1
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Zheng C, Yong Y, Wang Q, Lin Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, He C. Removal of Pb(II) by lignin-sodium alginate composite in a fixed-bed column. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:681-694. [PMID: 36052504 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2119609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A kind of adsorbent (Hydrogel-I) derived from sodium alginate and modified alkaline lignin (MAL) has been proved to possess a good adsorption performance for Pb(II)-loaded wastewater based on batch experiments. However, practical removal of Pb(II)-loaded-wastewater is a continuous and dynamic process. Herein, Hydrogel-I was further evaluated by packing it into a fixed-bed column. The breakthrough curves were established under different inflow rates (0.159-0.318 L/min), inflow directions (down-inflow mode and top-inflow mode), initial concentrations (5-20 mg/L) of Pb(II), and bed depths (20-60 cm). The results indicated that the slower inflow rate (0.159 L/min), down-inflow mode, lower initial concentration (5 mg/L), and higher bed depth (60 cm) prolonged breakthrough times (tb) and saturation times (ts). Compared to the top-inflow mode, the down-inflow mode guaranteed enough contact between Hydrogel-I and Pb(II). The values of adsorption capacity at tb, ts, and the removal efficiency under the down-inflow mode were higher than that under top-inflow mode by 2.33, 0.78, and 0.07 times, respectively. Hydrogel-I beads exhibited better adsorption performance than other adsorbents by comparing the rate constant (kAB) and the adsorption capacity (N0). The kAB and N0 of Hydrogel-I beads were calculated to be 0.0034 L/(mg·min-1) and 678 mg/L. Hydrogel-I beads showed good regeneration ability in a three-adsorption-desorption cycle. Meanwhile, FT-IR analysis showed that the groups of -NH/-NH2, C=S, and C-S were proved to be the adsorption sites. This study could prove valuable insight into the practical application of Hydrogel-I for dynamic removal of Pb(II) in an inflow-through column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Yong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaorui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishen Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Resource and Environment, Baoshan University, Baoshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Resource and Environment, Baoshan University, Baoshan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Joseph TM, Al-Hazmi HE, Śniatała B, Esmaeili A, Habibzadeh S. Nanoparticles and nanofiltration for wastewater treatment: From polluted to fresh water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117114. [PMID: 37716387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution poses significant threats to both ecosystems and human health. Mitigating this issue requires effective treatment of domestic wastewater to convert waste into bio-fertilizers and gas. Neglecting liquid waste treatment carries severe consequences for health and the environment. This review focuses on intelligent technologies for water and wastewater treatment, targeting waterborne diseases. It covers pollution prevention and purification methods, including hydrotherapy, membrane filtration, mechanical filters, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and copper-zinc cleaning. The article also highlights domestic purification, field techniques, heavy metal removal, and emerging technologies like nanochips, graphene, nanofiltration, atmospheric water generation, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)-based cleaning. Emphasizing water cleaning's significance for ecosystem protection and human health, the review discusses pollution challenges and explores the integration of wastewater treatment, coagulant processes, and nanoparticle utilization in management. It advocates collaborative efforts and innovative research for freshwater preservation and pollution mitigation. Innovative biological systems, combined with filtration, disinfection, and membranes, can elevate recovery rates by up to 90%, surpassing individual primary (<10%) or biological methods (≤50%). Advanced treatment methods can achieve up to 95% water recovery, exceeding UN goals for clean water and sanitation (Goal 6). This progress aligns with climate action objectives and safeguards vital water-rich habitats (Goal 13). The future holds promise with advanced purification techniques enhancing water quality and availability, underscoring the need for responsible water conservation and management for a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomy Muringayil Joseph
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Bogna Śniatała
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Amin Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering Technology, and Industrial Trades, College of the North Atlantic-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1599637111, Iran.
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Jafari E, Malayeri MR, Brückner H, Weimer T, Krebs P. Innovative spiral electrode configuration for enhancement of electrocoagulation-flotation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119085. [PMID: 37757685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The performance of electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) process can profoundly be affected by the reactor design and electrode configuration. These may, in turn, influence the removal efficiency, flow hydrodynamic, floc formation, and flotation/settling characteristics. The present work aimed at developing a new spiral electrode configuration to enhance the ECF process. To do so, the impacts of parameters such as energy consumption, removal efficiency of the contaminants from industrial wastewater with a composition of turbidity, emulsified oil, and heavy metals (Si, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Cd), as well as stirring speed and foaming have been investigated. Comparison was also made between the experimental results of the new electrode configuration with the conventional rectangular cell with plate electrode configuration with the same volume and electrode surface area. The findings revealed that energy consumption of the spiral electrode configuration within the operating times of 10, 20, 30, 32, 48, and 70 min, was approximately 20% lower compared to that of the conventional ECF. Moreover, the maximum and minimum removal efficiency of 97% and 60% were obtained for turbidity and TOC for the stirring speed of 500 rpm and Reynolds number of 10,035, respectively. Finally, the formed gas bubbles tilted toward the center due to the enhanced flow hydrodynamic which resulted in substantial reduction of foam formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Jafari
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Reza Malayeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran.
| | - Heike Brückner
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Weimer
- Department of Research and Development, Spiraltec GmbH, Germany
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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4
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Kharel HL, Shrestha I, Tan M, Nikookar M, Saraei N, Selvaratnam T. Cyanidiales-Based Bioremediation of Heavy Metals. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020029. [PMID: 37092473 PMCID: PMC10123701 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing urbanization and ongoing development activities, the consumption of heavy metals has been increasing globally. Although heavy metals are vital for the survival of living beings, they can become hazardous when they surpass the permissible limit. The effect of heavy metals varies from normal to acute depending on the individual, so it is necessary to treat the heavy metals before releasing them into the environment. Various conventional treatment technologies have been used based on physical, chemical, and biological methods. However, due to technical and economic constraints and poor sustainability towards the environment, the use of these technologies has been limited. Microalgal-based heavy metal removal has been explored for the past few decades and has been seen as an effective, environment-friendly, and inexpensive method compared to conventional treatment technology. Cyanidiales that belong to red algae have the potential for remediation of heavy metals as they can withstand and tolerate extreme stresses of heat, acid salts, and heavy metals. Cyanidiales are the only photosynthetic organisms that can survive and thrive in acidic mine drainage, where heavy metal contamination is often prevalent. This review focuses on the algal species belonging to three genera of Cyanidiales: Cyanidioschyzon, Cyanidium, and Galdieria. Papers published after 2015 were considered in order to examine these species' efficiency in heavy metal removal. The result is summarized as maximum removal efficiency at the optimum experimental conditions and based on the parameters affecting the metal ion removal efficiency. This study finds that pH, initial metal concentration, initial algal biomass concentration, algal strains, and growth temperature are the major parameters that affect the heavy metal removal efficiency of Cyanidiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Lal Kharel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Ina Shrestha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Melissa Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Mohammad Nikookar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Negar Saraei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Thinesh Selvaratnam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
- Center for Advances in Water & Air Quality, College of Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
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Islam MM, Mohana AA, Rahman MA, Rahman M, Naidu R, Rahman MM. A Comprehensive Review of the Current Progress of Chromium Removal Methods from Aqueous Solution. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030252. [PMID: 36977017 PMCID: PMC10053122 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) exists in aqueous solution as trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) forms. Cr3+ is an essential trace element while Cr6+ is a dangerous and carcinogenic element, which is of great concern globally due to its extensive applications in various industrial processes such as textiles, manufacturing of inks, dyes, paints, and pigments, electroplating, stainless steel, leather, tanning, and wood preservation, among others. Cr3+ in wastewater can be transformed into Cr6+ when it enters the environment. Therefore, research on Cr remediation from water has attracted much attention recently. A number of methods such as adsorption, electrochemical treatment, physico-chemical methods, biological removal, and membrane filtration have been devised for efficient Cr removal from water. This review comprehensively demonstrated the Cr removal technologies in the literature to date. The advantages and disadvantages of Cr removal methods were also described. Future research directions are suggested and provide the application of adsorbents for Cr removal from waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Monjurul Islam
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Anika Amir Mohana
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Zonal Laboratory, Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Jashore 7400, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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6
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Zhang W, Zhang M, Yao J, Long J. Industrial indigo dyeing wastewater purification: effective COD removal with Peroxi-AC electrocoagulation system. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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7
