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Qin W, Dong Y, Jiang H, Loh WH, Imbrogno J, Swenson TM, Garcia-Rodriguez O, Lefebvre O. A new approach of simultaneous adsorption and regeneration of activated carbon to address the bottlenecks of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121180. [PMID: 38301523 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes a sustainable approach for hard-to-treat wastewater using sintered activated carbon (SAC) both as an adsorption filter and as an electrode, allowing its simultaneous electrochemical regeneration. SAC improves the activated carbon (AC) particle contact and thus the conductivity, while maintaining optimal liquid flow. The process removed 87 % of total organic carbon (TOC) from real high-load (initial TOC of 1625 mg/L) pharmaceutical wastewater (PWW), generated during the manufacturing of azithromycin, in 5 h, without external input of chemicals other than catalytic amounts of Fe(II). Kinetic modelling indicated that adsorption was the dominant process, while concomitant electrochemical degradation of complex organics first converted them to short-chain acids, followed by their full mineralization. In-situ electrochemical regeneration of SAC, taking place at the same time as the treatment, is a key feature of our process, enhancing its performance and ensuring its stable operation over time, while eliminating cleaning downtimes altogether. The energy consumption of this innovative process was remarkably low at 8.0×10-3 kWh gTOC-1. This study highlights the potential of SAC for treating hard-to-treat effluents by concurrent adsorption and mineralization of organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water Research, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Hwa Chong Institution (College), 661 Bukit Timah Road, 269734, Singapore
| | - Yuling Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water Research, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; Hwa Chong Institution (College), 661 Bukit Timah Road, 269734, Singapore
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water Research, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Wei Hao Loh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water Research, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-03, T-Lab Building 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Joseph Imbrogno
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., 280 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Tim M Swenson
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., 280 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Orlando Garcia-Rodriguez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water Research, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-03, T-Lab Building 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Water Research, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-03, T-Lab Building 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
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2
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Wang CF, Li YY, Li AH, Yang N, Wang XW, Li YM, Zhang Y. Degradation of COD in antibiotic wastewater by a combination process of electrochemistry, hydroxyl-functionalized ball-milled zero-valent iron/Fe 3O 4 and Oxone. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1259-1270. [PMID: 36301731 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2141661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the significant iron-based material, hydroxyl-functionalized ball-milled zero-valent iron/Fe3O4 (HFB-ZVI/Fe3O4) was employed for the experiments. The performance of the Electro + HFB-ZVI/Fe3O4 + Oxone system for the degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in antibiotic wastewater was investigated. A direct current was applied between a graphite plate anode and two iron plate cathodes, and a series of operational parameters, such as applied electric current, the dosage of HFB-ZVI/Fe3O4 composite, the dosage of Oxone, and initial solution pH, were explored to evaluate the oxidation process. The application of electric current enhanced the gradual degradation of COD and the increase of current intensity accelerated COD degradation. The neutral condition was favourable for the rapid degradation of COD in a short reaction time by the Electro + HFB-ZVI/Fe3O4 + Oxone process and promoted the degradation efficiency of COD. An increase of electric current gradually decreased the reaction solution pH, the larger the electric current applied in the reaction process, the lower the final pH of the reaction solution. Under the optimal experimental conditions (1 g/L HFB-ZVI/Fe3O4 composite, 0.3 g/L Oxone, current intensity = 500 mA, initial solution pH = 7.85), Electro + HFB-ZVI/Fe3O4 + Oxone achieved 99% COD degradation in antibiotic wastewater. Radicals quenching experiments indicated the contribution to COD degradation by hydroxyl radicals (HO•), sulphate radicals (SO4•-) and other oxidants were 66.03%, 24.014% and 9.756%, respectively. The possible mechanism of COD degradation in the Electro + HFB-ZVI/Fe3O4 + Oxone system was also discussed in this study. The findings in this work provided useful information for the treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of EnvironmentHenan Normal University, Xingxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Yi Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of EnvironmentHenan Normal University, Xingxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Shao C, Ren S, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Zhang Z, Wang A. Insights into antibiotic cefaclor mineralization by electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes using a Ti/Ti 4O 7 anode: Performance, mechanism, and toxic chlorate/perchlorate formation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117185. [PMID: 37742753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A comparative degradation of antibiotic cefaclor (CEC) between Ti/Ti4O7 and Ti/RuO2 anodes, in terms of degradation kinetics, mineralization efficiency, and formation of toxic chlorate (ClO3-) and perchlorate (ClO4-), was performed with electrochemical-oxidation (EO), electro-Fenton (EF), and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) processes. Besides, CEC degradation by EF with boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode was also tested. Results showed CEC decays always followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with increasing apparent rate constants in the sequence of EO < EF < PEF. The mineralization efficiency of the processes with Ti/Ti4O7 anode was higher than that of Ti/RuO2 anode, but slightly lower than that of BDD anode. Under the optimal conditions, 94.8% mineralization was obtained in Ti/Ti4O7-PEF, which was much higher than 64.4% in Ti/RuO2-PEF. The use of Ti/RuO2 gave no generation of ClO3- or ClO4-, while the use of Ti/Ti4O7 yielded a small amount of ClO3- and trace amounts of ClO4-. Conversely, the use of BDD led to the highest generation of ClO3- and ClO4-. The reaction mechanism was studied systematically by detecting the generated H2O2 and •OH. The initial N of CEC was released as NH4+ and, in smaller proportion, as NO3-. Four short-chain carboxylic acids and nine aromatic intermediates were also detected, a possible reaction sequence for CEC mineralization was finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Shao
