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Xu J, Wang X, Xu W, Zhang Y, Pan L, Gao J. The protective effect of S-adenosylmethionine on chronic adolescent stress-induced depression-like behaviors by regulating gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176939. [PMID: 39182548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy and tolerability of current antidepressants for adolescent depression are inadequate. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), known for its effectiveness and minimal side effects in adult depression, remains unstudied in adolescents. This study explored the potential of SAMe to address depression-like behaviors in juvenile rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), with a focus on gut microbiome interactions. Adolescent male Wistar rats were subjected to a 4-week CUMS regimen and received daily intraperitoneal injections of 300 mg/kg SAMe. Behavioral assessments included the sucrose preference test, elevated plus maze test, open field test, and Y-maze test. Histopathological changes of the hippocampus and colon were observed by Nissl staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. Gut microbiome composition was analyzed using Accurate 16S absolute quantification sequencing. The results showed that SAMe significantly improved behavioral outcomes, reduced histopathological damages in hippocampal neurons and colon tissues, and modulated the gut microbiota of depressed rats. It favorably altered the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, decreased the absolute abundance of Deferribacteres, and adjusted levels of key microbial genera associated with depression-like behaviors. These results suggested that SAMe could effectively counter depression-like behaviors in CUMS-exposed adolescent rats by mitigating hippocampal neuronal and colon damage and modulating the gut microbiota. This supports SAMe as a viable and tolerable treatment option for adolescent depression, highlighting the importance of the gut-brain axis in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Wangwang Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Liangke Pan
- Qingdao No.9 High School, Shandong Province, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China.
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Kamens HM, Anziano EK, Horton WJ, Cavigelli SA. Chronic Adolescent Restraint Stress Downregulates miRNA-200a Expression in Male and Female C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ Mice. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:873. [PMID: 39062652 PMCID: PMC11275362 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical developmental period when the brain is plastic, and stress exposure can have lasting physiological consequences. One mechanism through which adolescent stress may have lasting effects is by altering microRNAs (miRNAs), leading to wide-scale gene expression changes. Three prior independent studies used unbiased approaches (RNA sequencing or microarray) to identify miRNAs differentially expressed by chronic variable stress in male rodents. In all three studies, miRNA-200a was differentially expressed in areas of the brain associated with emotion regulation. The current study extends this research to determine if chronic non-variable adolescent stress downregulates miRNA-200a expression by looking at two strains (BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J) of male and female mice. We utilized a 14-day (2 h/day) restraint stress protocol and verified stress effects on adolescent body weight gain and circulating corticosterone concentrations relative to non-restraint controls. Mice were then left undisturbed until they were euthanized in adulthood, at which time brains were collected to measure miRNA-200a in the ventral hippocampus. Three weeks after adolescent stress ended, differences in body weight between groups were no longer significant; however, animals exposed to stress had less miRNA-200a expression in the ventral hippocampus than control animals. These data implicate miRNA-200a expression as a potential mechanism by which adolescent stress can have persistent impacts on multiple outcomes in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA (W.J.H.); (S.A.C.)
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Binder F, Koenig J, Resch F, Kaess M. Indicated Stress Prevention Addressing Adolescents with High Stress Levels Based on Principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2024; 93:191-202. [PMID: 38588654 PMCID: PMC11152027 DOI: 10.1159/000537934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress affects many adolescents and is associated with physical and mental health symptoms that can have a negative impact on normative development. However, there are very few evidence-based, specific treatment approaches. The aim of the study was to investigate an eight-session group intervention using components of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) enriched with elements of CBT (psychoeducation, problem solving) and art therapy, compared to a waitlist control (WLC) group, regarding its efficacy in reducing stress and associated symptoms. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial in eight cohorts. Eligible participants were 13-18 years old with elevated stress levels. Via block-randomization (n = 70), participants were allocated to receive ACT (n = 38) or WLC (n = 32) and subsequent ACT. We used a multimodal assessment (self-reports, interviews, ecological momentary assessment, physiological markers) before treatment (T1), after the training of the ACT group (T2) and after subsequent training in the WLC group (T3). Primary outcome was perceived stress at T2 assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale. The trial was preregistered at the German Clinical Trials Register (ID: DRKS00012778). RESULTS Results showed significantly lower levels of perceived stress in the ACT group at T2, illustrating superiority of ACT compared to WLC with a medium to large effect size (d = 0.77). Furthermore, the training was effective in the reduction of symptoms of school burnout and physical symptoms associated with stress. CONCLUSION Indicated prevention, especially when based on the principles of ACT and CBT, seems efficient in significantly decreasing stress in adolescents with increased stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Binder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Reguilón MD, Manzanedo C, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Stress inoculation during adolescence attenuates social stress-induced increase in ethanol intake in adult male mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 246:109838. [PMID: 38199295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Social stress exposure heightens the risk of substance abuse disorder development, especially when endured during adolescence, influencing long-term mental health. This study investigates early-life stress's potential to confer resilience against later-life stressors. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the impact of a single social defeat (SD) incident during adolescent mice's lives on subsequent voluntary ethanol consumption following repeated adult social stress exposure. Half of the adolescent mice experienced SD at postnatal day 28. Three weeks later (postnatal day 49), defeated groups encountered four confrontations with aggressive residents every 72 h, while control groups were exposed to non-resident exploration. A day after the last SD, defeated mice were classified as resilient or susceptible based on their response to a social interaction test (SIT), a model for depressive behavior. To assess ethanol consumption during young adulthood, researchers used the 'drinking in the dark' and oral ethanol self-administration paradigms. Stress inoculation (IS) slightly increased resilient animals in the SIT. In mice without IS exposure during adolescence, susceptible defeated mice displayed higher ethanol consumption and motivation than control and resilient mice. IS in adolescence effectively counteracted this effect, as IS-SD groups, whether resilient or susceptible, showed no increase in ethanol intake. These groups also exhibited similar motivation to control, measured by the progressive ratio. Notably, elevated IL-6 levels seen in SD-S mice were absent in IS-exposed mice. Additionally, IS-exposed groups had lower prefrontal cortex IL-6 and CX3CL1 levels. These findings support the hypothesis that IS, induced by moderate-intensity stress during adolescence, can enhance resilience to more severe stressors in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Reguilón
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzanedo
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Yu S, Zhao Y, Luo Q, Gu B, Wang X, Cheng J, Wang Z, Liu D, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Early life stress enhances the susceptibility to depression and interferes with neuroplasticity in the hippocampus of adolescent mice via regulating miR-34c-5p/SYT1 axis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:262-276. [PMID: 38181539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Early life events are major risk factors for the onset of depression and have long-term effects on the neurobiological changes and behavioral development of rodents. