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Jiménez-Robles R, Martínez-Soria V, Izquierdo M. Fouling characterisation in PVDF membrane contactors for dissolved methane recovery from anaerobic effluents: effect of surface organofluorosilanisation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:29164-29179. [PMID: 36409410 PMCID: PMC9995407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Characterisation of the fouling attached to PVDF membranes treating an anaerobic effluent for dissolved CH4 recovery was carried out. A commercial flat-sheet PVDF membrane and a PVDF functionalised by grafting of organofluorosilanes (mPVDF) that increased its hydrophobicity were subjected to a continuous flux of an anaerobic reactor effluent in long-term operation tests (> 800 h). The fouling cakes were studied by the membrane autopsy after these tests, combining a staining technique, FTIR, and FESEM-EDX, and the fouling extraction with water and NaOH solutions. Both organic and inorganic fouling were observed, and the main foulants were proteins, polysaccharides, and different calcium and phosphate salts. Also, a significant amount of live cells was detected on the fouling cake (especially on the non-modified PVDF). Although the fouling cake composition was quite heterogeneous, a stratification was observed, with the inorganic fouling mainly in the bulk centre of the cake and the organic fouling mainly located in the lower and upper surfaces of the cake. The mPVDF suffered a more severe fouling, likely owing to a stronger hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction with the foulants. Irreversible fouling remained on both membranes after the extraction, although a higher irreversible fouling was detected in the mPVDF; however, a complete polysaccharide removal was observed. Regarding the operation performance, PVDF showed a lower stability and suffered a severe degradation, resulting in a lower thickness and perforations. Finally, the decrease in the methane recovery performance of both membranes was associated with the fouling depositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Jiménez-Robles
- Research Group in Environmental Engineering (GI2AM), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda, Universitat S/N, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Soria
- Research Group in Environmental Engineering (GI2AM), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda, Universitat S/N, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marta Izquierdo
- Research Group in Environmental Engineering (GI2AM), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda, Universitat S/N, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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2
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Centeno Mora E, Souza CLD, Neves TDA, Chernicharo CDL. Characterisation and perspectives of energetic use of dissolved gas recovered from anaerobic effluent with membrane contactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128223. [PMID: 36368489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biogas is a source of renewable energy, and its production and use has been validated in anaerobic-based sewage treatment plants (STPs). However, in these systems, a large amount of methane is lost as dissolved methane (D-CH4) in the liquid effluent. In this study, the characteristics and potential energetic uses of the gas recovered during the desorption of D-CH4 from anaerobic effluents with hollow fibre membrane contactors were investigated. A pilot-scale experiment was performed using sewage and two types of membrane contactors. The recovered gas contained considerable amounts of CH4, CO2, H2S, N2, and O2; therefore, a gas upgrade is required prior to its use as a biofuel. The recovery process should be energetically self-sustainable, and induce a considerable decrease in the STP carbon footprint. Recovering D-CH4 with membrane contactors could increase the energetic potential of anaerobic-based STPs up to 50 % and allow for more sustainable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Centeno Mora
- Civil Engineering School, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Cláudio Leite de Souza
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Alencar Neves
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Centeno Mora E, de Lemos Chernicharo CA. Simultaneous removal of dissolved sulphide and dissolved methane from anaerobic effluents with hollow fibre membrane contactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90549-90566. [PMID: 35871195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved gases in the effluent of anaerobic reactors, specifically dissolved methane (D-CH4) and sulphide (S2-), are a drawback for anaerobic-based sewage treatment plants (STPs). This article studied the simultaneous desorption/removal of both gases from anaerobic effluents with hollow fibre membrane contactors (HFMCs), evaluating two types of membrane materials (e.g. microporous and dense) at different operating conditions (atmospheric air as sweeping gas or vacuum, and different gas/liquid flows and vacuum pressures). The transfer of other gases, such as O2 and CO2, was studied as well. Desorption/removal efficiencies up to 99% for D-CH4 and 100% for S2- were obtained, with the higher efficiencies reported for the dense HFMC and with air as sweeping gas. It was found that the removal mechanism for S2- was oxidation with O2 from the air. In addition, the use of air as sweeping gas allowed the obtention of a nearly O2 saturated effluent, with more elevated dissolved oxygen concentrations in the microporous HFMC. Finally, it was found that the higher mass-transfer resistance in the dense membrane was compensated by a better performance in the liquid phase (lower mass-transfer resistance) in this unit, which allowed better D-CH4 desorption efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Centeno Mora
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San José, Costa Rica.