- School of the Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Songyu Ren
- School of the Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- School of the Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zhenjun Wen
- School of the Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zhongguo Zhang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of the Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, China.
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4
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Chai J, Zheng J, Tong Y, Chai F, Tian M. Construction of the molecularly imprinted adsorbent based on shaddock peel biochar sphere for highly sensitive detection of ribavirin in food and water resources. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116756. [PMID: 37507037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ribavirin (RBV) that is not metabolically released into the environment can contaminate the environment and even make organisms resistant to it. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a simple and effective method for adsorbing RBV in the environment. In this study, a novel biochar-based boronate affinity molecularly imprinted polymers (C@H@B-MIPs) were synthesized. This is the first time that shaddock peel biochar sphere was used as a carrier for specific recognition of RBV. The polymerization conditions were optimized and the binding properties of RBV were studied. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of boronate affinity and surface imprinting, the C@H@B-MIPs showed rapid equilibrium kinetics of 15 min, high adsorption capacity of 18.30 mg g-1, and excellent reusability for RBV. The linear range was 0.05-100 mg L-1, and the detection limit was 0.023 mg L-1. This method was triumphant applied to the selective adsorption of RBV in food and water resources with recovery rates of 81.4-97.7%. This study provides a practical platform for the manufacture of efficient biomass-based adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Chai
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, PR China
| | - Junlei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, PR China
| | - Yukui Tong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, PR China
| | - Fang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, PR China.
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, PR China.
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5
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King JF, Mitch WA. Electrochemical Reduction of Halogenated Alkanes and Alkenes Using Activated Carbon-Based Cathodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17965-17976. [PMID: 36459429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is used to sorb a broad range of halogenated contaminant classes, but spent GAC disposal is costly. Taking advantage of GAC's conductivity, this study evaluated the conversion of the GAC to cathodes for electrochemical reductive dehalogenation of 15 halogenated alkanes and alkenes exhibiting a diversity of structures (type of halogen, number of halogens, functional groups) and including contaminants of practical importance (e.g., trichloroethylene). Alkane degradation rates increased with the number of halogens and in the order: chlorine < bromine < iodine. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) correlating experimental first-order degradation rate constants for alkanes with molecular descriptors associated with an outer-sphere one-electron transfer calculated using density functional theory indicated that correlations with molecular descriptors improved in the order: aqueous phase reduction potentials (E0,aq) < energy of the substrate's lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) < Marcus theory activation free energies (ΔG‡) ∼ gas-phase standard reduction free energies (ΔG0,gas). Chlorinated alkene degradation rates increased with decreasing number of chlorines, and QSAR correlations were opposite those of alkanes, indicating a different reaction mechanism. Degradation timescales ranged from 1 min to 3 h with halides as predominant products. These results suggest that the electrochemical reduction of halogenated alkanes and alkenes can be used to regenerate spent GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F King
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, Palo Alto, California94305, United States
| | - William A Mitch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, Palo Alto, California94305, United States
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Lin J, Zhang K, Jiang L, Hou J, Yu X, Feng M, Ye C. Removal of chloramphenicol antibiotics in natural and engineered water systems: Review of reaction mechanisms and product toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158059. [PMID: 35985581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol antibiotics are widely applied in human and veterinary medicine. They experience natural attenuation and/or chemical degradation during oxidative water treatment. However, the environmental risks posed by the transformation products of such organic contaminants remain largely unknown from the literature. As such, this review aims to summarize and analyze the elimination efficiency, reaction mechanisms, and resulting product risks of three typical chloramphenicol antibiotics (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol) from these transformation processes. The obtained results suggest that limited attenuation of these micropollutants is observed during