by environmental conditions, a concept referred to as muscle plasticity. Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) like Myogenin, MyoD, and Pax7 control the myogenic mechanisms regulating quiescent muscle cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation, critical processes central for muscle plasticity. This review focuses on recent advancements in molecular mechanisms involving microRNAs (miRNAs) and DNA methylation that regulate the expression and activity of MRFs in fish. Findings provide overwhelming support that these mechanisms are significant regulators of muscle plasticity, particularly in response to environmental factors like temperature and nutritional challenges. Genetic variation in DNA methylation and miRNA expression also correlate with variation in body weight and growth, suggesting that genetic markers related to these mechanisms may be useful for genomic selection strategies. Collectively, this knowledge improves the understanding of mechanisms regulating muscle plasticity and can contribute to the development of husbandry and breeding strategies that improve growth performance and the ability of the fish to respond to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Koganti
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA; (P.K.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianbo Yao
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA; (P.K.); (J.Y.)
| | - Beth M. Cleveland
- USDA ARS National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-724-8340 (ext. 2133)
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37
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Lala-Tabbert N, AlSudais H, Marchildon F, Fu D, Wiper-Bergeron N. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta promotes muscle stem cell quiescence through regulation of quiescence-associated genes. Stem Cells 2020; 39:345-357. [PMID: 33326659 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle depends on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells that in healthy, uninjured muscle remain quiescent (noncycling). After activation and expansion of satellite cells postinjury, satellite cell numbers return to uninjured levels and return to mitotic quiescence. Here, we show that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is required to maintain quiescence of satellite cells in uninjured muscle. We show that C/EBPβ is expressed in quiescent satellite cells in vivo and upregulated in noncycling myoblasts in vitro. Loss of C/EBPβ in satellite cells promotes their premature exit from quiescence resulting in spontaneous activation and differentiation of the stem cell pool. Forced expression of C/EBPβ in myoblasts inhibits proliferation by upregulation of 28 quiescence-associated genes. Furthermore, we find that caveolin-1 is a direct transcriptional target of C/EBPβ and is required for cell cycle exit in muscle satellite cells expressing C/EBPβ. The induction of mitotic quiescence is considered necessary for the long-term maintenance of adult stem cell populations with dysregulation driving increased differentiation of progenitors and depletion of the stem cell pool. Our findings place C/EBPβ as an important transcriptional regulator of muscle satellite cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Lala-Tabbert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamood AlSudais
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Marchildon
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dechen Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Morgan PT, Smeuninx B, Breen L. Exploring the Impact of Obesity on Skeletal Muscle Function in Older Age. Front Nutr 2020; 7:569904. [PMID: 33335909 PMCID: PMC7736105 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is of important clinical relevance for loss of independence in older adults. The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (“sarcopenic-obesity”) is increasing at a rapid rate. However, whilst the development of sarcopenia is understood to be multi-factorial and harmful to health, the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on skeletal muscle in aging, is poorly understood. Specifically, the presence of obesity in older age may be accompanied by a greater volume of skeletal muscle mass in weight-bearing muscles compared with lean older individuals, despite impaired physical function and resistance to anabolic stimuli. Collectively, these findings support a potential paradox in which obesity may protect skeletal muscle mass in older age. One explanation for these paradoxical findings may be that the anabolic response to weight-bearing activity could be greater in obese vs. lean older individuals due to a larger mechanical stimulus, compensating for the heightened muscle anabolic resistance. However, it is likely that there is a complex interplay between muscle, adipose, and external influences in the aging process that are ultimately harmful to health in the long-term. This narrative briefly explores some of the potential mechanisms regulating changes in skeletal muscle mass and function in aging combined with obesity and the interplay with sarcopenia, with a particular focus on muscle morphology and the regulation of muscle proteostasis. In addition, whilst highly complex, we attempt to provide an updated summary for the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on muscle mass and function in older