1
|
Ghosh S, Isma J, Ostano P, Mazzeo L, Toniolo A, Das M, White JR, Simon C, Paolo Dotto G. Nuclear lamin A/C phosphorylation by loss of androgen receptor leads to cancer-associated fibroblast activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7984. [PMID: 39266569 PMCID: PMC11392952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in nuclear structure and function are hallmarks of cancer cells. Little is known about these changes in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), crucial components of the tumor microenvironment. Loss of the androgen receptor (AR) in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), which triggers early steps of CAF activation, leads to nuclear membrane changes and micronuclei formation, independent of cellular senescence. Similar changes occur in established CAFs and are reversed by restoring AR activity. AR associates with nuclear lamin A/C, and its loss causes lamin A/C nucleoplasmic redistribution. AR serves as a bridge between lamin A/C and the protein phosphatase PPP1. Loss of AR decreases lamin-PPP1 association and increases lamin A/C phosphorylation at Ser 301, a characteristic of CAFs. Phosphorylated lamin A/C at Ser 301 binds to the regulatory region of CAF effector genes of the myofibroblast subtype. Expression of a lamin A/C Ser301 phosphomimetic mutant alone can transform normal fibroblasts into tumor-promoting CAFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani Campus, Pilani, India.
| | - Jovan Isma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annagiada Toniolo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Monalisa Das
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Joni R White
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Christian Simon
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Strange M, Elishaev E, Zaidi S, Modugno F, Radolec M, Edwards RP, Finn OJ, Vlad AM. Characterization of latently infected EBV+ antibody-secreting B cells isolated from ovarian tumors and malignant ascites. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379175. [PMID: 39086481 PMCID: PMC11288875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intra-tumoral B cells mediate a plethora of immune effector mechanisms with key roles in anti-tumor immunity and serve as positive prognostic indicators in a variety of solid tumor types, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Several aspects of intra-tumoral B cells remain unclear, such as their state of activation, antigenic repertoires, and capacity to mature into plasma cells. Methods B lymphocytes were isolated from primary EOC tissue and malignant ascites and were maintained in cell culture medium. The stably maintained cell lines were profiled with flow cytometry and B cell receptor sequencing. Secreted antibodies were tested with a human proteome array comprising more than 21,000 proteins, followed by ELISA for validation. Originating tumor samples were used for spatial profiling with chip cytometry. Results Antibody-secreting B lymphocytes were isolated from the ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME) of four different EOC patients. The highly clonal cell populations underwent spontaneous immortalization in vitro, were stably maintained in an antibody-secreting state, and showed presence of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) proteins. All originating tumors had high frequency of tumor-infiltrating B cells, present as lymphoid aggregates, or tertiary lymphoid structures. The antigens recognized by three of the four cell lines are coil-coil domain containing protein 155 (CCDC155), growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase2 (PDP2), respectively. Anti-CCDC155 circulating IgG antibodies were detected in 9 of 20 (45%) of EOC patients' sera. Tissue analyses with multiparameter chip cytometry shows that the antibodies secreted by these novel human B cell lines engage their cognate antigens on tumor cells. Discussion These studies demonstrate that within the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte population in EOC resides a low frequency population of antibody-secreting B cells that have been naturally exposed to EBV. Once stably maintained, these novel cell lines offer unique opportunities for future studies on intratumor B cell biology and new target antigen recognition, and for studies on EBV latency and/or viral reactivation in the TME of non-EBV related solid tumors such as the EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mary Strange
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Esther Elishaev
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Syed Zaidi
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mackenzy Radolec
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Olivera J. Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anda M. Vlad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rizzotto A, Tollis S, Pham NT, Zheng Y, Abad MA, Wildenhain J, Jeyaprakash AA, Auer M, Tyers M, Schirmer EC. Reduction in Nuclear Size by DHRS7 in Prostate Cancer Cells and by Estradiol Propionate in DHRS7-Depleted Cells. Cells 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 38201261 PMCID: PMC10778050 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased nuclear size correlates with lower survival rates and higher grades for prostate cancer. The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family member DHRS7 was suggested as a biomarker for use in prostate cancer grading because it is largely lost in higher-grade tumors. Here, we found that reduction in DHRS7 from the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line with normally high levels of DHRS7 increases nuclear size, potentially explaining the nuclear size increase observed in higher-grade prostate tumors where it is lost. An exogenous expression of DHRS7 in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line with normally low DHRS7 levels correspondingly decreases nuclear size. We separately tested 80 compounds from the Microsource Spectrum library for their ability to restore normal smaller nuclear size to PC3 cells, finding that estradiol propionate had the same effect as the re-expression of DHRS7 in PC3 cells. However, the drug had no effect on LNCaP cells or PC3 cells re-expressing DHRS7. We speculate that separately reported beneficial effects of estrogens in androgen-independent prostate cancer may only occur with the loss of DHRS7/ increased nuclear size, and thus propose DHRS7 levels and nuclear size as potential biomarkers for the likely effectiveness of estrogen-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rizzotto
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Sylvain Tollis
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Nhan T. Pham
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Yijing Zheng
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Alba Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK;
| | - Jan Wildenhain
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - A. Arockia Jeyaprakash
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK;
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU-München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Auer
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
- Xenobe Research Institute, P.O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA 92163-1052, USA
| | - Mike Tyers
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric C. Schirmer
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gruber L, Jobst M, Kiss E, Karasová M, Englinger B, Berger W, Del Favero G. Intracellular remodeling associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress modifies biomechanical compliance of bladder cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:307. [PMID: 37904178 PMCID: PMC10614373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cells face a challenging biophysical environment: mechanical cues originating from urine flow and regular contraction to enable the filling voiding of the organ. To ensure functional adaption, bladder cells rely on high biomechanical compliance, nevertheless aging or chronic pathological conditions can modify this plasticity. Obviously the cytoskeletal network plays an essential role, however the contribution of other, closely entangled, intracellular organelles is currently underappreciated. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lies at a crucial crossroads, connected to both nucleus and cytoskeleton. Yet, its role in the maintenance of cell mechanical stability is less investigated. To start exploring these aspects, T24 bladder cancer cells were treated with the ER stress inducers brefeldin A (10-40nM BFA, 24 h) and thapsigargin (0.1-100nM TG, 24 h). Without impairment of cell motility and viability, BFA and TG triggered a significant subcellular redistribution of the ER; this was associated with a rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. Additional inhibition of actin polymerization with cytochalasin D (100nM CytD) contributed to the spread of the ER toward cell periphery, and was accompanied by an increase of cellular stiffness (Young´s modulus) in the cytoplasmic compartment. Shrinking of the ER toward the nucleus (100nM TG, 2 h) was related to an increased stiffness in the nuclear and perinuclear areas. A similar short-term response profile was observed also in normal human primary bladder fibroblasts. In sum, the ER and its subcellular rearrangement seem to contribute to the mechanical properties of bladder cells opening new perspectives in the study of the related stress signaling cascades. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Gruber
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Martina Karasová
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard Englinger
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ito S, Liu X, Ishikawa Y, Conti DD, Otomo N, Kote-Jarai Z, Suetsugu H, Eeles RA, Koike Y, Hikino K, Yoshino S, Tomizuka K, Horikoshi M, Ito K, Uchio Y, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Matsuda K, Haiman CA, Ikegawa S, Nakagawa H, Terao C. Androgen receptor binding sites enabling genetic prediction of mortality due to prostate cancer in cancer-free subjects. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4863. [PMID: 37612283 PMCID: PMC10447511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the second most common cancer worldwide in males. While strongly warranted, the prediction of mortality risk due to PrCa, especially before its development, is challenging. Here, we address this issue by maximizing the statistical power of genetic data with multi-ancestry meta-analysis and focusing on binding sites of the androgen receptor (AR), which has a critical role in PrCa. Taking advantage of large Japanese samples ever, a multi-ancestry meta-analysis comprising more than 300,000 subjects in total identifies 9 unreported loci including ZFHX3, a tumor suppressor gene, and successfully narrows down the statistically finemapped variants compared to European-only studies, and these variants strongly enrich in AR binding sites. A polygenic risk scores (PRS) analysis restricting to statistically finemapped variants in AR binding sites shows among cancer-free subjects, individuals with a PRS in the top 10% have a strongly higher risk of the future death of PrCa (HR: 5.57, P = 4.2 × 10-10). Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of leveraging large-scale genetic data and advanced analytical methods in predicting the mortality of PrCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David D Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nao Otomo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Suetsugu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiko Hikino
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshino
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Tomizuka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Uchio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan.
