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Zhao X, Xu H, Chen M, Chen Y, Kong X. Enhancement of norfloxacin degradation by citrate in S-nZVI@Ps system: Chelation and FeS layer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117981. [PMID: 38142729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of organic pollution by sulfur-modified nano zero-valent iron(S-nZVI) combined with advanced oxidation systems has been extensively studied. However, the low utilization of nZVI and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield in the system have limited its wide application. Herein, a natural organic acid commonly found in citrus fruits, citric acid (CA), was combined with the conventional S-nZVI@Ps system to enhance the degradation of norfloxacin (NOR). The addition of CA increased the NOR removal by about 31% compared with the conventional S-nZVI@Ps system under the same experimental conditions. Among them, the enhanced effect of CA is mainly reflected in its ability to promote the release of Fe2+ and accelerate the cycling of Fe2+ and Fe3+ to further improve the utilization of nZVI and the generation of ROS; it also promotes the dissolution of the active substance (FeS) on the surface of S-nZVI to further improve the degradation rate of NOR. More importantly, the chelate of CA and Fe2+ (CA-Fe2+) had higher reactivity than alone Fe2+. Free radical quenching and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments indicated that the main ROS for the degradation of NOR in the CA/S-nZVI@Ps system were SO4•- and OH•. CA-bound sulfur-modifying effects on NOR degradation was systematically investigated, and the degradation mechanism of NOR in CA/S-nZVI@Ps system was explored by various techniques. Additionally, the effect of common anions in water matrix on the degradation of NOR in CA/S-nZVI@Ps system and its degradation of various pollutants were also studied. This study provides a new perspective to enhance the degradation of pollutants by S-nZVI combined with advanced oxidation system, which can help to solve the application boundary problem of S-nZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| | - Minzhang Chen
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiuqing Kong
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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2
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López-Campos B, Paniagua SA, Vega-Baudrit JR, Muñoz-Arrieta R, Guerrero-Gutiérrez EMA. Accelerated Cr (VI) removal by a three-dimensional electro-Fenton system using green iron nanoparticles. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e10981. [PMID: 38264917 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Green-synthesized iron nanoparticles (GAP-FeNP) were used as particle electrodes in a three-dimensional electro-Fenton (3DEF) process to accelerate the removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)]. Removal was evaluated by varying the pH (3.0, 6.0, and 9.0) and initial Cr (VI) concentrations (10, 30, and 50 mg/L) at 5 and 25 min. These results demonstrated that GAP-FeNP/3DEF treatment achieved more than 94% Cr (VI) removal under all tested conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that Cr (VI) removal exceeded 98% under pH 9.0 in all experimental parameters tested. The results of the response surface methodology (RSM) determined two optimal conditions: the first, characterized by a pH of 3.0, Cr (VI) concentration at 50 mg/L, and 25 min, yielded a Cr (VI) removal of 99.7%. The second optimal condition emerged at pH 9.0, with Cr (VI) concentrations of 10 mg/L and 5 min, achieving a Cr (VI) removal of 99.5%. This study highlights the potential of the GAP-FeNP to synergistically accelerate Cr (VI) removal by the 3DEF process, allowing faster elimination and expansion of the alkaline (pH 9.0) applicability. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The required time for >99% of Cr (VI) removal by the GAP-FeNP/3DEF process was shortened from 25 to 5 min. EF process with GAP-FeNP reduces the time necessary for Cr (VI) removal, which is 67% faster than conventional methods. EF process using GAP-FeNP removed >94% of Cr (VI) after 25 min for all initial Cr (VI) concentrations and pH treatments. Cr (VI) removal by the GAP-FeNP/3DEF process was >98% at a pH of 9.0, widening the solution pH applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian López-Campos
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Sergio A Paniagua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología (LANOTEC CeNAT), Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Rectores, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología (LANOTEC CeNAT), Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Rectores, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio de Polímeros POLIUNA, Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Arrieta
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CeNAT-CONARE), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Edward M A Guerrero-Gutiérrez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Ng WM, Chong WH, Abdullah AZ, Lim J. Exploring the Impact of Surface Functionalization on the Reaction, Magnetophoretic, and Collective Transport Behavior of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17270-17285. [PMID: 37976676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a systematic analysis of the transport and magnetophoretic behavior of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles, both bare and surface functionalized by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), after undergoing a chemical reaction. Here, a simple and well-investigated chemical reaction of methyl orange (MO) degradation by nZVI was used as a model reaction system, and the sand column transport and low-gradient magnetophoretic profiles of the nanoparticles were measured before and after the reaction. The results were compared over time and analyzed in the context of extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory to understand the particle interactions involved. The colloidal stability of both bare and functionalized nZVI particles was enhanced after the reaction due to the consumption of metallic Fe content, resulting in a significant drop in their magnetic properties. As a result, they exhibited improved mobility across the sand column and a slower magnetophoretic collection rate compared to the unreacted particles. Here, the colloidal filtration theory (CFT) was employed to analyze the transport behavior of nZVI particles across the packed sand column. It has been observed that the surface properties of the reacted functionalized particles changed, possibly due to the entrapment of degraded products within the polymer adlayer. Moreover, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements were performed to reveal the viscoelastic contribution of the adlayer formed by both bare and functionalized nZVI particles after the reaction on influencing their transport behavior across the sand column. Finally, we proposed the implementation of a high-gradient magnetic trap (HGMT) to reduce the transport distance of the colloidally stable CMC-nZVI, both before and after the reaction. This study sheds light on the behavioral changes of iron nanoparticles after the reaction and highlights environmental concerns regarding the presence of reacted nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ming Ng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wai Hong Chong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - JitKang Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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4
