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Wiciak MT, Shazley O, Santhosh D. Reevaluating Sleep Quality During COVID-19 and Associations With Quarantine, Mental Health, Stress, and Screen Time in Young Adults: Results From a Cross-Sectional Online Survey. Am J Lifestyle Med 2024; 18:376-388. [PMID: 38737873 PMCID: PMC10265264 DOI: 10.1177/15598276231182621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected individual sleep quality, especially with high-stress levels. We assessed sleep quality in young adults during COVID-19, and mental health, stress, and screen time (ST) use. An international cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021. The surveys assessed sleep quality (PSQI), ST use, and mental health. 183 participants were eligible for analysis. The average global PSQI score was 7.29 (sd = 3.58, n = 99). Associations were found between global PSQI scores and Fear of COVID-19 (r (98) = .223, P = .027), anxiety scores (r (99) = -.541, P < .001), increased total stress scores (r (88) = .486, P < .001), and depression (r (97) = .628, P < .001). Those currently quarantining had statistically higher PSQI scores than those who quarantined in the past (F (2,175) = 3.397, P = .036), but not for those who did not quarantine. Differences were found between genders for global PSQI (F (4,94) = 2.865, P < .027) and poor vs good sleep (X2 (1,98) = 3.982, P = .046). There was also a relationship between ethnicity and poor vs good sleep quality (X2 (2,94) = 6.538, P = .038). We did not find associations between ST and sleep quality but found poor sleep quality significantly related to mental health during COVID-19. We found no direct evidence that quarantining itself results in poor sleep quality. Interventions need to maximize sleep quality in certain groups, like females and ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Teresa Wiciak
- Saint James School of Medicine, St Vincent and the Grenadines, 1181 Sandy Beach Drive, Arnos Vale 31201, British West Indies
| | - Omar Shazley
- Saint James School of Medicine, St Vincent and the Grenadines, 1181 Sandy Beach Drive, Arnos Vale 31201, British West Indies
| | - Daphne Santhosh
- Saint James School of Medicine, St Vincent and the Grenadines, 1181 Sandy Beach Drive, Arnos Vale 31201, British West Indies
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Lee S, Quinn L, Fritschi C, Fink AM, Park C, Reutrakul S, Collins EG. Physical Activity After Heart Surgery: Associations With Psychosocial and Sleep Factors. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:333-343. [PMID: 38533821 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241240432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart surgery is an effective intervention for managing heart disease, the leading cause of death globally. After surgery, physical activity is key to improving patients' quality of life and decreasing mortality, but patients are frequently physically inactive after heart surgery. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to examine how psychosocial and sleep factors influenced physical activity in patients after heart surgery. The mediating role of sleep factors between psychosocial factors and physical activity was also examined. METHODS Thirty-three patients who had undergone heart surgery were recruited. Psychosocial and sleep factors and physical activity were measured using an online survey and a wrist-worn ActiGraph for 7 days and nights. RESULTS The participants had heart surgery an average of about 7 years previously. They exceeded the recommended 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for Americans; however, 64% of them showed poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5). Higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and greater sleep disturbances were associated with lower physical activity. Moreover, self-efficacy, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset were predictors for physical activity. No mediating role of sleep factors was observed between psychosocial factors and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial and sleep factors should be considered when developing and implementing physical activity strategies for patients after heart surgery. Researchers should examine the relationships among the study variables with larger samples of postsurgical cardiac patients during different periods after heart surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueyeon Lee
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lauretta Quinn
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cynthia Fritschi
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne M Fink
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chang Park
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen G Collins