- Shizuoka General Hospital, The Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, The Department of Applied Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghosh S, Isma J, Mazzeo L, Toniolo A, Simon C, Dotto GP. Nuclear lamin A/C phosphorylation by loss of Androgen Receptor is a global determinant of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546870. [PMID: 37425957 PMCID: PMC10327063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of nuclear structure and function, and associated impact on gene transcription, are a hallmark of cancer cells. Little is known of these alterations in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), a key component of the tumor stroma. Here we show that loss of androgen receptor (AR), which triggers early steps of CAF activation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), leads to nuclear membrane alterations and increased micronuclei formation, which are unlinked from induction of cellular senescence. Similar alterations occur in fully established CAFs, which are overcome by restored AR function. AR associates with nuclear lamin A/C and loss of AR results in a substantially increased lamin A/C nucleoplasmic redistribution. Mechanistically, AR functions as a bridge between lamin A/C with the protein phosphatase PPP1. In parallel with a decreased lamin-PPP1 association, AR loss results in a marked increase of lamin A/C phosphorylation at Ser 301, which is also a feature of CAFs. Phosphorylated lamin A/C at Ser 301 binds to the transcription promoter regulatory region of several CAF effector genes, which are upregulated due to the loss of AR. More directly, expression of a lamin A/C Ser301 phosphomimetic mutant alone is sufficient to convert normal fibroblasts into tumor-promoting CAFs of the myofibroblast subtype, without an impact on senescence. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the AR-lamin A/C-PPP1 axis and lamin A/C phosphorylation at Ser 301 in driving CAF activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jovan Isma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annagiada Toniolo
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Simon
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G. Paolo Dotto
- Personalised Cancer Prevention Unit, ORL service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kurma K, Alix-Panabières C. Mechanobiology and survival strategies of circulating tumor cells: a process towards the invasive and metastatic phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1188499. [PMID: 37215087 PMCID: PMC10196185 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1188499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression is the deadliest feature of cancer. Cancer cell growth, invasion, intravasation, circulation, arrest/adhesion and extravasation require specific mechanical properties to allow cell survival and the completion of the metastatic cascade. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) come into contact with the capillary bed during extravasation/intravasation at the beginning of the metastatic cascade. However, CTC mechanobiology and survival strategies in the bloodstream, and specifically in the microcirculation, are not well known. A fraction of CTCs can extravasate and colonize distant areas despite the biomechanical constriction forces that are exerted by the microcirculation and that strongly decrease tumor cell survival. Furthermore, accumulating evidence shows that several CTC adaptations, via molecular factors and interactions with blood components (e.g., immune cells and platelets inside capillaries), may promote metastasis formation. To better understand CTC journey in the microcirculation as part of the metastatic cascade, we reviewed how CTC mechanobiology and interaction with other cell types in the bloodstream help them to survive the harsh conditions in the circulatory system and to metastasize in distant organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi Kurma
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (E LBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (E LBS), Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nong JS, Zhou X, Liu JQ, Luo JZ, Huang JM, Xie HX, Yang KJ, Wang J, Ye XP, Peng T. Nucleoporin 107 is a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with immune infiltration. Cancer Med 2023; 12:10990-11009. [PMID: 36952458 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic value and clinical significance of nucleoporin 107 (NUP107) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS The transcriptomic and clinical data of HCC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO databases. Tissue specimens were collected from HCC patients in the Guangxi area. According to the expression levels and prognostic characteristics of NUP107, ROC curves and nomogram models were constructed using the R package. RESULTS NUP107 was highly expressed in 26 human cancers including HCC, and was associated with advanced HCC staging and worse prognosis. NUP107 showed satisfactory ability to predict the prognosis of HCC patients (AUC >0.8). Results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further showed that NUP107 was mainly associated with cell cycle-related pathways such as the cell cycle, DNA replication, G2M checkpoint, E2F target, and mitotic spindle. In addition, NUP107 was also associated with immune infiltration in HCC and showed significant positive correlation with immune checkpoints (PD-L1 and TIM-3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sen Nong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Qi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhu Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mi Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xiang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balachandra S, Sarkar S, Amodeo AA. The Nuclear-to-Cytoplasmic Ratio: Coupling DNA Content to Cell Size, Cell Cycle, and Biosynthetic Capacity. Annu Rev Genet 2022; 56:165-185. [PMID: 35977407 PMCID: PMC10165727 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Though cell size varies between different cells and across species, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio is largely maintained across species and within cell types. A cell maintains a relatively constant N/C ratio by coupling DNA content, nuclear size, and cell size. We explore how cells couple cell division and growth to DNA content. In some cases, cells use DNA as a molecular yardstick to control the availability of cell cycle regulators. In other cases, DNA sets a limit for biosynthetic capacity. Developmentally programmed variations in the N/C ratio for a given cell type suggest that a specific N/C ratio is required to respond to given physiological demands. Recent observations connecting decreased N/C ratios with cellular senescence indicate that maintaining the proper N/C ratio is essential for proper cellular functioning. Together, these findings suggest a causative, not simply correlative, role for the N/C ratio in regulating cell growth and cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Balachandra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; ,
| | - Sharanya Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA;
| | - Amanda A Amodeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gridina M, Fishman V. Multilevel view on chromatin architecture alterations in cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:1059617. [PMID: 36468037 PMCID: PMC9715599 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1059617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes inside the nucleus are not located in the form of linear molecules. Instead, there is a complex multilevel genome folding that includes nucleosomes packaging, formation of chromatin loops, domains, compartments, and finally, chromosomal territories. Proper spatial organization play an essential role for the correct functioning of the genome, and is therefore dynamically changed during development or disease. Here we discuss how the organization of the cancer cell genome differs from the healthy genome at various levels. A better understanding of how malignization affects genome organization and long-range gene regulation will help to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gridina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schirmer EC, Latonen L, Tollis S. Nuclear size rectification: A potential new therapeutic approach to reduce metastasis in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1022723. [PMID: 36299481 PMCID: PMC9589484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1022723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on metastasis has recently regained considerable interest with the hope that single cell technologies might reveal the most critical changes that support tumor spread. However, it is possible that part of the answer has been visible through the microscope for close to 200 years. Changes in nuclear size characteristically occur in many cancer types when the cells metastasize. This was initially discarded as contributing to the metastatic spread because, depending on tumor types, both increases and decreases in nuclear size could correlate with increased metastasis. However, recent work on nuclear mechanics and the connectivity between chromatin, the nucleoskeleton, and the cytoskeleton indicate that changes in this connectivity can have profound impacts on cell mobility and invasiveness. Critically, a recent study found that reversing tumor type-dependent nuclear size changes correlated with reduced cell migration and invasion. Accordingly, it seems appropriate to now revisit possible contributory roles of nuclear size changes to metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Schirmer
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvain Tollis
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tollis S, Rizzotto A, Pham NT, Koivukoski S, Sivakumar A, Shave S, Wildenhain J, Zuleger N, Keys JT, Culley J, Zheng Y, Lammerding J, Carragher NO, Brunton VG, Latonen L, Auer M, Tyers M, Schirmer EC. Chemical Interrogation of Nuclear Size Identifies Compounds with Cancer Cell Line-Specific Effects on Migration and Invasion. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:680-700. [PMID: 35199530 PMCID: PMC8938924 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Background: Lower survival rates for many cancer
types correlate with changes in nuclear size/scaling in a tumor-type/tissue-specific
manner. Hypothesizing that such changes might confer an advantage
to tumor cells, we aimed at the identification of commercially available
compounds to guide further mechanistic studies. We therefore screened
for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved
compounds that reverse the direction of characteristic tumor nuclear
size changes in PC3, HCT116, and H1299 cell lines reflecting, respectively,
prostate adenocarcinoma, colonic adenocarcinoma, and small-cell squamous
lung cancer. Results: We found distinct, largely
nonoverlapping sets of compounds that rectify nuclear size changes
for each tumor cell line. Several classes of compounds including,
e.g., serotonin uptake inhibitors, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, β-adrenergic
receptor agonists, and Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitors,
displayed coherent nuclear size phenotypes focused on a particular
cell line or across cell lines and treatment conditions. Several compounds
from classes far afield from current chemotherapy regimens were also
identified. Seven nuclear size-rectifying compounds selected for further
investigation all inhibited cell migration and/or invasion. Conclusions: Our study provides (a) proof of concept that
nuclear size might be a valuable target to reduce cell migration/invasion
in cancer treatment and (b) the most thorough collection of tool compounds
to date reversing nuclear size changes specific to individual cancer-type
cell lines. Although these compounds still need to be tested in primary