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Abdollahi J, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Habibzadeh S. The role of the current waveform in mitigating passivation and enhancing electrocoagulation performance: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137212. [PMID: 36395897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) can be an efficient alternative to existing water and wastewater treatment methods due to its eco-friendly nature, low footprint, and facile operation. However, the electrodes applied in the EC process suffer from passivation or fouling, an issue resulting from the buildup of poorly conducting materials on the electrode surface. Indeed, such passivation gives rise to various operational problems and restricts the practical implementation of EC on a large scale. Therefore, it has been suggested that using pulsed direct current (PDC), alternating pulse current (APC), and sinusoidal alternating current (AC) waveforms in EC as alternatives to conventional direct current (DC) can help mitigate passivation and alleviate its associated detrimental effects. This paper presents a critical review of the impact of the current waveform on the EC process towards the capabilities of the PDC, APC, and AC waveforms in de-passivation and performance enhancement while comparing them to the conventional DC. Additionally, current waveform parameters influencing the surface passivation of electrodes and process efficiency are elaborately discussed. Meanwhile, the performance of the EC process is evaluated under different current waveforms based on pollutant removal efficiency, energy consumption, electrode usage, sludge production, and operating cost. The proper current waveforms for treating various water and wastewater matrices are also explained. Finally, concluding remarks and outlooks for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Abdollahi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
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8
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Sharaj Sharifi N, Karimi-Jashni A. Development and application of novel high throughput metal waste chips and foam electrodes for electrocoagulation treatment of graywater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:528-539. [PMID: 34479462 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1976845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel high throughput metal waste chips and foam electrodes were developed for the electrocoagulation of graywater for the first time. The developed electrodes were then compared with traditional metal plate electrodes, which showed higher efficiency of developed electrodes. The effective parameters of pH, electrode distance, applied voltage, and reaction time on COD removal were optimized using RSM as a multivariate optimization technique, and the data were analyzed by ANOVA, normal plot, residual distribution, and 3D plots. The optimal conditions for electrocoagulation of graywater using metal (Al) plate electrode were determined as a pH of 6.86, electrode distance of 5 mm, and applied voltage of 5 V for a reaction time of 10 min, resulting in 89.1% COD removal and 74% turbidity removal. Finally, the performance of aluminum plate electrodes, foam electrodes, and electrodes made from metal waste chips was compared using COD removal efficiency as the index, revealing 84%, 93%, and 87% COD removal, respectively. These results demonstrated that the newly developed electrodes are suitable for graywater treatment with excellent COD removal efficiency, metal chip waste recycling, and cost-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Sharaj Sharifi
- School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ayoub Karimi-Jashni
- School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Onchoke KK, Franclemont CM. Evaluation and removal efficiencies of a rural WWTP for metals and anions in Lufkin, East Texas (USA). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:920. [PMID: 36257995 PMCID: PMC9579637 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study quantified element concentrations and evaluated the removal efficiencies of the Lufkin Wastewater Treatment Plant (LWWTP): a public municipal wastewater treatment plant in East Texas. Macroelements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Se, Zn, P, and S) and microelements (Ni, Pb, Mn, Cr, Mo, Cu, Co, V, As, B, Ba) were detected using ICP-OES and ICP-MS. In addition, the anion concentrations (Br-, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, F-, Cl-, and SO42-) and their percent removal from the LWWTP were assessed by using ion chromatography. Whereas macroelements in the influent were above the maximum ceiling limits, the total metal concentrations in the effluent were found below the USEPA (below μg/L) guidelines. In general, the removal efficiencies for metals in LWWTP were ≥ 94%. The removal efficiencies of the anions were > 100% (Br-), 16.42% (Cl-), 78.89% (F-), 182.59% (NO3-), > 100% (NO2-), 51.81% (PO43-), and 67.01% (SO42-). In addition, Pierson correlation coefficients between the anions and cations, and implications for usage and suggested improvements of the treatment plants are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefa K Onchoke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Box 13006 - SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962-13006, USA.
| | - Christopher M Franclemont
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Box 13006 - SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962-13006, USA
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10
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Zhou Y, Chen S, Qiu J, Zhu C, Xu T, Zeng M, He X, Hu B, Zhang X, Yu G. Removal of phosphorus in wastewater by sinusoidal alternating current coagulation: performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3161-3174. [PMID: 33843473 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1916093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of initial total phosphorus (TP) concentration, current density, conductivity and initial pH value on the removal rate of TP and energy consumption, as well as the behaviour and mechanism of phosphorus removal, were investigated by sinusoidal alternating current coagulation (SACC). The flocs produced by SACC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy. The thermodynamic and kinetic behaviours of phosphorus removal by iron sol adsorption were also studied in detail. In a self-made SACC reactor equipped with five sets of parallel iron electrodes spacing 10 mm, the removal rate of TP reached 90.9% for a pH 7.0 wastewater with 5 mg dm-3 TP (κ = 800 μS cm-1) after being treated for 60 min by applying 2.12 mA cm-2 sinusoidal alternating current. Compared with direct current coagulation (DCC), SACC exhibits a higher removal efficiency of phosphorus due to the stronger adsorption of the produced flocs. It was found that the adsorption in the SACC process follows pseudo-second-order kinetic with the involvement of the intra-particle model. The adsorption of iron sol to phosphorus was an endothermic and spontaneous process, and its adsorption behaviour can be characterized with Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isothermal adsorption models. SACC may be employed for the treatment of more complex wastewater combined with biological and/or electrochemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiqi Chen
- Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Qiu
- Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Muping Zeng
- Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi He
- Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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11
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Favero BM, Favero AC, da Silva DC, Hubner P, Souza FS, Souza Hamm JB. Treatment of galvanic effluent through electrocoagulation process: Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni removal and reuse of sludge generated as inorganic pigment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3107-3120. [PMID: 33858284 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1916089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Galvanic effluents are composed of a wide range of heavy metals, requiring adequate treatment to remove these contaminants and to meet the limits established by environmental agencies. Considering this aspect, the present study had as main objectives: (i) to evaluate the efficiency of the electrocoagulation (EC) in the treatment of a galvanic effluent, with the purpose of removing total Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and (ii) reuse the sludge generated for inorganic pigment production. EC tests were carried out through factorial design 23 with triplicate central point. pH (3, 7, 11), reaction time (15, 22.5 and 30 min) and current density (10, 17.5 and 25 mA/cm2) were the control variables. Under ideal experimental conditions (pH 7.00; t = 22.5 min and DC = 17.5 mA/cm2) were removed 96.94% of Mn, 97.63% of Cu and 99.99% of total Cr and Ni, allowing to meet the limits provided in CONAMA Resolution 430/2011. The production of inorganic pigments from a mixture of 10% sludge (generated in the ideal experimental condition) and Al2O3 and TiO2 proved to be technically viable. It was obtained 8.27 g of a brown inorganic pigment, composed mainly of Al1.82Cr0.18O3, Ca0.999(Ti0.805Fe0.201)O2.899 and Fe2.18O4Ti0.42. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrate that EC is an effective technique in galvanic effluents treatment. The sludge generated in this process showed to be appropriated to be reused in inorganic pigment production and could be considered as an alternative to reduce the environmental impact related to electroplating process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Favero
- Master in Environmental Impact Assessment, La Salle University, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Hubner
- Analytical Centre of Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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López YC, Ortega GA, Reguera E. Hazardous ions decontamination: From the element to the material. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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13
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Ghanim AN, Al-Saadi FA. A hybrid system for lead removal of simulated battery industry Wastewater using electrocoagulation/electroflotation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2055576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa N. Ghanim
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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14
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Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes on Urchin-like MnO2 for Extraction of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ from Alkaline Solutions. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) urchin-like MnO2@poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS)/poly (diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)/PSS particles were prepared via the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of polyelectrolytes for the extraction of Zn2+ from alkaline media. The adsorption performance of Zn2+ on MnO2, MnO2@PSS/PDDA/PSS, and MnO2@(PSS/PDDA)3/PSS was investigated in batch experiments. The adsorption of Zn2+ on MnO2@PSS/PDDA/PSS has been studied under various conditions, such as initial Zn2+ concentration, adsorbent dosage, the solution’s pH, and reaction time. The Zn2+ adsorption process is well represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the equilibrium data fit the Freundlich isotherm well. MnO2@PSS/PDDA/PSS also showed high efficiency for Pb2+ and Cu2+ removal from slightly alkaline water. Thus, our research provides a deep insight into the preparation of 3D manganese oxides with polyelectrolyte films for the extraction of heavy metal ions, such as Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, from slightly alkaline wastewater.
