1
|
El Mouhri G, Elmansouri I, Amakdouf H, Belhassan H, Kachkoul R, El oumari FE, Merzouki M, Lahrichi A. Evaluating the effectiveness of coagulation-flocculation treatment on a wastewater from the moroccan leather tanning industry : An ecological approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27056. [PMID: 38463895 PMCID: PMC10923676 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The removal of pollutants from tannery wastewaters, which is renowned for its substantial volumes, intricate composition, and considerable hazards to human health and the environment, is a prominent research area in the field of water treatment. The aim of this study is to employ a bio-coagulant derived from Parkinsonia aculeata seeds and a bio-flocculant derived from Hibiscus esculentus to minimise the concentration of pollutants in the combined wastewater originating from tanneries. In the course of the research, a thorough physicochemical analysis of the coagulating and flocculating agents, Parkinsonia aculeata (PA) and Hibiscus esculentus (HE), was performed using techniques such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), and SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). This analysis aimed to determine the composition and characteristics of these biomasses. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview was conducted to summarize the various factors that influence the treatment of tannery wastewater through coagulation/flocculation. This was accomplished by manipulating the target factors and observing their impact on the removal of specific physicochemical parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity (EC), total chromium (Cr) and Optical density (OD). The variables that were established include pH, dosage of coagulant and flocculant, as well as the speed and duration of agitation in both the fast and slow mixing stages. The experiments were carried out while taking into account the optimal parameters, leading to the near-complete removal of all analyzed pollutants. The optimal requirements for the Parkinsonia aculeata-Hibiscus esculentus Coagulation Flocculation System involve adjusting the pH to 8, choosing concentrations of approximately 1.25 g L-1 and 0.6 g L-1 for the coagulant and flocculant respectively, maintaining a fast speed of 170 rpm for 3 min while keeping the slow agitation at around 30 rpm for 20 min. The removal rates achieved after treating tannery wastewater using the PA-HE coagulant-flocculant combination demonstrate high efficacy, with values reaching approximately 100% for TSS, 98.71% for BOD5, 99.93% for COD, 98.88% for NH4+, 98.21% for NO3-, 90.32% for NO2-, 93.13% for SO42-, 95.44% for PO43-, 96.08% for OD and 60% for total chromium. These results indicate the successful removal of a wide range of pollutants from tannery wastewater through the PA-HE treatment method. In predicting the CF treatment approach, PCA has been employed to preprocess the input data and determine the key variables that impact the process. This can streamline the modeling process and enhance the precision of the predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghita El Mouhri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1893, Km 22, Road of Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30070, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Fez/Taza, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, 35000, Taza, Morocco
| | - Ibtissame Elmansouri
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Agri-food, Health Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Science, 30070, Fez, Morocco
| | - Halima Amakdouf
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Agri-food, Health Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Science, 30070, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hajar Belhassan
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Agri-food, Health Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Science, 30070, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rabie Kachkoul
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1893, Km 22, Road of Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30070, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Fez, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ezzahra El oumari
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Fez 30070, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Agri-food, Health Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Science, 30070, Fez, Morocco
| | - Anissa Lahrichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 1893, Km 22, Road of Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30070, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saravanan R, Sathish T, Sharma K, Rao AV, Sathyamurthy R, Panchal H, Abdul Zahra MM. Sustainable wastewater treatment by RO and hybrid organic polyamide membrane nanofiltration system for clean environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139336. [PMID: 37379991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the environmental pollution is happened by the discharge of industrial wastewater that needs to be adequately filtered. Given that the effluent from the leather industry contains high levels of chromium, heavy metals, lipids, and Sulphur, it is one of the wastewater disposals that are most damaging. This experimental study focuses on reverse osmosis and hybrid organic polyimide membrane for nanofiltration for sustainable wastewater treatment. In the RO and organic polyamide Nano-porous membranes, a thin film of polyamide membrane was used for efficient filtration. Taguchi analysis optimized process parameters such as pressure, temperature, pH, and volume reduction factor. The outcome shows an 89% reduction in total wastewater hardness, an 88% reduction in sulfate, and an 89% efficiency reduction in COD. As a result, the proposed technology significantly increased filtration efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Saravanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Sathish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India.
| | - A Venkateswara Rao
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Centre, Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Hitesh Panchal
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College Patan, Gujarat, India.
| | - Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra
- Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah 51001, Iraq; Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babil, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Recent Application Prospects of Chitosan Based Composites for the Metal Contaminants Wastewater Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061453. [PMID: 36987232 PMCID: PMC10057141 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals, known for their toxic nature and ability to accumulate and magnify in the food chain, are a major environmental concern. The use of environmentally friendly adsorbents, such as chitosan (CS)—a biodegradable cationic polysaccharide, has gained attention for removing heavy metals from water. This review discusses the physicochemical properties of CS and its composites and nanocomposites and their potential application in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ban W, Yang Q, Huang W, Li X, Wang Z, Chen S, Xiang L, Yan B. Mussel-Inspired Catechol-Grafted Quaternized Chitosan Flocculant for Efficiently Treating Suspended Particles and Refractory Soluble Organic Pollutants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Ban
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Qin Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Chunliang Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield, Sinopec, Binzhou City, Shandong256504, China
| | - Xingliang Li
- Gansu Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd, Lanzhou730050, China
| | - Zhicai Wang
- Gansu Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd, Lanzhou730050, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Bin Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohanapriya V, Sakthivel R, Pham NDK, Cheng CK, Le HS, Dong TMH. Nanotechnology- A ray of hope for heavy metals removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136989. [PMID: 36309058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental effects of heavy metal pollution are considered as a widespread problem throughout the world, as it jeopardizes human health and also reduces the sustainability of a cleaner environment. Removal of such noxious pollutants from wastewater is pivotal because it provides a propitious solution for a cleaner environment and water scarcity. Adsorption treatment plays a significant role in water remediation due to its potent treatment and low cost of adsorbents. In the last two decades, researchers have been highly focused on the modification of adsorption treatment by functionalized and surface-modified nanomaterials which has spurred intense research. The characteristics of nano adsorbents attract global scientists as it is also economically viable. This review shines its light on the functionalized nanomaterials application for heavy metals removal from wastewater and also highlights the importance of regeneration of nanomaterials in the view of visualizing the economic aspects along with a cleaner environment. The review also focused on the proper disposal of nanomaterials with crucial issues that persist in the adsorption process and also emphasize future research modification at a large-scale application in industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Mohanapriya
- Research scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India.
| | - R Sakthivel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Nguyen Dang Khoa Pham
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huu Son Le
- Faculty of Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Minh Hao Dong
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun X, Li S, Xiong Y, You Y. Flocculation performance and evaluation of a sulfur-containing tannin flocculant for Cu2+ removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
|
7
|
Hasan MS, Karmakar AK. Removal of car battery heavy metals from wastewater by activated carbons: a brief review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73675-73717. [PMID: 36085225 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spent automobile batteries are one of the most significant secondary sources of harmful heavy metals for the environment. After being incorporated into the aquatic ecosystems, these metals disseminate to various plants, microorganisms, and the human body and cause multiple adverse effects. Activated carbons (ACs) have long been used as an effective adsorbent for different heavy metals in wastewater treatment processes. Although numerous research works have been published to date on this topic, they are scattered in the literature. In this review, we have assembled these works and provided an extensive overview of the application of ACs for treating spent car battery heavy metals (CBHMs) from aquatic systems. The preparation of ACs from different precursor materials, their application in the adsorption of CBHMs, the adsorption mechanism, kinetics, adsorption isotherms and various parameters that may affect the adsorption processes have been discussed in detail. A brief comparative analysis of the adsorption performances of ACs prepared from different precursor materials is also provided. Finally, recommendations for future research works are also offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Saif Hasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Aneek Krishna Karmakar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rajoria S, Vashishtha M, Sangal VK. Treatment of electroplating industry wastewater: a review on the various techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:72196-72246. [PMID: 35084684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by recalcitrant compounds is an increasingly important problem due to the continuous introduction of new chemicals into the environment. Choosing appropriate measures and developing successful strategies for eliminating hazardous wastewater contaminants from industrial processes is currently a primary goal. Electroplating industry wastewater involves highly toxic cyanide (CN), heavy metal ions, oils and greases, organic