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms of early life adversity in the susceptibility to subsequent stress exposure in adolescence. This study characterized the effect of maternal separation (MS), an animal model of early life adversity, on the behavioral responses to restraint stress in mice during adolescence and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying behavioral vulnerability to chronic stress induced by MS. Our results showed that MS exposure could further reinforce the depressive vulnerability to restraint stress in adolescent mice. In addition, miR-34c-5p expression was obviously up-regulated in the hippocampi of MS mice at postnatal day (P) 14 and P42. Further, synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) was deemed as a target gene candidate of miR-34c-5p on the basis of dual luciferase assay. It was found that the downregulation of miR-34c-5p expression in the hippocampi of MS mice could ameliorate dysfunction of synaptic plasticity by targeting molecule SYT1, effects which were accompanied by alleviation of depressive and anxious behaviors in these mice. The results demonstrated that the miR-34c-5p/SYT1 pathway was involved in the susceptibility to depression induced by MS via regulating neuroplasticity in the hippocampi of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Heyn SA, Herringa RJ, Ersig AL. Differential Cortical Volume and Surface Morphometry in Youth With Chronic Health Conditions. Biol Res Nurs 2024; 26:115-124. [PMID: 37579190 PMCID: PMC10850874 DOI: 10.1177/10998004231195294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Up to 1 in 3 youth in the United States have a childhood-onset chronic health condition (CHC), which can lead to neurodevelopmental disruptions in cognitive functioning and brain structure. However, the nature and extent of structural neurobiomarkers that may be consistent across a broad spectrum of CHCs are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify potential differences in brain structure in youth with and without chronic physical health conditions (e.g., diabetes, hemophilia). Here, 49 T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were obtained from youth with (n = 26) and without (n = 23) CHCs. Images were preprocessed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to generate whole-brain voxel-wise gray matter volume maps and whole-brain extracted estimates of cortical surface area and cortical thickness. Multi-scanner harmonization was implemented on surface-based estimates and linear models were used to estimate significant main effects of the group. We detected widespread decreases in brain structure in youth with CHCs as compared to controls in regions of the prefrontal, cingulate, and visual association areas. The insula exhibited the opposite effect, with cases having increased surface area as compared to controls. To our knowledge, these findings identify a novel structural biomarker of childhood-onset CHCs, with consistent alterations identified in gray matter of regions in the prefrontal cortex and insula involved in emotion regulation and executive function. These findings, while exploratory, may reflect an impact of chronic health stress in the adolescent brain, and suggest that more comprehensive assessment of stress and neurodevelopment in youth with CHCs may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan J. Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne L. Ersig
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Ren W, Liang Z. Neighborhood deprivation and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: Mediated by parenting styles and moderated by relative family status. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:17-25. [PMID: 37633523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that neighborhood and family have a crucial impact on adolescent mental health. However, limited research has been conducted on the intersection between neighborhood and family and the mechanisms behind its influence. This study investigates the direct and indirect associations between neighborhood deprivation and adolescent depressive symptoms through parental responsiveness and demandingness. The heterogeneity of neighborhood effects, varying across different relative family statuses, is also discussed. METHODS Using a sample (n = 6775) from the two waves of the China Education Panel Survey, this study used moderated mediation analysis to analyze simultaneously the mediation roles of parental responsiveness and demandingness and the moderating effect of relative family status. RESULTS Neighborhood deprivation (W1) was positively associated with adolescent depressive symptoms (W2). Parental responsiveness (W2) rather than demandingness (W2) partially mediated the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and adolescent depression. Additionally, relative family status moderated the direct relationship between neighborhood deprivation and depression and the indirect relationship through parental responsiveness. LIMITATIONS First, Neighborhood deprivation in this study was self-reported. Second, relative family status was a single-item measure. Third, only family and neighborhood environments were discussed in this study. Finally, long-term changes in the mental health of adolescents in poor neighborhoods could not be captured in this study. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight that neighborhood deprivation and relative family status can influence adolescent mental health individually and intersectively. This study also contributes to a more nuanced understanding of parenting styles in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Ren
- Department of Sociology, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; National Experiment Base for Intelligent Social Governance on Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zurong Liang
- Department of Sociology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Osuna E, Herter-Aeberli I, Probst S, Emery S, Albermann M, Baumgartner N, Strumberger M, Ricci C, Schmeck K, Walitza S, Hersberger M, Zimmermann MB, Häberling I, Berger G, Baumgartner J. Associations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status and intake with paediatric major depressive disorder in Swiss adolescents: A case-control study. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:355-365. [PMID: 37437731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest a link between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake, n-3 PUFA status, and depression in adults, but studies in adolescents are scarce. This study aimed to determine associations of n-3 PUFA status and intake with paediatric major depressive disorder (pMDD) in Swiss adolescents. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study in 95 adolescents diagnosed with pMDD and 95 healthy controls aged 13 to <18 years. We analysed red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total FA). n-3 PUFA intake was assessed using a focused food frequency questionnaire and depression severity was assessed by the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). RESULTS Mean RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were lower in cases than controls (EPA: 0.41 ± 0.11 vs 0.46 ± 0.12, p < 0.001; DHA: 4.07 ± 1.04 vs 4.73 ± 1.04, p < 0.001). Subsequently, the mean RBC n-3 index was lower (4.51 ± 1.10 vs 5.20 ± 1.11, p < 0.001) and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio higher (5.51 ± 1.25 vs 4.96 ± 1.08, p < 0.001) in cases than controls. Adolescents with a higher n-3 index had lower odds for depression (OR = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.32-0.71]). In contrast, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with higher odds for depression (OR = 1.58 [95% CI: 1.14-2.25]). Intake of alpha-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA did not differ between cases and controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher RBC n-3 PUFA status during adolescence is associated with a lower risk for pMDD, whereas a higher n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio is associated with a higher risk for pMDD. Differences in n-3 PUFA intake did not explain the observed differences in n-3 PUFA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Osuna
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Probst
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Emery
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mona Albermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Baumgartner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Psychiatry St. Gallen, Wil, SG, Switzerland
| | - Michael Strumberger
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHER), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Häberling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Baumgartner
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Campos-Cardoso R, Novaes LS, Godoy LD, Dos Santos NB, Perfetto JG, Lazarini-Lopes W, Garcia-Cairasco N, Padovan CM, Munhoz CD. The resilience of adolescent male rats to acute stress-induced delayed anxiety is age-related and glucocorticoid release-dependent. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109385. [PMID: 36603798 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigated how stressful experiences modulate physiological and behavioral responses and the consequences of stress-induced corticosterone release in anxiety-like behavior. Adolescence is crucial to brain maturation, and several neurobiological changes in this period lead individuals to increased susceptibility or resilience to aversive situations. Despite the effects of stress in adults, information about adolescents' responses to acute stress is lacking. We aimed to understand how adolescence affects acute stress responses. Male adolescent rats (30 days old) were 2 h restrained, and anxiety-like behaviors were measured immediately or 10 days after stress in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and the light-dark box (LDB) tests. To verify the importance of CORT modulation in stress-induced anxiety, another group of rats was treated, 30 min before restraint, with metyrapone to blunt the stress-induced CORT peak and tested immediately after stress. To show that stress effects on behavior were age-dependent, another set of rats was tested in two different periods - early adolescence (30 days old) and mid-adolescence (40 days old) and were treated or not with metyrapone before the stress session and tested immediately or ten days later in the LDB test. Only early adolescent male rats were resilient to delayed anxiety-like behavior in EPM and LDB tests. Metyrapone treatment increased the rats' exploration immediately and ten days after stress. These data suggest a specific age at which adolescent rats are resilient to the delayed effects of acute restraint stress and that the metyrapone treatment has long-term behavioral consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Campos-Cardoso
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Brazil; Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santana Novaes
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Brazil
| | - Lívea Dornela Godoy
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Genaro Perfetto
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Brazil
| | - Willian Lazarini-Lopes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Padovan
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Brazil.