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15
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Bajpai M, Katoch SS, Kadier A, Singh A. A review on electrocoagulation process for the removal of emerging contaminants: theory, fundamentals, and applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15252-15281. [PMID: 34978675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an excellent and promising technology in wastewater treatment, as it combines the benefits of coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry. During the last decade, extensive researches have focused on removal of emerging contaminants by using electrocoagualtion, due to its several advantages like compactness, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, low sludge production, and eco-friendness. Emerging contaminants (ECs) are micropollutants found in trace amounts that discharging into conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) plants entering surface waters and imposing a high threat to human and aquatic life. Various studies reveal that about 90% of emerging contaminants are disposed unscientifically into water bodies, creating problems to public health and environment. The studies on removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater are by global researchers are critically reviewed. The core findings proved that still more research required into optimization of parameters, system design, and economic feasibility to explore the potential of EC combined systems. This review has introduced an innovative collection of current knowledge on electro-coagulation for the removal of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Bajpai
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India.
| | - Surjit Singh Katoch
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Adarsh Singh
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Al-Raad AA, Hanafiah MM. Removal of inorganic pollutants using electrocoagulation technology: A review of emerging applications and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113696. [PMID: 34509809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (ECoag) technique has shown considerable potential as an effective method in separating different types of pollutants (including inorganic pollutants) from various sources of water at a lower cost, and that is environmentally friendly. The EC method's performance depends on several significant parameters, including current density, reactor geometry, pH, operation time, the gap between electrodes, and agitation speed. There are some challenges related to the ECoag technique, for example, energy consumption, and electrode passivation as well as its implementation at a larger scale. This review highlights the recent studies published about ECoag capacity to remove inorganic pollutants (including salts), the emerging reactors, and the effect of reactor geometry designs. In addition, this paper highlights the integration of the ECoag technique with other advanced technologies such as microwave and ultrasonic to achieve higher removal efficiencies. This paper also presents a critical discussion of the major and minor reactions of the electrocoagulation technique with several significant operational parameters, emerging designs of the ECoag cell, operating conditions, and techno-economic analysis. Our review concluded that optimizing the operating parameters significantly enhanced the efficiency of the ECoag technique and reduced overall operating costs. Electrodes geometry has been recommended to minimize the passivation phenomenon, promote the conductivity of the cell, and reduce energy consumption. In this review, several challenges and gaps were identified, and insights for future development were discussed. We recommend that future studies investigate the effect of other emerging parameters like perforated and ball electrodes on the ECoag technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas A Al-Raad
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Ababil School, Al-Muthanna Education Directorate, Samawa, 66001, Iraq
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia.
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17
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Payami Shabestar M, Alavi Moghaddam MR, Karamati-Niaragh E. Evaluation of energy and electrode consumption of Acid Red 18 removal using electrocoagulation process through RSM: alternating and direct current. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67214-67223. [PMID: 34247355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate energy and electrode consumption for Acid Red 18 (AR18) removal and the operating costs employing alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) in an electrocoagulation (EC) system. As the novelty of this study, the effects of AC/DC mode and electrode type were scrutinized through a series of designed experiments in a batch EC reactor to remove a globally used Azo dye from wastewater. In this regard, by designing the experiments with response surface methodology (RSM), four series of 30 experiments were separately conducted employing DC and AC for iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) electrodes. In each series, quadratic models were achieved for the removal efficiency and operating costs; by confirming the accuracy of the models, two responses were simultaneously optimized accordingly. As a result, the AR18 removal efficiency with Al electrodes had no significant difference using AC and DC (on average 0.2% difference); however, for Fe electrode, the EC performance in DC was more significant than AC (on average 13.8% difference). Also, the operating costs of Fe electrode were more economical in comparison with the Al; on average, the operating costs in the case of applying DC for Fe and Al were achieved 14.6 and 39.8 (US$/kg dye removed), respectively; whereas, for AC, this amount was calculated 9.3 and 36.0 (US$/kg dye removed) for Fe and Al, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Payami Shabestar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alavi Moghaddam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Karamati-Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
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18
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Electrochemical Recovery to Overcome Direct Osmosis Concentrate-Bearing Lead: Optimization of Treatment Process via RSM-CCD. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13213136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrochemistry is a promising approach for the treatment of direct osmosis concentrate that contains a high concentration of organic pollutants and has high osmotic pressure, to achieve the safe discharge of effluent. This work addresses, for the first time, this major environmental challenge using perforated aluminum electrodes mounted in an electrocoagulation–flotation cell (PA-ECF). The design of the experiments, the modeling, and the optimization of the PA-ECF conditions for the treatment of DO concentrate rich in Pb were explored using a central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Therefore, the CCD-RSM was employed to optimize and study the effect of the independent variables, namely electrolysis time (5.85 min to 116.15 min) and current intensity (0.09 A to 2.91 A) on Pb removal. Optimal values of the process parameters were determined as an electrolysis time of 77.65 min and a current intensity of 0.9 A. In addition to Pb removal (97.8%), energy consumption, electrode mass-consumed material, and operating cost were estimated as 0.0025 kWh/m3, 0.217 kg Al/m3, and 0.423 USD/m3, respectively. In addition, it was found that DO concentrate obtained from metallurgical wastewater can be recovered through PA-ECF (almost 94% Pb removal). This work demonstrated that the PA-ECF technique could became a viable process applicable in the treatment of DO concentrate containing Pb-rich for reuse.