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Visnyei M, Bakonyi P, Bélafi-Bakó K, Nemestóthy N. Integration of gas-liquid membrane contactors into anaerobic digestion as a promising route to reduce uncontrolled greenhouse gas (CH 4/CO 2) emissions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128072. [PMID: 36229009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the recovery of dissolved biogas (CO2/CH4) from synthetic anaerobic effluents was studied using non-porous, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), hollow-fibre gas-liquid membrane contactors towards the design of a reduced carbon-footprint integrated bioprocess. As a key parameter, the gas-to-liquid (G/L) ratio (employing argon as sweep gas) was systematically varied in the range of 0.5-2.0. The results showed on a 1 m2 PDMS module that increasing the liquid (effluent) flow rate favours the CH4 transport, while a higher sweep gas flow rate is preferable for the CO2 transport over CH4. Depending on the actual biogas composition and the CO2 content of the effluent, the methane recovery could be improved up to 63 % under steady-state conditions. In general, similar tendencies were observed when another PDMS membrane module with a smaller surface area (2 500 cm2) was applied hence, in this sense, the separation behaviour seems to be independent of the membrane size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Visnyei
- Research Group on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Péter Bakonyi
- Research Group on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Katalin Bélafi-Bakó
- Research Group on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Nándor Nemestóthy
- Research Group on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
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5
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Velasco P, Jegatheesan V, Othman M. Effect of long-term operations on the performance of hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) in recovering dissolved methane from anaerobic effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156601. [PMID: 35714744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Various studies provide information about the high potential of using hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) for the recovery of dissolved methane from anaerobically treated wastewater effluent and the effects of different operating conditions on their performance. However, majority of those studies evaluated HFMCs at bench scale under favorable conditions, i.e. clean water as feed under short-term operations. This study evaluated the performance of porous HFMC and dense HFMC (in terms of dissolved methane removal efficiency and methane desorption flux) subjected to anaerobic feed during long-term operation of one month. The study will provide better understanding of the performance of HFMCs with conditions expected at large-scale wastewater treatment systems. From the results, the decrease in the performance of HFMCs and the increase in the mass transfer resistance per week under varying feed flux were determined. These relationships were utilized in a numerical model to incorporate the effect of long-term operation to evaluate the performance of upscaled HFMCs. The fit of the model with the experimental data with one month of operation was evaluated and the relative errors were 11.9 % and 15.3 % for porous HFMC and dense HFMC, respectively. Moreover, results showed that dense HFMC will provide better performance than porous HFMC if it were to be operated longer than two weeks before cleaning. The net energy for porous HFMC and dense HFMC were optimized to be 0.07 and 0.02 kWh·d-1, respectively. Although these results are specific to the operations and conditions used for the HFMCs in this study, the methodology established for incorporating the effect of long-term operation will be highly relevant in evaluating the performance of HFMCs in large-scale wastewater treatment applications. This will contribute to the improved recovery of dissolved methane to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere and to provide additional source of clean and sustainable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perlie Velasco
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, University of the Philippines - Los Baños, Pili Drive, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Maazuza Othman
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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6
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Centeno Mora E, Chernicharo CADL. Modelling and optimization of transverse flow hollow fibre membrane contactors for the recovery of dissolved methane from anaerobic effluents. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiménez-Robles R, Moreno-Torralbo BM, Badia JD, Martínez-Soria V, Izquierdo M. Flat PVDF Membrane with Enhanced Hydrophobicity through Alkali Activation and Organofluorosilanisation for Dissolved Methane Recovery. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040426. [PMID: 35448396 PMCID: PMC9027404 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A three-step surface modification consisting of activation with NaOH, functionalisation with a silica precursor and organofluorosilane mixture (FSiT), and curing was applied to a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane for the recovery of dissolved methane (D-CH4) from aqueous streams. Based on the results of a statistical experimental design, the main variables affecting the water contact angle (WCA) were the NaOH concentration and the FSiT ratio and concentration used. The maximum WCA of the modified PVDF (mPVDFmax) was >140° at a NaOH concentration of 5%, an FSiT ratio of 0.55 and an FSiT concentration of 7.2%. The presence of clusters and a lower surface porosity of mPVDF was detected by FESEM analysis. In long-term stability tests with deionised water at 21 L h−1, the WCA of the mPVDF decreased rapidly to around 105°, similar to that of pristine nmPVDF. In contrast, the WCA of the mPVDF was always higher than that of nmPVDF in long-term operation with an anaerobic effluent at 3.5 L h−1 and showed greater mechanical stability, since water breakthrough was detected only with the nmPVDF membrane. D-CH4 degassing tests showed that the increase in hydrophobicity induced by the modification procedure increased the D-CH4 removal efficiency but seemed to promote fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Jiménez-Robles
- Research Group in Environmental Engineering (GI2AM), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (R.J.-R.); (V.M.-S.)