cancer cells, the cell line-specific nuclear size and migration/invasion
responses to particular drug classes suggest that cancer type-specific
nuclear size rectifiers may help reduce metastatic spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Tollis
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Andrea Rizzotto
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Nhan T. Pham
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Sonja Koivukoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Aishwarya Sivakumar
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Steven Shave
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jan Wildenhain
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Nikolaj Zuleger
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jeremy T. Keys
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jayne Culley
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Yijing Zheng
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Manfred Auer
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Eric C. Schirmer
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Michael Swann Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu W, Sharma S, Rao E, Rowat AC, Gimzewski JK, Han D, Rao J. Cancer cell mechanobiology: a new frontier for cancer research. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:10-17. [PMID: 39035217 PMCID: PMC11256617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of physical and mechanical features of cancer cells, or cancer cell mechanobiology, is a new frontier in cancer research. Such studies may enhance our understanding of the disease process, especially mechanisms associated with cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and may help the effort of developing diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic drug targets. Cancer cell mechanobiological changes are associated with the complex interplay of activation/inactivation of multiple signaling pathways, which can occur at both the genetic and epigenetic levels, and the interactions with the cancer microenvironment. It has been shown that metastatic tumor cells are more compliant than morphologically similar benign cells in actual human samples. Subsequent studies from us and others further demonstrated that cell mechanical properties are strongly associated with cancer cell invasive and metastatic potential, and thus may serve as a diagnostic marker of detecting cancer cells in human body fluid samples. In this review, we provide a brief narrative of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell mechanobiology, the technological platforms utilized to study cancer cell mechanobiology, the status of cancer cell mechanobiological studies in various cancer types, and the potential clinical applications of cancer cell mechanobiological study in cancer early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amy C. Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James K. Gimzewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kong Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Kan W, Guo H, Liu Y, Zang Y, Li J. Inner nuclear membrane protein TMEM201 promotes breast cancer metastasis by positive regulating TGFβ signaling. Oncogene 2022; 41:647-656. [PMID: 34799661 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows the association between nuclear envelope and tumor progression, however, the functional contributions of specific constituents of the nuclear envelope remain largely unclear. We found that the expression level of transmembrane protein 201 (TMEM201), an integral inner nuclear membrane protein of unknown function, was significantly elevated in invasive breast cancer and predicted poor breast cancer prognosis. We showed that TMEM201, as a positive modulator, was both necessary and sufficient to regulate the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing analysis and validation showed that TMEM201 deficiency inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and transforming growth factor-β signaling. Finally, we showed that TMEM201 physically interacted with SMAD2/3 and was required for the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of the TGFβ. Thus, we demonstrated that specific inner nuclear membrane component mediated signal-dependent transcriptional effects to control breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yutian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weijuan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China.
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balakrishnan S, Raju SR, Barua A, Pradeep RP, Ananthasuresh GK. Two nondimensional parameters for characterizing the nuclear morphology. Biophys J 2021; 120:4698-4709. [PMID: 34624272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear morphology is an important indicator of cell function. It is regulated by a variety of factors such as the osmotic pressure difference between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, cytoskeletal forces, elasticity of the nuclear envelope and chromosomes. Nucleus shape and size are typically quantified using multiple geometrical quantities that are not necessarily independent of one another. This interdependence makes it difficult to decipher the implications of changes in nuclear morphology. We resolved this by analyzing nucleus shapes of populations for multiple cell lines using a mechanics-based model. We deduced two independent nondimensional parameters, namely, flatness index and isometric scale factor. We show that nuclei in a cell population have similar flatness but variable scale factor. Furthermore, nuclei of different cell lines segregate according to flatness. Cellular perturbations using biochemical and biomechanical techniques suggest that the flatness index correlates with actin tension and the scale factor anticorrelates with elastic modulus of nuclear envelope. We argue that nuclear morphology measures such as volume, projected area, height etc., are subsumed by flatness and scale factor, which can unambiguously characterize nuclear morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa R Raju
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anwesha Barua
- BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshma P Pradeep
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Gondi Kondaiah Ananthasuresh
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee CP, Chen MR. Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication. Viruses 2021; 13:702. [PMID: 33919628 PMCID: PMC8073350 DOI: 10.3390/v13040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, spanning the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The NE functions as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and as a transverse scaffold for various cellular processes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that infects most of the world's population and is associated with several well-known malignancies. Within the nucleus, the replicated viral DNA is packaged into capsids, which subsequently egress from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for tegumentation and final envelopment. There is increasing evidence that viral lytic gene expression or replication contributes to the pathogenesis of EBV. Various EBV lytic proteins regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways, especially the viral BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2. From the aspects of nuclear membrane structure, viral components, and fundamental nucleocytoplasmic transport controls, this review summarizes our findings and recently updated information on NE structure modification and NE-related cellular processes mediated by EBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pei Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fu Y, Liu Q, Bao Q, Wen J, Liu Z, Hu Y, He G, Peng C, Xu Y, Zhang W. Development and analysis of long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network for osteosarcoma metastasis. Hereditas 2021; 158:9. [PMID: 33593435 PMCID: PMC7887822 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-021-00174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is the primary bone malignant neoplasm that often develops metastasis. Increasing evidences have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) relate to the progression of osteosarcoma. However, the ncRNAs’ roles in osteosarcoma metastasis are still unknown. Methods Differentially expressed (DE) RNAs were identified from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) of DE messenger RNAs (DEmRNAs) was built through STRING database. The target mRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) of microRNAs (miRNA) were predicted through miRDB, Targetscan and Genecode databases, which then cross-checked with previously obtained DERNAs to construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. All networks were visualized via Cytoscape and the hub RNAs were screened out through Cytoscape plug-in Cytohubba. The gene functional and pathway analyses were performed through DAVID and MirPath databases. The survival analyses of hub RNAs were obtained through Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves. Results Five hundred sixty-four DEmRNAs, 16 DElncRNAs and 22 DEmiRNAs were screened out. GO functional and KEGG pathway analyses showed that DERNAs were significantly associated with tumor metastasis. The ceRNA network including 6 lncRNAs, 55 mRNAs and 20 miRNAs were constructed and the top 10 hub RNAs were obtained. Above all, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was identified as the most important osteosarcoma metastasis-associated pathway and its hub ceRNA module was constructed. The survival analyses showed that the RNAs in hub ceRNA module closely related to osteosarcoma patients’ prognosis. Conclusions The current study provided a new perspective on osteosarcoma metastasis. More importantly, the RNAs in hub ceRNA module might act as the novel therapeutic targets and prognostic factors for osteosarcoma patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-021-00174-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Junxiang Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Zhuochao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yuehao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Guoyu He
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yiqi Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pennacchio FA, Nastały P, Poli A, Maiuri P. Tailoring Cellular Function: The Contribution of the Nucleus in Mechanotransduction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:596746. [PMID: 33490050 PMCID: PMC7820809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.596746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sense a variety of different mechanochemical stimuli and promptly react to such signals by reshaping their morphology and adapting their structural organization and tensional state. Cell reactions to mechanical stimuli arising from the local microenvironment, mechanotransduction, play a crucial role in many cellular functions in both physiological and pathological conditions. To decipher this complex process, several studies have been undertaken to develop engineered materials and devices as tools to properly control cell mechanical state and evaluate cellular responses. Recent reports highlight how the nucleus serves as an important mechanosensor organelle and governs cell mechanoresponse. In this review, we will introduce the basic mechanisms linking cytoskeleton organization to the nucleus and how this reacts to mechanical properties of the cell microenvironment. We will also discuss how perturbations of nucleus-cytoskeleton connections, affecting mechanotransduction, influence health and disease. Moreover, we will present some of the main technological tools used to characterize and perturb the nuclear mechanical state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio A. Pennacchio
- FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Paulina Nastały
- FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alessandro Poli
- FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gensbittel V, Kräter M, Harlepp S, Busnelli I, Guck J, Goetz JG. Mechanical Adaptability of Tumor Cells in Metastasis. Dev Cell 2020; 56:164-179. [PMID: 33238151 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most dangerous aspect of cancer lies in metastatic progression. Tumor cells will successfully form life-threatening metastases when they undergo sequential steps along a journey from the primary tumor to distant organs. From a biomechanics standpoint, growth, invasion, intravasation, circulation, arrest/adhesion, and extravasation of tumor cells demand particular cell-mechanical properties in order to survive and complete the metastatic cascade. With metastatic cells usually being softer than their non-malignant counterparts, high deformability for both the cell and its nucleus is thought to offer a significant advantage for metastatic potential. However, it is still unclear whether there is a finely tuned but fixed mechanical state that accommodates all mechanical features required for survival throughout the cascade or whether tumor cells need to dynamically refine their properties and intracellular components at each new step encountered. Here, we review the various mechanical requirements successful cancer cells might need to fulfill along their journey and speculate on the possibility that they dynamically adapt their properties accordingly. The mechanical signature of a successful cancer cell might actually be its ability to adapt to the successive microenvironmental constraints along the different steps of the journey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gensbittel
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu W, Lu QY, Sharma S, Ly C, Di Carlo D, Rowat AC, LeClaire M, Kim D, Chow C, Gimzewski JK, Rao J. Single Cell Mechanotype and Associated Molecular Changes in Urothelial Cell Transformation and Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:601376. [PMID: 33330495 PMCID: PMC7711308 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell mechanotype changes are newly recognized cancer phenotypic events, whereas metastatic cancer cells show decreased cell stiffness and increased deformability relative to normal cells. To further examine how cell mechanotype changes in early stages of cancer transformation and progression, an in vitro multi-step human urothelial cell carcinogenic model was used to measure cellular Young's modulus, deformability, and transit time using single-cell atomic force microscopy, microfluidic-based deformability cytometry, and quantitative deformability cytometry, respectively. Measurable cell mechanotype changes of stiffness, deformability, and cell transit time occur early in the transformation process. As cells progress from normal, to preinvasive, to invasive cells, Young's modulus of stiffness decreases and deformability increases gradually. These changes were confirmed in three-dimensional cultured microtumor masses and urine exfoliated cells directly from patients. Using gene screening and proteomics approaches, we found that the main molecular pathway implicated in cell mechanotype changes appears to be epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qing-Yi Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chau Ly
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy C. Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael LeClaire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christine Chow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James K. Gimzewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Colón-Bolea P, García-Gómez R, Shackleton S, Crespo P, Bustelo XR, Casar B. RAC1 induces nuclear alterations through the LINC complex to enhance melanoma invasiveness. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2768-2778. [PMID: 33026942 PMCID: PMC7851868 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-02-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RHO GTPases are key regulators of the cytoskeletal architecture, which impact a broad range of biological processes in malignant cells including motility, invasion, and metastasis, thereby affecting tumor progression. One of the constraints during cell migration is the diameter of the pores through which cells pass. In this respect, the size and shape of the nucleus pose a major limitation. Therefore, enhanced nuclear plasticity can promote cell migration. Nuclear morphology is determined in part through the cytoskeleton, which connects to the nucleoskeleton through the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Here, we unravel the role of RAC1 as an orchestrator of nuclear morphology in melanoma cells. We demonstrate that activated RAC1 promotes nuclear alterations through its effector PAK1 and the tubulin cytoskeleton, thereby enhancing migration and intravasation of melanoma cells. Disruption of the LINC complex prevented RAC1-induced nuclear alterations and the invasive properties of melanoma cells. Thus, RAC1 induces nuclear morphology alterations through microtubules and the LINC complex to promote an invasive phenotype in melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Colón-Bolea
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sue Shackleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HM, UK
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karabağ C, Jones ML, Peddie CJ, Weston AE, Collinson LM, Reyes-Aldasoro CC. Semantic segmentation of HeLa cells: An objective comparison between one traditional algorithm and four deep-learning architectures. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230605. [PMID: 33006963 PMCID: PMC7531863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative study of cell morphology is of great importance as the structure and condition of cells and their structures can be related to conditions of health or disease. The first step towards that, is the accurate segmentation of cell structures. In this work, we compare five approaches, one traditional and four deep-learning, for the semantic segmentation of the nuclear envelope of cervical cancer cells commonly known as HeLa cells. Images of a HeLa cancer cell were semantically segmented with one traditional image-processing algorithm and four three deep learning architectures: VGG16, ResNet18, Inception-ResNet-v2, and U-Net. Three hundred slices, each 2000 × 2000 pixels, of a HeLa Cell were acquired with Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy. The first three deep learning architectures were pre-trained with ImageNet and then fine-tuned with transfer learning. The U-Net architecture was trained from scratch with 36, 000 training images and labels of size 128 × 128. The image-processing algorithm followed a pipeline of several traditional steps like edge detection, dilation and morphological operators. The algorithms were compared by measuring pixel-based segmentation accuracy and Jaccard index against a labelled ground truth. The results indicated a superior performance of the traditional algorithm (Accuracy = 99%, Jaccard = 93%) over the deep learning architectures: VGG16 (93%, 90%), ResNet18 (94%, 88%), Inception-ResNet-v2 (94%, 89%), and U-Net (92%, 56%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cefa Karabağ
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin L. Jones
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Peddie
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Weston
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M. Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro
- giCentre, Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Structural and Mechanical Aberrations of the Nuclear Lamina in Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081884. [PMID: 32796718 PMCID: PMC7464082 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamins are the major components of the nuclear lamina in the nuclear envelope. Lamins are involved in numerous functions, including a role in providing structural support to the cell and the mechanosensing of the cell. Mutations in the genes encoding for lamins lead to the rare diseases termed laminopathies. However, not only laminopathies show alterations in the nuclear lamina. Deregulation of lamin expression is reported in multiple cancers and several viral infections lead to a disrupted nuclear lamina. The structural and mechanical effects of alterations in the nuclear lamina can partly explain the phenotypes seen in disease, such as muscular weakness in certain laminopathies and transmigration of cancer cells. However, a lot of answers to questions about the relation between changes in the nuclear lamina and disease development remain elusive. Here, we review the current understandings of the contribution of the nuclear lamina in the structural support and mechanosensing of healthy and diseased cells.
Collapse
|
24
|
Oncogene PRR14 promotes breast cancer through activation of PI3K signal pathway and inhibition of CHEK2 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:464. [PMID: 32541902 PMCID: PMC7296039 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear envelope component PRR14 has been detected to be upregulated in varieties of cancers, especially in breast cancer. But its role in breast carcinogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we show PRR14 contributes to breast carcinogenesis mainly through overexpression, which derives from elevated transcription and gene amplification. Increased PRR14 expression promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. Biochemical analysis reveals, in addition to previously reported activation of PI3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway, PRR14 overexpression regulates cell cycle in breast cancer by inhibiting CHEK2’s activation, followed with the deregulation of DNA damage pathway. In correspondence, CHEK2 and PRR14 show opposite impact on breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Collectively, our study is the first to document the oncogenetic role of PRR14 in breast cancer, which protects cells from apoptosis and stimulates proliferation by activating the PI3-kinase/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibiting the CHEK2 pathway. Both of these pathways are of great influence in breast cancer and PRR14 appears to be their novel interacting node, which renders patients more resistance to chemotherapy and provides a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mass Spectrometric Comparison of HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Oropharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061531. [PMID: 32545200 PMCID: PMC7352546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) consist of two distinct biological entities. While the numbers of classical, tobacco-induced HNSCC are declining, tumors caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are increasing in many countries. HPV-positive HNSCC mostly arise in the oropharynx and are characterized by an enhanced sensitivity towards radiotherapy and a favorable prognosis. To identify molecular differences between both entities on the protein level, we conducted a mass spectrometric comparison of eight HPV-positive and nine HPV-negative oropharyngeal tumors (OPSCC). Overall, we identified 2051 proteins, of which 31 were found to be differentially expressed. Seventeen of these can be assorted to three functional groups, namely DNA replication, nuclear architecture and cytoskeleton regulation, with the differences in the last group potentially reflecting an enhanced migratory and invasive capacity. Furthermore, a number of identified proteins have been described to directly impact on DNA double-strand break repair or radiation sensitivity (e.g., SLC3A2, cortactin, RBBP4, Numa1), offering explanations for the differential prognosis. The unequal expression of three proteins (SLC3A2, MCM2 and lamin B1) was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining using a tissue microarray containing 205 OPSCC samples. The expression levels of SLC3A2 and lamin B1 were found be of prognostic relevance in patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC, respectively.