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A Literature Review on the Role of Hope in Promoting Positive Youth Development across Non-WEIRD Contexts. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020346. [PMID: 36832474 PMCID: PMC9955315 DOI: 10.3390/children10020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and empirical evidence has identified hope as a key adolescent strength that is linked to positive youth developmental outcomes. Although hope must be understood from a cultural lens, most of the evidence regarding adolescent hope is derived from samples of white youth from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations. Therefore, in order to have a more comprehensive and global understanding of the antecedents, outcomes, and processes of hope, we apply a positive youth development perspective in order to review the literature (N = 52 studies) on hope from diverse cultural and international contexts. In organizing the findings by global region, our review provides evidence of the shared function of hope in promoting positive youth developmental outcomes and the usefulness of the Child Hope Scale across contexts. Family and parental relationships were identified as key assets in promoting hope; however, there exists cultural and contextual variation in what aspects of these relationships promote hope. We conclude this review by considering the priorities for research, practice, and policy, based on these findings.
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Buhl C, Sfärlea A, Loechner J, Starman-Wöhrle K, Salemink E, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. Biased Maintenance of Attention on Sad Faces in Clinically Depressed Youth: An Eye-Tracking Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:189-201. [PMID: 34476682 PMCID: PMC9867681 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of negative attention biases (AB), central to cognitive models of adult depression, is yet unclear in youth depression. We investigated negative AB in depressed compared to healthy youth and tested whether AB are more pronounced in depressed than at-risk youth. Negative AB was assessed for sad and angry faces with an eye-tracking paradigm [Passive Viewing Task (PVT)] and a behavioural task [Visual Search Task (VST)], comparing three groups of 9-14-year-olds: youth with major depression (MD; n = 32), youth with depressed parents (high-risk; HR; n = 49) and youth with healthy parents (low-risk; LR; n = 42). The PVT revealed MD participants to maintain attention longer on sad faces compared to HR, but not LR participants. This AB correlated positively with depressive symptoms. The VST revealed no group differences. Our results provide preliminary evidence for a negative AB in maintenance of attention on disorder-specific emotional information in depressed compared to at-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Buhl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anca Sfärlea
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Loechner
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany ,grid.424214.50000 0001 1302 5619German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Kornelija Starman-Wöhrle
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elske Salemink
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
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12
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Cheng Q, Zhao G, Chen J, Deng Y, Xie L, Wang L. Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of adolescent dissociative symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20193. [PMID: 36418430 PMCID: PMC9684521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the differences between the prevalence and impact factors of adolescent dissociative symptoms (ADSs) by using sex-stratification during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A school-based, two-center cross-sectional study was conducted in Hangzhou City, China, between January 1, 2021 and April 30, 2022. The sample included 1,916 adolescents aged 13-18 years that were randomly selected using a multiphase, stratified, cluster sampling technique. A two-stage assessment procedure was used to find out the ADSs. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the impact factors of ADSs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The adolescent dissociative scores (t = 4.88, P < 0.001) and positive ADSs rate (Chi-square = 15.76, P < 0.001) in males were higher than in females. Gender-stratified, stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the conflict relationship of teacher-student [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.10], family expressiveness (AOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.98), family conflict (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.27), family organization (AOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-0.99), and family cohesion (AOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.99) were linked to ADSs only in males, while individual psychological states of somatic complaint (AOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08) and paranoid ideation (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.19) were associated with female ADSs only. The ADSs seemed to be prevalent in Hangzhou City, studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender differences in the prevalence and impact factors of dissociative symptoms seem to be significant among adolescents. Thus, gender-specific intervention programs against ADSs should be considered as reducing this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Cheng
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China ,grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Gang Zhao
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Junfang Chen
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Li Xie
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Le Wang
- grid.410735.40000 0004 1757 9725Division of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 568 Mingshi Road, Hangzhou, 310021 China
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13
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Catale C, Martini A, Piscitelli RM, Senzasono B, Iacono LL, Mercuri NB, Guatteo E, Carola V. Early-life social stress induces permanent alterations in plasticity and perineuronal nets in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5763-5783. [PMID: 36117291 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment disrupts trajectories of brain development, but the underlying pathways are unclear. Stressful stimuli in early life interfere with maturation of local inhibitory circuitry and deposition of perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix structures involved in the closure of critical periods of development. Alterations in cortical PNN and parvalbumin (PV) following early-life stress (ELS) have been detected in human and animal studies. Aberrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are the most consistent neuroimaging findings in maltreated people, but the molecular mechanisms linking ELS with ACC dysfunctions are unknown. Here, we employed a mouse model of early social threat to test whether ELS experienced in a sensitive period for ACC maturation could induce long-term aberrations of PNN and PV development in the ACC, with consequences on plasticity and ACC-dependent behavior. We found that ELS increased PNN but not PV expression in the ACC of young adult mice. This was associated with reduced frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents and long-term potentiation impairments and expression of intense object phobia. Our findings provide information on the long-term effects of ELS on ACC functionality and PNN formation and present evidence for a novel neurobiological pathway underlying the impact of early adversity on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Catale
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martini
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Piscitelli
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Lo Iacono
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Experimental Neurology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Division of Experimental Neuroscience, Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Burton BK, Hermida Á, Bélanger-Quintana A, Bell H, Bjoraker KJ, Christ SE, Grant ML, Harding CO, Huijbregts SCJ, Longo N, McNutt MC, Nguyen-Driver MD, Santos Pessoa AL, Rocha JC, Sacharow S, Sanchez-Valle A, Sivri HS, Vockley J, Walterfang M, Whittle S, Muntau AC. Management of early treated adolescents and young adults with phenylketonuria: Development of international consensus recommendations using a modified Delphi approach. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:114-126. [PMID: 36027720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) often become lost to follow-up from adolescence onwards due to the historical focus of PKU care on the pediatric population and lack of programs facilitating the transition to adulthood. As a result, evidence on the management of adolescents and young adults with PKU is limited. METHODS Two meetings were held with a multidisciplinary international panel of 25 experts in PKU and comorbidities frequently experienced by patients with PKU. Based on the outcomes of the first meeting, a set of statements were developed. During the second meeting, these statements were voted on for consensus generation (≥70% agreement), using a modified Delphi approach. RESULTS A total of 37 consensus recommendations were developed across five areas that were deemed important in the management of adolescents and young adults with PKU: (1) general physical health, (2) mental health and neurocognitive functioning, (3) blood Phe target range, (4) PKU-specific challenges, and (5) transition to adult care. The consensus recommendations reflect the personal opinions and experiences from the participating experts supported with evidence when available. Overall, clinicians managing adolescents and young adults with PKU should be aware of the wide variety of PKU-associated comorbidities, initiating screening at an early age. In addition, management of adolescents/young adults should be a joint effort between the patient, clinical center, and parents/caregivers supporting adolescents with gradually gaining independent control of their disease during the transition to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary international group of experts used a modified Delphi approach to develop a set of consensus recommendations with the aim of providing guidance and offering tools to clinics to aid with supporting adolescents and young adults with PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Burton