age. We conclude with a brief discussion on treatment of sarcopenia and obesity and a summary of future directions for this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morgan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Hillis DA, Yadgary L, Weinstock GM, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Pomp D, Fowler AS, Xu S, Chan F, Garland T. Genetic Basis of Aerobically Supported Voluntary Exercise: Results from a Selection Experiment with House Mice. Genetics 2020; 216:781-804. [PMID: 32978270 PMCID: PMC7648575 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological basis of exercise behavior is increasingly relevant for maintaining healthy lifestyles. Various quantitative genetic studies and selection experiments have conclusively demonstrated substantial heritability for exercise behavior in both humans and laboratory rodents. In the "High Runner" selection experiment, four replicate lines of Mus domesticus were bred for high voluntary wheel running (HR), along with four nonselected control (C) lines. After 61 generations, the genomes of 79 mice (9-10 from each line) were fully sequenced and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. We used nested ANOVA with MIVQUE estimation and other approaches to compare allele frequencies between the HR and C lines for both SNPs and haplotypes. Approximately 61 genomic regions, across all somatic chromosomes, showed evidence of differentiation; 12 of these regions were differentiated by all methods of analysis. Gene function was inferred largely using Panther gene ontology terms and KO phenotypes associated with genes of interest. Some of the differentiated genes are known to be associated with behavior/motivational systems and/or athletic ability, including Sorl1, Dach1, and Cdh10 Sorl1 is a sorting protein associated with cholinergic neuron morphology, vascular wound healing, and metabolism. Dach1 is associated with limb bud development and neural differentiation. Cdh10 is a calcium ion binding protein associated with phrenic neurons. Overall, these results indicate that selective breeding for high voluntary exercise has resulted in changes in allele frequencies for multiple genes associated with both motivation and ability for endurance exercise, providing candidate genes that may explain phenotypic changes observed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hillis
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Liran Yadgary
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032
| | | | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra S Fowler
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Shizhong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Frank Chan
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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40
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Kim CZ, Lee SJ. Increased myofiber size and reduced satellite cell numbers in medial rectus muscle of patients with intermittent exotropia. Strabismus 2020; 28:201-207. [PMID: 33085552 DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2020.1832546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the differences in muscle bundle and satellite cells in medial rectus muscle through histological and Immunofluorescence studies of intermittent exotropia patients and normal controls. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to December 2017, 15 patients who underwent medial rectus resection surgery at Kosin University Gospel Hospital were enrolled. Four medial recti muscles collected from two brain-dead men without strabismus were used as controls and compared with the intermittent exotropia group. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were performed, and all muscle bundle diameters were measured with the Image J program and compared to the mean value. Immunological staining for MyoHC (Myosin Heavy Chain), PAX7 (Transcription Factor), and PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) were performed to analyze the distribution of myocytes and PAX7-positive and PCNA-positive cells. Results: The mean ages of the strabismus and control groups were 17.33 ± 13.05 and 22.0 ± 5.85 years, respectively, and the male to female ratio was 7:2 and 2:0. The average angle of deviation in the exotropia patients was 36.0 ± 16.83 prism diopters. The mean muscle bundle diameter under light microscopy was 60.21 ± 1.48 in the exotropia group and 52.27 ± 0.74 in the control group. The exotropia group showed significantly greater mean muscle bundle diameter (p < .001) and diameter regularity than the control group. The PAX7(+)/muscle bundle number ratio was 0.016 ± 0.014 and 0.056 ± 0.015 in the exotropia group and control group, respectively (p < .001), and the PCNA(+)/muscular bundle number ratio was 0.015 ± 0.017 and 0.182 ± 0.102 (p < .001). Both were significantly higher in the control group compared to that in the exotropia patients. Conclusion: In the exotropia group, mean diameter of medial rectus muscle bundle was significantly larger than that of control group. The ratios of PAX7 and PCNA to muscle bundle number were significantly higher in the control group than intermittent extropia group. We found the negative relationship between activation of satellite cells and muscle bundle diameter, and it might take one step forward to elucidate the pathogenesis of intermittent extropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zoo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Gospel Hospital , Busan