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Xu P, Wang L, Liu X, Xie S, Hou B. Vitamin C promoted refractory organic contaminant elimination in the zero-valent iron/peracetic acid system: Efficiency, mechanism and effects of various parameters. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138481. [PMID: 36958501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The conventional zero-valent iron/peracetic acid (ZVI/PAA) system is severely limited owing to the passivation of ZVI and the low recovery of Fe2+. In this study, a reducing agent, vitamin C (H2A), was used for the first time to enhance the ZVI/PAA system as a way to improve its degradation performance. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of the H2A/ZVI/PAA system was 82.9%, while that of the H2A/PAA and ZVI/PAA systems were only 19.0% and 25.6%. Free radical quenching and electron paramagnetic experiments (EPR) confirmed that CH3C(O)O•, •OH and CH3C(O)OO• were the major active species for acid orange 7 (AO7) degradation with contributions of 9.7%, 75% and 14.4%, respectively. The degradation mechanism was proposed through UV-vis full-wavelength scanning and chemical oxygen demand (COD) experiments. The removal of AO7 was not affected in the presence of Cl-, SO42- and HCO3-, while inhibition occurred with humic acid. ZVI exhibited excellent catalytic properties and stability, and the removal efficiency of AO7 exceeded 70% after three cycles. Additionally, the H2A/ZVI/PAA system showed good ability to remove AO7 in well water, lake water, river water and reservoir water, and the elimination efficiency of MO, DCF and ACE also exceeded 70%. Overall, this study contributes new cognition for enhancing the ZVI/PAA system to degrade contaminants, which is expected to achieve a cleaner water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shiqi Xie
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Baolin Hou
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
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5
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Dang G, Jia Y, Guo L, Yang Y, Zhi J, Li X. Tannin-functionalized Mn3O4 as support for FeNiB alloy to construct sono-Fenton-like reaction for the degradation of antibiotic pollutants in water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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6
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Ahmed N, Vione D, Rivoira L, Castiglioni M, Beldean-Galea MS, Bruzzoniti MC. Feasibility of a Heterogeneous Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Fenton-like Process for the Removal of Glyphosate from Water. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052214. [PMID: 36903460 PMCID: PMC10005206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide, and it is an important environmental pollutant that can have adverse effects on human health. Therefore, remediation and reclamation of contaminated streams and aqueous environments polluted by glyphosate is currently a worldwide priority. Here, we show that the heterogeneous nZVI-Fenton process (nZVI + H2O2; nZVI: nanoscale zero-valent iron) can achieve the effective removal of glyphosate under different operational conditions. Removal of glyphosate can also take place in the presence of excess nZVI, without H2O2, but the high amount of nZVI needed to remove glyphosate from water matrices on its own would make the process very costly. Glyphosate removal via nZVI--Fenton was investigated in the pH range of 3-6, with different H2O2 concentrations and nZVI loadings. We observed significant removal of glyphosate at pH values of 3 and 4; however, due to a loss in efficiency of Fenton systems with increasing pH values, glyphosate removal was no longer effective at pH values of 5 or 6. Glyphosate removal also occurred at pH values of 3 and 4 in tap water, despite the occurrence of several potentially interfering inorganic ions. Relatively low reagent costs, a limited increase in water conductivity (mostly due to pH adjustments before and after treatment), and low iron leaching make nZVI-Fenton treatment at pH 4 a promising technique for eliminating glyphosate from environmental aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Luca Rivoira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Castiglioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Mihail S. Beldean-Galea
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Concetta Bruzzoniti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (M.C.B.)
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7
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Mohamed F, Abukhadra MR, Khan AAP, Alamry KA, Asiri AM, Shaban M. Superior removal of methylene blue using green fabricated pomegranate peel/nano-hematite composite: reusability, isotherm and kinetics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12413-12425. [PMID: 34569410 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1971111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Green hematite nanoparticles were synthesized using pomegranate peel extract of different concentrations (2 g, 4 g, and 6 g) and in the presence of the peel residuals. The obtained products defined as PP/GNH (I), PP/GNH (II), and PP/GNH (III) referring to the hematite nanoparticles at different concentrations compositing with pomegranate peel residuals. The products were addressed as green adsorbents for methylene blue dye contaminants in water. They exhibit superior adsorption properties with theoretical qmax of 666, 1111, and 909 mg/g for PP/GNH (I), PP/GNH (II), and PP/GNH (III), respectively. The equilibration times were attained after 480 min for the three products. The isotherm and kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption systems for the synthetic materials are of chemisorption type. The adsorption behaviors of these systems can be demonstrated according to Pseudo-second order as well as Elovich kinetic model. Furthermore, the adsorption results reflected a mono-layer uptake form which was more suitable for the Langmuir model than other investigated models. The products also showed high performances when it comes to remove the dyes investigated such as methylene blue Congo red, safranin, methyl orange, and crystal violet. Finally, green fabricated nano hematite/pomegranate peel composites are of high stability and can be reused for five cycles.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mohamed
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, Almadinah Almonawara, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Media by Fenton-like Sonolysis/H2O2 Process Using Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196308. [PMID: 36234843 PMCID: PMC9573736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of antibiotics have been identified in aqueous media, which has diminished the quality of water resources. These compounds are usually highly toxic and have low biodegradability, and there have been reports about their mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to apply zero-valent iron-oxide nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and the sonolysis process for the removal of the amoxicillin antibiotic from aqueous media. In this study, zero-valent iron nanoparticles were prepared by an iron chloride reduction method in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4), and the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). Then, using a Fenton-like process, synthetic wastewater containing 100 to 500 mg/L amoxicillin antibiotic was investigated, and the effects of different parameters, such as the frequency (1 and 2 kHz), contact time (15 to 120 min), the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.3%, 0.5%, and 6%), the dose of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 g/L), and pH (3, 5, 10) were thoroughly studied. A pH of 3, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3%, ultrasonic-wave frequency of 130 kHz, zero-valent iron nanoparticles of 0.5 g/L, and contaminant concentration of 100 mg/L were obtained as the optimal conditions of the combined US/H2O2/nZVI process. Under the optimal conditions of the combined process of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ultrasonic waves, a 99.7% removal efficiency of amoxicillin was achieved in 120 min. The results show that the combined US/H2O2/nZVI process could be successfully used to remove environmental contaminants, including antibiotics such as amoxicillin, with a high removal percentage.