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Lu J, Zhang P, Li J. Electrocoagulation technology for water purification: An update review on reactor design and some newly concerned pollutants removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113259. [PMID: 34256295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage and quality deterioration are plaguing people all over the world. Providing sustainable and affordable treatment solutions to these problems is a need of the hour. Electrocoagulation (EC) technology is a burgeoning alternative for effective water treatment, which offers the virtues such as compact equipment, easy operation, and low sludge production. Compared to other water purification technologies, EC shows excellent removal efficacy for a wide range of contaminants in water and has great potential for addressing limitations of conventional water purification technologies. This review summarizes the latest development of principle, characteristics, and reactor design of EC. The design of key parameters including reactor shape, power supply type, current density, as well as electrode configuration is further elaborated. In particular, typical water treatment systems powered by renewable energy (solar photovoltaic and wind turbine systems) are proposed. Further, this review provides an overview on expanded application of EC in the removal of some newly concerned pollutants in recent years, including arsenite, perfluorinated compounds, pharmaceuticals, oil, bacteria, and viruses. The removal efficiency and mechanisms of these pollutants are also discussed. Finally, future research trend and focus are further recommended. This review can bridge the large knowledge gap for the EC application that is beneficial for environmental researchers and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. Electrocoagulation as an efficacious technology for the treatment of wastewater containing active pharmaceutical compounds: a review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1972011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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21
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Tuomikoski S, Runtti H, Romar H, Lassi U, Kangas T. Multiple heavy metal removal simultaneously by a biomass-based porous carbon. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1303-1314. [PMID: 33471397 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon from sawdust was produced with an environmentally friendly process involving single-stage carbonization and activation with steam at 800°C. Production process is scalable because lignocellulosic biomass is ubiquitous worldwide as a waste or as a virgin material. Single-stage production without any cooling steps between carbonization and activation is easier in larger scale production. Monometal adsorption and multimetal adsorption of cobalt, nickel, and zinc were investigated by using the produced carbon, with a commercial one as control. Effect of pH, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dosage, and adsorption time was evaluated in batch experiments. Multimetal experiments showed the order of the maximum adsorption capacities: zinc > nickel > cobalt. Experimental adsorption capacities were 17.2, 6.6, and 4.5 mg/g for zinc, nickel, and cobalt, respectively, in multisolute adsorption. In case of monometal adsorption, adsorption capacity was notably lower. Experimental data fitted into the single-solute and multisolute Freundlich models. The best fit kinetic model varied among the metals. The Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model was used. Regeneration was performed with 0.1 M HNO3 , 0.1 M HCl, or 0.1 M H2 SO4 . The adsorption capacity remained at the same within three adsorption-desorption cycles. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Activated carbon was produced from sawdust with environmentally friendly process Monometal adsorption and multimetal adsorption with heavy metals were studied Best-fitting models to the experimental data were single-solute and multisolute Freundlich models Regeneration could be performed with diluted acids Worldwide available raw material successfully used as adsorbent for heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Tuomikoski
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Runtti
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henrik Romar
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Teija Kangas
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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22
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Baseflow and Stormflow Zinc Loads in a Small Agricultural River Catchment Influenced by an Industrial Area. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A stringent environmental quality standard for zinc (Zn) has been enacted by regulators because of its toxicity to aquatic life. This study’s objective was to evaluate the variability of Zn concentrations and fluxes in the baseflow and stormflow and to estimate the contribution of Zn from point and non-point sources. By using high-resolution temporal sampling, the suspended solids (SS), iron (Fe), and Zn concentrations were measured in a small agricultural river catchment. Fe, as the natural non-point source, and Zn were evaluated using the end member mixing analysis (EMMA) to identify the source apportionment (point and non-point). The results indicate that in the baseflow, Zn mainly originated from point sources and was possibly discharged by manufacturing industries. By contrast, the non-point sources (diffuse sources) were responsible for extremely high SS, Fe, and Zn levels in the stormflow. In addition, Zn discharge during the stormflow was 93 times higher than that during the baseflow. According to the EMMA, approximately 74% of the Zn was from point sources. River management can be improved if Zn point sources are adequately treated. During a storm event, it is also important to control the particulate Zn released into the river.
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Nie G, Qiu S, Wang X, Du Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang H. A millimeter-sized negatively charged polymer embedded with molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for efficient removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Chow H, Pham ALT. Mitigating Electrode Fouling in Electrocoagulation by Means of Polarity Reversal: The Effects of Electrode Type, Current Density, and Polarity Reversal Frequency. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 197:117074. [PMID: 33784607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest issues in electrocoagulation (EC) water treatment processes is electrode fouling, which can cause decreased coagulant production, increased ohmic resistance and energy consumption, and reduced contaminant removal efficiency, among other operational problems. While it has been suggested that switching the current direction intermittently (i.e., polarity reversal, PR) can help mitigate electrode fouling, conflicting results about the utility of this approach have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the effects of PR frequency and current density on the performance of Fe-EC and Al-EC. It was found that operating Fe-EC under the PR mode reduced neither electrode fouling nor energy consumption. Notably, the Faradaic efficiency (ϕ) in Fe-EC decreased with increasing PR frequency; ϕ was as low as 10% when a PR frequency of 0.5 minutes was employed. Unlike Fe-EC, operating Al-EC under the PR mode resulted in high coagulant production efficiencies, reduced energy consumption, and diminished electrode fouling. In addition to comparing PR-EC and DC-EC, a novel strategy to minimize electrode fouling was investigated. This strategy involved operating Fe DC-EC and Al DC-EC with a Ti-IrO2 cathode, whose fouling by Ca- and Mg-containing minerals could be readily avoided by periodically switching the current direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héline Chow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anh Le-Tuan Pham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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25
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Application of Electrocoagulation with a New Steel-Swarf-Based Electrode for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Total Coliforms from Sanitary Landfill Leachate. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Sanitary landfill leachate (LL) composition varies according to climate variables variation, solid waste characteristics and composition, and landfill age. Leachate treatment is essentially carried out trough biological and physicochemical processes, which have showed variability in efficiency and appear a costly solution for the management authorities. Electrocoagulation (EC) seems a suitable solution for leachate treatment taking into account the characteristics of the liquor. One of the problems of EC is the electrode passivation, which affects the longevity of the process. One solution to this problem could be the replacement of the electrode by one made of recyclable material, which would make it possible to change it frequently and at a lower cost. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the removal of heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn) and coliforms from a LL by EC using electrodes made from steel swarf (SfE) up to 8 h. Removal efficiencies of detected heavy metals were 51%(Cr), 59%(As), 71%(Cd), 72%(Zn), 92%(Ba), 95%(Ni) and >99%(Pb). The microbial load of coliforms in leachate was reduced from 10.76 × 104 CFU/mL (raw leachate) to less than 1 CFU/mL (after treatment with SfE) (i.e., approximately 100% reduction). The use of SfE in EC of LL is very effective in removing heavy metals and coliforms and can be used as alternative treatment solution for such effluents.