hydrolysis, biodegradation, and photolysis. Comparatively, prominent abatement of these compounds is accomplished using advanced oxidation processes; however, efficient mineralization is still difficult given the formation of recalcitrant products. The in silico prediction on the multi-endpoint toxicity and biodegradability of different products is systematically performed. Most of the transformation products are estimated with acute and chronic aquatic toxicity, genotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. Furthermore, the overall reaction mechanisms of these contaminants induced by multiple oxidizing species are revealed. Overall, this review unveils the non-overlooked and serious secondary risks and biodegradability recalcitrance of the degradation products of chloramphenicol antibiotics using a combined experimental and theoretical method. Strategic improvements of current treatment technologies are strongly recommended for complete water decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kaiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Linke Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jifei Hou
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Eryildiz B, Yavuzturk Gul B, Koyuncu I. A sustainable approach for the removal methods and analytical determination methods of antiviral drugs from water/wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022; 49:103036. [PMID: 35966450 PMCID: PMC9359512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, antiviral drugs especially used for the treatment of COVID-19 have been considered emerging contaminants because of their continuous occurrence and persistence in water/wastewater even at low concentrations. Furthermore, as compared to antiviral drugs, their metabolites and transformation products of these pharmaceuticals are more persistent in the environment. They have been found in environmental matrices all over the world, demonstrating that conventional treatment technologies are unsuccessful for removing them from water/wastewater. Several approaches for degrading/removing antiviral drugs have been studied to avoid this contamination. In this study, the present level of knowledge on the input sources, occurrence, determination methods and, especially, the degradation and removal methods of antiviral drugs are discussed in water/wastewater. Different removal methods, such as conventional treatment methods (i.e. activated sludge), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), adsorption, membrane processes, and combined processes, were evaluated. In addition, the antiviral drugs and these metabolites, as well as the transformation products created as a result of treatment, were examined. Future perspectives for removing antiviral drugs, their metabolites, and transformation products were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahriye Eryildiz
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Yavuzturk Gul
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Min SJ, Kim JG, Baek K. Role of carbon fiber electrodes and carbonate electrolytes in electrochemical phenol oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123083. [PMID: 32947731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) requires an injection of oxidants into a contaminated site. However, the oxidants decompose and react with contaminants during transport to the contaminated region, which causes oxidant over-consumption. In-situ oxidant generation can solve this problem, and electrochemical methods can be applied to achieve this. Electrochemical oxidation is highly dependent on electrode material type. In this study, we evaluated graphite and carbon fiber as candidates for electrochemical oxidant generation and phenol as the model compound. The carbon fiber anode oxidized the phenol more effectively than graphite, with removal proportional to the applied current. Carbonate electrolytes were more effective at oxidizing phenols than sulfate electrolytes. The faster carbon fiber anode phenol oxidation is due to its large surface area. Carbonate radicals in the carbonate electrolyte contribute to phenol oxidation as well as further intermediate oxidation. The carbon fiber cathode was not an effective phenol oxidizer even though it generated more hydrogen peroxide. This is because there was no catalyst to transform the hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals. Results indicate that electrochemical oxidation using carbon fiber is an effective method for treating phenol found in groundwater with high concentrations of (bi)carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Min
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekie-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekie-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekie-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Benhadji A, Ahmed MT. Yellow 2G dye degradation by electro-Fenton process using steel electrode as catalysis and its phytotoxicity effect. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:565-576. [PMID: 32960800 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous electro-Fenton process degradation of Yellow 2G from wastewater was studied using a batch reactor. The COD of the wastewater used in treatment experiments was 163 mg O2·L-1 and the BOD5 was 17 mg O2·L-1 (hardly biodegradable). The treatment of the wastewater at different current densities (2.5 mA·cm- 2-12.5 mA·cm- 2), solution pH (3 and 6.6), reaction times (5-25 min), electrolyte nature (NaCl, Na2SO4) and electrolyte concentrations (0.15 g·L- 1-1 g·L- 1) was investigated. According to the results, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process was suitable for the decolorization of wastewater containing Yellow 2G. The optimum conditions were current density of 12.5 mA·cm-2, initial pH of the wastewater neutral, 25 min of electrolysis treatment using an additive steel electrode as a source of catalysis and in the presence of 1 g NaCl·L-1. We obtained easily biodegradable water with a mineralization rate equal to 85% and non-toxicity confirmed by the pea grain germination test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Benhadji
- Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty GM_GP, BP 32, El Alia, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Mourad Taleb Ahmed
- Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty GM_GP, BP 32, El Alia, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria E-mail:
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Wu D, Lu D, Sun F, Zhou Y. Process optimization for simultaneous antibiotic removal and precious metal recovery in an energy neutral process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133914. [PMID: 31756851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemical and physical methods to remove antibiotics from wastewater consume large amount of energy and chemicals, and the efficiency of biological process in converting antibiotics is relatively low. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) has been employed to degrade recalcitrant organic compounds recently. Given it is an energy consuming device, it would be more sustainable if driven by renewable energy, e.g. power from microbial fuel cell (MFC). Here, chloramphenicol (CAP) was chosen as a representative antibiotic that is abundant in the environment, and Ag ion contained wastewater as electron acceptor in MFC, to demonstrate the feasibility of a self-driven system for recalcitrant removal and resource recovery. It was found that CAP removal in MEC can be successfully driven by Ag(I) reduced MFC without external energy consumption. Method of one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design were used to evaluate the system performance. Under the optimum condition, 99.8% of Ag(I) in MFC and 98.8% of CAP in MEC can be converted. EDX and XPS revealed that pure silver was obtained on the surface of electrode in MFC, reflecting Ag(I) was reduced to valuable product. The concept and methods developed in this study can be also applied to design other types of self-driven BES systems for simultaneous pollutants removal and resources recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Dan Lu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Faqian Sun
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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11
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Zhou P, Wan J, Wang X, Chen J, Gong Y, Xu K. Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Porous Carbon Cathode Derived from Waste Tea Leaves for the Electrocatalytic Degradation of Phenol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12914-12926. [PMID: 31525935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea leaves have been explored as an economically viable and environmentally friendly source of biomass carbon. Tea leaf porous carbon (TPC) with a three-dimensional (3D) structure was prepared by a potassium hydroxide pretreatment and high-temperature calcination method, and the preparation process was simple and self-templating. The prepared TPC has a large specific surface area (1620.05 m2 g-1), three-dimensional multilayer pore structure, uniform pore size, and high oxygen content (15.51%). Both the calcination temperature and the activation level have an effect on the structure and performance of the TPC. The TPC electrode can generate a large amount of hydrogen peroxide in the initial stage of the degradation process, thereby increasing the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated and removing organic pollutants. Therefore, phenol was used to test the degradation effects and evaluate the degradation performance of TPC. Under suitable degradation conditions, TPC-800-2 showed a 95.41% degradation rate after 120 min of degradation, which is superior to that of other calcination temperatures and activation levels. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand after 180 min was 90.0% and showed good stability after being used 20 times. Our work illustrates that a simple, high-performance self-templating synthetic strategy for producing novel 3D-TPC from biomass sources can play a significant role in the actual wastewater treatment of other biomass materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Material Science , Heilongjiang University , Xuefu Road 74 , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Jiafeng Wan
- School of Chemistry and Material Science , Heilongjiang University , Xuefu Road 74 , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Xirui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science , Heilongjiang University , Xuefu Road 74 , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Material Science , Heilongjiang University , Xuefu Road 74 , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Yuguo Gong
- School of Chemistry and Material Science , Heilongjiang University , Xuefu Road 74 , Harbin 150080 , China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science , Heilongjiang University , Xuefu Road 74 , Harbin 150080 , China
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12
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of applying commercial activated carbons currently used in water treatment plants and modified carbon at 400 and 800 °C in the atmosphere of air, water vapour and carbon dioxide to remove chloramphenicol. Adsorption kinetics was examined for solutions with pH of 2–10. Adsorption kinetics were determined for the initial concentration of chloramphenicol of 161 mg/dm3 and the adsorption isotherm was determined for the concentrations of 161 to 1615 mg/dm3. Of the analysed activated carbons (F-300, F-100, WG-12, ROW 08 Supra and Picabiol), the highest adsorption capacity was obtained for the use of Picabiol (214 mg/g), characterized by the highest specific surface area and pore volume. The pH value of the solution has little effect on the adsorption of chloramphenicol (the highest adsorption was found for pH = 10, qm = 190 mg/g, whereas the lowest—for pH = 6, qm = 208 mg/g). Modification of activated carbon WG-12 at 800 °C caused an increase in adsorption capacity from 195 mg/g (unmodified carbon) to 343 mg/g. A high correlation coefficient was found between the capacity of activated carbons and the total volume of micropores and mesopores. Among the examined adsorption kinetics equations (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion), the lowest values of the R2 correlation coefficient were obtained for the pseudo-first order equation. Other models with high correlation coefficient values described the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption results were modelled by means of the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubibin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherms. For all activated carbons and process conditions, the best match to the test results was obtained using the Langmuir model, whereas the lowest was found for the Dubibin–Radushkevich model.