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Meropoulis S, Giannoulia S, Skandalis S, Rassias G, Aggelopoulos C. Key-Study on Plasma-Induced Degradation of Cephalosporins in Water: Process Optimization, Assessment of Degradation Mechanisms and Residual Toxicity. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Jalali S, Ardjmand M, Ramavandi B, Nosratinia F. Elimination of amoxicillin using zeolite Y-sea salt as a good catalyst for activation of hydrogen peroxide: Investigating degradation pathway and the effect of wastewater chemistry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114045. [PMID: 34749086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The sea contains elements that can play a useful role in catalyzing reactions. Therefore, this research was done to focus on eliminating amoxicillin (AMX) from wastewater utilizing zeolite Y- sea salt catalyst in the presence of H2O2. The influences of furnace temperature (200-500 °C) and time duration in the furnace (1-4 h) were optimized during catalyst generation. Also, the effects of different parameters on AMX removal, such as pH (5.0-9.0), catalyst dose (0-10 g.L-1), AMX concentration (50-300 mg.L-1), contact time (10-130 min), and H2O2 concentration (0-6 mL/100 mL distilled water) were investigated. Different analyses like Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to reveal catalyst properties. The BET-specific surface area of the catalyst (12.69 m2g-1) insignificantly (p-value > 0.05) changed after AMX removal (13.04 m2g-1), indicating the strength of the prepared catalyst. The active groups of N-H, O-H-O, O-Si-O, C-H, Si-O-Si, and Si-O-Al were determined in the catalyst structure. The highest removal of AMX (93%) was achieved in the zeolite-sea salt/H2O2 system at a pH level of 6.0 and an H2O2 concentration of 0.1 mL/100 mL. Elimination of the AMX followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The catalyst was reclaimed up to 7 times and the removal efficiency was suitable up to the fifth stage. The by-products and reaction pathways were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that zeolite-sea salt can be utilized as an H2O2 activator for the effective degradation of AMX from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setare Jalali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1777613651, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ardjmand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1777613651, Iran.
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran.
| | - Ferial Nosratinia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1777613651, Iran
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11
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Wu J, Bai J, Wang Z, Liu Z, Mao Y, Liu B, Zhu X. UV-assisted nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/Fe 3O 4 composite activated peroxodisulfate degradation of norfloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:95-106. [PMID: 32498610 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1779353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We reported the preparation of NGO-Fe3O4 by simple hydrothermal-co-precipitation. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was demonstrated that norfloxacin (NOR) could be effectively degraded by the UV/NGO-Fe3O4/PDS system. The degradation efficiency reached 100% within 13 min (the concentration of NOR and S2O82- were 100 mg L-1 and 1 mM, respectively; m(NGO-Fe3O4): m(PDS) = 4: 1; pH: 3.0). In addition, NGO-Fe3O4 showed stable catalytic activity in recycling. The analysis found that the in-situ generated ·OH was the main active free radicals but SO4-⋅ also participated in the NOR degradation. Based on the identified intermediates, the NOR degradation pathways were proposed with UV/NGO-Fe3O4/PDS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaodong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Mechanism of significant enhancement of VO2-Fenton-like reactions by oxalic acid for diethyl phthalate degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Wang P, Fu F, Liu T. A review of the new multifunctional nano zero-valent iron composites for wastewater treatment: Emergence, preparation, optimization and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131435. [PMID: 34256206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) with high chemical reactivity and environmental friendliness had recently become one of the most efficient technologies for wastewater restoration. However, the unitary NZVI system had not met practical requirements for wastewater treatments. Expectantly, the development of NZVI would prefer multifunctional NZVI-based composites, which could be prepared and optimized by the combined methods and technologies. Consequently, a systematic and comprehensive summary from the perspective of multifunctional NZVI-composite had been conducted. The results demonstrated that the advantages of various systems were integrated by multifunctional NZVI-composite systems with a more significant performance of pollutant removal than those of the bare NZVI and its composites. Simultaneously, characteristics of the product prepared by the incorporation of numerous methods were superior to those by a simple method, resulting in the increase of the entirety efficiency. By comparison with other preparation methods, the ball milling method with higher production and field application potential was worthy of attention. After combining multiple technologies, the effect of NZVI and its composite systems could be dramatically strengthened. Preparation technology parameters and treatment effect of contaminants could be further optimized using more comprehensive experimental designs and mathematical models. The mechanism of the multifunctional NZVI system for contaminants treatment was primarily focused on adsorption, oxidation, reduction and co-precipitation. Multiple techniques were combined to enhance the dispersion, alleviating passivation, accelerating electron transfer efficiency or mass transfer action for optimizing the effect of NZVI composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, PR China; School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fugang Fu
- PowerChina Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited, 300387, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Tingyi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, PR China.