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Gospel Hospital , Busan
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41
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Histopathological features and satellite cell population characteristics in human inferior oblique muscle biopsies: clinicopathological correlation. J AAPOS 2020; 24:285.e1-285.e6. [PMID: 32950611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between clinical characteristics and histopathological and immunohistochemical features of inferior oblique muscles in patients with primary and secondary inferior oblique overaction. METHODS Inferior oblique muscle specimens of patients who underwent inferior oblique-weakening procedures for primary or secondary inferior oblique overaction were recruited. Subjects were mainly divided into two groups, each of which was further divided into two subgroups: group 1 included patients with primary inferior oblique overaction (subgroups, infantile esotropia vs acquired V-pattern esotropia), and group 2 included patients with secondary inferior oblique overaction (subgroups, congenital vs acquired trochlear nerve palsy). Inferior oblique overaction was graded between 0-4. Histopathologic changes, such as angular fibers, endo- and perimysial fibrosis, and vacuolization were categorized from mild to severe. Immunohistochemical markers Pax7, NCAM, and MyoD1 were used to detect satellite cells, a unique stem cell population in muscles presumably responsible from myofiber regeneration and maintenance, and their activity. Results were reported as stained cells per cross-section ratio. RESULTS A total of 51 patients were included: 36 in group 1 and 15 in group 2. Satellite cell distribution and activity was significantly higher in group 1 (P < 0.001). The angular fiber count and the degree of perimysial fibrosis was higher in the secondary group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, resp.). There was no correlation between clinical amount of inferior oblique muscle overaction and immunohistochemical markers. CONCLUSIONS The differences in immunohistochemical parameters supported with histopathological changes between different strabismus etiologies imply that satellite cell population behavior varies among strabismus types.
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Evano B, Gill D, Hernando-Herraez I, Comai G, Stubbs TM, Commere PH, Reik W, Tajbakhsh S. Transcriptome and epigenome diversity and plasticity of muscle stem cells following transplantation. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009022. [PMID: 33125370 PMCID: PMC7657492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscles are maintained during homeostasis and regenerated upon injury by muscle stem cells (MuSCs). A heterogeneity in self-renewal, differentiation and regeneration properties has been reported for MuSCs based on their anatomical location. Although MuSCs derived from extraocular muscles (EOM) have a higher regenerative capacity than those derived from limb muscles, the molecular determinants that govern these differences remain undefined. Here we show that EOM and limb MuSCs have distinct DNA methylation signatures associated with enhancers of location-specific genes, and that the EOM transcriptome is reprogrammed following transplantation into a limb muscle environment. Notably, EOM MuSCs expressed host-site specific positional Hox codes after engraftment and self-renewal within the host muscle. However, about 10% of EOM-specific genes showed engraftment-resistant expression, pointing to cell-intrinsic molecular determinants of the higher engraftment potential of EOM MuSCs. Our results underscore the molecular diversity of distinct MuSC populations and molecularly define their plasticity in response to microenvironmental cues. These findings provide insights into strategies designed to improve the functional capacity of MuSCs in the context of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Diljeet Gill
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Glenda Comai
- Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas M. Stubbs
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Henri Commere
- Cytometry and Biomarkers, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells & Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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43
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Bhattacharya D, Scimè A. Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:480. [PMID: 32612995 PMCID: PMC7308489 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Bhattacharya
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Scimè
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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44