solvents, and the complicated composition of effluents and may also contain biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SS, DS, TS, and turbidity. The availability of these metal ions in electroplating industry wastewater makes the water so toxic and corrosive. Because these heavy metals are harmful to living things, they must be removed to prevent them from being absorbed by plants, animals, and humans. As a result, exposure to electroplating wastewater can induce necrosis and nephritis in humans and lung cancer, digestive system cancer, anemia, hepatitis, and maxillary sinus cancer with prolonged exposure. For the safe discharge of electroplating industry effluents, appropriate wastewater treatment has to be provided. This article examines and assesses new approaches such as coagulation and flocculation, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, adsorption, electrochemical treatment, and advanced oxidation process (AOP) for treating the electroplating industry wastewater. On the other hand, these physicochemical approaches have significant drawbacks, including a high initial investment and operating cost due to costly chemical reagents, the production of metal complexes sludge that needs additional treatment, and a long recovery process. At the same time, advanced techniques such as electrochemical treatment can remove various kinds of organic and inorganic contaminants such as BOD, COD, and heavy metals. The electrochemical treatment process has several advantages over traditional technologies, including complete removal of persistent organic pollutants, environmental friendliness, ease of integration with other conventional technologies, less sludge production, high separation, and shorter residence time. The effectiveness of the electrochemical treatment process depends on various parameters, including pH, electrode material, operation time, electrode gap, and current density. This review mainly emphasizes the removal of heavy metals and another pollutant such as CN from electroplating discharge. This paper will be helpful in the selection of efficient techniques for treatment based on the quantity and characteristics of the effluent produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Rajoria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Vashishtha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vikas K Sangal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wan X, Rong Z, Zhu K, Wu Y. Chitosan-based dual network composite hydrogel for efficient adsorption of methylene blue dye. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:725-735. [PMID: 36174861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the textile industry, a large amount of dyeing wastewater discharge has caused great harm to the ecological environment. In this work, a dual-network, composite hydrogel adsorbent with excellent mechanical properties, good reusability, and large adsorption capacity was prepared by introducing chitosan cross-linked polyvinylamine into the N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide cross-linked polyacrylic acid network. The dual cross-linking network gave the hydrogel excellent mechanical properties with maximum tensile stress and strain up to 1.9 MPa and 920 %. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue on hydrogel was up to 596.14 mg/g. In addition, the prepared hydrogel exhibited good reusability, and their adsorption efficiency remained above 85 % in five consecutive cycles. The adsorption behavior was well fitted by Pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir equation, indicating that the hydrogel was chemisorbed to the dye as a monolayer. The adsorption mechanism analysis showed that the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the functional groups of the hydrogels and methylene blue molecules contributed to the good adsorption capacity. Overall, the synthesized composite hydrogels could be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye, particularly from textile industry wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhihao Rong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Bradu P, Patil M, Biswas A, Murali R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Raja G, Iyer M, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Elimination of microplastics from the aquatic milieu: A dream to achieve. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135232. [PMID: 35671819 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become a significant source of concern as they have emerged as a widespread pollutant that harms the aquatic environment. It has become an enormous challenge, having the capacity to biomagnify and eventually affect human health, biodiversity, aquatic animals, and the environment. This review provides in-depth knowledge of how MPs interact with different toxic organic chemicals, antibiotics, and heavy metals in the aquatic environment and its consequences. Membrane technologies like ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), microfiltration (MF), and dynamic membranes can be highly effective techniques for the removal of MPs. Also, hybrid membrane techniques like advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane fouling, electrochemical processes, and adsorption processes can be incorporated for superior efficiency. The review also focuses on the reactor design and performance of several membrane-based filters and bioreactors to develop practical, feasible, and sustainable membrane technologies. The main aim of this work is to throw light on the alarming scenario of microplastic pollution in the aquatic milieu and strategies that can be adopted to tackle it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Megha Patil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Antara Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Raja