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14
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Du Y, Dai M, Naz I, Hao X, Wei X, Rong R, Peng C, Ali I. Carbothermal reduction synthesis of zero-valent iron and its application as a persulfate activator for ciprofloxacin degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Li Q, Chen Z, Wang H, Yang H, Wen T, Wang S, Hu B, Wang X. Removal of organic compounds by nanoscale zero-valent iron and its composites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148546. [PMID: 34465057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
During the latest several decades, the continuous development of the economy and industry has brought more and more serious organic pollutants to the natural environment, which have inevitably aroused severe menace to human health and the environmental system. The nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles and NZVI-based materials have widely applied to remove organic pollutants. This article reviews the key advancements of different methods for the synthesis of NZVI and NZVI-based materials. Different modification methods (e.g., doped NZVI, encapsulated NZVI and supported NZVI) are also introduced detailedly for overcoming the defects of NZVI such as aggregation and easy oxidation. The removal of different organic pollutants including dyes, halogenated organic compounds, nitro-organic compounds, phenolic compounds, pesticides, and antibiotics are summarized. The interaction mechanisms, including adsorption, reduction, and active oxidation of organic pollutants by NZVI/NZVI-based composites, are discussed. The dyes are mainly removed by destroying their chromogenic group according to the reduction or the Fenton-like reaction with NZVI. The removal of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) is realized by the dehalogenation process, including reductive elimination, hydrogenolysis, and hydrogenation. As for the nitro-organic compounds, three different reduction pathways as nitro-reduction (into amino), cleavage at the carbon‑nitrogen bond or denitration of the NO2 group may take effect. The phenolic compounds can be mineralized into inorganic molecules, including CO2 and H2O, by Fenton oxidation. This review might provide the basis for future studies on developing more effective NZVI-based materials for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhongshan Chen
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Huihui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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16
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Wang L, Yan T, Tang R, Ping Q, Li Y, Wang J. Motivation of reactive oxidation species in peracetic acid by adding nanoscale zero-valent iron to synergic removal of spiramycin under ultraviolet irradiation: Mechanism and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117684. [PMID: 34610551 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was added to motivate the functions of all the reactive oxidation species in peracetic acid (PAA) mixture under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and to enhance the removal of spiramycin, which is a typical precursor of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Spiramycin (≤ 10 mg/L) could be completely removed within 20 min under the conditions of an initial pH of 4.0, a nZVI dose of 0.02 g/L and a PAA dose of 3.0 mg/L; additionally, 95.8% and 78.8% of PAA and H2O2 were consumed during the process. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and quenching experiments confirmed that 52.4% and 44.8% of spiramycin removal was contributed by hydroxyl radical (•OH) and carbon-centered radicals (R-C•), respectively; and Fe2+ released from nZVI played a critical role in radicals generation. Four degradation pathways of spiramycin were proposed and verified by the density of functional theory analysis. 65.2% of the NDMA formation potential (FP) was reduced after the reaction, and its residual was mainly contributed by the undegraded intermediate of dimethylamine. The results of multiple characterizations and continuous degradation experiments indicated that nZVI was stable in the system as the removal of spiramycin was hardly influenced even if reused three times. The nZVI/UV/PAA process is a promising advanced oxidation technology not only for the removal of refractory NDMA precursors (such as spiramycin) but also for significantly lowering the NDMA FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ruijie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
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17
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Xue L, Zhao C, Mo Q, Zhou Y, Huang K. An electrodeless atmospheric microwave plasma jet for efficient degradation of antibiotic norfloxacin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 291:112729. [PMID: 33965705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasma technology is increasingly being used for the degradation of residual antibiotics in aquatic environments. However, the electrodes in conventional plasma generators are subject to erosion, which can pollute the reaction system and shorten its lifetime. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed an electrodeless high-flow atmospheric microwave plasma jet (MPJ) for fast and efficient degradation of residual norfloxacin (NOR), a typical fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is frequently detected in the aquatic environment owing to its widespread use in the treatment of various infectious diseases. Stable plasma was generated through a low-cost magnetron with the assistance of injection-locking technology. The degradation efficiency of NOR (20 mg/L) reached 98.27 ± 1.03% at 6 min and the mineralisation efficiency reached 68.67 ± 3.21% at 15 min. The fast degradation process of the NOR solution contributes to the large cross-section (approximately 153 mm2) of the plasma in direct contact with the solution. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavengers were used to identify the generated oxidising species, which indicated that their non-selective oxidation plays a major role in NOR degradation. Three main possible degradation pathways and mechanisms were proposed, namely the attack of •OH on the piperazine ring, quinolone ring, and benzene ring. The NOR solution was not toxic to Escherichia coli after 20 min of degradation. Thus, the high-flow atmospheric MPJ is an effective technology for the degradation of antibiotics in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China; School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Chaoxia Zhao
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Qi Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Kama Huang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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18
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Ashiq A, Vithanage M, Sarkar B, Kumar M, Bhatnagar A, Khan E, Xi Y, Ok YS. Carbon-based adsorbents for fluoroquinolone removal from water and wastewater: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111091. [PMID: 33794177 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the adsorptive removal of Fluoroquinolones (FQ) from water and wastewater. The influence of different physicochemical parameters on the adsorptive removal of FQ-based compounds is detailed. Further, the mechanisms involved in the adsorption of FQ-based antibiotics on various adsorbents are succinctly described. As the first of its kind, this paper emphasizes the performance of each adsorbent for FQ-type antibiotic removal based on partition coefficients of the adsorbents that is a more sensitive parameter than adsorption capacity for comparing the performances of adsorbents under various adsorbate concentrations and heterogeneous environmental conditions. It was found that π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions, electrostatic interactions, and pore-filling were the most prominent mechanisms for FQ adsorption by carbon and clay-based adsorbents. Among all the categories of adsorbents reviewed, graphene showed the highest performance for the removal of FQ antibiotics from water and wastewater. Based on the current state of knowledge, this review fills the gap through methodolically understanding the mechanism for further improvement of FQ antibiotics adsorption performance from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ashiq