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26
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Moghiseh Z, Rezaee A. Removal of aspirin from aqueous solution using electroactive bacteria induced by alternating current. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25327-25338. [PMID: 33453025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to improve bacterial laccase enzyme activity (LEA) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) affecting acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) biodegradation using an alternating current (AC). A microbial consortium was inoculated in an electroactive bioreactor supplied with an AC by a function generator under operating conditions of amplitude (AMPL) = 2-10 peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp), optical fiber splice tray (OFST) = 0.1 V, and sine wave frequency = 10 Hz. The obtained results revealed that at an applied voltage of 8 Vpp and an OFST of 0.1 for 12 h, the maximum bacterial LEA and DHA were 30.6 U/mL and 75.5 micro grTF/cm2.gr biomass; respectively. Cell viability and permeability were equal to 95.7% and 0.3%; respectively, at the voltage of 8 Vpp. Moreover, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that by-products had lower intensity at 8 Vpp compared with that of 2 Vpp voltage. Finally, the results demonstrated an optimum applied voltage of the AC, which could stimulate and promote bacterial LEA and DHA. Therefore, an electroactive bioreactor supplied with an AC can be a novel system for stimulation of enzyme activities in the process of ASA biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Moghiseh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Ding R, Cheong YH, Ahamed A, Lisak G. Heavy Metals Detection with Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1880-1888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Ding
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yi Heng Cheong
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Residues and Resource Reclamation Center, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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Ingelsson M, Yasri N, Roberts EPL. Electrode passivation, faradaic efficiency, and performance enhancement strategies in electrocoagulation-a review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116433. [PMID: 33002774 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Treating water and wastewater is energy-intensive, and traditional methods that require large amounts of chemicals are often still used. Electrocoagulation (EC), an electrochemical treatment technology, has been proposed as a more economically and environmentally sustainable alternative. In EC, sacrificial metal electrodes are used to produce coagulant in-situ, which offers many benefits over conventional chemical coagulation. However, material precipitation on the electrodes during long term operation induces a passivating effect that decreases treatment performance and increases power requirements. Overcoming this problem is considered to be the greatest challenge facing the development of EC. In this critical review, the studies that have examined the nature of electrode passivation, and its effect on treatment performance are considered. A fundamental approach is used to examine the association between passivation and faradaic efficiency, a surrogate for EC performance. In addition, the strategies that have been proposed to remove or avoid passivation are reviewed, including aggressive ion addition, AC current operation, polarity reversal, ultrasonication, and mechanical cleaning of the electrodes. It is concluded that the success of implementing each method is dependent on critical operating parameters, and careful consideration should be taken when designing an EC system based on the phenomena discussed in this article. In conclusion, this review provides insight into passivation mechanisms, delivers guidelines for sustaining high treatment performance, and offers an outlook for the future development of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ingelsson
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nael Yasri
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Edward P L Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Fijałkowska G, Szewczuk-Karpisz K, Wiśniewska M. Anionic polyacrylamide influence on the lead(II) ion accumulation in soil - the study on montmorillonite. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:599-607. [PMID: 33312586 PMCID: PMC7721830 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polymeric substances, as soil conditioners, limit the erosion process as well as improve the soil structure. The same macromolecular compounds may influence the heavy metal accumulation in soil environment. The main aim of this study was investigation of anionic polyacrylamide (AN PAM) effect on the lead(II) ion sorption on the montmorillonite surface. The effects of Pb(II) ion concentration, sequence of heavy metal and anionic polymer addition into the system as well as anionic group content in the PAM macromolecules were also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on montmorillonite (clay mineral). Two types of polymers were used: AN PAM 5% and AN PAM 30% containing 5% and 30% of carboxylic groups, respectively. The adsorbed amounts of Pb(II) ions or AN PAM on the solid were determined spectrophotometrically. Electrokinetic properties of the examined systems were established using potentiometric titration and microelectrophoresis method. The montmorillonite aggregation without and with selected substances was described based on the sedimentation study. RESULTS At pH 5 the Pb(II) adsorbed amount on montmorillonite equaled 0.05 mg/m2 (for the initial concentration 10 ppm). Anionic polyacrylamide increased this value significantly (it was 0.11 mg/m2 with AN PAM 5% and 0.11 mg/m2 with AN PAM 30%). The lead(II) ions presence causes a slight increase of the anionic PAM adsorption on the montmorillonite surface. For example, for the initial polymer concentration 100 ppm, the AN PAM 5% adsorbed amount without Pb(II) equaled 0.49 mg/m2, whereas with Pb(II) - 0.57 mg/m2. What is more, anionic polyacrylamide and lead(II) ions affected electrokinetic properties and stability of the montmorillonite suspension. CONCLUSIONS Anionic polyacrylamide makes the Pb(II) accumulation on the montmorillonite surface larger and, as a consequence, reduces the Pb(II) availability to organisms. Therefore, this macromolecular compound can certainly be used to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Fijałkowska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - K. Szewczuk-Karpisz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - M. Wiśniewska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Bajpai M, Katoch SS. Techno-economical optimization using Box-Behnken (BB) design for chemical oxygen demand and chloride reduction from hospital wastewater by electro-coagulation. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:2140-2154. [PMID: 32621524 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study examines the optimum condition of an electro-coagulation (EC) unit for treatment of hospital wastewater (HWW) using iron (Fe) electrodes. The impact of factors such as pH, current, and electrolysis time on COD, chloride, and anode dissolution was investigated. For this purpose, Box-Behnken (BB) design based on the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design and analyze the results. The predicted value of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chloride removal at optimum conditions (pH: 7.41, current: 2.64 A and electrolysis time: 41.31 min) were 92.81% and 71.23%, respectively. At same optimum conditions, the value of energy and electrode consumption per kg of COD was 0.06376 kWh/kg COD and 1.362 kg/kg COD, respectively. High value of R2 (i.e., R2 > 99%) for all three responses (Y1 , Y2 , and Y3 ) obtained from ANOVA confirms that the proposed model is valid, accurate, and acceptable. The kinetic study shows linear relationship and follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Pareto graph shows that the percentage impact of current factor on COD and chloride removal was maximum, that is, 54.984% and 66.79%, respectively. Lastly, the total cost of EC treatment was calculated in terms of COD removal and was found to be 55.47 ₹/kg COD. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Using Fe electrode results in 92.81% COD and 71.23% Chloride removal, respectively. High value of R2 > 99% for all three responses from ANOVA confirms the proposed model is valid. Pareto analysis shows current factor has maximum percentage impact on pollutant removal. Kinetic study shows linear relationship and follows pseudo-first-order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Bajpai
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, India
| | - Surjit Singh Katoch
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, India
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Nippatla N, Philip L. Electrochemical process employing scrap metal waste as electrodes for dye removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111039. [PMID: 32741763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, efficiency of electro-coagulation-flotation (EC-F) process using waste metal scrap of Al and Fe collected from construction and demolition waste of Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M) campus for the removal of double azo bond dye Acid Red 66 (AR66) was studied. The key operating parameters such as current density and electrical conductivity were optimized individually with an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, at pH 7. Different electrode combinations and connection modes (parallel MP-P, series (MP-S, BP-S)) were tested, at pre-optimized conditions, in order to achieve better removal of AR66 dye with minimum energy consumption. Series connection in bipolar electrode mode (BP-S) showed better COD reduction from 164 mg/L to 26.2 mg/L with complete decolourization (BDL). Hybrid electrode system of Fe-Al-Fe-Al-Fe-Al showed maximum reduction of COD from 164 mg/L to 11.3 mg/L along with 86.3% TSS reduction and complete decolourization. LC-MS analysis showed the formation of intermediates with m/z 195, m/z 210.6 and m/z 159.3 due to the destruction of AR66 dye during electrolysis. Highest current efficiency (CE φ = 107%) was observed in case of hybrid electrode system compared to Al (φ = 30.1%) and Fe (φ = 98.3%) electrode system at similar operating conditions. Compared to the same electrode material as anode and cathode, use of appropriate hybrid electrode combination can improve the removal efficiency and reduce the energy consumption (ENC). The influence of aeration on the performance of the system was also studied. Aeration significantly improved the COD removal efficiency (98.3%) along with complete decolourization (100%). The use of waste metal scrap as electrodes reduced the overall cost of the treatment process from 1.6 $/m3 to 0.06 $/m3. Using waste metal scrap as electrodes not only reduces the metal accumulation in the environment but also reduces the cost of EC-F process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasamma Nippatla
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Ligy Philip
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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Bajpai M, Singh Katoch S, Singh M. Optimization and economical study of electro-coagulation unit using CCD to treat real graywater and its reuse potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42040-42050. [PMID: 32705548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reclamation of graywater for non-potable purposes has attained utmost importance, particularly in developing nations. The present research aimed to evaluate the optimal condition of electro-coagulation system in treatment of graywater and its reuse. Moreover, the study also evaluates the impact of major operating parameters on pollutant removal and anode dissolution. To achieve this, two-factor (voltage potential and time) and 5-level (- 1, - 0.5, 0, + 0.5, and + 1) full factorial design, based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been executed for the actual design. The data were acquired after conducting 20 experiments, as suggested by RSM (response surface methodology). Design Expert 12.0.8.0 software has been used to design mathematical model to obtain optimum condition (14 V and 47 min) at pH of 7.35, which provides experimental removal efficiency (75.6% chemical oxygen demand, 78.7% total dissolved solids, 93.4% turbidity, and 63.2% chloride) with minimal electrode consumption of 1.38 mg L-1. Adequacy of the model developed has been verified by ANOVA. The operating cost of treating graywater at the optimized condition obtained as 0.7 US$/kg COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Bajpai
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India.