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Livestock Farming & Bioresources Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jayakumar V, Govindaradjane S, Rajamohan N, Rajasimman M. Biosorption potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium and zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41909-41922. [PMID: 34275071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, the biosorption potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, was investigated for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), under controlled environmental conditions. The biosorbent prepared from the S. polycystum was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The optimal conditions identified using Box-Behnken design (BBD) for Cd removal were pH: 4.65, biosorbent mass: 1.8 g/L and shaking speed: 76 rpm. For zinc, the optimum values were pH: 5.7, biosorbent mass: 1.2 g/L and shaking speed: 125 rpm, respectively. The equilibrium uptake of the metals, Cd and Zn, was evaluated by isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm proved to be an excellent fit confirming single layer of sorption. The maximum Cd and Zn uptakes achieved were 105.26 mg/g and 116.2 mg/g respectively. The kinetics of Cd and Zn biosorption onto brown algae Sargassum polycystum, follows pseudo-second order. The thermodynamic parameters were determined, and the sorption process was found to be feasible. Desorption studies of Cd and Zn were performed, and the bio sorbent reproduced appreciable efficiency for five successive cycles of sorption-desorption process using HCl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Sohar University, Postal Code-311, Sohar, Oman
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Blanco-Vieites M, Suárez-Montes D, Delgado F, Álvarez-Gil M, Battez AH, Rodríguez E. Removal of heavy metals and hydrocarbons by microalgae from wastewater in the steel industry. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
13
|
Abidli A, Huang Y, Ben Rejeb Z, Zaoui A, Park CB. Sustainable and efficient technologies for removal and recovery of toxic and valuable metals from wastewater: Recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133102. [PMID: 34914948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their numerous effects on human health and the natural environment, water contamination with heavy metals and metalloids, caused by their extensive use in various technologies and industrial applications, continues to be a huge ecological issue that needs to be urgently tackled. Additionally, within the circular economy management framework, the recovery and recycling of metals-based waste as high value-added products (VAPs) is of great interest, owing to their high cost and the continuous depletion of their reserves and natural sources. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies developed for the removal and recovery of metal pollutants from wastewater by providing an in-depth understanding of their remediation mechanisms, while analyzing and critically discussing the recent key advances regarding these treatment methods, their practical implementation and integration, as well as evaluating their advantages and remaining limitations. Herein, various treatment techniques are covered, including adsorption, reduction/oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation technologies, solvents extraction, chemical precipitation/co-precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, and bioremediation. A particular emphasis is placed on full recovery of the captured metal pollutants in various reusable forms as metal-based VAPs, mainly as solid precipitates, which is a powerful tool that offers substantial enhancement of the remediation processes' sustainability and cost-effectiveness. At the end, we have identified some prospective research directions for future work on this topic, while presenting some recommendations that can promote sustainability and economic feasibility of the existing treatment technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser Abidli
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zeineb Ben Rejeb
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Aniss Zaoui
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Modification of Silica Nanoparticles with 4,6-Diacetylresorcinol as a Novel Composite for the Efficient Removal of Pb(II), Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) Ions from Aqueous Media. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
15
|
Sun Y, Yu Y, Zhou S, Shah KJ, Sun W, Zhai J, Zheng H. Functionalized chitosan-magnetic flocculants for heavy metal and dye removal modeled by an artificial neural network. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
16
|
Advanced Treatment of Phosphorus Pesticide Wastewater Using an Integrated Process of Coagulation and Ozone Catalytic Oxidation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional pretreatment and secondary biochemical treatment are ineffective methods for removing phosphorus from phosphorus-containing pesticide wastewater. In this study, coagulation-coupled ozone catalytic oxidation was used to treat secondary biochemical tailwater of phosphorus-containing pesticide wastewater thoroughly. The effects of the coagulant type, coagulant dosage, coagulant concentration, wastewater pH, stirring rate, and stirring time on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and chromaticity were investigated during coagulation. When the dosage of the coagulant PAFS was equal to 100 mg/L, the concentration of the coagulant, pH, stirring rate, and stirring time were 5 wt%, 8, 100 rpm, and 5 min, respectively, and the removal rates of COD, TP, and chroma in wastewater reached the maximum value of 17.6%, 86.8%, and 50.0%, respectively. Effluent after coagulation was treated via ozone catalytic oxidation. When the respective ozone dosage, H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, and reaction time were 120 mg/L, 0.1 vt‰, 10 wt%, and 90 min, residual COD and chromaticity of the final effluent were 10.3 mg/L and 8, respectively. The coagulation-coupled ozone catalytic oxidation process has good application prospects in the treatment of secondary biochemical tailwater from phosphorus-containing pesticide wastewater.