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada - Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Yunfei Xi
- Institute for Future Environments & School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wang C, Yu G, Chen H, Wang J. Degradation of norfloxacin by hydroxylamine enhanced fenton system: Kinetics, mechanism and degradation pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129408. [PMID: 33388496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated a fast and efficient degradation of a typical antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) in a hydroxylamine enhanced Fenton (HA-Fenton) system, which showed a higher catalytic activity over a wider pH range (3.0-9.0). The removal efficiency of NOR was 96% at following conditions: 10 mg/L NOR, 10 μM Fe2+, 1.0 mM H2O2, 0.4 mM HA and pH 5.0. The degradation rate of NOR in the HA-Fenton system (0.23 min-1) was 10.9 times of that (0.021 min-1) in Fenton system. The addition of HA to Fenton system accelerated the conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+, leading to the high concentration of ·OH in the HA-Fenton system. Ten degradation transformation products were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS), consequently, three main degradation steps were proposed, including defluorination, quinolone group transformation, and defluorination and piperazinyl ring opening. Further analyses of NO3-, NO2- and F- after the reaction indicated that defluorination process was the crucial degradation step. The HA-Fenton system might offer an efficient alternative for degradation of antibiotics in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guoce Yu
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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20
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Xiao Y, Liu X, Huang Y, Kang W, Wang Z, Zheng H. Roles of hydroxyl and carbonate radicals in bisphenol a degradation via a nanoscale zero-valent iron/percarbonate system: influencing factors and mechanisms. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3636-3644. [PMID: 35424279 PMCID: PMC8694019 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08395j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, nanoscale-zero-valent iron (nZVI) was applied to activate sodium percarbonate (SPC) to eliminate bisphenol A (BPA), which poses a risk to ecological and human health as a typical endocrine disruptor. The influence of nZVI loading, SPC dosing, initial pH, and the presence of inorganic anions (including Cl-, HPO4 2-, NO3 - and NO2 -) and humic acid on BPA removal by the nZVI/SPC system were investigated. Based on the scavenger test results, ˙OH and CO3˙- participated in the degradation of BPA, and ˙OH was illustrated to be the dominant radical. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggested that surface iron oxide generation, electron transfer and Fe2+ release were the main processes of the SPC activation by nZVI. Moreover, BPA transformation products were detected by LC-MS allowing the proposal of a possible degradation pathway of BPA. Along with the degradation of the parent compound BPA, the total organic carbon (TOC) gradually decreased, while the bio-toxicity increased at the initial stage of the reaction (0-3 min) and then decreased to a lower level rapidly at 20 min. Overall, this study evidenced the feasibility of the nZVI/SPC system to efficiently degrade BPA, broadening the applications of nZVI in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Xiao
- Faculty of Science, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi 435003 China +86-0714-6348286 +86-0714-6348671
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Wei Kang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi 435003 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi 435003 China +86-0714-6348286 +86-0714-6348671
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Han Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi 435003 China +86-0714-6348286 +86-0714-6348671
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21
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Lin CC, Cheng YJ. Effectiveness of using nanoscale zero-valent iron and hydrogen peroxide in degrading sulfamethazine in water. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Yu W, Yang S, Du B, Zhang Z, Xie M, Chen Y, Zhao C, Chen X, Li Q. Feasibility and mechanism of enhanced 17β-estradiol degradation by the nano Zero Valent Iron-citrate system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122657. [PMID: 32361622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (17β-E2) as a non-conventional pollutant with high damage, the effective removal of 17β-E2 had been studied wildly. In recent years, nano materials application enabled the rapid removal of 17β-E2. Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) as one of the most widely used nano materials could also be used to degrade 17β-E2. But, the degradation performance of nZVI was limited by oxidation and aggregation. Therefore, this study explored the degradation mechanisms of 17β-E2 by nZVI and the enhancement mechanisms of nZVI by citrate. Firstly, 17β-E2 could be effectively degraded under acidic conditions without the addition of citrate. Citrate had protective effect on nZVI, so the degradation efficiency in neutral condition and degradation rate at all pH values of 17β-E2 were enhanced greatly in nZVI-citrate system. 17β-E2 degradation was mainly about group change and cleavage of ring A, as well as dominated by O2-▪ and OH∙ in the absence and presence of citrate. The formation of dimers and trimers proved the existence of laccase-like reaction during the 17β-E2 degradation process by nZVI. In nZVI-citrate system, the laccase-like reaction was replaced by specific cross-coupling of 17β-E2, E1, and citrate. Overall, the study proved that citrate could enhance the degradation of 17β-E2 by nZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Banghao Du
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Mingyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Chenju Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
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Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Heterogeneous Fenton Like Oxidation System Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron as a Catalyst. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oil and gas effluents contains highly toxic and harmful organic pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate and/or reduced the concertation of organic pollutants to a technologically acceptable levels before their discharge into water streams. This study investigates the application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for removal of organic pollutants from real oily produced water. Batch studies were performed and effect of different operating parameters, including concentration of nZVI and H2O2, pH and reaction time were studied. Moreover, optimization of independent variables was performed using central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental set up provided maximum removal efficiencies of 89.5% and 75.3% for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. The optimum values of independent variables such as concentrations of nZVI, and H2O2, contact time and pH were obtained as 4.35 g/L, 1.60 g/L, 199.9 min and 2.9, respectively. Predicted PAHs and COD removal efficiencies at the optimum values of independent variables were found as 89.3% and 75.7%, respectively which are in line with the experimental values. The study indicates that application of heterogeneous Fenton like oxidation system using nZVI as a catalyst is an efficient treatment method for removal of organic pollutants from real produced water.