| | - Beatriz María Moreno-Torralbo
- Research Group in Materials Technology and Sustainability (MATS), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (B.M.M.-T.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Jose David Badia
- Research Group in Materials Technology and Sustainability (MATS), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (B.M.M.-T.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Vicente Martínez-Soria
- Research Group in Environmental Engineering (GI2AM), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (R.J.-R.); (V.M.-S.)
| | - Marta Izquierdo
- Research Group in Environmental Engineering (GI2AM), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Avda. Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (R.J.-R.); (V.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-737; Fax: +34-963-544-898
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8
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Velasco P, Jegatheesan V, Othman M. Modeling of hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) for the recovery of dissolved methane from anaerobic effluents. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Santos CMQ, Ditchfield C, Tommaso G, Ribeiro R. Use of spray nozzles to recover dissolved methane from an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor effluent. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1538-1548. [PMID: 35290230 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and a source of energy. Recovering this gas means lower greenhouse gas emission and potential reduction of energetic costs. The lack of full-scale results, the use of different methodologies to detect dissolved methane (d-CH4) and the fact that no process to remove d-CH4 from anaerobic effluents is energetically or economically viable at full-scale urged a different approach to the problem. To avoid methodological interference and facilitate comparison of results the Standard Test Method number D8028-17 published by ASTM International can be used to determine d-CH4. The use of real anaerobic reactor effluent also helps results to be compared. In this study, 80 samples from a full-scale anaerobic reactor showed an average concentration of dissolved methane of 14.9 mg·L-1, meaning an emission of 229 kg of CO2 eq·h-1 and an average of 113.5 kW wasted. Using spray nozzles, an alternative to the methods being researched, the average methane recovery was 11.5 mg·L-1 of CH4, an efficiency of 81.6%, meaning 177 kg of CO2 eq·h-1 emissions avoided and 87.9 kW of recoverable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Q Santos
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Block 4-F, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, Brazil E-mail:
| | - C Ditchfield
- Biopolymer Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G Tommaso
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - R Ribeiro
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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10
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Jiménez-Robles R, Gabaldón C, Badia J, Izquierdo M, Martínez-Soria V. Recovery of dissolved methane through a flat sheet module with PDMS, PP, and PVDF membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Hollow-Fiber Membrane Contactor for Biogas Recovery from Real Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Permeate. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020112. [PMID: 35207034 PMCID: PMC8877462 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of hollow-fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) for the recovery of biogas from the ultrafiltration permeate of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) and synthetic effluents of pure and mixed CH4 and CO2. The developed membrane degassing setup was coupled with a pilot-scale AnMBR fed with synthetic domestic effluent working at 25 °C. The membrane degassing unit was able to recover 93% of the total dissolved CH4 and 83% of the dissolved CO2 in the first two hours of permeate recirculation. The initial recovery rates were very high (0.21 mg CH4 L−1 min−1 and 8.43 mg CO2 L−1 min−1) and the membrane was able to achieve a degassing efficiency of 95.7% for CH4 and 76.2% for CO2, at a gas to liquid ratio of 1. A higher mass transfer coefficient of CH4 was found in all experimental and theoretical evaluations compared to CO2. This could also be confirmed from the higher transmembrane mass transport resistance to CO2 rather than CH4 found in this work. A strong dependency of the selective gas transport on the gas and liquid side hydrodynamics was observed. An increase in the liquid flow rate and gas flow rate favored CH4 transport and CO2 transport, respectively, over each component. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the collective AnMBR and membrane degassing setup for biogas recovery. Still, additional work is required to improve the membrane contactor’s performance for biogas recovery during long-term operation.