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hironaka-Mitsuhashi A, Otsuka K, Gailhouste L, Sanchez Calle A, Kumazaki M, Yamamoto Y, Fujiwara Y, Ochiya T. MiR-1285-5p/TMEM194A axis affects cell proliferation in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:395-405. [PMID: 31854049 PMCID: PMC7004531 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of breast cancer among young patients is a major issue in cancer etiology. Our previous study has shown that poor prognosis in young women with breast cancer is associated with lower expression of the microRNA miR‐1285‐5p. In this study, we showed that the expression of miR‐1285‐5p is lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. Accumulating evidence suggests that miR‐1285‐5p plays critical roles in various types of cancers. However, the functional role of miR‐1285‐5p in breast cancer remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed the tumor‐suppressive role of miR‐1285‐5p and detailed its mechanism of action in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR‐1285‐5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation in breast cancer cells regardless of the tumor subtype. Among the target genes of miR‐1285‐5p, we found that transmembrane protein 194A (TMEM194A) was directly regulated by miR‐1285‐5p. Notably, separation of centrosomes from the nuclear envelope was observed upon knockdown of TMEM194A or overexpression of miR‐1285‐5p. In conclusion, our findings show that miR‐1285‐5p is a tumor suppressor via TMEM194A inhibition in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hironaka-Mitsuhashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurataka Otsuka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation Sengawa Kewport, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Anna Sanchez Calle
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Kumazaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Starr DA. A network of nuclear envelope proteins and cytoskeletal force generators mediates movements of and within nuclei throughout Caenorhabditis elegans development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1323-1332. [PMID: 31495194 PMCID: PMC6880151 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219871965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear migration and anchorage, together referred to as nuclear positioning, are central to many cellular and developmental events. Nuclear positioning is mediated by a conserved network of nuclear envelope proteins that interacts with force generators in the cytoskeleton. At the heart of this network are li nker of n ucleoskeleton and c ytoskeleton (LINC) complexes made of S ad1 and UN C-84 (SUN) proteins at the inner nuclear membrane and K larsicht, A NC-1, and S yne homology (KASH) proteins in the outer nuclear membrane. LINC complexes span the nuclear envelope, maintain nuclear envelope architecture, designate the surface of nuclei distinctly from the contiguous endoplasmic reticulum, and were instrumental in the early evolution of eukaryotes. LINC complexes interact with lamins in the nucleus and with various cytoplasmic KASH effectors from the surface of nuclei. These effectors regulate the cytoskeleton, leading to a variety of cellular outputs including pronuclear migration, nuclear migration through constricted spaces, nuclear anchorage, centrosome attachment to nuclei, meiotic chromosome movements, and DNA damage repair. How LINC complexes are regulated and how they function are reviewed here. The focus is on recent studies elucidating the best-understood network of LINC complexes, those used throughout Caenorhabditis elegans development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology,
University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ahn JH, Cho MG, Sohn S, Lee JH. Inhibition of PP2A activity by H 2O 2 during mitosis disrupts nuclear envelope reassembly and alters nuclear shape. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-18. [PMID: 31164634 PMCID: PMC6548778 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many types of cancer cells exhibit abnormal nuclear shapes induced by various molecular changes. However, whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce nuclear deformation has not been fully addressed. Here, we show that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment induced concentration-dependent alterations in nuclear shape that were abolished by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine or by catalase overexpression. Interestingly, treatment with H2O2 induced nuclear shape alterations significantly more frequently in mitotic cells than in asynchronous cells, suggesting that H2O2 mainly affects nuclear envelope disassembly and/or reassembly processes. Because protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) activity is reported to be involved in nuclear envelope reassembly during mitosis, we investigated the possible involvement of PP2A. Indeed, H2O2 reduced the activity of PP2A, an effect that was mimicked by the PP1 and PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid. Moreover, overexpression of PP2A but not PP1 or PP4 partially rescued H2O2-induced alterations in nuclear shape, indicating that the decrease in PP2A activity induced by H2O2 is specifically involved in the observed nuclear shape alterations. We further show that treatment of mitotic cells with H2O2 induced the mislocalization of BAF (barrier-to-autointegration factor), a substrate of PP2A, during telophase. This effect was associated with Lamin A/C mislocalization and was rescued by PP2A overexpression. Collectively, our findings suggest that H2O2 preferentially affects mitotic cells through PP2A inhibition, which induces the subsequent mislocalization of BAF and Lamin A/C during nuclear envelope reassembly, leading to the formation of an abnormal nuclear shape. A class of harmful chemical compounds produces morphological abnormalities in the nucleus that may help promote tumor growth. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are DNA- and protein-damaging molecules that originate both from environmental contaminants and as a byproduct of cellular metabolism or stress. Jae-Ho Lee and colleagues at Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea have now identified a mechanism by which ROS can disrupt the shape and structure of the nucleus. They show that ROS exposure reduces the ativity of an enzyme called PP2A, which is required for the targeted recruitment of proteins that rebuild the membrane envelope surrounding the nucleus after cell division. Perturbations in this envelope can potentially contribute to damage to the chromosomal DNA within the nucleus, creating conditions that can trigger or accelerate the process of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.,Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Min-Guk Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.,Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea. .,Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hah J, Kim DH. Deciphering Nuclear Mechanobiology in Laminopathy. Cells 2019; 8:E231. [PMID: 30862117 PMCID: PMC6468464 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular mechanical stimuli are translated into biochemical signals inside the cell via mechanotransduction. The nucleus plays a critical role in mechanoregulation, which encompasses mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. The nuclear lamina underlying the inner nuclear membrane not only maintains the structural integrity, but also connects the cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope. Lamin mutations, therefore, dysregulate the nuclear response, resulting in abnormal mechanoregulations, and ultimately, disease progression. Impaired mechanoregulations even induce malfunction in nuclear positioning, cell migration, mechanosensation, as well as differentiation. To know how to overcome laminopathies, we need to understand the mechanisms of laminopathies in a mechanobiological way. Recently, emerging studies have demonstrated the varying defects from lamin mutation in cellular homeostasis within mechanical surroundings. Therefore, this review summarizes recent findings highlighting the role of lamins, the architecture of nuclear lamina, and their disease relevance in the context of nuclear mechanobiology. We will also provide an overview of the differentiation of cellular mechanics in laminopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Hah
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Balakrishnan S, Mathad SS, Sharma G, Raju SR, Reddy UB, Das S, Ananthasuresh GK. A Nondimensional Model Reveals Alterations in Nuclear Mechanics upon Hepatitis C Virus Replication. Biophys J 2019; 116:1328-1339. [PMID: 30879645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphology of the nucleus is an important regulator of gene expression. Nuclear morphology is in turn a function of the forces acting on it and the mechanical properties of the nuclear envelope. Here, we present a two-parameter, nondimensional mechanical model of the nucleus that reveals a relationship among nuclear shape parameters, such as projected area, surface area, and volume. Our model fits the morphology of individual nuclei and predicts the ratio between forces and modulus in each nucleus. We analyzed the changes in nuclear morphology of liver cells due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection using this model. The model predicted a decrease in the elastic modulus of the nuclear envelope and an increase in the pre-tension in cortical actin as the causes for the change in nuclear morphology. These predictions were validated biomechanically by showing that liver cells expressing HCV proteins possessed enhanced cellular stiffness and reduced nuclear stiffness. Concomitantly, cells expressing HCV proteins showed downregulation of lamin-A,C and upregulation of β-actin, corroborating the predictions of the model. Our modeling assumptions are broadly applicable to adherent, monolayer cell cultures, making the model amenable to investigate changes in nuclear mechanics due to other stimuli by merely measuring nuclear morphology. Toward this, we present two techniques, graphical and numerical, to use our model for predicting physical changes in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Balakrishnan
- BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suma S Mathad
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Geetika Sharma
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa R Raju
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uma B Reddy
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - G K Ananthasuresh
- BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee SH, Hadipour-Lakmehsari S, Miyake T, Gramolini AO. Three-dimensional imaging reveals endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum-containing invaginations within the nucleoplasm of muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C257-C267. [PMID: 29167149 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00141.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian nucleus has invaginations from the cytoplasm, termed nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR). With increased resolution of cellular imaging, progress has been made in understanding the formation and function of NR. In fact, nucleoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression, DNA repair, and cell death. However, the majority of studies focus on cross-sectional or single-plane analyses of NR invaginations, providing an incomplete assessment of its distribution and content. Here, we provided advanced imaging and three-dimensional reconstructive analyses characterizing the molecular constituents of nuclear invaginations in the nucleoplasm in HEK293 cells, murine C2C12 muscle cells, and cardiac myocytes. We demonstrated the presence of critical Ca2+ regulatory channels, including sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), and Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel protein 1 (ORAI1), in the nucleoplasm in isolated primary mouse cardiomyocytes. We have shown for the first time the presence of STIM1 and ORAI1 in the nucleoplasm, suggesting the presence of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mechanism in nucleoplasmic Ca2+ regulation. These results show that nucleoplasmic invaginations contain continuous endoplasmic reticulum components, mitochondria, and intact nuclear membranes, highlighting the extremely detailed and complex nature of this organellar structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Haw Lee