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Rahdar A, Rahdar S, Askari F, Ahmadi S, Shahraki H, Mohammadi L, Sankar Sivasankarapillai V, Kyzas GZ. Effectiveness of graphene quantum dot nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous media: response surface methodology. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1807569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Somayeh Rahdar
- Department of Environmental Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Faezeh Askari
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hojat Shahraki
- Department of Environmental Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
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25
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Liu W, He T, Wang Y, Ning G, Xu Z, Chen X, Hu X, Wu Y, Zhao Y. Synergistic adsorption-photocatalytic degradation effect and norfloxacin mechanism of ZnO/ZnS@BC under UV-light irradiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11903. [PMID: 32681000 PMCID: PMC7368014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOF) is an environmentally harmful and ubiquitous aquatic pollutant with extensive production and application. In this study, a novel composition named carbon-based composite photocatalytic material of zinc oxide and zinc sulphide (ZnO/ZnS@BC) was successfully obtained by the impregnation-roasting method to remove NOF under UV-light. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer characterised the composition. ZnO/ZnS was successfully decorated on the surface of biochar (BC). The pH, the ZnSO4/PS ratio, and ions and quenchers, were investigated. High removal efficiency was obtained with a pH of 7 and a ZnSO4/PS ratio of 1:1, and the removal ratio of NOF reached 95% within three hours; the adsorption and degradation ratios reached 46% and 49%, respectively. Fe2+ promoted the degradation of NOF, whereas other ions inhibited it, with NO3- showing the strongest inhibitory effect. Three reactive species (tert-butanol, quinone, and ammonium oxala) were identified in the catalytic system. The decreasing order of the contribution of each reactive species was: O2- > ·OH- > h+. Additionally, a recycling experiment demonstrated the stability of the catalyst; the catalytic degradation ratio of NOF reached 78% after five successive runs. Therefore, ZnO/ZnS@BC possessed strong adsorption capacity and high ultraviolet photocatalysis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Tianpei He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ge Ning
- International Education Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Zhenggang Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.,College of Arts and Sciences, Governors State University, University Park, IL, 60484, USA
| | - Xinjiang Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yaohui Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Yunlin Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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26
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Du Y, Dai M, Cao J, Peng C, Ali I, Naz I, Li J. Efficient removal of acid orange 7 using a porous adsorbent-supported zero-valent iron as a synergistic catalyst in advanced oxidation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125522. [PMID: 31830643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of granular red mud reinforced by zero-valent iron (Fe@GRM) and its application for the removal acid orange 7 (AO7) from aqueous solution. Then ZVI is employed as a catalyst for the activation of persulfate (PS) to produce sulfate radicals (SO4•-) that are produced at 900 °C in an anoxic atmosphere using the direct reduction of iron oxide in the red mud with maize straw as the reductant. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are used to illustrate the morphology and porous structure of the Fe@GRM. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Fe@GRM was loaded with zero-valent iron. This characterization confirmed that the Fe@GRM was a porous structure material that contained zero-valent iron. The influence of conditions for AO7 elimination, including initial pH, Fe@GRM dosage, initial AO7 concentrations, and temperature, is also investigated. The removal efficiency of AO7 was 90.78% using Fe@GRM/PS, while only 18.15% was removed when Fe@GRM was used alone. The degradation kinetics were well fitted to a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the rate of removal increased with temperature, demonstrating an endothermic elimination process. The Arrhenius activation energy of the process was 20.77 kJ/mol, which indicated that the reduction of AO7 was a diffusion-mediated reaction. Fe@GRM is a low-cost material that demonstrated outstanding performance with great potential for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Du
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Min Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
| | - Jingfei Cao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
| | - Changsheng Peng
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Iffat Naz
- Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Juying Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Yang Y, Sun P. Fenton-Like Oxidation of Antibiotic Ornidazole Using Biochar-Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron as Heterogeneous Hydrogen Peroxide Activator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1324. [PMID: 32092868 PMCID: PMC7068595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biochar (BC)-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI-BC) was investigated as a heterogeneous Fenton-like activator to degrade the antibiotic ornidazole (ONZ). The characterization of nZVI-BC indicated that BC could enhance the adsorption of ONZ and reduce the aggregation of nZVI. Thus, nZVI-BC had a higher removal efficiency (80.1%) than nZVI and BC. The effects of parameters such as the nZVI/BC mass ratio, pH, H2O2 concentration, nZVI-BC dose, and temperature were systematically investigated, and the removal of ONZ followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Finally, possible pathways of ONZ in the oxidation process were proposed. The removal mechanism included the adsorption of ONZ onto the surface of nZVI-BC, the generation of •OH by the reaction of nZVI with H2O2, and the oxidation of ONZ. Recycling experiments indicated that the nZVI-BC/H2O2 system is a promising alternative for the treatment of wastewater containing ONZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.Y.); (P.S.)
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.Y.); (P.S.)
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.Y.); (P.S.)
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Li L, Yan Y, Liu H, Du J, Fu S, Zhao F, Xu SM, Zhou J. Hollow core/shell β-Bi2O3@WS2 p–n heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic degradation of fluoroquinolones: a theoretical and experimental study. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient visible-light-driven β-Bi2O3@WS2 p–n core–shell heterostructure was rationally designed using theoretical calculations and then fabricated via a facile self-assembly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Environment
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education)
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
| | - Yunhui Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- PR China
| | - Haiping Liu
- School of Environment
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education)
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
| | - Jinge Du
- School of Environment
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education)
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
| | - Shuai Fu
- School of Environment
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education)
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
| | - Fengying Zhao
- School of Environment