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Álvaro Hermida
- Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERER, MetabERN, Institute of Clinical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Heather Bell
- Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shawn E Christ
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mitzie L Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cary O Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Nicola Longo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Markey C McNutt
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mina D Nguyen-Driver
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - André L Santos Pessoa
- Pediatric Neurology Service, Albert Sabin Children's Hospital, University of Ceará State, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal; Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Sacharow
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amarilis Sanchez-Valle
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Serap Sivri
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Walterfang
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ania C Muntau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Sicher AR, Duerr A, Starnes WD, Crowley NA. Adolescent Alcohol and Stress Exposure Rewires Key Cortical Neurocircuitry. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:896880. [PMID: 35655755 PMCID: PMC9152326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.896880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adolescence is a period of development characterized by wide ranging emotions and behavioral risk taking, including binge drinking (Konrad et al., 2013). These behavioral manifestations of adolescence are complemented by growth in the neuroarchitecture of the brain, including synaptic pruning (Spear, 2013) and increases in overall white matter volume (Perrin et al., 2008). During this period of profound physiological maturation, the adolescent brain has a unique vulnerability to negative perturbations. Alcohol consumption and stress exposure, both of which are heightened during adolescence, can individually and synergistically alter these neurodevelopmental trajectories in positive and negative ways (conferring both resiliency and susceptibility) and influence already changing neurotransmitter systems and circuits. Importantly, the literature is rapidly changing and evolving in our understanding of basal sex differences in the brain, as well as the interaction between biological sex and life experiences. The animal literature provides the distinctive opportunity to explore sex-specific stress- and alcohol- induced changes in neurocircuits on a relatively rapid time scale. In addition, animal models allow for the investigation of individual neurons and signaling molecules otherwise inaccessible in the human brain. Here, we review the human and rodent literature with a focus on cortical development, neurotransmitters, peptides, and steroids, to characterize the field's current understanding of the interaction between adolescence, biological sex, and exposure to stress and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery R. Sicher
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Arielle Duerr
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - William D. Starnes
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nicole A. Crowley
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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16
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Kim S, Gacek SA, Mocchi MM, Redei EE. Sex-Specific Behavioral Response to Early Adolescent Stress in the Genetically More Stress-Reactive Wistar Kyoto More Immobile, and Its Nearly Isogenic Wistar Kyoto Less Immobile Control Strain. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:779036. [PMID: 34970127 PMCID: PMC8713037 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.779036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and environmental stress are known etiologies of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Environmental stress during adolescence is assumed to be particularly detrimental for adult affective behaviors. To investigate how genetic stress-reactivity differences modify the effects of stress during adolescence on adult affective behaviors we employed two inbred strains with differing stress reactivity. The Wistar Kyoto More Immobile (WMI) rat strain show increased stress-reactivity and despair-like behaviors as well as passive coping compared to the nearly isogenic control strain, the Wistar Kyoto Less Immobile (WLI). Males and females of these strains were exposed to contextual fear conditioning (CFC) during early adolescence (EA), between 32 and 34 postnatal days (PND), and were tested for the consequences of this mild EA stress in adulthood. Early adolescent stress significantly decreased anxiety-like behavior, measured in the open field test (OFT) and increased social interaction and recognition in adult males of both strains compared to controls. In contrast, no significant effects of EA stress were observed in adult females in these behaviors. Both males and females of the genetically less stress-reactive WLI strain showed significantly increased immobility in the forced swim test (FST) after EA stress compared to controls. In contrast, immobility was significantly attenuated by EA stress in adult WMI females compared to controls. Transcriptomic changes of the glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1, GR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) illuminate primarily strain and stress-dependent changes, respectively, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adults. These results suggest that contrary to expectations, limited adolescent stress is beneficial to males thru decreasing anxiety and enhancing social behaviors, and to the stress more-reactive WMI females by way of decreasing passive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie A Gacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madaline M Mocchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Van Hees L, Didone V, Charlet‐Briart M, Van Ingelgom T, Alexandre A, Quertemont E, Nguyen L, Laguesse S. Voluntary alcohol binge-drinking in adolescent C57Bl6 mice induces delayed appearance of behavioural defects in both males and females. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13102. [PMID: 34611982 PMCID: PMC9285796 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by significant changes in brain architecture and behaviour. The immaturity of the adolescent brain is associated with heightened vulnerability to exogenous agents, including alcohol. Alcohol is the most consumed drug among teenagers, and binge‐drinking during adolescence is a major public health concern. Studies have suggested that adolescent alcohol exposure may interfere with the maturation of frontal brain regions and lead to long‐lasting behavioural consequences. In this study, by using a slightly modified version of the Drinking in the Dark paradigm, adolescent C57Bl6 mice reach high blood alcohol concentration after voluntary binge‐drinking. In order to assess short‐ and long‐term consequences of adolescent alcohol exposure (AAE), a battery of behavioural tests was performed during late adolescence and during adulthood. We showed that AAE had no short‐term effect on young mice behaviour but rather increased anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviours, as well as alcohol consumption during adulthood. Moreover, alcohol binge‐drinking during adolescence dramatically decreased recognition memory performances and behavioural flexibility in both adult males and females. Furthermore, we showed that voluntary consumption of alcohol during adolescence did not trigger any major activation of the innate immune system in the prefrontal cortex. Together, our data suggest that voluntary alcohol binge‐drinking in adolescent mice induces a delayed appearance of behavioural impairments in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Van Hees
- GIGA‐Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA‐R) University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Vincent Didone
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Animal models of cognition University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Manon Charlet‐Briart
- GIGA‐Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA‐R) University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Théo Van Ingelgom
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Animal models of cognition University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Alysson Alexandre
- GIGA‐Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA‐R) University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Etienne Quertemont
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Animal models of cognition University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA‐Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA‐R) University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Sophie Laguesse
- GIGA‐Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA‐R) University of Liège Liège Belgium
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18