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12
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Yang J, van Lier JB, Li J, Guo J, Fang F. Integrated anaerobic and algal bioreactors: A promising conceptual alternative approach for conventional sewage treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126115. [PMID: 34655782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional sewage treatment applying activated sludge processes is energy-intensive and requires great financial input, hampering widespread implementation. The introduction of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) followed by an algal reactor growing species of commercial interest, may present an alternative, contributing to the envisaged resource recovery at sewage treatment plants. AnMBRs can be applied for organic matter removal with energy self-sufficiency, provided that effective membrane fouling management is applied. Haematococcus pluvialis, an algal species with commercial value, can be selected for ammonium and phosphate removal. Theoretical analysis showed that good pollutant removal, positive financial output, as well as a significant reduction in the amount of hazardous activated sludge can be achieved by applying the proposed process, showing interesting advantages over current sewage treatment processes. Microbial contamination to H. pluvialis is a challenge, and technologies for preventing the contamination during continuous sewage treatment need to be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401174, China
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Section of Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Valenzuela EI, Ortiz-Zúñiga MF, Carrillo-Reyes J, Moreno-Andrade I, Quijano G. Continuous anaerobic oxidation of methane: Impact of semi-continuous liquid operation and nitrate load on N 2O production and microbial community. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130441. [PMID: 33838410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work proves the feasibility of employing regular secondary activated sludge for the enrichment of a microbial community able to perform the anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to nitrate reduction (N-AOM). After 96 days of activated sludge enrichment, a clear N-AOM activity was observed in the resulting microbial community. The methane removal potential of the enriched N-AOM culture was then studied in a stirred tank reactor (STR) operated in continuous mode for methane supply and semi-continuous mode for the liquid phase. The effect of applying nitrate loads of ∼22, 44, 66, and 88 g NO3- m-3 h-1 on (i) STR methane and nitrate removal performance, (ii) N2O emission, and (iii) microbial composition was investigated. Methane elimination capacities from 21 ± 13.3 to 55 ± 12 g CH4 m-3 h-1 were recorded, coupled to nitrate removal rates ranging from 6 ± 3.2 to 43 ± 14.9 g NO3- m-3 h-1. N2O production was not detected under the three nitrate loading rates applied for the assessment of potential N2O emission in the continuous N-AOM process (i.e. ∼22-66 g NO-3 m-3 h-1). The lack of N2O emissions during the process was attributed to the N2O reducing capacity of the bacterial taxa identified and the rigorous control of dissolved O2 and pH implemented (dissolved O2 values ≤ 0.07 g m-3 and pH of 7.6 ± 0.4). Microbial characterization showed that the N-AOM process was performed in absence of putative N-AOM archaea and bacteria (ANME-2d, M. oxyfera). Instead, microbial activity was driven by methane-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria (Bacteroidetes, α-, and γ-proteobacteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo I Valenzuela
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - María F Ortiz-Zúñiga
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Julián Carrillo-Reyes
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Iván Moreno-Andrade
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Quijano
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico.
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14
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Velasco P, Jegatheesan V, Thangavadivel K, Othman M, Zhang Y. A focused review on membrane contactors for the recovery of dissolved methane from anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130448. [PMID: 34126683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The need for a more sustainable wastewater treatment is more relevant now due to climate change. Production and reuse of methane from anaerobic treatment is one pathway. However, this is defeated by the presence of dissolved methane in the effluent and would be released to the environment, adding to the greenhouse gas emissions. This review paper provided summary and analysis of studies involved in the production of dissolved methane from AnMBR, focusing with actual methane measurement (gas and dissolved) from AnMBR with different types of wastewater. Then more focused discussion and analysis on the use of membrane-based technology or membrane contactors in the recovery of dissolved methane from AnMBR effluent are included, with its development and energy analysis. The dissolved methane removal and recovery rate of membrane contactors can be as high as 96% and 0.05 mol methane/m2/h, respectively, with very low additional energy requirement of 0.01 kWh/m3 for the recovery. Future perspectives presented focus on the long-term evaluation and modelling of membrane contactors and on the membrane modifications to improve the selectivity of membranes to methane and to limit their fouling and wetting, thus making the technology more economical for resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perlie Velasco
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, University of the Philippines - Los Baños, Pili Drive, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Maazuza Othman
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- Membrane Innovation and Resource Recovery (MIRR), School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
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15
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Li X, Lee HS, Wang Z, Lee J. State-of-the-art management technologies of dissolved methane in anaerobically-treated low-strength wastewaters: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117269. [PMID: 34091220 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancement in low temperature anaerobic processes shows a great promise for realizing low-energy-cost, sustainable mainstream wastewater treatment. However, the considerable loss of the dissolved methane from anaerobically-treated low-strength wastewater significantly compromises the energy potential of the anaerobic processes and poses an environmental risk. In this review, the promises and challenges of existing and emerging technologies for dissolved methane management are examined: its removal, recovery, and on-site reuse. It begins by describing the working principles of gas-stripping and biological oxidation for methane removal, membrane contactors and vacuum degassers for methane recovery, and on-site biological conversion of dissolved methane into electricity or value-added biochemicals as direct energy sources or energy-compensating substances. A comparative assessment of these technologies in the three categories is presented based on methane treating efficiency, energy-production potential, applicability, and scalability. Finally, current research needs and future perspectives are highlighted to advance the future development of an economically and technically sustainable methane-management technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