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education)
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
| | - Si-Min Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- School of Environment
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education)
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials and Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
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29
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Mao Q, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Liang L, Wang H, Luo S, Luo L, Jeyakumar P, Ok YS, Rizwan M. Experimental and theoretical aspects of biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron activating H 2O 2 for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 380:120848. [PMID: 31319334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin has been frequently detected in water environment, and its removal has become a significant public concern. Biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (BC/nZVI) to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has many advantages on promoting the removal of organic contaminants. In this paper, the BC/nZVI activating H2O2 degradation of ciprofloxacin was systematically investigated by experimental and theoretical approaches. The morphologies and property analysis showed that nZVI particles distributed uniformly on the biochar surface, which mainly include -OH, >CO and COC and CO groups. Different reaction conditions were compared to define the optimal conditions for ciprofloxacin removal in BC/nZVI/H2O2 system. More than 70% of ciprofloxacin was removed in the optimal conditions: acidic condition (pH 3∼4), low doses of H2O2 (20 mM), and temperature of 298 K. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) oxidation was the primary pathway in BC/nZVI/H2O2 degradation of ciprofloxacin process. The theoretical calculation indicated that hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) pathways were the dominant oxidation pathways contributing 92.3% in overall second‒order rate constants (k) of •OH and ciprofloxacin. The current results are valuable to evaluate the application of BC/nZVI activating H2O2 degradation of ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Mao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lifen Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Huang W, Wang F, Qiu N, Wu X, Zang C, Li A, Xu L. Enteromorpha prolifera-derived Fe 3C/C composite as advanced catalyst for hydroxyl radical generation and efficient removal for organic dye and antibiotic. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120728. [PMID: 31202067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enteromorpha prolifera-derived Fe3C/C composite has been fabricated through a facile one-step calcination method. As an advanced Fenton-like catalyst, the obtained Fe3C/C composite displayed high catalytic reactivity to generate hydroxyl radicals. It is worth to note that the removal rate of methylene blue (MB) could effectively reach 100% in a wide pH range (pH = 2˜12) and the maximum degradation capacity of the composite is 660 mg/g. The stability and reusability of Fe3C/C composite catalyst have also been tested, which could remain the removal rate at 100% after 6 consecutive runs. To illustrate the practical application possibility, the Fe3C/C composite catalyst was used for degradation of papermaking and dyeing waste water, which could reduce the COD (chemical oxygen demand) value to less than 50. Additionally, the antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) could also be catalytically removed by the Fe3C/C composite and the possible removal pathway has also been proposed. The excellent removal performance of Fe3C/C composite for MB and NOR may be attributed to the synergistic effect between porous carbon adsorption and Fe3C catalysis. This study not only provides novel insights into recycling of waste biomass, but also paves a new way for the application of Fe3C/C in dyes and antibiotics waste water treatment areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Na Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Chuansheng Zang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Aihua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Liqiang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Zhang G, Xue Y, Wang Q, Wang P, Yao H, Zhang W, Zhao J, Li Y. Photocatalytic oxidation of norfloxacin by Zn 0.9Fe 0.1S supported on Ni-foam under visible light irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:406-415. [PMID: 31112863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR) is an emerging antibiotics contaminant due to its high resistance to microbial degradation and natural weathering. In this study, Fe-doped ZnS photocatalyst (Zn0.9Fe0.1S) was deposited on nickel foam (Ni-foam) to improve photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The mass ratio of Zn0.9Fe0.1S and Ni-foam was optimized to be 0.03 g catalyst versus per g Ni-foam (0.03 Zn0.9Fe0.1S/Ni-foam), which led to the highest removal rate of 95%. The optimal degradation condition for NOR over 0.03 Zn0.9Fe0.1S/Ni-foam was pH at 7.0, initial NOR concentration of 5 mg L-1, and initial photocatalyst concentration of 11.7 g L-1, with the highest first-order reaction rate constant of 0.025 min-1 and mineralization rate of 63.1%. The NOR removal rate on 0.03 Zn0.9Fe0.1S/Ni-foam photocatalyst (95%) was approximately four times of that obtained on Zn0.9Fe0.1S photocatalyst (25%). The increased photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the function of Ni-foam as excellent electron collectors that provided efficient photoinduced charge separation from Zn0.9Fe0.1S. The reactive species responsible for the degradation of NOR were photo-generated holes, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radicals. Nearly 90% of the photocatalytic efficiency was retained over seven cycles and the released metal ion concentrations were <0.3% of the total mass of photocatalyst, suggesting high stability of the photocatalyst during the photocatalytic reactions. The aqueous/solid mass transfer and intraparticle mass transfer for Zn0.9Fe0.1S/Ni-foam were not limiting factors for the degradation of NOR. Therefore the Zn0.9Fe0.1S/Ni-foam photocatalyst could be applied in the degradation of hazardous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yanei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China; John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, 07102, USA.
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Rezaei F, Vione D. Effect of pH on Zero Valent Iron Performance in Heterogeneous Fenton and Fenton-Like Processes: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E3127. [PMID: 30501042 PMCID: PMC6320765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous Fenton processes with solid catalysts have gained much attention for water and wastewater treatment in recent years. In the field of solid catalysts, zero valent iron (ZVI) is among the most applicable due to its stability, activity, pollutant degradation properties and environmental friendliness. The main limitation in the use of ZVI in heterogeneous Fenton systems is due to its deactivation in neutral and alkaline conditions, and Fenton-like processes have been developed to overcome this difficulty. In this review, the effect of solution pH on the ZVI-Fenton performance is discussed. In addition, the pH trend of ZVI efficiency towards contaminants removal is also considered in oxic solutions (i.e., in the presence of dissolved O₂ but without H₂O₂), as well as in magnetic-field assisted Fenton, sono-Fenton, photo-Fenton and microwave-Fenton processes at different pH values. The comparison of the effect of pH on ZVI performance, taking into account both heterogeneous Fenton and different Fenton-like processes, can guide future studies for developing ZVI applications in water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46414356, Iran.