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Fung MH, Taylor BK, Embury CM, Spooner RK, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Frenzel MR, Badura-Brack AS, White SF, Wilson TW. Cortisol changes in healthy children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress 2022; 25:323-330. [PMID: 36168664 PMCID: PMC9744629 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2125798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused massive disruptions to daily life in the United States, closing schools and businesses and increasing physical and social isolation, leading to deteriorations in mental health and well-being in people of all ages. Many studies have linked chronic stress with long-term changes in cortisol secretion, which has been implicated in many stress-related physical and mental health problems that commonly emerge in adolescence. However, the physiological consequences of the pandemic in youth remain understudied. Using hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), we quantified average longitudinal changes in cortisol secretion across a four-month period capturing before, during, and after the transition to pandemic-lockdown conditions in a sample of healthy youth (n = 49). Longitudinal changes in HCC were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Perceived levels of pandemic-related stress were measured and compared to the physiological changes in HCC. In children and adolescents, cortisol levels significantly increased across the course of the pandemic. These youth reported a multitude of stressors during this time, although changes in HCC were not associated with self-reported levels of COVID-19-related distress. We provide evidence that youth are experiencing significant physiological changes in cortisol activity across the COVID-19 pandemic, yet these biological responses are not associated with perceived stress levels. Youth may be especially vulnerable to the deleterious impacts of chronic cortisol exposure due to their current status in the sensitive periods for development, and the incongruency between biological and psychological stress responses may further complicate these developmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison H. Fung
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K. Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christine M. Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rachel K. Spooner
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michaela R. Frenzel
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Stuart F. White
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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19
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Zhao M, Zhu Z, Li H, Wang W, Cheng S, Qin X, Wu H, Liu D, Pan F. Effects of traumatic stress in adolescence on PTSD-like behaviors, dendrite development, and H3K9me2/BDNF expression in the amygdala of male rats. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:388-399. [PMID: 34619155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early detrimental experiences increase the risk of psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a previous experiment, we demonstrated that traumatic stress in adolescence triggers changes in the expression of the epigenetic marker H3K9me2 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adolescent and adult rats, which suppresses transcription of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene that promotes dendrite development and synaptic growth. However, corresponding changes in the amygdala in response to traumatic stress in early life have not yet been fully elucidated. In the current study, we used the inescapable foot shock (IFS) procedure to establish a PTSD model. Half an hour after the end of electric shocks, intraperitoneal injection of the G9a enzyme inhibitor Unc0642, a small molecule inhibitor of EHMT2 that can decrease H3K9me2 expression, was applied to reverse the corresponding epigenetic changes. Exploratory behaviors, anxiety-like behavior, social communication ability, spatial exploration and memory were determined using the open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) test, three-chamber sociability test (SIT), Morris water maze (MWM) test, and Y maze test (YMZ), respectively. Additionally, the levels of H3K9me2 and BDNF were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Furthermore, neuronal development was examined using Golgi staining. The results showed that the IFS procedure induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, social skills dysfunction, and spatial exploration and memory disorders. It also decreased the mRNA expression of BDNF and BDNF and increased the expression of H3K9me2 in the amygdala. More importantly, compared to unstressed animals, traumatic stress during adolescence induced dendrite maldevelopment in adolescent and adult rats. In summary, the present study indicates that early-life stress alters the epigenetic marker expression of H3K9me2 and decreases levels of BDNF in the amygdala, resulting in dendrite maldevelopment and a higher risk of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zemeng Zhu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Shuyue Cheng
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaqing Qin
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Huiran Wu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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20
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Siska F, Amchova P, Kuruczova D, Tizabi Y, Ruda-Kucerova J. Effects of low-dose alcohol exposure in adolescence on subsequent alcohol drinking in adulthood in a rat model of depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:757-769. [PMID: 33821763 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1907717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescence drinking and subsequent development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a worldwide health concern. In particular, mood dysregulation or early alcohol exposure can be the cause of heavy drinking in some individuals or a consequence of heavy drinking in others. METHODS This study investigated the effects of voluntary alcohol intake during adolescence, i.e. continuous 10% alcohol access between postnatal days (PND) 29 to 43 and olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) model of depression (performed on PND 59) on alcohol drinking in Wistar rats during adulthood (PND 80-120, intermittent 20% alcohol access). In addition, the effect of NBQX, an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist (5 mg/kg, IP) on spontaneous alcohol consumption was examined. RESULTS Rats exposed to 10% alcohol during adolescence exhibited a lower 20% alcohol intake in the intermittent paradigm during adulthood, while the OBX-induced phenotype did not exert a significant effect on the drinking behaviour. NBQX exerted a transient reduction on alcohol intake in the OBX rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that exposure to alcohol during adolescence can affect alcohol drinking in adulthood and that further exploration of AMPA and/or kainate receptor antagonists in co-morbid alcoholism-depression is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Siska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Amchova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kuruczova
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Ferber SG, Braun K, Weller A. The roots of paternal depression: Experienced and nonexperienced trauma or Folie a Deux? Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22197. [PMID: 34674247 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transition to fatherhood may be challenged with anxiety and trepidation. A high prevalence has been found for paternal depression and it is reactive to maternal depression. This review aims to address potential sources of paternal depression, which may have adverse consequences on child development. We describe through three hypotheses how fathers may be at risk of depression during the transition to fatherhood: (1) psychological (interacting with ecological systems); (2) brain functional∖structural changes; and (3) (epi)genomic. We propose that paternal stressful experiences during the transition to fatherhood may be the source for paternal depression through direct stressful paternal experiences or via (potential, currently debated) nonexperienced (by the father) epigenomic transgenerational transmission. On the other hand, we suggest that resilient fathers may undergo a transient dysphoric period affected by identifying with the newborn's vulnerability as well as with the mother's postpartum vulnerability resulting in "paternity blues." In accordance with recent views on paternal "heightened sensitivity" toward the infant, we propose that the identification of both parents with the vulnerability of the newborn creates a sensitive period of Folie a Deux (shared madness) which may be a healthy transient, albeit a quasi-pathological period, recruited by the orienting response of the newborn for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral and Brain Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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22
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White GE, Caterini JE, McCann V, Rendall K, Nathan PC, Rhind SG, Jones H, Wells GD. The Psychoneuroimmunology of Stress Regulation in Pediatric Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4684. [PMID: 34572911 PMCID: PMC8468382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a ubiquitous experience that can be adaptive or maladaptive. Physiological stress regulation, or allostasis, can be disrupted at any point along the regulatory pathway resulting in adverse effects for the individual. Children with cancer exhibit significant changes to these pathways in line with stress dysregulation and long-term effects similar to those observed in other early-life stress populations, which are thought to be, in part, a result of cytotoxic cancer treatments. Children with cancer may have disruption to several steps in the stress-regulatory pathway including cognitive-affective function, neurological disruption to stress regulatory brain regions, altered adrenal and endocrine function, and disrupted tissue integrity, as well as lower engagement in positive coping behaviours such as physical activity and pro-social habits. To date, there has been minimal study of stress reactivity patterns in childhood illness populations. Nor has the role of stress regulation in long-term health and function been elucidated. We conclude that consideration of stress regulation in childhood cancer may be crucial in understanding and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E. White
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (G.E.W.); (J.E.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Jessica E. Caterini
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (G.E.W.); (J.E.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Victoria McCann
- School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Kate Rendall
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (G.E.W.); (J.E.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Paul C. Nathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (P.C.N.); (H.J.)