Collapse
|
17
|
GC–MS methods for the evaluation of the performance of electrochemical water treatment for the degradation of pollutants from paint industry effluents. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Li X, Zhang X, Xie S, Ge Y, Feng L, Li W. Optimized preparation and performance evaluation of a bifunctional chitosan-modified flocculant. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20857-20865. [PMID: 35919138 PMCID: PMC9301686 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the diversification of pollutants in current sewage, further improving the application efficiency of water treatment agents and realizing multi-functionalization are important directions for the research of water treatment agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-constructive of Collaborative Innovation Center for MSW Comprehensive Utilization, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yaling Ge
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Sun Y, Li D, Lu X, Sheng J, Zheng X, Xiao X. Flocculation of combined contaminants of dye and heavy metal by nano-chitosan flocculants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113589. [PMID: 34467861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two multifunctional nano-chitosan flocculants (CPAM-NCS1 and CPAM-NCS2) were made through the graft modification of cationic monomer and carboxymethylchitosan (CMCTS) to remove combined contaminants. The effects of various factors (pH, flocculant dosage and hydraulic mixing conditions) on the flocculation performance under single and composite pollution conditions were systematically investigated, the optimal chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the chromaticity removal rates in the dye wastewater were 79.9% and 83.9% at wastewater pH 7, the fast stirring rate 300 rpm, the fast stirring time 8 min, and the dosage of CPAM-NCS1 80 mg/L, respectively. The optimal removal rates of Cu (II) obtained by CPAM-NCS1 and CPAM-NCS2 at were 80.3% and 75.2% at 60 mg/L and the wastewater pH 7, respectively. The optimal removal rates of Cu (II) and disperse orange were 85.3% and 89.4%, respectively, in a composite pollutant system in which Cu (II) and disperse orange coexisted when the pH of the composite system was 9 and the dosage of CPAM -NCS1 was 60 mg/L. This study proved that nanoflocculants made by modifying CMCTS with different structures can demonstrate ideal flocculation removal performance for dye and heavy metal wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Deng Li
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jinwei Sheng
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuefeng Xiao
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang X, Li Y, Tang X, Jiang J, He Q, Xiong Z, Zheng H. Biopolymer-based flocculants: a review of recent technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46934-46963. [PMID: 34263401 PMCID: PMC8279699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based flocculants have become a potential substitute for inorganic coagulants and synthetic organic flocculants due to their wide natural reserves, environmental friendliness, easy natural degradation, and high material safety. In recent years, with more and more attention to clean technologies, a lot of researches on the modification and application of biopolymer-based flocculants have been carried out. The present paper reviews the latest important information about the base materials of biopolymer-based flocculants, including chitosan, starch, cellulose, and lignin etc. This review also highlights the various modification methods of these base materials according to reaction types in detail. Via the recent researches, the flocculation mechanisms of biopolymer-based flocculants, such as adsorption, bridging, charge neutralization, net trapping, and sweeping, as well as, some other special mechanisms are comprehensively summarized. This paper also focuses on the water treatment conditions, the removal efficiency, and advantages of biopolymer-based flocculants in applications. Further, this review sheds light on the future perspectives of biopolymer-based flocculants, which may make progress in the sources of base materials, modification processes, multi-function, and deepening application researches. We believe that this review can guide the further researches and developments of biopolymer-based flocculants in the future, to develop them with a higher efficiency, a lower cost, more safety, and multi-function for more diversified applications. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisen Li
- Digital Chongqing Big Data Application Development Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jayakumar V, Govindaradjane S, Senthil Kumar P, Rajamohan N, Rajasimman M. Sustainable removal of cadmium from contaminated water using green alga - Optimization, characterization and modeling studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111364. [PMID: 34033830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research study reported the feasibility of cadmium removal using green algae, Caulerpa scalpelliformis, under controlled environmental conditions. The algal biosorbent could effectively remove cadmium under broad range of test conditions, namely, initial pH (3-6), adsorbent mass (0.5-2.5 gL-1) and shaking speed (60-100 rpm). The best operating conditions were identified using Central Composite Design under Response Surface methodology and found to be pH - 4.9, adsorbent mass - 2.1 gL-1 and shaking speed - 90 rpm. Equilibrium studies were conducted and monolayer sorption was identified as the mechanism, confirmed by Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9920). The maximum Cd uptake achieved at optimal conditions was 111.11 mg g-1. The kinetic constants of the best fit model (pseudo second order) were determined. The thermodynamic feasibility was verified (ΔG ͦ < 0) and the biosorption process was found to be endothermic (ΔH ͦ > 0). The mass transfer studies shows that the mass transfer coefficient was inversely related to the temperature. Presence of favorable surface functional groups and enhanced surface area confirmed the suitability of the synthesized biosorbent for effective removal of cadmium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MNGPC, Pudhucherry, 605008, India.