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Sina Hadipour-Lakmehsari
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Tetsuaki Miyake
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Breaking the scale: how disrupting the karyoplasmic ratio gives cancer cells an advantage for metastatic invasion. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1333-1344. [PMID: 29150524 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear size normally scales with the size of the cell, but in cancer this 'karyoplasmic ratio' is disrupted. This is particularly so in more metastatic tumors where changes in the karyoplasmic ratio are used in both diagnosis and prognosis for several tumor types. However, the direction of nuclear size changes differs for particular tumor types: for example in breast cancer, larger nuclear size correlates with increased metastasis, while for lung cancer smaller nuclear size correlates with increased metastasis. Thus, there must be tissue-specific drivers of the nuclear size changes, but proteins thus far linked to nuclear size regulation are widely expressed. Notably, for these tumor types, ploidy changes have been excluded as the basis for nuclear size changes, and so, the increased metastasis is more likely to have a basis in the nuclear morphology change itself. We review what is known about nuclear size regulation and postulate how such nuclear size changes can increase metastasis and why the directionality can differ for particular tumor types.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nikolakaki E, Mylonis I, Giannakouros T. Lamin B Receptor: Interplay between Structure, Function and Localization. Cells 2017; 6:cells6030028. [PMID: 28858257 PMCID: PMC5617974 DOI: 10.3390/cells6030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin B receptor (LBR) is an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, containing a hydrophilic N-terminal end protruding into the nucleoplasm, eight hydrophobic segments that span the membrane and a short, nucleoplasmic C-terminal tail. Two seemingly unrelated functions have been attributed to LBR. Its N-terminal domain tethers heterochromatin to the nuclear periphery, thus contributing to the shape of interphase nuclear architecture, while its transmembrane domains exhibit sterol reductase activity. Mutations within the transmembrane segments result in defects in cholesterol synthesis and are associated with diseases such as the Pelger–Huët anomaly and Greenberg skeletal dysplasia, whereas no such harmful mutations related to the anchoring properties of LBR have been reported so far. Recent evidence suggests a dynamic regulation of LBR expression levels, structural organization, localization and function, in response to various signals. The molecular mechanisms underlying this dynamic behavior have not yet been fully unraveled. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the interplay between the structure, function and localization of LBR, and hint at the interconnection of the two distinct functions of LBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Nikolakaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Panepistimiou 3 BIOPOLIS, Larissa 41500, Greece.
| | - Thomas Giannakouros
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Srinivasainagendra V, Sandel MW, Singh B, Sundaresan A, Mooga VP, Bajpai P, Tiwari HK, Singh KK. Migration of mitochondrial DNA in the nuclear genome of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Genome Med 2017; 9:31. [PMID: 28356157 PMCID: PMC5370490 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal adenocarcinomas are characterized by abnormal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and genomic instability, but a molecular interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear genome remains unknown. Here we report the discovery of increased copies of nuclear mtDNA (NUMT) in colorectal adenocarcinomas, which supports link between mtDNA and genomic instability in the nucleus. We name this phenomenon of nuclear occurrence of mitochondrial component as numtogenesis. We provide a description of NUMT abundance and distribution in tumor versus matched blood-derived normal genomes. Methods Whole-genome sequence data were obtained for colon adenocarcinoma and rectum adenocarcinoma patients participating in The Cancer Genome Atlas, via the Cancer Genomics Hub, using the GeneTorrent file acquisition tool. Data were analyzed to determine NUMT proportion and distribution on a genome-wide scale. A NUMT suppressor gene was identified by comparing numtogenesis in other organisms. Results Our study reveals that colorectal adenocarcinoma genomes, on average, contains up to 4.2-fold more somatic NUMTs than matched normal genomes. Women colorectal tumors contained more NUMT than men. NUMT abundance in tumor predicted parallel abundance in blood. NUMT abundance positively correlated with GC content and gene density. Increased numtogenesis was observed with higher mortality. We identified YME1L1, a human homolog of yeast YME1 (yeast mitochondrial DNA escape 1) to be frequently mutated in colorectal tumors. YME1L1 was also mutated in tumors derived from other tissues. We show that inactivation of YME1L1 results in increased transfer of mtDNA in the nuclear genome. Conclusions Our study demonstrates increased somatic transfer of mtDNA in colorectal tumors. Our study also reveals sex-based differences in frequency of NUMT occurrence and that NUMT in blood reflects NUMT in tumors, suggesting NUMT may be used as a biomarker for tumorigenesis. We identify YME1L1 as the first NUMT suppressor gene in human and demonstrate that inactivation of YME1L1 induces migration of mtDNA to the nuclear genome. Our study reveals that numtogenesis plays an important role in the development of cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0420-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh Srinivasainagendra
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Michael W Sandel
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.,Present address: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of West Alabama, Livingston, Alabama, USA
| | - Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Aishwarya Sundaresan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Ved P Mooga
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Prachi Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, Environmental Health, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging and UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA. .,Departments of Pathology, Environmental Health, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging and UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA. .,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA. .,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul Genetics Building, Suite 620, 720 20th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nguyen AV, Nyberg KD, Scott MB, Welsh AM, Nguyen AH, Wu N, Hohlbauch SV, Geisse NA, Gibb EA, Robertson AG, Donahue TR, Rowat AC. Stiffness of pancreatic cancer cells is associated with increased invasive potential. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:1232-1245. [PMID: 27761545 PMCID: PMC5866717 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a fundamentally physical process in which cells are required to deform through narrow gaps as they invade surrounding tissues and transit to distant sites. In many cancers, more invasive cells are more deformable than less invasive cells, but the extent to which mechanical phenotype, or mechanotype, can predict disease aggressiveness in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. Here we investigate the invasive potential and mechanical properties of immortalized PDAC cell lines derived from primary tumors and a secondary metastatic site, as well as noncancerous pancreatic ductal cells. To investigate how invasive behavior is associated with cell mechanotype, we flow cells through micron-scale pores using parallel microfiltration and microfluidic deformability cytometry; these results show that the ability of PDAC cells to passively transit through pores is only weakly correlated with their invasive potential. We also measure the Young's modulus of pancreatic ductal cells using atomic force microscopy, which reveals that there is a strong association between cell stiffness and invasive potential in PDAC cells. To determine the molecular origins of the variability in mechanotype across our PDAC cell lines, we analyze RNAseq data for genes that are known to regulate cell mechanotype. Our results show that vimentin, actin, and lamin A are among the most differentially expressed mechanoregulating genes across our panel of PDAC cell lines, as well as a cohort of 38 additional PDAC cell lines. We confirm levels of these proteins across our cell panel using immunoblotting, and find that levels of lamin A increase with both invasive potential and Young's modulus. Taken together, we find that stiffer PDAC cells are more invasive than more compliant cells, which challenges the paradigm that decreased cell stiffness is a hallmark of metastatic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelyn V Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Kendra D Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael B Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Alia M Welsh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andrew H Nguyen
- Department of General Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nanping Wu
- Department of General Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sophia V Hohlbauch
- Asylum Research, an Oxford Instruments Company, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Nicholas A Geisse