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Barruet E, Garcia SM, Striedinger K, Wu J, Lee S, Byrnes L, Wong A, Xuefeng S, Tamaki S, Brack AS, Pomerantz JH. Functionally heterogeneous human satellite cells identified by single cell RNA sequencing. eLife 2020; 9:51576. [PMID: 32234209 PMCID: PMC7164960 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although heterogeneity is recognized within the murine satellite cell pool, a comprehensive understanding of distinct subpopulations and their functional relevance in human satellite cells is lacking. We used a combination of single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry to identify, distinguish, and physically separate novel subpopulations of human PAX7+ satellite cells (Hu-MuSCs) from normal muscles. We found that, although relatively homogeneous compared to activated satellite cells and committed progenitors, the Hu-MuSC pool contains clusters of transcriptionally distinct cells with consistency across human individuals. New surface marker combinations were enriched in transcriptional subclusters, including a subpopulation of Hu-MuSCs marked by CXCR4/CD29/CD56/CAV1 (CAV1+). In vitro, CAV1+ Hu-MuSCs are morphologically distinct, and characterized by resistance to activation compared to CAV1- Hu-MuSCs. In vivo, CAV1+ Hu-MuSCs demonstrated increased engraftment after transplantation. Our findings provide a comprehensive transcriptional view of normal Hu-MuSCs and describe new heterogeneity, enabling separation of functionally distinct human satellite cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Barruet
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Steven M Garcia
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Katharine Striedinger
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jake Wu
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Solomon Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lauren Byrnes
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Alvin Wong
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sun Xuefeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Andrew S Brack
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jason H Pomerantz
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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45
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Carrero-Rojas G, Benítez-Temiño B, Pastor AM, Davis López de Carrizosa MA. Muscle Progenitors Derived from Extraocular Muscles Express Higher Levels of Neurotrophins and their Receptors than other Cranial and Limb Muscles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030747. [PMID: 32197508 PMCID: PMC7140653 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraocular muscles (EOMs) show resistance to muscle dystrophies and sarcopenia. It has been recently demonstrated that they are endowed with different types of myogenic cells, all of which present an outstanding regenerative potential. Neurotrophins are important modulators of myogenic regeneration and act promoting myoblast proliferation, enhancing myogenic fusion rates and protecting myotubes from inflammatory stimuli. Here, we adapted the pre-plate cell isolation technique to obtain myogenic progenitors from the rat EOMs, and quantified their in vitro expression of neurotrophins and their receptors by RT–qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The results were compared with the expression on progenitors isolated from buccinator, tongue and limb muscles. Our quantitative analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) transcripts showed, for the first time, that EOMs-derived cells express more of these factors and that they expressed TrkA, but not TrkB and TrkC receptors. On the contrary, the immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated high expression of p75NTR on all myogenic progenitors, with the EOMs-derived cells showing higher expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the intrinsic trophic differences between EOMs-derived myogenic progenitors and their counterparts from other muscles could explain why those cells show higher proliferative and fusion rates, as well as better regenerative properties.
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Treatment of Dystrophic mdx Mice with an ADAMTS-5 Specific Monoclonal Antibody Increases the Ex Vivo Strength of Isolated Fast Twitch Hindlimb Muscles. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030416. [PMID: 32156081 PMCID: PMC7175239 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling contributes to muscle degeneration and weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). ADAMTS-5, a secreted metalloproteinase with catalytic activity against versican, is implicated in myogenesis and inflammation. Here, using the mdx mouse model of DMD, we report increased ADAMTS-5 expression in dystrophic hindlimb muscles, localized to regions of regeneration and inflammation. To investigate the pathophysiological significance of this, 4-week-old mdx mice were treated with an ADAMTS-5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or IgG2c (IgG) isotype control for 3 weeks. ADAMTS-5 mAb treatment did not reduce versican processing, as protein levels of the cleaved versikine fragment did not differ between hindlimb muscles from ADAMTS-5 mAb or IgG treated mdx mice. Nonetheless, ADAMTS-5 blockade improved ex vivo strength of isolated fast extensor digitorum longus, but not slow soleus, muscles. The underpinning mechanism may include modulation of regenerative myogenesis, as ADAMTS-5 blockade reduced the number of recently repaired desmin positive myofibers without affecting the number of desmin positive muscle progenitor cells. Treatment with the ADAMTS-5 mAb did not significantly affect makers of muscle damage, inflammation, nor fiber size. Altogether, the positive effects of ADAMTS-5 blockade in dystrophic muscles are fiber-type-specific and independent of versican processing.