| | - Surjit Singh Katoch
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Civil Engineering Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
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Syam Babu D, Kadaverugu R, Veetil Nidheesh P, Suresh Kumar M. Importance of Chloride Addition on Arsenite Removal by Aluminium Electrocoagulation. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davuluri Syam Babu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Rakesh Kadaverugu
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | | | - Manukonda Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
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Patel SR, Parikh SP. Statistical optimizing of electrocoagulation process for the removal of Cr(VI) using response surface methodology and kinetic study. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Zhao C, Shang D, Zou Y, Du Y, Wang Q, Xu F, Ren L, Kong Q. Changes in electricity production and microbial community evolution in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell exposed to wastewater containing Pb(II). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:139127. [PMID: 32438162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) devices, experimental group (EG, with 5 mg/L Pb(II) addition) and control group (CG) were built to explore the changes in power generation, wastewater purification and microbial community structure under Pb(II) stress. The voltage of EG (343.16 ± 12.14 mV) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of CG (295.49 ± 13.91 mV), and the highest power density of the EG and CG were 7.432 mW·m-2 and 3.873 mW·m-2, respectively. There was no significant difference in the removal of common pollutants between these groups except for the NH4+-N removal efficiency, which was probably caused by the inhibition of the bioactivity of Comamonas (AOB) in the anode of the experimental group by Pb(II). Pb(II) was effectively removed by CW-MFC (84.86 ± 3%), and the abundant amount of fulvic acid-like matter in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of the EG contributed to its removal. The presence of Pb(II) had a negative effect on both microbial community diversity and species richness. The abundance of a lead resistance gene, pbrT, decreased with long-term Pb(II) pressure. This is evidence of microbial adaptation to Pb(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- CongCong Zhao
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - DaWei Shang
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 255014, PR China
| | - YanLing Zou
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 255014, PR China
| | - YuanDa Du
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Liang Ren
- Jiangsu CRRC Environment CO. LTD, Jiangsu Province 215557, China
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Human-Nature and Green Development in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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Xu L, Graham NJD, Wei C, Zhang L, Yu W. Abatement of the membrane biofouling: Performance of an in-situ integrated bioelectrochemical-ultrafiltration system. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 179:115892. [PMID: 32388047 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The practical applications of membrane-based water treatment techniques are constrained by the problem of membrane fouling. Various studies have revealed that interactions between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the membrane surface determine the extent of irreversible fouling. Herein, we describe a novel bioelectrochemical system (BES) integrated with an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane in order to provide an enhanced antifouling property. It was found that the integrated BES membrane system had a superior performance compared to a conventional (control) UF system, as manifested by a much lower development of transmembrane pressure. The BES significantly reduced microbial viability in the membrane tank and the imposed electrode potential contributed to the degradation of biopolymers, which favored the alleviation of membrane fouling. Notably, the electron transfer between the acclimated microorganisms and the conductive membrane in the BES integrated system exhibited an increasing trend with the operation time, indicating a gradual increase in microbial electrical activity. Correspondingly, the accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the membrane surface of the BES integrated system showed a substantial decrease compared to the control system, which could be attributed to a series of synergistic effects induced by the BES integration. The differences in the microbial diversity between the control and the BES integrated system revealed the microbial selectivity of the poised potential. Specifically, microbial strains with relatively high EPS production, like the genus of Zoogloea and Methyloversatilis, were reduced significantly in the BES integrated system, while the expression of the electroactive bacteria was promoted, which facilitated extracellular electron transfer (EET) and therefore the bioelectrochemical reactions. Overall, this study has presented a feasible and promising new approach for membrane fouling mitigation during the process of water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chaocheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Xu T, Zhou Y, Hu B, Lei X, Yu G. Comparison between sinusoidal AC coagulation and conventional DC coagulation in removing Cu 2+ from printed circuit board wastewater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110629. [PMID: 32325329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new Electrocoagulation (EC) technique, sinusoidal AC coagulation (SACC), is creatively put forward for Cu2+ removal in the wastewater from the printed circuit board (PCB) production in this paper. The removal efficiency of Cu2+ from PCB wastewater and energy consumption are compared by SACC and conventional direct current coagulation (DCC). The optimal process parameters were established through analysis of response surface methodology (RSM). The coagulations containing Cu2+ was characterized by SEM, EDS, TEM,BET, XRD and FTIR. The nano-ferrum collosol, mainly composed of goethite (α-FeOOH) and magnetite (γ-Fe2O3), absorbs the Cu2+ and coagulates to remove Cu2+. The results show that the removal rates of Cu2+ by SACC and DCC are 99.86% and 98.21%, respectively, and the energy consumption is 2.76 × 10-2 kWh⋅m-3 for SACC and 4.42 × 10-2 kWh⋅m-3 for DCC under the optimal process conditions of c0 (Cu2+) = 41.99 mg⋅dm-3, pH = 7.14, j = 0.293 A⋅m-2, t = 16.7 min. The pilot tests indicate that the SACC technique is feasible in industrial application. Cu2+ removal were completed through electrodeposition of Cu2+ on iron electrode, the deposition of Cu(OH)2 and the adsorption of Cu2+ by ferrum collosol. The adsorption follows the pseudo-second order kinetics model well. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity (qmax) of Cu2+ on ferrum collosol produced by SACC is larger than that by DCC. The adsorption of Cu2+ on the ferrum collosol prepared by SACC and DCC are in accordance with Langmuir's adsorption isotherms. The novel SACC technique is a promising technique for the highly-efficient treatment of Cu2+ from PCB wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421008, China.