- Asylum Research, an Oxford Instruments Company, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Department of General Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bif-1 promotes tumor cell migration and metastasis via Cdc42 expression and activity. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 34:11-23. [PMID: 27730394 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the process by which tumor cells disseminate from tumors and enter nearby and distant microenvironments for new colonization. Bif-1 (BAX-interacting factor 1), which has a BAR domain and an SH3 domain, has been reported to be involved in cell growth, apoptosis and autophagy. However, the influence of Bif-1 on metastasis has been less studied. To understand the role of Bif-1 in metastasis, we studied the expression levels of Bif-1 in human HCC specimens using immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray and quantitative PCR. The function of Bif-1 was assessed in migration and translocation assays and the pulmonary metastatic animal model. The relationship between Bif-1 and the Rho family was determined using immunoblot analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The results showed that the expression of Bif-1 was higher in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than matched adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. Increased Bif-1 expression was associated with tumor size and the intercellular spread and metastasis of HCC. Analysis of the relationship between Bif-1 expression and patients' clinical characteristics revealed that patients with higher levels of Bif-1 had shorter disease-free and overall survival rates. Knockdown of Bif-1 with RNAi suppressed the migration of HCC cells and pulmonary metastasis and decreased the expression of Cdc42, a member of the Rho family. Bif-1 localized to the cytosol and nucleus and interacted with the promoter transcription region of Cdc42, which may regulate Cdc42 expression. Our results demonstrate a novel role of Bif-1 in HCC, in which Bif-1 promotes cell metastasis by regulating Cdc42 expression and activity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Ivanovska IL, Swift J, Discher DE. Nuclear lamins in cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:258-267. [PMID: 27570565 PMCID: PMC4999255 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmorphic nuclei are commonly seen in cancers and provide strong motivation for studying the main structural proteins of nuclei, the lamins, in cancer. Past studies have also demonstrated the significance of microenvironment mechanics to cancer progression, which is extremely interesting because the lamina was recently shown to be mechanosensitive. Here, we review current knowledge relating cancer progression to lamina biophysics. Lamin levels can constrain cancer cell migration in 3D and thereby impede tumor growth, and lamins can also protect a cancer cell's genome. In addition, lamins can influence transcriptional regulators (RAR, SRF, YAP/TAZ) and chromosome conformation in lamina associated domains. Further investigation of the roles for lamins in cancer and even DNA damage may lead to new therapies or at least to a clearer understanding of lamins as bio-markers in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Irianto
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joe Swift
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Li Y, Lovett D, Zhang Q, Neelam S, Kuchibhotla RA, Zhu R, Gundersen GG, Lele TP, Dickinson RB. Moving Cell Boundaries Drive Nuclear Shaping during Cell Spreading. Biophys J 2016; 109:670-86. [PMID: 26287620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus has a smooth, regular appearance in normal cells, and its shape is greatly altered in human pathologies. Yet, how the cell establishes nuclear shape is not well understood. We imaged the dynamics of nuclear shaping in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Nuclei translated toward the substratum and began flattening during the early stages of cell spreading. Initially, nuclear height and width correlated with the degree of cell spreading, but over time, reached steady-state values even as the cell continued to spread. Actomyosin activity, actomyosin bundles, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, as well as the LINC complex, were all dispensable for nuclear flattening as long as the cell could spread. Inhibition of actin polymerization as well as myosin light chain kinase with the drug ML7 limited both the initial spreading of cells and flattening of nuclei, and for well-spread cells, inhibition of myosin-II ATPase with the drug blebbistatin decreased cell spreading with associated nuclear rounding. Together, these results show that cell spreading is necessary and sufficient to drive nuclear flattening under a wide range of conditions, including in the presence or absence of myosin activity. To explain this observation, we propose a computational model for nuclear and cell mechanics that shows how frictional transmission of stress from the moving cell boundaries to the nuclear surface shapes the nucleus during early cell spreading. Our results point to a surprisingly simple mechanical system in cells for establishing nuclear shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David Lovett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Srujana Neelam
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Ruijun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Richard B Dickinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kikutake C, Yahara K. Identification of Epigenetic Biomarkers of Lung Adenocarcinoma through Multi-Omics Data Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152918. [PMID: 27042856 PMCID: PMC4820141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation or histone modifications are essential for the regulation of gene expression and development of tissues. Alteration of epigenetic modifications can be used as an epigenetic biomarker for diagnosis and as promising targets for epigenetic therapy. A recent study explored cancer-cell specific epigenetic biomarkers by examining different types of epigenetic modifications simultaneously. However, it was based on microarrays and reported biomarkers that were also present in normal cells at a low frequency. Here, we first analyzed multi-omics data (including ChIP-Seq data of six types of histone modifications: H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K9me3, H3K36me3, H3K27me3, and H3K4me3) obtained from 26 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and a normal cell line. We identified six genes with both H3K27ac and H3K4me3 histone modifications in their promoter regions, which were not present in the normal cell line, but present in ≥85% (22 out of 26) and ≤96% (25 out of 26) of the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Of these genes, NUP210 (encoding a main component of the nuclear pore complex) was the only gene in which the two modifications were not detected in another normal cell line. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that NUP210 was aberrantly overexpressed among the 26 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, although the frequency of NUP210 overexpression was lower (19.3%) in 57 lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples studied and stored in another database. This study provides a basis to discover epigenetic biomarkers highly specific to a certain cancer, based on multi-omics data at the cell population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kikutake
- Division of Biostatistics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yahara
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Size and shape are important aspects of nuclear structure. While normal cells maintain nuclear size within a defined range, altered nuclear size and shape are associated with a variety of diseases. It is unknown if altered nuclear morphology contributes to pathology, and answering this question requires a better understanding of the mechanisms that control nuclear size and shape. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate nuclear morphology, focusing on nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear lamins, the endoplasmic reticulum, the cell cycle, and potential links between nuclear size and size regulation of other organelles. We then discuss the functional significance of nuclear morphology in the context of early embryonic development. Looking toward the future, we review new experimental approaches that promise to provide new insights into mechanisms of nuclear size control, in particular microfluidic-based technologies, and discuss how altered nuclear morphology might impact chromatin organization and physiology of diseased cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richik N Mukherjee
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY USA
| | - Pan Chen
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY USA
| | - Daniel L Levy
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karacosta LG, Kuroski LA, Hofmann WA, Azabdaftari G, Mastri M, Gocher AM, Dai S, Hoste AJ, Edelman AM. Nucleoporin 62 and Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent kinase kinase 2 regulate androgen receptor activity in castrate resistant prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2016; 76:294-306. [PMID: 26552607 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-activation of the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR) is an important factor mediating progression from androgen-responsive to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the mechanisms regulating AR activity in CRPC remain incompletely understood. Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK) 2 was previously shown to regulate AR activity in androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells. Our objective was to further explore the basis of this regulation in CRPC cells. METHODS The abundance of CaMKK2 in nuclear fractions of androgen-responsive prostate cancer and CRPC, cells were determined by subcellular fractionation and Western blotting. CaMKK2 association with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and nucleoporins (Nups) including Nup62, were imaged by structured illumination and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation, respectively. The abundance and subcellular localization of CaMKK2 and Nup62 in human clinical specimens of prostate cancer was visualized by immunohistochemistry. The role of Nups in the growth and viability of CRPC cells was assessed by RNA interference and cell counting. The involvement of CaMKK2 and Nup62 in regulating AR transcriptional activity was addressed by RNA interference, chromatin immunoprecipitation, androgen response element reporter assay, and Western blotting. RESULTS CaMKK2 was expressed at higher levels in the nuclear fraction of CPRC C4-2 cells, than in that of androgen-responsive LNCaP cells. In C4-2 cells, CaMKK2 associated with NPCs of the nuclear envelope and physically interacted with Nup62. CaMKK2 and Nup62 demonstrated pronounced, and similar increases in both expression and perinuclear/nuclear localization in human clinical specimens of advanced prostate cancer relative to normal prostate. Knockdown of Nup62, but not of Nups, 98 or 88, reduced growth and viability of C4-2 cells. Knockdown of Nup62 produced a greater reduction of the growth and viability of C4-2 cells than of non-neoplastic RWPE-1 prostatic cells. Nup62, CaMKK2, and the AR were recruited to androgen response elements of the AR target genes, prostate specific antigen, and transmembrane protease, serine 2. Knockdown of CaMKK2 and Nup62 reduced prostate specific antigen expression and AR transcriptional activity driven by androgen response elements from the prostate-specific probasin gene promoter. CONCLUSION Nup62 and CaMKK2 are required for optimal AR transcriptional activity and a potential mechanism for AR re-activation in CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loukia G Karacosta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Laura A Kuroski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michalis Mastri
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Angela M Gocher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shuhang Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Allen J Hoste
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Arthur M Edelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mitchell MJ, Denais C, Chan MF, Wang Z, Lammerding J, King MR. Lamin A/C deficiency reduces circulating tumor cell resistance to fluid shear stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C736-46. [PMID: 26447202 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00050.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis contributes to over 90% of cancer-related deaths and is initiated when cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, invade the basement membrane, and enter the circulation as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). While metastasis is viewed as an inefficient process with most CTCs dying within the bloodstream, it is evident that some CTCs are capable of resisting hemodynamic shear forces to form secondary tumors in distant tissues. We hypothesized that nuclear lamins A and C (A/C) act as key structural components within CTCs necessary to resist destruction from elevated shear forces of the bloodstream. Herein, we show that, compared with nonmalignant epithelial cells, tumor cells are resistant to elevated fluid shear forces in vitro that mimic those within the bloodstream, as evidenced by significant decreases in cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Knockdown of lamin A/C significantly reduced tumor cell resistance to fluid shear stress, with significantly increased cell death compared with parental tumor cell and nontargeting controls. Interestingly, lamin A/C knockdown increased shear stress-induced tumor cell apoptosis, but did not significantly affect cellular necrosis. These data demonstrate that lamin A/C is an important structural component that enables tumor cell resistance to fluid shear stress-mediated death in the bloodstream, and may thus facilitate survival and hematogenous metastasis of CTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mitchell