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16
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Sanchis-Perucho P, Robles Á, Durán F, Rogalla F, Ferrer J, Seco A. Widening the applicability of AnMBR for urban wastewater treatment through PDMS membranes for dissolved methane capture: Effect of temperature and hydrodynamics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112344. [PMID: 33752047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AnMBR technology is a promising alternative to achieve future energy-efficiency and environmental-friendly urban wastewater (UWW) treatment. However, the large amount of dissolved methane lost in the effluent represents a potential high environmental impact that hinder the feasibility of this technology for full-scale applications. The use of degassing membranes (DM) to capture the dissolved methane from AnMBR effluents can be considered as an interesting alternative to solve this problem although further research is required to assess the suitability of this emerging technology. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of operating temperature and hydrodynamics on the capture of dissolved methane from AnMBR effluents by DMs. To this aim, a commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) DM was coupled to an industrial prototype AnMBR (demonstration scale) treating UWW at ambient temperature. Different operating temperatures have been evaluated: 11, 18, 24 and 30 °C. Moreover, the DM was operated at different ratios of liquid flow rate to membrane area (QL:A) ranging from 22 to 190 Lh-1m-2 in order to study the resistance of the system to methane permeation. Methane recovery was maximized when temperature raised and QL:A was reduced, giving methane recovery efficiencies (MRE) of about 85% at a temperature of 30 °C and a QL:A of 25 Lh-1m-2. The study showed that high QL:A ratios hinder methane recovery by the perturbation of the DM fibers, being this effect intensified at lower temperatures probably due the higher liquid viscosities. Also, the performed fouling evaluation showed that not significant membrane fouling may be expected in the DM unit at the short-term when treating AnMBR effluents. A resistance-in-series model was proposed to predict the overall mass transfer of the system according to operating temperature and QL:A, showing that methane capture was controlled by the liquid phase, which represented up to 80-90% of total mass transfer resistance. The energy and environmental evaluation performed in this study revealed that PDMS DMs would enhance energy recovery and environmental feasibility of AnMBR technology for UWW treatment, especially when operating at low temperatures. When MRE was maximized, the combination of AnMBR with DM achieved net energy productions and net greenhouse gas reductions of up to 0.87 kWh and 0.216 kg CO2-eq per m3 of treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sanchis-Perucho
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Spain.
| | - Ángel Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Spain.
| | | | | | - José Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Spain.
| | - Aurora Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Spain.
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17
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Gao T, Zhang H, Xu X, Teng J. Integrating microbial electrolysis cell based on electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction into anaerobic osmosis membrane reactor for biogas upgrading. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116679. [PMID: 33279741 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that anaerobic osmosis membrane bioreactors have the potential for energy recovery since dissolved methane was almost rejected by commercial forward osmosis membranes. Notwithstanding, upgraded biogas has to be achieved by removing as much carbon dioxide as possible. In this study, a novel anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor-microbial electrolysis cell (AnOMBR-MEC) system was developed for simultaneous biogas upgrading and wastewater treatment. The AnOMBR-MEC elicited an excellent and stable soluble chemical oxygen demand and phosphorus removal. As the experiment progressed, unwanted carbon dioxide produced from biogas was reduced to formate using a SnO2 nanoparticles electrocatalytic cathode in an electrocatalytic-assisted MEC, with the highest faradic efficiency of formate being 85% at 1.2V. Compared to AnOMBR, the methane content increased from 55% to 90% at the end of operation and methane yield experienced a1.6-fold increment in the AnOMBR-MEC. Microbial community analysis revealed that hydrogenotrophic methanogens (e.g. Methanobacterium and Methanobrevibacter) converted the produced H2 and formate to methane at saline conditions. These results have demonstrated an efficient strategy based on the integration of an electrocatalytic-assisted MEC into AnOMBR for upgrading biogas, enhancing methane yield and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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18
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Membrane Contactors for Maximizing Biomethane Recovery in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatments: Recent Efforts and Future Prospect. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demand for water and energy has emphasized the significance of energy-efficient anaerobic wastewater treatment; however, anaerobic effluents still containing a large portion of the total CH4 production are discharged to the environment without being utilized as a valuable energy source. Recently, gas–liquid membrane contactors have been considered as a promising technology to recover such dissolved methane from the effluent due to their attractive characteristics such as high specific mass transfer area, no flooding at high flow rates, and low energy requirement. Nevertheless, the development and further application of membrane contactors were still not fulfilled due to their inherent issues such as membrane wetting and fouling, which lower the CH4 recovery efficiency and thus net energy production. In this perspective, the topics in membrane contactors for dissolved CH4 recovery are discussed in the following order: (1) operational principle, (2) potential as waste-to-energy conversion system, and (3) technical challenges and recent efforts to address them. Then, future efforts that should be devoted to advancing gas–liquid membrane contactors are suggested as concluding remarks.