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47
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Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1462. [PMID: 31407867 PMCID: PMC6916202 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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48
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Purohit G, Dhawan J. Adult Muscle Stem Cells: Exploring the Links Between Systemic and Cellular Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:312. [PMID: 31921837 PMCID: PMC6915107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that metabolites are important regulators of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) function and fate. While highly proliferative in early life, MuSCs reside in adult skeletal muscle tissue in a quiescent and metabolically depressed state, but are critical for the homeostatic maintenance and regenerative response of the tissue to damage. It is well established that metabolic activity in MuSC changes with their functional activation, but the spatiotemporal links between physiological metabolism and stem cell metabolism require explicit delineation. The quiescent MuSC is defined by a specific metabolic state, which is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic factors during physiological and pathological tissue dynamics. However, the extent of tissue and organismal level changes driven by alteration in metabolic state of quiescent MuSC is currently not well defined. In addition to their role as biosynthetic precursors and signaling molecules, metabolites are key regulators of epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging evidence points to metabolic control of epigenetic mechanisms in MuSC and their impact on muscle regenerative capacity. In this review, we explore the links between cell-intrinsic, tissue level, and systemic metabolic state in the context of MuSC metabolic state, quiescence, and tissue homeostasis to highlight unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Purohit
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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49
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Onodera Y, Teramura T, Takehara T, Fukuda K. Transforming Growth Factor β-Activated Kinase 1 Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation Through Stabilization of Yap1/Taz Proteins. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1595-1605. [PMID: 31461199 PMCID: PMC6916189 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiation into a variety of cell types, proliferation, and production of clinically useful secretory factors. These advantages make BMMSCs highly useful for cell transplantation therapy. However, the molecular network underlying BMMSC proliferation remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (Tak1) is a critical molecule that regulates the activation of cell cycling and that Tak1 inhibition leads to quiescence in BMMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Tak1 was phosphorylated by growth factor stimulations, allowing it to bind and stabilize Yap1/Taz, which could then be localized to the nucleus. We also demonstrated that the quiescence induction by inhibiting Tak1 increased oxidized stress tolerance and improved BMMSC engraftment in intramuscular and intrabone marrow cell transplantation models. This study reveals a novel pathway controlling BMMSC proliferation and suggests a useful method to improve the therapeutic effect of BMMSC transplantation. Stem Cells 2019;37:1595-1605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Onodera
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Takehara
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kanji Fukuda
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
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50
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Kann AP, Krauss RS. Multiplexed RNAscope and immunofluorescence on whole-mount skeletal myofibers and their associated stem cells. Development 2019; 146:dev.179259. [PMID: 31519691 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myofibers are large syncytial cells comprising hundreds of myonuclei, and in situ hybridization experiments have reported a range of transcript localization patterns within them. Although some transcripts are uniformly distributed throughout myofibers, proximity to specialized regions can affect the programming of myonuclei and functional compartmentalization of transcripts. Established techniques are limited by a lack of both sensitivity and spatial resolution, restricting the ability to identify different patterns of gene expression. In this study, we adapted RNAscope fluorescent in situ hybridization technology for use on whole-mount mouse primary myofibers, a preparation that isolates single myofibers with their associated muscle stem cells remaining in their niche. This method can be combined with immunofluorescence, enabling an unparalleled ability to visualize and quantify transcripts and proteins across the length and depth of skeletal myofibers and their associated stem cells. Using this approach, we demonstrate a range of potential uses, including the visualization of specialized transcriptional programming within myofibers, tracking activation-induced transcriptional changes, quantification of stem cell heterogeneity and evaluation of stem cell niche factor transcription patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Kann
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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