| | - Shawn G. Rhind
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON M3K 2C9, Canada;
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - Heather Jones
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (P.C.N.); (H.J.)
| | - Greg D. Wells
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (G.E.W.); (J.E.C.); (K.R.)
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23
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Morin A, Poitras M, Plamondon H. Global cerebral ischemia in adolescent male Long Evans rats: Effects of vanillic acid supplementation on stress response, emotionality, and visuospatial memory. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113403. [PMID: 34090940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The developmental period is critical in delineating plastic response to internal and external events. However, neurobehavioural effects of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in the maturing brain remain largely unknown. This study characterised the effects of GCI experienced at puberty on adulthood (1) hippocampus CA1 neuronal damage, (2) cognitive and emotional impairments, and (3) glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. Effects of adolescent exposure to the phenol vanillic acid (VA) on post-ischemic outcomes were also determined. Male Long Evans rats (n = 35) were supplemented for 21 consecutive days (postnatal days 33-53) with VA (91 mg/kg) or nut paste vehicle (control) prior to a 10-min GCI or sham surgery. As adults, rats were tested in the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM), and Barnes Maze (BM). GR expression was determined in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), CA1, and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and brain injury assessed via CA1 neuronal density. Adolescent GCI exposure induced extensive hippocampal CA1 injury, which was not prevented by VA supplementation. Behaviourally, GCI increased EPM exploration while having no impact on spatial memory. VA intake increased OFT peripheral exploration. Notably, while no delayed changes in CA1 and PVN GR immunoreactivity were noted, both treatments separately increased BLA GR expression when compared with sham-nut paste rats. Age at GCI occurrence plays a critical role on post-ischemic impairments. The observation of minimal functional impairments despite important CA1 neuronal damage supports use of compensatory mechanisms. Our findings also show daily VA supplementation during adolescence to have no protective effects on post-ischemic outcomes, contrasting adult intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morin
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Marilou Poitras
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Fan Z, Chen J, Li L, Wang H, Gong X, Xu H, Wu L, Yan C. Environmental enrichment modulates HPA axis reprogramming in adult male rats exposed to early adolescent stress. Neurosci Res 2021; 172:63-72. [PMID: 33901553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to early stressful events increases susceptibility to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood, in which the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a crucial role. Studies have found that environmental enrichment (EE) mitigates the detrimental outcomes of early adversity. However, the HPA-related mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used the single prolonged stress (SPS) paradigm to explore the long-term effects of early adolescent stress on behavior, HPA axis activity, as well as expression levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRF1R) and CRF2R in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Meanwhile, the protective effects of EE intervention were examined. We found that adult male rats exposed to adolescent stress showed reduced locomotor activity, increased anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced contextual fear memory, elevated basal plasma ACTH levels, and enhanced HPA negative feedback inhibition, as indicated by decreased plasma ACTH levels in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Furthermore, EE normalized the behavioral abnormalities and enhanced HPA negative feedback in stressed rats, possibly through down-regulating GR expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. These findings suggested that EE could ameliorate adolescent stress-induced PTSD-like behaviors and aberrant reprogramming of the HPA axis, reducing the risk of developing PTSD in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Fan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiayu Gong
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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25
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Wu R, Wu X, Li S, Li G, Jiang Z, Zhong H, Wang B, Yang S, Wei W. Predator odor exposure increases social contact in adolescents and parental behavior in adulthood in Brandt's voles. Behav Processes 2021; 186:104372. [PMID: 33667486 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that predation risk during adolescence can program adult stress response and emotional behavior; however, little is known about the short-term and lasting residual effects of this experience on social behavior. We explored this concept in social Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Adolescent male and female voles were exposed to distilled water, rabbit urine (as a non-predator stimulus), and cat urine for 60 min daily from postnatal day (PND) 28-49. Social play tests were conducted immediately following exposure on PND 28, 35, 42, and 49. In the social play test, repeated cat odor (CO) exposure enhanced the contact behavior of voles with their cagemate. Adolescent exposure to CO did not affect behavioral responses toward unrelated pups in the alloparental behavior test or same-sex individuals in the social interaction test. However, exposure to CO significantly enhanced the licking/grooming behavior of voles towards their own pups in the home cage parental behavior test. Repeated CO exposure significantly inhibited weight gain in male voles during adolescence. This effect was transmitted to the next generation, with lower weight gain in offspring before weaning. Following repeated CO exposure, males tended to have more female offspring whereas females produced more offspring, suggesting an adaptive strategy to increase inclusive fitness under predatory risk. These findings demonstrate that adolescent exposure to predatory risk augments adolescent social contact and adult parental behavior and suggest a role for improved inclusive fitness in mediating long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Wu
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Guran Li
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ziyi Jiang
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Haocheng Zhong
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Arts and Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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26
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The acute effects of multiple doses of methamphetamine on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent and adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113186. [PMID: 33607162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychomotor stimulant drug. Research has shown that the acute effects of MA can be modulated by age, although previous findings from our lab do not find age differences in the effects of MA. Relatively little research has examined the effects of adolescent MA exposure; thus, it is important to understand how MA affects adolescent behavior and brain function compared to adults. In order to better understand the age differences in the effects of acute MA exposure, this research examined the effects of MA exposure on locomotor and anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone levels in adolescent and adult C57BL/6 J mice. Mice were exposed to saline, 2 mg/kg MA, or 4 mg/kg MA and behavior was measured in the open field test. Immediately following behavioral testing, serum was collected, and plasma corticosterone levels were measured. MA-exposed mice showed increased locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior compared to saline controls, regardless of age and dose of MA. However, adolescent mice showed the greatest locomotor response to the high dose of MA (4 mg/kg), whereas the adult mice showed the greatest locomotor response to the low dose of MA (2 mg/kg). There were no differences in stereotyped behavior between the adolescent and adult mice exposed to the low dose of MA (2 mg/kg) and the high dose of MA (4 mg/kg). There was no effect of MA exposure on plasma corticosterone levels. These data suggest age modulates the locomotor response to MA and further research is warranted to determine the developmental neurobiological mechanism underlying the dose-response age differences in the response to acute MA exposure.