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19
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Jiménez-Robles R, Gabaldón C, Martínez-Soria V, Izquierdo M. Simultaneous application of vacuum and sweep gas in a polypropylene membrane contactor for the recovery of dissolved methane from water. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Wetting- and fouling-resistant hollow fiber membranes for dissolved methane recovery from anaerobic wastewater treatment effluents. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Gao T, Zhang H, Xu X, Yang F. Dissolved methane rejection by forward osmosis membrane to achieve in-situ energy recovery from anaerobic effluent. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Centeno-Mora E, Fonseca PR, Andreão WL, Brandt EMF, de Souza CL, de Lemos Chernicharo C. Mitigation of diffuse CH 4 and H 2S emissions from the liquid phase of UASB-based sewage treatment plants: challenges, techniques, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35979-35992. [PMID: 32277414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors are considered to be a sustainable and well-established technology for sewage treatment in warm climate countries. However, gases dissolved in the effluent of these reactors, CH4 and H2S in some instances, are a major drawback. These dissolved gases can be emitted into the atmosphere downstream of the anaerobic reactors, resulting in odour nuisance and, in the case of H2S, corrosion, while in the case of CH4, increasing greenhouse gas emissions with a significant loss of potentially recoverable energy. In this sense, this study aims to provide a critical review of the recent efforts to control CH4 and H2S dissolved in UASB reactor effluents, with a focus on the different available techniques. Different desorption techniques have been tested for the removal/recovery of dissolved CH4 and H2S: diffused aeration, simplified desorption chamber, packed desorption chamber, closed downflow hanging sponge reactor, membrane contactor, and vacuum desorption chamber. Other recent publications addressing the oxidation of these compounds in biological posttreatments with simultaneous nitrification/denitrification of ammonia were also discussed. Additionally, the rationale of CH4 recovery was determined by energy balance and carbon footprint approaches, and the H2S removal was examined by modelling its emission and atmospheric dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Centeno-Mora
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Paula Rafaela Fonseca
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Willian Lemker Andreão
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Manfred Freire Brandt
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Leite de Souza
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos de Lemos Chernicharo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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23
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Durán F, Robles Á, Giménez JB, Ferrer J, Ribes J, Serralta J. Modeling the anaerobic treatment of sulfate-rich urban wastewater: Application to AnMBR technology. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116133. [PMID: 32721762 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) are a core technology in the transition of urban wastewater (UWW) treatment towards a circular economy, the transition is being held back by a number of bottlenecks. The dissolved methane released from the effluent, the need to remove nutrients (ideally by recovery), or the energy lost by the competition between methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) for the biodegradable COD have been identified as the main issues to be addressed before AnMBR becomes widespread. Mathematical modeling of this technology can be used to obtain further insights into these bottlenecks plus other valuable information for design, simulation and control purposes. This paper therefore proposes an AnMBR anaerobic digestion model to simulate the crucial SRB-related process since these bacteria degrade more than 40% of the organic matter. The proposed model, which is included in the BNRM2 collection model, has a reduced but all-inclusive structure, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, methanogenesis and other SRB-related processes. It was calibrated and validated using data from an AnMBR pilot plant treating sulfate-rich UWW, including parameter values obtained in off-line experiments and optimization methods. Despite the complex operating dynamics and influent composition, it was able to reproduce the process performance. In fact, it was able to simulate the AD of sulfate-rich UWW considering only two groups of SRB: heterotrophic SRB growing on both VFA (propionate) and acetate, and autotrophic SRB growing on hydrogen. Besides the above-mentioned constraints, the model reproduced the dynamics of the mixed liquor solids concentration, which helped to integrate biochemical and filtration models. It also reproduced the alkalinity and pH dynamics in the mixed liquor required for assessing the effect of chemical precipitation on membrane scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Durán
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Ángel Robles
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Juan Bautista Giménez
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - José Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Josep Ribes
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Joaquín Serralta
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
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24