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410082, China; Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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de Oliveira AG, Ribeiro JP, Neto EFA, de Lima ACA, Amazonas ÁA, da Silva LTV, do Nascimento RF. Removal of natural organic matter from aqueous solutions using electrocoagulation pulsed current: optimization using response surface methodology. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:56-66. [PMID: 32910792 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of the pulsed current can be an alternative to decrease the electrode polarization, as well as achieving lower energy consumption. This study investigated the electrocoagulation through pulsed current for the removal of natural organic matter from water. The experiments were carried out using Box-Behnken factorial design with the response surface methodology for the design of experiments, modeling and interpreting of the results. The electrocoagulation cell consisted of an acrylic reactor with 4 L capacity with four electrodes of aluminum, in parallel connection mode. The experimental independent variables studied were: current density (5.5 to 44.5 A m-2), electrodes spacing (2 to 7.6 mm), stirring rate (200 to 1,000 rpm), frequency (500 to 5,000 Hz), humic acid concentration (5 to 20 mg L-1) and NaCl (100 to 300 mg L-1) as supporting electrolyte, evaluating the residual apparent color (RAC) and electric energy consumption (EEC). The pH of the solution increased during the experiments, reaching basic values. The response surface regression procedure was employed to fit the second-order polynomial, and the model fitted well to the obtained values, reaching R2 0.9995 (RAC) and R2 0.9989 (EEC). The lowest RAC was 11.8 Hazen units (96.2% color removal), where the EEC was 0.393 kWh m-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Gadelha de Oliveira
- Center of Technological Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares, 1321, Edson Queiroz, 60881-905, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Jefferson Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Transport Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, Block 713, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Eliezer Fares Abdala Neto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, Block 940, 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ari Clecius Alves de Lima
- Ceará Industrial Technology Nucleus Foundation, Prof. Rômulo Proença Street, Pici, 60440-552, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Amanajás Amazonas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, Block 940, 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Thiago Vasconcelos da Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, Block 940, 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, Block 940, 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Espinoza-Quiñones FR, Romani M, Borba CE, Módenes AN, Utzig CF, Dall'Oglio IC. A mathematical approach based on the Nernst-Planck equation for the total electric voltage demanded by the electrocoagulation process: Effects of a time-dependent electrical conductivity. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Lian Q, Ahmad ZU, Gang DD, Zappi ME, Fortela DLB, Hernandez R. The effects of carbon disulfide driven functionalization on graphene oxide for enhanced Pb(II) adsorption: Investigation of adsorption mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126078. [PMID: 32041070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties of graphene oxide (GO) have been identified as the key effects on the adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions in this study. This study reveals the effect of the surface reactivity of GO via Carbon Disulfide (CS2) functionalization for Pb(II) adsorption. After successfully preparing CS2 functionalized GO (GOCS), the specific techniques were applied to investigate Pb(II) adsorption onto GOCS. Results indicated that the new sulfur-containing functional groups incorporated onto GOCS significantly enhanced Pb(II) adsorption capacity on GOCS than that of GO, achieving an improvement of 31% in maximum adsorption capacity increasing from 292.8 to 383.4 mg g-1. The equilibrium adsorption capacity for GOCS was 280.2 mg g-1 having an improvement of 83.2% over that of 152.97 mg g-1 for GO at the same initial concentration of 150 mg L-1 under the optimal pH of 5.7. Moreover, the results of adsorption experiments showed an excellent fit to the Langmuir and Pseudo-Second-Order models indicating the monolayer and chemical adsorption, respectively. The mechanism for Pb(II) adsorption on GOCS was proposed as the coordination, electrostatic interactions, cation-pi interactions, and Lewis acid-base interactions. The regeneration study showed that GOCS had an appreciable reusability for Pb(II) adsorption with the adsorption capacity of 208.92 mg g-1 after five regeneration cycles. In summary, GOCS has been proved to be a novel, useful, and potentially economic adsorbent for the high-efficiency removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43598, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Zaki Uddin Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43598, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43598, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43675, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Dhan Lord B Fortela
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43675, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Rafael Hernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43675, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
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Galvanostatic removal of zinc using copper cathode from waste waters of a viscose production. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Jin W, Hu M. Cobalt oxide, sulfide and phosphide-decorated carbon felt for the capacitive deionization of lead ions. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rahmani K, Mahvi AH. Biosorption of cadmium and copper ions from industrial wastewaters by waste activated sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2020.1733545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Mamasani Higher Education Complex, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Y, Shi J, Rong H, Zhou X, Chen F, Li X, Wang T, Hou H. Adsorption mechanism of lead ions on porous ceramsite prepared by co-combustion ash of sewage sludge and biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:135017. [PMID: 31734611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study attempted to synthesize a novel ceramsite with excellent adsorption property compositing through the co-combustion of biomass and sewage sludge ash (CBSA), gasification of coal fly ash (GCFA) and sewage sludge (SS) to dispose wastewater contaminated by Pb (II). The optimum preparation conditions included a CBSA/SS/GCFA ratio of 70:18:12, preheating at 480 °C, and sintering at 1060 °C for 15 min. The basic and environmental characteristics of the novel ceramsite meet specific standards requirements. The removal rate could reach 99.9% under optimum conditions in a high-concentration solution, and the novel ceramsite could be reused 6 times and maintain in high remove rate. The adsorption mechanism was determined to be as follows: (1) Ceramsite features a mesoporous structure with an abundance of pores on which cationic exchange could occur. (2) Pb (II) enters the pores of the adsorbent and are attracted by anionic groups to deposit on the surface of ceramsite. (3) A large amount of Pb (II) bonds with SiO or AlOSiO to embed in the matrix frame of the adsorbent; the rest of the metal forms precipitates on the frame layer or [PO4].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Chen
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, 430070 Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Shi
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, 430070 Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Rong
- Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, 430014 Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, 430070 Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuli Li
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, 430070 Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, 430070 Hubei, Wuhan, China.
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45
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Mosai AK, Chimuka L, Cukrowska EM, Kotzé IA, Tutu H. Removal of platinum (IV) from aqueous solutions with yeast-functionalised bentonite. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124768. [PMID: 31518917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for cheap but, efficient methods for the removal of precious metals from wastewaters, which are normally lost during mineral processing. Moreover, the disposal of yeast waste from brewing has been a problem in many parts of the world. In this study, the removal of Pt(IV) from aqueous solutions using the readily available bentonite clay functionalised with spent yeast from brewing was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pt(IV) with 100 mg yeast-functionalised bentonite at pH 2 within 90 min was 255 μg g-1 (98.5% efficiency) but, decreased as pH increased. The adsorption capacity of Pt(IV) was insignificantly (p > 0.05) affected by the presence of competing ions (Fe(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), K(I), Co(II), Ni(II), Hf(IV), Zn(II) and other platinum group metals (PGMs)). Moreover, most of these metals were significantly adsorbed along with Pt(IV). The indicative cost-benefit analysis showed that 1 kg of the yeast-functionalised bentonite can remove ∼700 g Pt(IV) in which a profit of more than USD20000 can be made. The bentonite functionalised with spent yeast from brewing has a potential to recover lost PGMs in wastewater. Since, this is a cheap process, the mining and other industries can make much profit from such recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alseno K Mosai
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Ewa M Cukrowska
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Izak A Kotzé
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Hlanganani Tutu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050, South Africa.