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Verdon M, Rawnsley R. The Effects of Dairy Heifer Age at Training on Rate of Learning and Retention of Learning in a Virtual Fencing Feed Attractant Trial. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2020.618070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of factors that influence learning of cattle with respect to new virtual fencing technology is required to inform the development of best practice training protocols and guide the introduction of the technology to naïve dairy cattle. This experiment examined the effect of age on (1) the efficiency of associative pairing of audio and electrical stimuli in dairy heifers and (2) the retention of this associative pairing over a long period of time without use. Fifty-nine Holstein dairy heifers were used in feed attractant trials where audio cues and electrical stimuli were delivered through manually controlled training collars. Heifers were allocated to four treatments that differed in the age at which naïve animals underwent training; these were 6-months (“6M”; n = 15), 9-months (“9M”; n = 15), 12-months (“12M”; n = 15), or 22-months of age (“22M”; n = 14). Animals in the 6, 9, and 12M treatments underwent a second round of training at 22-months of age (i.e., at the same time as naïve 22M heifers). Heifers received an audio stimulus (2 s; 84 dB) when they breached a virtual fence after which a short electrical stimulus (0.5 s; 3 V, 120 mW) was administered if they continued to move forward. If the animal stopped moving forward no further stimuli were applied. There were no effects of age treatment on the total number of interactions with the virtual fence (P > 0.05). During initial training, 22M heifers received a lower proportion of electrical stimuli (i.e., responded to audio without requiring the electrical stimulus; P < 0.001) and more frequently stopped walking (P = 0.01) and turned back (P = 0.008) following administration of the audio cue compared to younger heifers. Previous training at an early age did not improve the responsiveness of heifers to virtual fencing when re-trained at 22-months of age (P > 0.05). We conclude that dairy heifers should be trained to virtual fencing technology close to calving age rather than earlier in their ontogeny and that stock be re-trained following an extended period without virtual fencing technology.
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[Indicated Stress Prevention for Adolescents in the Group Setting - A manual based on Acceptance- and Commitment-Therapy]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2020; 69:183-202. [PMID: 32394825 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2020.69.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Indicated Stress Prevention for Adolescents in the Group Setting - A manual based on Acceptance- and Commitment-Therapy Stress in adolescence has become a topic of interest in recent years. Long-term exposure to stress can play a significant role in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. Previous studies have shown that especially the more severely stressed adolescents benefit from targeted interventions. However, evidence-based treatment concepts targeting this group are scarce. In this article we introduce the first German-language treatment manual for indicated stress prevention, addressing adolescents based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT is part of the third wave of behavioral therapies, designed for treatment across disorders, which makes it suitable for the treatment of chronic stress symptoms. Previous studies show good efficacy of the ACT-approach in the treatment of adult stress and first promising successes in treatment of adolescents in non-German-speaking countries. The focus of our training lies in practical exercises based on ACT which are conveyed by the use of metaphors, art therapy techniques, role plays and group discussions. The concept is complemented by psychoeducation on stress, mindfulness exercises and training in problem solving. Worksheets and tasks for the week facilitate the transfer into everyday life. Alongside the presentation of the treatment manual, first experiences in the implementation of the program are discussed.
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Sibley MH, Ortiz M, Graziano P, Dick A, Estrada E. Metacognitive and motivation deficits, exposure to trauma, and high parental demands characterize adolescents with late-onset ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:537-548. [PMID: 31388765 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate support for three hypotheses about the etiology of adolescent-onset ADHD symptoms: (1) a "cool" cognitive load hypothesis, (2) a "hot" rewards processing hypothesis, and (3) a trauma exposure hypothesis. Participants (N = 50) were drawn from two public high schools in a culturally diverse metropolitan area. A detailed procedure for identifying and confirming late-onset ADHD cases is described. Adolescents with late-onset ADHD (n = 15) were identified and compared to childhood-onset (n = 17) and non-ADHD classmates (n = 18). Adolescents and parents completed measures of neurocognition, rewards' processing, clinical profile, and environmental demands. Late-onset cases were clinically and neurocognitively indistinguishable from childhood-onset cases; however, they experienced higher demands from parents (d = 1.09). Compared to the non-ADHD group, late-onset cases showed significant deficits in metacognition (d = 1.25) and academic motivation (d = 0.80), as well as a pronounced history of multiple trauma exposure (OR 11.82). At 1-year follow-up, ADHD persisted in 67.7% of late-onset cases. Late-onset cases (26.7%) were more likely than childhood-onset cases (0.0%) to transfer to alternative schools by 1-year follow-up. Multiple factors may contribute to adolescent-onset ADHD. Adolescents with metacognition and motivation deficits may be at greatest risk for the late-onset ADHD phenotype, particularly in highly demanding environments. Exposure to traumatic stress may play a key role in the exacerbation of existing deficits or onset of new symptoms. Late-onset ADHD was persistent in most cases and associated with higher risk for school disengagement than childhood-onset ADHD. Further work is needed to better understand the etiologies of late-onset ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Sibley
- Florida International University, Miami, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Hospital, 2001 8th Ave., Suite 400, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA.