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Lee E, Rout PR, Kyun Y, Bae J. Process optimization and energy analysis of vacuum degasifier systems for the simultaneous removal of dissolved methane and hydrogen sulfide from anaerobically treated wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115965. [PMID: 32673861 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The control of dissolved methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions in anaerobic effluents is essential for minimizing the environmental implications of greenhouse gases, odor, and carbon footprint, as well as for preventing energy loss in the form of unrecovered dissolved methane. This study assessed the feasibility of a vacuum degasifier for the removal of CH4 and H2S from staged anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (SAF-MBR) effluent. The optimization results showed that the efficiency of the nozzle fitted degasifiers were superior to the media packed ones. In three-stage vacuum degasifiers at a -0.8 bar vacuum pressure, H2S removal was mostly pH dependent and 88% removal efficiency was achieved with an initial concentration of 13.6 mg/L. Methane removal was dependent primarily on the number of degasifier units, and approximately 94% efficiency was achieved in a three-stage degasifier. Energy balance analysis showed that energy production exceeded the system energy requirements with 0.05-0.07 kWh/m3 of surplus energy. These results provide deep insights into this new technology for simultaneous removal of dissolved CH4 and H2S, which can be referred for potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunseok Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Prangya Ranjan Rout
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongduk Kyun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Abstract
The concept of water resources recovery facilities (WRRFs) has gained more attention as a more sustainable substitute for the conventional activated sludge-based wastewater treatment plant (CAS-WWTPs). Anaerobic treatment is advantageous due to its lower energy use, limited sludge production, and higher recovery of the soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) from the received wastewater. In this article, a critical review of the proposed scheme for the anaerobic-based WRRF (An-WRRFs) is presented which is preceded with discussion of CAS-WWTPs limitations. In addition, the evolution of anaerobic treatment from being viewed as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to WRRF is demonstrated. It is attained that, even though anaerobic WWTPs (An-WWTPs) have simple and low energy mainline and very limited sludge handling process, its limited removal and recovery capacity have been widely reported, especially in cold weather. On the other hand, in the An-WRRF, higher energy expenditures are employed by using membranes, dissolved methane recovery unit, and primary treatment (extra sludge handling). Yet, energy recovery in the form of biogas is notably increased, as well as the removal efficiency under moderate residence times. The three key challenges to be overcome are the low value of biogas, reducing the energy use associated with membranes, and maintaining high performance in full-scale, especially in cold weather.
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26
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Sanchis-Perucho P, Robles Á, Durán F, Ferrer J, Seco A. PDMS membranes for feasible recovery of dissolved methane from AnMBR effluents. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Crone BC, Sorial GA, Pressman JG, Ryu H, Keely SP, Brinkman N, Bennett-Stamper C, Garland JL. Design and evaluation of degassed anaerobic membrane biofilm reactors for improved methane recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 10:100407. [PMID: 33015594 PMCID: PMC7529100 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater (DWW) produces dissolved methane that needs to be recovered for use as an energy product. Membrane-based recovery systems have been reported in the literature but are often limited by fouling. The objective of this study was to develop a methane producing biofilm on the shell side surface a membrane to allow for immediate recovery of methane as it was produced, negating mass transfer resistance caused by fouling. Between 89 and 96% of total methane produced was recovered via in-situ degassing without the need for fouling control or cleaning throughout 72 weeks of operation. High methane recovery efficiencies led to predictions of net positive energy yield in one reactor and a 32-61% reduction in energy demand in the others compared to the control. This research demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of combining attached growth anaerobic wastewater treatment processes with hollow fiber membrane methane recovery systems for improved operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Crone
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - George A Sorial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G Pressman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Hodon Ryu
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Scott P Keely
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Nichole Brinkman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Christina Bennett-Stamper
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
| | - Jay L Garland
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, United States of America
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28
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Li X, Dutta A, Saha S, Lee HS, Lee J. Recovery of dissolved methane from anaerobically treated food waste leachate using solvent-based membrane contactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115693. [PMID: 32203817 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty of dissolved methane recovery remains a major hurdle for mainstream anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. We recently proposed solvent-based membrane contactor (SMC) for high (>90%) methane recovery over a wide temperature range and net-energy production. Here, we investigate the methane recovery efficacy of the SMC process by using an AnMBR effluent from treating food waste leachate. We observed almost identical methane transfer kinetics to the process employing foulant-free methane-saturated feed solutions, with >92% methane recoveries, showing that organic foulants have insignificant impacts on the methane transport in the SMC. We then performed two different membrane contactor experiments: direct-contact membrane-distillation (DCMD, with transmembrane water vapor flow) and SMC (no water vapor flow). From the negligible fouling observed in the SMC experiment, opposite to the DCMD, we elucidate that the absence of water vapor flow renders the SMC process intrinsically robust to membrane fouling. With the low fouling propensity of the SMC process under highly fouling environments, our study highlights the feasibility of SMC processes to enhance the energy production in mainstream anaerobic wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Abhishek Dutta