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| | - Celine Denais
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Maxine F Chan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| | - Zhexiao Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Michael R King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; and
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mattout A, Cabianca DS, Gasser SM. Chromatin states and nuclear organization in development--a view from the nuclear lamina. Genome Biol 2015; 16:174. [PMID: 26303512 PMCID: PMC4549078 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of chromatin domains in interphase nuclei changes dramatically during development in multicellular organisms. A crucial question is whether nuclear organization is a cause or a result of differentiation. Genetic perturbation of lamina–heterochromatin interactions is helping to reveal the cross-talk between chromatin states and nuclear organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mattout
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daphne S Cabianca
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Susan M Gasser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Krause M, Wolf K. Cancer cell migration in 3D tissue: negotiating space by proteolysis and nuclear deformability. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:357-66. [PMID: 26301444 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient tumor cell invasion into the surrounding desmoplastic stroma is a hallmark of cancer progression and involves the navigation through available small tissue spaces existent within the dense stromal network. Such navigation includes the reciprocal adaptation of the moving tumor cell, including the nucleus as largest and stiffest organelle, to pre-existent or de-novo generated extracellular matrix (ECM) gaps, pores and trails within stromal compartments. Within the context of migration, we briefly summarize physiological and tumor-related changes in ECM geometries as well as tissue proteolysis. We then focus on mechanisms that ensure the successful translocation of a nucleus through a confining pore by cytoskeleton-mediated coupling, as well as regulators of cell and nuclear deformability such as chromatin organization and nuclear lamina expression. In summary, understanding dynamic nuclear mechanics during migration in response to confined space will add to a better conceptual appreciation of cancer invasion and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Krause
- a Department of Cell Biology ; Radboud University Medical Center ; Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Wolf
- a Department of Cell Biology ; Radboud University Medical Center ; Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Di Luca A, Henry M, Meleady P, O'Connor R. Label-free LC-MS analysis of HER2+ breast cancer cell line response to HER2 inhibitor treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:40. [PMID: 26238995 PMCID: PMC4524286 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth-factor receptor (HER)-2 is overexpressed in 25 % of breast-cancers and is associated with an aggressive form of the disease with significantly shortened disease free and overall survival. In recent years, the use of HER2-targeted therapies, monoclonal-antibodies and small molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitors has significantly improved the clinical outcome for HER2-positive breast-cancer patients. However, only a fraction of HER2-amplified patients will respond to therapy and the use of these treatments is often limited by tumour drug insensitivity or resistance and drug toxicities. Currently there is no way to identify likely responders or rational combinations with the potential to improve HER2-focussed treatment outcome. METHODS In order to further understand the molecular mechanisms of treatment-response with HER2-inhibitors, we used a highly-optimised and reproducible quantitative label-free LC-MS strategy to characterize the proteomes of HER2-overexpressing breast-cancer cell-lines (SKBR3, BT474 and HCC1954) in response to drug-treatment with HER2-inhibitors (lapatinib, neratinib or afatinib). RESULTS Following 12 ours treatment with different HER2-inhibitors in the BT474 cell-line; compared to the untreated cells, 16 proteins changed significantly in abundance following lapatinib treatment (1 μM), 21 proteins changed significantly following neratinib treatment (150 nM) and 38 proteins changed significantly following afatinib treatment (150 nM). Whereas following 24 hours treatment with neratinib (200 nM) 46 proteins changed significantly in abundance in the HCC1954 cell-line and 23 proteins in the SKBR3 cell-line compared to the untreated cells. Analysing the data we found that, proteins like trifunctional-enzyme subunit-alpha, mitochondrial; heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-R and lamina-associated polypeptide 2, isoform alpha were up-regulated whereas heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein was down-regulated in 3 or more comparisons. CONCLUSION This proteomic study highlights several proteins that are closely associated with early HER2-inhibitor response and will provide a valuable resource for further investigation of ways to improve efficacy of breast-cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Luca
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Robert O'Connor
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Nursing and Human Sciences, DCU, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gomez-Cavazos JS, Hetzer MW. The nucleoporin gp210/Nup210 controls muscle differentiation by regulating nuclear envelope/ER homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:671-81. [PMID: 25778917 PMCID: PMC4362455 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201410047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The luminal domain of Nup210 that lacks NPC sorting signals is sufficient for myogenesis, which suggests that Nup210 may operate within the nuclear envelope/ER lumen during differentiation. Previously, we identified the nucleoporin gp210/Nup210 as a critical regulator of muscle and neuronal differentiation, but how this nucleoporin exerts its function and whether it modulates nuclear pore complex (NPC) activity remain unknown. Here, we show that gp210/Nup210 mediates muscle cell differentiation in vitro via its conserved N-terminal domain that extends into the perinuclear space. Removal of the C-terminal domain, which partially mislocalizes gp210/Nup210 away from NPCs, efficiently rescues the differentiation defect caused by the knockdown of endogenous gp210/Nup210. Unexpectedly, a gp210/Nup210 mutant lacking the NPC-targeting transmembrane and C-terminal domains is sufficient for C2C12 myoblast differentiation. We demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-specific caspase cascade is exacerbated during Nup210 depletion and that blocking ER stress-mediated apoptosis rescues differentiation of Nup210-deficient cells. Our results suggest that the role of gp210/Nup210 in cell differentiation is mediated by its large luminal domain, which can act independently of NPC association and appears to play a pivotal role in the maintenance of nuclear envelope/ER homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Gomez-Cavazos
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kodiha M, Wang YM, Hutter E, Maysinger D, Stochaj U. Off to the organelles - killing cancer cells with targeted gold nanoparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:357-70. [PMID: 25699096 PMCID: PMC4329500 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are excellent tools for cancer cell imaging and basic research. However, they have yet to reach their full potential in the clinic. At present, we are only beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the biological effects of AuNPs, including the structural and functional changes of cancer cells. This knowledge is critical for two aspects of nanomedicine. First, it will define the AuNP-induced events at the subcellular and molecular level, thereby possibly identifying new targets for cancer treatment. Second, it could provide new strategies to improve AuNP-dependent cancer diagnosis and treatment. Our review summarizes the impact of AuNPs on selected subcellular organelles that are relevant to cancer therapy. We focus on the nucleus, its subcompartments, and mitochondria, because they are intimately linked to cancer cell survival, growth, proliferation and death. While non-targeted AuNPs can damage tumor cells, concentrating AuNPs in particular subcellular locations will likely improve tumor cell killing. Thus, it will increase cancer cell damage by photothermal ablation, mechanical injury or localized drug delivery. This concept is promising, but AuNPs have to overcome multiple hurdles to perform these tasks. AuNP size, morphology and surface modification are critical parameters for their delivery to organelles. Recent strategies explored all of these variables, and surface functionalization has become crucial to concentrate AuNPs in subcellular compartments. Here, we highlight the use of AuNPs to damage cancer cells and their organelles. We discuss current limitations of AuNP-based cancer research and conclude with future directions for AuNP-dependent cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nuclear lamina remodelling and its implications for human disease. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:621-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
50
|
Abstract
The nucleus is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells and often represents the largest organelle. Over the past decade, it has become apparent that the nucleus is tightly integrated into the structural network of the cell through so-called LINC (linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complexes, which enable transmission of forces between the nucleus and cytoskeleton. This physical connection between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton is essential for a broad range of cellular functions, including intracellular nuclear movement and positioning, cytoskeletal organization, cell polarization, and cell migration. Recent reports further indicate that forces transmitted from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus via the cytoskeleton may also directly contribute to the cell's ability to probe its mechanical environment by triggering force-induced changes in nuclear structures. In addition, it is now emerging that the physical properties of the nucleus play a crucial role during cell migration in three-dimensional (3D) environments, where cells often have to transit through narrow constrictions that are smaller than the nuclear diameter, e.g., during development, wound healing, or cancer metastasis. In this review, we provide a brief overview of how LINC complex proteins and lamins facilitate nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling, highlight recent findings regarding the role of the nucleus in cellular mechanotransduction and cell motility in 3D environments, and discuss how mutations and/or changes in the expression of these nuclear envelope proteins can result in a broad range of human diseases, including muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and premature aging.
Collapse
|