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Allen L, Dwivedi Y. MicroRNA mediators of early life stress vulnerability to depression and suicidal behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:308-320. [PMID: 31740756 PMCID: PMC6974433 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Childhood environment can have a profound impact on brain structure and function. Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to play a critical role in adaptive and maladaptive processes by regulating gene expression without changing the genome. Over the past few years, early life stress (ELS) has been established as a major risk factor for major depression and suicidal behavior along with other psychiatric illnesses in adulthood. In recent years, the emergence of small noncoding RNAs as a mega controller of gene expression has gained attention for their role in various disease processes. Among various noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most studied and well characterized and have emerged as a major regulator of neural plasticity and higher brain functioning. More recently, although limited in number, studies are focusing on how miRNAs can play a role in the maladaptive processes associated with ELS both at adolescent and adult age and whether these processes are critical in developing depression and suicidal behavior. In this review, we critically evaluate how postnatal ELS relates to abnormalities in miRNA expression and functions from both animal and human literature and draw connections from these findings to depression and suicidal behavior later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Allen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Adolescent stress increases depression-like behaviors and alters the excitatory-inhibitory balance in aged mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:1689-1699. [PMID: 31268909 PMCID: PMC6759106 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression affects approximately 5% of elderly people and its etiology might be related to chronic stress exposure during neurodevelopmental periods. In this study, we examined the effects of adolescent chronic social stress in aged mice on depressive behaviors and the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in stress-sensitive regions of the brain. Methods: Sixty-four adolescent, male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either the 7-week (from post-natal days 29 to 77) social instability stress (stress group, n = 32) or normal housing conditions (control group, n = 32). At 15 months of age, 16 mice were randomly selected from each group for a series of behavioral tests, including two depression-related tasks (the sucrose preference test and the tail suspension test). Three days following the last behavioral test, eight mice were randomly selected from each group for immunohistochemical analyses to measure the cell density of parvalbumin (PV+)- and calretinin (CR+)-positive gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory inter-neurons, and the expression levels of vesicular transporters of glutamate-1 (VGluT1) and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) in three stress-sensitive regions of the brain (the medial pre-frontal cortex [mPFC], hippocampus, and amygdala). Results: Behaviorally, compared with the control group, adolescent chronic stress increased depression-like behaviors as shown in decreased sucrose preference (54.96 ± 1.97% vs. 43.11 ± 2.85%, t(22) = 3.417, P = 0.003) and reduced latency to immobility in the tail suspension test (92.77 ± 25.08 s vs. 33.14 ± 5.95 s, t(25) = 2.394, P = 0.025), but did not affect anxiety-like behaviors and pre-pulse inhibition. At the neurobiologic level, adolescent stress down-regulated PV+, not CR+, inter-neuron density in the mPFC (F(1, 39) = 19.30, P < 0.001), and hippocampus (F(1, 42) = 5.823, P = 0.020) and altered the CR+, not PV+, inter-neuron density in the amygdala (F(1, 28) = 23.16, P < 0.001). The VGluT1/VGAT ratio was decreased in all three regions (all F > 10.09, all P < 0.004), which suggests stress-induced hypoexcitability in these regions. Conclusions: Chronic stress during adolescence increased depression-like behaviors in aged mice, which may be associated with the E/I imbalance in stress-sensitive brain regions.
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Bussone S, Iacono LL. The “systems approach” to treating the brain: opportunities in developmental psychopharmacology. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 31636495 PMCID: PMC6787541 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.2/lloiacono] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The significance of early life for the long-term programming of mental health is
increasingly being recognized. However, most psychotropic medications are
currently intended for adult patients, and early psychopharmacological
approaches aimed at reverting aberrant neurodevelopmental trajectories are
missing. Psychopharmacologic intervention at an early age faces the challenge of
operating in a highly plastic system and requires a comprehensive knowledge of
neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Recently the systems biology approach has
contributed to the understanding of neuroplasticity mechanisms from a new
perspective that interprets them as the result of complex and dynamic networks
of signals from different systems. This approach is creating opportunities for
developmental psychopharmacology, suggesting novel targets that can modulate the
course of development by interfering with neuroplasticity at an early age. We
will discuss two interconnected systems—the immune and gut microbiota—that
regulate neurodevelopment and that have been implicated in preclinical research
as new targets in the prevention of aberrant brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bussone
- Author affiliations: PhD student, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy (Silvia Bussone); Senior researcher, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy (Luisa Lo Iacono). Address for correspondence: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy. (e-mail: )
| | - Luisa Lo Iacono
- Author affiliations: PhD student, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via degli Apuli, 1, 00185, Rome, Italy (Silvia Bussone); Senior researcher, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy (Luisa Lo Iacono). Address for correspondence: IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy. (e-mail: )
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Sill J, Popov T, Schauer M, Elbert T. Rapid brain responses to affective pictures indicate dimensions of trauma-related psychopathology in adolescents. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13353. [PMID: 30807662 PMCID: PMC6991163 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of mental disorders are related to deviant brain activity, but these neural alterations do not validate psychiatric diagnostic categories. High symptom overlap and variable symptom patterns encourage a dimensional approach. Following the logic of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), we investigated trauma survivors for symptom clusters that might be associated with characteristics of ERPs, in particular with the early posterior negativity (EPN) elicited during affective picture processing. In rapid serial visual presentation, 90 adolescents (40 male/50 female, age M = 15.0 ± 2.5 years) who had been exposed to varying amounts of traumatic stress passively viewed a stream of high‐arousing positive and low‐arousing neutral pictures taken from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Using standardized interviews, symptoms of trauma‐related mental disorders were assessed (including those for PTSD, depression, borderline personality disorder, and behavioral problems). A principal component analysis was performed to derive potential dimensions of psychopathology. Multiple regression analysis confirmed a factor comprising problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust as a predictor of a larger EPN difference between high‐arousing positive and low‐arousing neutral IAPS pictures (β = 0.19, p < 0.05). Sex predicted the magnitude of the EPN (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Male adolescents displayed a stronger EPN suppression than female adolescents. The result suggests that problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust seem to be trans‐diagnostic elements related to diminished early emotional discrimination represented by the EPN. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the EPN in response to emotional processing is modulated by sex. Based on the RDoC heuristic, symptom clusters that may be associated with the early posterior negativity (EPN) elicited during affective picture processing were investigated in youth trauma survivors. Analysis confirmed a factor comprising problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust as a predictor of a larger EPN difference between high arousing positive and low arousing neutral IAPS pictures using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The EPN component was also modulated by sex. The findings also extend those of prior research on emotional processing confirming that EPN suppression can also be found in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sill
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tzvetan Popov
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maggie Schauer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Elbert
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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