| | - S Govindaradjane
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering, College, Pudhucherry, 605014, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - N Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Sohar University, Sohar, PC:311, Oman
| | - M Rajasimman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Preparation and Characterization of High-Efficiency Magnetic Heavy Metal Capture Flocculants. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13131732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA was prepared based on carboxymethyl chitosan and magnetic Fe3O4. It was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD and VSM, and the Cu(II) removal rate was used as the evaluation basis for the preparation process. The effects of AMPS content, total monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration and reaction time on the performance of MF@AA flocculation to remove Cu(II) were studied. The characterization results show that MF@AA has been successfully prepared and exhibits good magnetic induction characteristics. The synthesis results show that under the conditions of 10% AMPS content, 35% total monomer concentration, 0.04% photoinitiator concentration, and 1.5 h reaction time, the best yield of MF@AA is 77.69%. The best removal rate is 87.65%. In addition, the response surface optimization of the synthesis process of MF@AA was performed. The optimal synthesis ratio was finally determined as iron content 6.5%, CMFS: 29.5%, AM: 53.9%, AMPS: 10.1%. High-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA shows excellent flocculation performance in removing Cu(II). This research provides guidance and ideas for the development of efficient and low-cost flocculation technology to remove Cu(II) in wastewater.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hermosillo-Ochoa E, Picos-Corrales LA, Licea-Claverie A. Eco-friendly flocculants from chitosan grafted with PNVCL and PAAc: Hybrid materials with enhanced removal properties for water remediation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
25
|
Sun W, Zhou S, Sun Y, Xu Y. Synthesis and evaluation of cationic flocculant P(DAC-PAPTAC-AM) for flocculation of coal chemical wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:239-248. [PMID: 33183701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-efficiency cationic flocculant, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), was successfully prepared using UV-induced polymerization technology. The monomer Acrylamide (AM): Acryloxyethyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC): methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) ratio, monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration, urea content, and cationic monomer DAC:MAPTAC ratio, light time, and power of high-pressure mercury lamp were studied. The characteristic groups, characteristic diffraction peaks, and characteristic proton peaks of P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (1H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of dosage, pH value, and velocity gradient (G) value on the removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol by poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), and PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) in the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for the flocculation of coal chemical wastewater using P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) alone are as follows: dosage of 8-12 mg/L, G value of 100-250 s - 1, and pH value of 4-8. The optimal dosage of PAFC is 90-150 mg/L with a pH of 2-12. The optimal dosage for PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) is as follows: PAFC dosage of 90-150 mg/L, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) dosage of 8-12 mg/L, and pH range of 2-6. When P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) was used alone, the optimal removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol were 81.0%, 35.0%, 75.0%, and 80.3%, respectively. PAFC has good tolerance to wastewater pH and good pH buffering. Thus, the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater using the PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) compound also exhibits excellent resistance and buffering capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Shengbao Zhou
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Yanhua Xu
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Koshani R, Tavakolian M, van de Ven TGM. Cellulose-based dispersants and flocculants. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10502-10526. [PMID: 33136107 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural dispersants and flocculants, often referred to as dispersion stabilizers and liquid-solid separators, respectively, have secured a promising role in the bioprocessing community. They have various applications, including in biomedicine and in environmental remediation. A large fraction of existing dispersants and flocculants are synthesized from non-safe chemical compounds such as polyacrylamide and surfactants. Despite numerous advantages of synthetic dispersants and flocculants, issues such as renewability, sustainability, biocompatibility, and cost efficiency have shifted attention towards natural homologues, in particular, cellulose-based ones. Within the past decade, cellulose derivatives, obtained via chemical and mechanical treatments of cellulose fibrils, have successfully been used for these purposes. In this review article, by dividing the functional cellulosic compounds into "polymeric" and "nanoscale" categories, we provide insight into the engineering pathways, the structural frameworks, and surface chemistry of these "green" types of dispersants and flocculants. A summary of their efficiency and the controlling parameters is also accompanied by recent advances in their applications in each section. We are confident that the emergence of cellulose-based dispersing and flocculating agents will extend the boundaries of sustainable green technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Koshani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada. and Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Mandana Tavakolian
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada. and Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada. and Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM) and Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|