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2008–2017 Bogota River Water Quality Assessment based on the Water Quality Index. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a deep analysis of the water quality at the upper basin of the Bogota River (Colombia) between 2008 and 2017. The Water Quality Index has been the indicator employed to determine the ecological status of the river. This index was chosen in order to normalize the analysis, given that it is commonly used by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies, a government agency of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Colombia, to determine the state of surface effluents. The results obtained were organized in a double-entry matrix in order to relate the variables of the sample period and the sampling station. The research revealed an insufficient quality of water, demonstrating that the high stretch of the Bogota River basin has, in general, regular or acceptable water quality, while only five stations showed an acceptable status. Surprisingly, the stations located close to the wastewater treatment plants of the municipalities of Choconta, Suesca, Gachancipa, and Tocancipa, as well as Rio Negro, have a poor water quality, discharging a high load of contaminants into the river. Although great efforts have been made by Colombian authorities to restore the critical state of the majority of their aquatic ecosystems, recent implementation of policies and instruments have not shown significant achievements yet. For this reason, this study aims to present a powerful decision-tool for the monitoring and evaluation of correction measures implemented on this river basin. The data used in this research were provided by the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cundinamarca.
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14
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Poza-Nogueiras V, Rosales E, Pazos M, Sanromán MÁ. Current advances and trends in electro-Fenton process using heterogeneous catalysts - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2018. [PMID: 29529567 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, advanced oxidation processes have often been used alone, or combined with other techniques, for remediation of ground and surface water pollutants. The application of heterogeneous catalysis to electrochemical advanced oxidation processes is especially useful due to its efficiency and environmental safety. Among those processes, electro-Fenton stands out as the one in which heterogeneous catalysis has been broadly applied. Thus, this review has introduced an up-to-date collation of the current knowledge of the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process, highlighting recent advances in the use of different catalysts such as iron minerals (pyrite, magnetite or goethite), prepared catalysts by the load of metals in inorganic and organic materials, nanoparticles, and the inclusion of catalysts on the cathode. The effects of physical-chemical parameters as well as the mechanisms involved are critically assessed. Finally, although the utilization of this process to remediation of wastewater overwhelmingly outnumber other utilities, several applications have been described in the context of regeneration of adsorbent or the remediation of soils as clear examples of the feasibility of the electro-Fenton process to solve different environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Poza-Nogueiras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Emilio Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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15
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Tang B, Du J, Feng Q, Zhang J, Wu D, Jiang X, Dai Y, Zou J. Enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals on well-crystallized molybdenum trioxide/nano-graphite anode with sesame cake-like structure for degradation of bio-refractory antibiotic. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 517:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Mashayekhi M. Decomposition of ibuprofen in water via an electrochemical process with nano-sized carbon black-coated carbon cloth as oxygen-permeable cathode integrated with ultrasound. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:471-480. [PMID: 29232640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of the present investigation was the treatment of ibuprofen (IBP)-polluted aquatic phase using a novel oxygen-permeable cathode (OPC)-equipped electrochemical process (ECP) integrated with ultrasound (US). According to kinetic modeling, the decomposition rate of IBP by the integrated process was 3.2 × 10-2 min-1 which was significant in comparison with the OPC-equipped ECP (1.4 × 10-2 min-1) and US alone (2.4 × 10-3 min-1). Increasing the current resulted in the enhanced generation of H2O2 and consequently, improved the degradation of IBP in the solution. Excessive concentrations of Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte led to no significant enhancement in the reactor efficiency. At initial IBP concentration of 1 mg L-1, complete removal of IBP with reaction rate of 1.7 × 10-1 min-1 was happened within a short reaction time of 30 min. The pulse mode of US led to more than 10% increase in the removal efficiency compared with the normal mode. The presence of scavenging compound of methanol caused the highest drop in the efficiency of the integrated treatment process, indicating the substantial role of free hydroxyl radicals in the degradation of IBP. Intermediate byproducts generated in the solution during the decomposition were also identified and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masumeh Mashayekhi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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17