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Swakshar Saha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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29
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Extraction of dissolved methane from aqueous solutions by membranes: Modelling and parametric studies. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Xu Y, Goh K, Wang R, Bae TH. A review on polymer-based membranes for gas-liquid membrane contacting processes: Current challenges and future direction. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Sethunga G, Lee J, Wang R, Bae TH. Influence of membrane characteristics and operating parameters on transport properties of dissolved methane in a hollow fiber membrane contactor for biogas recovery from anaerobic effluents. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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32
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Rongwong W, Goh K, Sethunga G, Bae TH. Fouling formation in membrane contactors for methane recovery from anaerobic effluents. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Giménez JB, Bouzas A, Carrere H, Steyer JP, Ferrer J, Seco A. Assessment of cross-flow filtration as microalgae harvesting technique prior to anaerobic digestion: Evaluation of biomass integrity and energy demand. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:188-194. [PMID: 30172182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of cross-flow filtration (CFF) on the overall valorization of Chlorella spp. microalgae as biogas was assessed. The effect of CFF on microalgae cell integrity was quantified in terms of viability which was correlated with the anaerobic biodegradability. The viability dropped as the biomass concentration increased, whereas anaerobic biodegradability increased linearly with the viability reduction. It was hypothesized that a stress-induced release and further accumulation of organic polymers during CFF increased the flux resistance which promoted harsher shear-stress conditions. Furthermore, the volume reduction as the concentration increased entailed an increase in the specific energy supply to the biomass. The energy demand was positive in the whole range of concentrations studied, yielding an overall energy efficiency as high as 22.9% for the highest concentration studied. Specifically, heat requirements were lower than electricity requirements only when the biomass concentrations exceeded 10 g COD·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Giménez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avda. de l'Universitat, s/n. 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Alberto Bouzas
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avda. de l'Universitat, s/n. 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Hélène Carrere
- LBE, Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102, avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | | | - Jose Ferrer
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Aurora Seco
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat de València, Avda. de l'Universitat, s/n. 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
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Robles Á, Ruano MV, Charfi A, Lesage G, Heran M, Harmand J, Seco A, Steyer JP, Batstone DJ, Kim J, Ferrer J. A review on anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) focused on modelling and control aspects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:612-626. [PMID: 30253898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology (AnMBR) is rapidly expanding. However, depending on the application, AnMBR design and operation is not fully mature, and needs further research to optimize process efficiency and enhance applicability. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of AnMBR focusing on modelling and control aspects. Quantitative environmental and economic evaluation has demonstrated substantial advantages in application of AnMBR to domestic wastewater treatment, but detailed modelling is less mature. While anaerobic process modelling is generally mature, more work is needed on integrated models which include coupling between membrane performance (including fouling) and the biological process. This should include microbial factors, which are important to generation of specific foulants such as soluble and particulate inert organics. Mature and well-established control tools, including better feedback control strategies are also required for both the process, and for fouling control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Robles
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Maria Victoria Ruano
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Amine Charfi
- LG-Hitachi Water Solutions, B-1104 Daewoo Technopark, 261, Doyak-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14523, South Korea
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Heran
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Harmand
- LBE, Univ Montpellier, INRA, 102 avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Aurora Seco
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre AWMC, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - José Ferrer
- CALAGUA, Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient, IAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
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Henares M, Ferrero P, San-Valero P, Martínez-Soria V, Izquierdo M. Performance of a polypropylene membrane contactor for the recovery of dissolved methane from anaerobic effluents: Mass transfer evaluation, long-term operation and cleaning strategies. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Heile S, Chernicharo C, Brandt E, McAdam E. Dissolved gas separation for engineered anaerobic wastewater systems. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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