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Xu T, Zhou Y, Lei X, Hu B, Chen H, Yu G. Study on highly efficient Cr(VI) removal from wastewater by sinusoidal alternating current coagulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109322. [PMID: 31494517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cr(IV) pollution in water leads to serious environmental contamination and health risks. Among various wastewater treating methods, electrocoagulation (EC) is widely applied because of its high efficiency. However, there is still a problem of high energy consumption that has to be solved by direct current coagulation (DCC). In this paper, a sinusoidal alternating current coagulation (SACC) technique was used to reduce energy consumption and improve the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal. The effects of pH value, current density, initial concentration of Cr(VI) and reaction time are studied on the removal of Cr(VI). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters of SACC process. Compared with pulse direct current coagulation (PDCC) and DCC, SACC can greatly reduce the concentration polarization and prevent Fe electrodes from passivation so as to reduce energy consumption and improve the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal. When pH 5.6 wastewater containing 33.1 mg⋅dm-3 Cr(VI) was treated by applying 2.7 A⋅m-2 density for 20.5 min, the removal rate of Cr(VI) reached 99.73%, and the residual Cr(VI) in the effluent was <0.1 mg⋅dm-3. The power consumption of SACC process decreases by 14.98% compared to DCC process and the electrode loss is about 16.4% less than that of the DCC. The coagulation produced by SACC has a large specific surface area and better adsorption performance through analysis of SEM and EDS as well as adsorption dynamic analysis. FTIR and XRD patterns verified the strong interaction between Cr(VI) and iron sol. The Cr(VI) on the electrode can be deposited as a form of insoluble Cr(III) compounds. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the second-order kinetic model in SACC are more suitable to explain the adsorption behavior and characteristics of Cr(VI) in SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421008, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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47
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Dickinson AW, Power A, Hansen MG, Brandt KK, Piliposian G, Appleby P, O'Neill PA, Jones RT, Sierocinski P, Koskella B, Vos M. Heavy metal pollution and co-selection for antibiotic resistance: A microbial palaeontology approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105117. [PMID: 31473413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Frequent and persistent heavy metal pollution has profound effects on the composition and activity of microbial communities. Heavy metals select for metal resistance but can also co-select for resistance to antibiotics, which is a global health concern. We here document metal concentration, metal resistance and antibiotic resistance along a sediment archive from a pond in the North West of the United Kingdom covering over a century of anthropogenic pollution. We specifically focus on zinc, as it is a ubiquitous and toxic metal contaminant known to co-select for antibiotic resistance, to assess the impact of temporal variation in heavy metal pollution on microbial community diversity and to quantify the selection effects of differential heavy metal exposure on antibiotic resistance. Zinc concentration and bioavailability was found to vary over the core, likely reflecting increased industrialisation around the middle of the 20th century. Zinc concentration had a significant effect on bacterial community composition, as revealed by a positive correlation between the level of zinc tolerance in culturable bacteria and zinc concentration. The proportion of zinc resistant isolates was also positively correlated with resistance to three clinically relevant antibiotics (oxacillin, cefotaxime and trimethoprim). The abundance of the class 1 integron-integrase gene, intI1, marker for anthropogenic pollutants correlated with the prevalence of zinc- and cefotaxime resistance but not with oxacillin and trimethoprim resistance. Our microbial palaeontology approach reveals that metal-contaminated sediments from depths that pre-date the use of antibiotics were enriched in antibiotic resistant bacteria, demonstrating the pervasive effects of metal-antibiotic co-selection in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Dickinson
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK; UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - A Power
- Biocatalysis Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M G Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - K K Brandt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - G Piliposian
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Appleby
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P A O'Neill
- Welcome Trust Biomedical Informatics Hub, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - R T Jones
- School of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter, UK
| | - P Sierocinski
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - B Koskella
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Vos
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
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48
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Zinc Adsorption by Activated Carbon Prepared from Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9214583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Sawdust was used as a precursor for the production of biomass-based activated carbon. Carbonization and activation are single-stage processes, and steam was used as a physical activation agent at 800 °C. The adsorption capacity towards zinc was tested, and the produced activated carbon proved effective and selectively adsorbent. The effects of pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, time, temperature, and regeneration cycles were tested. The adsorption capacity obtained in this study was compared favorably to that of the materials reported in the literature. Several isotherms were applied to describe the experimental results, with the Sips isotherm having the best fit. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption follows the Elovich kinetic model.
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49
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Syam Babu D, Anantha Singh TS, Nidheesh PV, Suresh Kumar M. Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1671866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Syam Babu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - T. S. Anantha Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deenadayal Petroleum University, Gujarat, India
| | - P. V. Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - M. Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
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50
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Ribeiro C, Scheufele FB, Alves HJ, Kroumov AD, Espinoza-Quiñones FR, Módenes AN, Borba CE. Evaluation of hybrid neutralization/biosorption process for zinc ions removal from automotive battery effluent by dolomite and fish scales. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2373-2388. [PMID: 29448890 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1441332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work focused in the evaluation of Oreochromis niloticus fish scales (FS) as biosorbent material in the removal of Zn from a synthetic effluent based on automotive battery industry effluent and, further, a hybrid neutralization/biosorption process, aiming at a high-quality treated effluent, by a cooperative use of dolomite and FS. For this, a physicochemical and morphological characterization (i.e. SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, and TXRF) was performed, which helped to clarify a great heterogeneity of active sites (phosphate, carbonate, amide, and hydroxyl) on the biosorbent; also the inorganic constituents (apatites) leaching from the FS was identified. Biosorption results pointed out to a pH-dependent process due to changes in the functional group's anionic character (i.e. electrostatic interactions), where an initial pH = 3 favored the Zn uptake. Kinetic and equilibrium studies confirmed the heterogeneous surface and cooperative sorption, wherein experimental data were described by Generalized Elovich kinetic model and the favorable isotherm profile by Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm ( qmax = 15.38 mg g-1 and 1/n>1 ). Speciation diagram of Zn species along with the leached species demonstrated that, for the studied pH range, the biosorption was the most likely phenomena rather than precipitation. Finally, the hybrid neutralization/biosorption process showed great potential since both the Zn concentration levels and the pH reached the legislation standards (CZn = 4 mg L-1; pH = 5). Hence, based on the characterization and biosorption results, a comprehensive evaluation of the involved mechanisms in such complex system helped to verify the prospective of FS biosorbent for the Zn treatment from solution, in both individual and hybrid processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ribeiro
- a Department of Chemical Engineering - Post graduate Program, West Parana State University - UNIOESTE , Toledo , Brazil
| | - F B Scheufele
- b Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Paraná , Palotina , Brazil
| | - H J Alves
- b Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Paraná , Palotina , Brazil
| | - A D Kroumov
- c Department of Applied Microbiology, Division 'Microbial Synthesis and Ecology' The 'Stephan Angeloff' Institute of Microbiology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - F R Espinoza-Quiñones
- a Department of Chemical Engineering - Post graduate Program, West Parana State University - UNIOESTE , Toledo , Brazil
| | - A N Módenes
- a Department of Chemical Engineering - Post graduate Program, West Parana State University - UNIOESTE , Toledo , Brazil
| | - C E Borba
- a Department of Chemical Engineering - Post graduate Program, West Parana State University - UNIOESTE , Toledo , Brazil
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