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Jin T, Wan J, Dai C, Qu S, Shao J, Ma F. A simple method to prepare high specific surface area reed straw activated carbon cathodes for in situ generation of H2O2 and ·OH for phenol degradation in wastewater. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Li K, Liu J, Li J, Wan Z. Effects of N mono- and N/P dual-doping on H 2O 2, OH generation, and MB electrochemical degradation efficiency of activated carbon fiber electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:800-810. [PMID: 29874753 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pure N mono- and N/P dual-doped cotton-stalk-derived activated carbon fibers (CSCFs) were synthesized by steam, HNO3(CSCF-N), NH3(CSCF-A), and (NH4)3PO4(CSCF-N/P) treatments. This study investigated how three different N/P modifiers affected the pore structure, chemical property, H2O2 generation ability, and electrocatalytic activity of methylene blue (MB) degradation of CSCFs in an electric-Fenton system. Results confirmed that the three employed treatments effectively doped N/P in the carbon lattice and slightly changed the pore structures. NH3 and (NH4)3PO4 were the most effective modifiers for the N mono-doping and N/P dual-doping of CSCFs, respectively. Among the fabricated CSCFs, the N/P dual-doped CSCF-N/P demonstrated the highest electrochemical activity in an electro-Fenton system, followed by the N mono-doped CSCF-A, the CSCF-N, and the raw CSCF. In contrast to the CSCF electrode, the CSCF-N/P electrode exhibited enhanced H2O2, OH generation, and MB degradation efficiency by 42%, 41%, and 35%, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the electrochemical decolorization efficiency of MB (initial concentration, 100 mg L-1) of the CSCF-N/P reached 93% after 150 min and was 24.1% higher than that of the CSCF. By the tenth cycle, 82.2% of the MB could still be decomposed, suggesting the excellent stability and reusability of the N/P co-doped CSCF electrode. The outstanding electrocatalytic performance of the CSCF-N/P electrode is primarily due to the simultaneous doping of active N/P sites with low activation energy and introduction of mesopores with strong trapping forces for MB. The MB reduction catalyzed by CSCF electrodes followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the reaction rate depended on the modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunquan Li
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China.
| | - Jiamin Liu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Zeqing Wan
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210031, China.
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19
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Popescu M, Sandu C, Rosales E, Pazos M, Lazar G, Sanromán MÁ. Evaluation of different cathodes and reaction parameters on the enhancement of the electro-Fenton process. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Yu H, Zhao M, Zhang L, Dong H, Yu H, Chen Z. Investigation and improvement of a novel double-working-electrode electrochemical system for organic matter treatment from high-salinity wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2907-2915. [PMID: 28084144 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1282543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel double-working-electrode electrochemical system with air diffusion cathode (ADC) and Ti/SnO2-Sb anode (TSSA) has shown higher efficiency and lower energy consumption for the degradation of organic pollutant from high-salinity wastewater, compared to the traditional single anode system. To further investigate and improve this system, in this work, firstly the effect of vital factors of the double-working-electrode electrochemical system including initial methyl orange (MO) concentration, NaCl concentration and initial pH value of organic solution were investigated, using MO as the targeted organic pollutant, carbon black ADC (CBAC) as cathode and stainless steel mesh electrode (SSME) as control. Besides, for the further improvement of removal performance, a novel home-made activated carbon-ADC (ACAC) was studied as cathode with the same investigation process. The results showed that, in the experiments studying the effect of both initial MO and NaCl concentrations, the removal performance was in the order of TSSA-ACAC > TSSA-CBAC > TSSA-SSME in all conditions of initial MO and NaCl concentrations. However, with the pH value reduced from 6.0 to 3.0, the performances of three systems turned to be much closer to each other. Besides, ACAC played a synergistic role in MO removal by greatly improving the MO removal performance and enhancing its adaptability to the reactor parametric variation. ACAC created a weak acidic environment for accelerating the indirect electro-oxidation of MO on TSSA. The MO degradation pathways in the three systems were the same but the TSSA-ACAC system gave a higher degradation kinetics order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- a Research Center for Cleaner Production, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Water Resources Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Min Zhao
- a Research Center for Cleaner Production, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Linus Zhang