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
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Yang S, Wu P, Ye Q, Li W, Chen M, Zhu N. Efficient catalytic degradation of bisphenol A by novel Fe 0- vermiculite composite in photo-Fenton system: Mechanism and effect of iron oxide shell. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:335-342. [PMID: 29883867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel Fe0-vermiculite (Fe-Ver-C-H2) composite was synthesized by thermal reduction and acted as catalysts to remove bisphenol A (BPA) in photo-Fenton system. In term of activation ability toward H2O2, separation ability and stability, Fe-Ver-C-H2 presented obvious advantages over other kinds of Fe0-vermiculite composite (Fe-Ver-NaBH4), which obtained by traditional liquid reduction. The reason was that iron oxide shells on the surface of Fe0 were α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 for Fe-Ver-NaBH4 and Fe-Ver-C-H2, respectively. And for Fe-Ver-C-H2, the synergistic effect between iron core (Fe0) and iron oxide shell (Fe3O4) is beneficial to catalytic performance. The mechanism and plausible pathway of BPA degradation were also proposed according to the results of radical scavenger studies and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. In addition, factorial effects for Fe-Ver-C-H2 in photo-Fenton system were also investigated and optimized as: pH of 5, dosage of 0.2 g L-1 and H2O2 concentration of 20 mM. This study presented a facile method to synthesize novel Fe0-vermiculite composite and provided a new sight to investigate the effect of iron oxide shell on the catalytic performance when Fe0-vermiculite composite acted as catalyst to remove contaminants from the environment in photo-Fenton system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Quanyun Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan, Guangdong, 528216, PR China
| | - Meiqing Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Nengwu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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34
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Lin CC, Hsu ST. Performance of nZVI/H 2 O 2 process in degrading polyvinyl alcohol in aqueous solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Deng J, Dong H, Zhang C, Jiang Z, Cheng Y, Hou K, Zhang L, Fan C. Nanoscale zero-valent iron/biochar composite as an activator for Fenton-like removal of sulfamethazine. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Huang J, Cao J, Ding Y, Hu Y, Cen Y, Tang H. Variable-valence metals catalyzed solid NaBiO 3 nanosheets for oxidative degradation of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin: Efficiency and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:531-539. [PMID: 29709803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report metal ions catalyzed oxidative degradation of three typical fluoroquinolones norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by using NaBiO3 nanosheets. It was found that variable-valence metal ions such as Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ce3+, Ag+ and Co2+ could obviously enhanced degradation of NOR, OFL and CIP by NaBiO3. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate for the degradation of 20 μmol L-1 NOR by NaBiO3 (2 mmol L-1) in the presence of 0.1 mmol L-1 Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ce3+, Ag+ and Co2+ was 0.021, 0.084, 0.019, 0.23, 0.25 and 0.28 min-1, 2.1, 8.4, 19, 23, 25 and 28 times that by NaBiO3 without any metal ions. In comparison, Ca2+ and Fe3+ exhibited no obviously promotive or depressive effect for the degradation of NOR by NaBiO3. Singlet oxygen (1O2) was suggested as the main reactive species from NaBiO3 in the presence of metal ions by electron spin resonance technology and radicals scavenging experiments. The evolution of NaBiO3 was tracked with scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the metal ions were embedded into the crystal structure of NaBiO3 through ion-exchange between Na in NaBiO3 and metal ions. In the subsequent step, an electron transformation from lattice oxygen to Bi(V) sites was mediated by embedded variable-valence metal species, resulting in an enhanced generation of 1O2 from the crystal structure of NaBiO3. These results can shed light on the application of NaBiO3 for the organic pollutant decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yaobin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Yezhou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yuanjiang Cen
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Heqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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37
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Peng Q, Ding Y, Zhu L, Zhang G, Tang H. Fast and complete degradation of norfloxacin by using Fe/Fe3C@NG as a bifunctional catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Seidmohammadi A, Amiri R, Faradmal J, Lili M, Asgari G. UVA-LED assisted persulfate/nZVI and hydrogen peroxide/nZVI for degrading 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solutions. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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39
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Can adsorbent of layered chalcogenide be regenerated? A case study of norfloxacin adsorbed by layered chalcogenide in water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liao W, Sharma VK, Xu S, Li Q, Wang L. Microwave-Enhanced Photolysis of Norfloxacin: Kinetics, Matrix Effects, and Degradation Pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1564. [PMID: 29240671 PMCID: PMC5750982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) was studied using a combination of microwave and UV irradiation methods (MW/UV process). Remarkable synergistic effect was found between MW and UV light. The removal rate with the MW/UV process was much faster than that with UV light irradiation only. Degradation of NOR followed second-order kinetics and ~72% of NOR could be removed in the first 5 min of MW/UV reaction. Influence of inorganic ions (cations (K⁺, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+) and anions (Cl-, SO₄2-, NO₃-, CO₃2-)), humic acid (HA) and surfactants (cation, anion, and non-ionic) on the degradation of NOR by the MW/UV process was investigated. Among the ions, Cu2+ and NO₃- ions inhibited the degradation of NOR. The presence of HA and surfactants in water showed a slight inhibition on the NOR removal. Furthermore, the NOR degradation in the MW/UV process was primarily caused by the ·OH-photosensitization steps. Seven intermediates formed by the oxidation of NOR were identified and three reaction pathways were proposed. Removals of NOR in tap water (TW), synthetic wastewater (WW), river water (RW), and seawater (SW) were also studied, which demonstrated that the MW/UV process was an effective oxidation technology for degrading fluoroquinolone antibiotics in different water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Su Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
| | - Qingsong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China.
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Liu Y, Zha S, Rajarathnam D, Chen Z. Divalent cations impacting on Fenton-like oxidation of amoxicillin using nZVI as a heterogeneous catalyst. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Synchronic coupling of Cu2O(p)/CuO(n) semiconductors leading to Norfloxacin degradation under visible light: Kinetics, mechanism and film surface properties. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Yang P, Guo D, Chen Z, Cui B, Xiao B, Liu S, Hu M. Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using magnetic biochar synthesized by a single step method. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1272058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dabin Guo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baihui Cui
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, China
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Yang H, Mei L, Wang P, Genereux J, Wang Y, Yi B, Au C, Dang L, Feng P. Photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin on different TiO2−X polymorphs under visible light in water. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced TiO2 (TiO2−X) materials with different crystallographic structures were prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan 411104
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Liangyong Mei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | | | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Bing Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan 411104
- P. R. China
| | - Chaktong Au
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan 411104
- P. R. China
| | - Limin Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan 411104
- P. R. China
| | - Pingyun Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
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Sayed M, Shah LA, Khan JA, Shah NS, Nisar J, Khan HM, Zhang P, Khan AR. Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Norfloxacin in Aqueous Media by Hydrothermally Synthesized Immobilized TiO2/Ti Films with Exposed {001} Facets. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9916-9931. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Sayed
- State Key Laboratory
of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ali Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Noor S. Shah
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100 Pakistan
| | - Jan Nisar
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hasan M. Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Pengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Abdur Rahman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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