- b Department of Water Resources Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Heng Dong
- a Research Center for Cleaner Production, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Yu
- a Research Center for Cleaner Production, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Chen
- a Research Center for Cleaner Production, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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21
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Lin Y, Yu J, Xing Z, Guo X, Yu X, Tang B, Zou J. Enhanced generation of H 2 O 2 and radicals on Co 9 S 8 /partly-graphitized carbon cathode for degradation of bio-refractory organic wastewater. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Bocos E, Brillas E, Sanromán MÁ, Sirés I. Electrocoagulation: Simply a Phase Separation Technology? The Case of Bronopol Compared to Its Treatment by EAOPs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7679-7686. [PMID: 27328254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) has long been considered a phase separation process, well suited for industrial wastewater treatment since it causes a quick, drastic decay of organic matter content. This research demonstrates that EC also behaves, at least for some molecules like the industrial preservative bronopol, as an effective transformation technology able to yield several breakdown products. This finding has relevant environmental implications, pointing to EC as a greener process than described in literature. A thorough optimization of EC was performed with solutions of bronopol in a simulated water matrix, yielding the complete disappearance of the parent molecule within 20 min at 200 mA (∼20 mA/cm(2)), using Fe as the anode and cathode. A 25% of total organic carbon (TOC) abatement was attained as maximum, with bronopol being converted into bromonitromethane, bromochloromethane, formaldehyde and formic acid. N atoms were accumulated as NO3(-), whereas Br(-) was stable once released. This suggests that mediated oxidation by active chlorine, as well as by hydroxyl radicals resulting from its reaction with iron ions, is the main transformation mechanism. Aiming to enhance the mineralization, a sequential combination of EC with electro-Fenton (EF) as post-treatment process was proposed. EF with boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode ensured the gradual TOC removal under the action of (•)OH and BDD((•)OH), also transforming Br(-) into BrO3(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Bocos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo , Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo , Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Plakas KV, Sklari SD, Yiankakis DA, Sideropoulos GT, Zaspalis VT, Karabelas AJ. Removal of organic micropollutants from drinking water by a novel electro-Fenton filter: Pilot-scale studies. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 91:183-194. [PMID: 26795303 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To assess the performance of a novel 'filter'-type electro-Fenton (EF) device, results are reported from pilot-scale studies of continuous water treatment, to degrade diclofenac (DCF), a typical organic micro-pollutant, with no addition of oxidants. The novel 'filter' consisted of three pairs of anode/cathode electrodes made of carbon felt, with cathodes impregnated with iron nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3/F3O4 oxides). The best 'filter' performance was obtained at applied potential of 2 V and low water superficial velocities (∼0.09 cm/s), i.e., the mineralization current efficiency (MCE) was >20%, during continuous steady state treatment of tap water with low DCF concentrations (16 μg/L). The EF 'filter' exhibited satisfactory stability regarding both electrode integrity (no iron leaching) and removal efficiency, even after multiple filtration/oxidation treatment cycles, achieving (under steady conditions) DCF and TOC removal 85% and 36%, respectively. This performance is considered satisfactory because the EF process took place under rather unfavorable conditions, such as neutral pH, low dissolved O2 concentration, low electrical conductivity, and presence of natural organic matter and inorganic ions in tap water. Ongoing R&D is aimed at 'filter' development and optimization for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos V Plakas
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology - Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR 57001, Greece.
| | - Stella D Sklari
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology - Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Yiankakis
- TEMAK AETE, DA13 Street, Industrial Area Thessaloniki, Sindos, Thessaloniki, GR 57022, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis T Zaspalis
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology - Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR 57001, Greece; Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Anastasios J Karabelas
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology - Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, Thessaloniki, GR 57001, Greece
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24
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Mechanism for enhancing biodegradability of antibiotic pharmacy wastewater by in-situ generation of H2O2 and radicals over MnOx/nano-G/2-EAQ/AC cathode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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