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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胡 越, 张 伟. [Effects of Television Screen Exposure on the Mental Health of Middle-aged and Older Adults]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:1191-1200. [PMID: 38162069 PMCID: PMC10752788 DOI: 10.12182/20230960504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between the duration of TV screen exposure and mental illnesses in middle-aged and older adults. Methods The study was based on a cohort of 500 000 participants from UK Biobank. A prospective cohort of participants with TV screen exposure was established based on the exposure factor of the participants' daily TV watching time. The outcome was defined as psychological problem-related outcomes. The follow-up period extended from the time of baseline assessment of the participants to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of suicide attempts and mental illnesses in the population covered by the study. Results A total of 410 946 participants were followed up for an average of 10.8 years and 33 071 of them experienced an outcome events. Compared with the group of participants who had 0-1 h of daily TV time, the group of participants who watched TV for more than 5 h per day had an HR of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-1.44). In stratified analysis, we found that, compared with individuals aged 45 years and over, individuals who were 38-44 years old were at a higher risk of developing mental illness when they watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.15). Long periods of outdoor activities reduced the risk of mental illness for individuals who watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16-1.37). Having less than 5 hours of sleep increased the mental health risks of individuals who watched TV for long periods of time (>5 h HR 1.56, 95% CI: 1.34-1.81) and when sleep duration increased, TV watching showed decreased impact on mental health risks (>5 h HR dropped from 1.56 to 1.19). Conclusion Our findings suggest that TV viewing for long periods of time increases the risk of mental illness. Increaseing outdoor activity time and sleep time reduces the negative impact of watching TV on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- 越 胡
- 四川大学华西医院 心理卫生中心 (成都 610041)Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 伟 张
- 四川大学华西医院 心理卫生中心 (成都 610041)Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Burns RD, Bilic A, Bai Y, Brusseau TA, Lucero JE, King Jensen JL. Bidirectional associations of physical activity, sleep, and self-reported mental health in young adults participating in an online wellness intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1168702. [PMID: 37325310 PMCID: PMC10264583 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the bidirectional associations of physical activity (PA), sleep, and mental health in young adults participating in an online wellness intervention from October 2021 to April 2022. Methods Participants were a sample of undergraduate students from one US university (N = 89; 28.0% freshman; 73.0% female). The intervention was a 1-h health coaching session that was delivered either once or twice by peer health coaches on Zoom during COVID-19. The number of coaching sessions was determined by random allocation of participants to experimental groups. Lifestyle and mental health assessments were collected at two separate assessment timepoints after each session. PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Weekday and weekend sleep were assessed by two one-item questionnaires and mental health was calculated from five items. Cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) examined the crude bidirectional associations of PA, sleep, and mental health across four-time waves (i.e., T1 through T4). To control for individual unit effects and time-invariant covariates, linear dynamic panel-data estimation using maximum likelihood and structural equation modeling (ML-SEM) was also employed. Results ML-SEMs showed that mental health predicted future weekday sleep (β = 0.46, p < 0.001) and weekend sleep predicted future mental health (β = 0.11, p = 0.028). Although CLPMs showed significant associations between T2 PA and T3 mental health (β = 0.27, p = 0.002), no associations were observed when unit effects and time-invariant covariates were accounted for. Conclusion Self-reported mental health was a positive predictor of weekday sleep and weekend sleep positively predicted mental health during the online wellness intervention.
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Zhang S, He J, Yang Q, Du Y, Xiao W, Gao J, Li H. Anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in prisoners who had high risks to suffer from mood disorders: A longitudinal study before and during the COVID‐19. Stress Health 2023; 39:162-168. [PMID: 35730404 PMCID: PMC9350077 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We compared the anxiety levels in prisoners before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and analyzed the causes of the changes in anxiety. The first survey was conducted in October 2019 (T0), and the second was conducted in March 2020 (T1). Generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Insomnia Severity Index scales were selected to assess the quality of emotion and sleep among prisoners (N = 803). Three subjective questions were asked to evaluate prisoners' personal feelings on the COVID-19. Paired Samples T-test, Binary, and Multivariate Logistic Stepwise Regression were used to analyze the data. GAD-7 scores decreased at T1 (p < 0.001). For the prisoners without anxiety at T0 (n = 480), GAD-7's mean value at T1 raised (p < 0.001), whereas the mean value decreased (p < 0.001) for the prisoners with anxiety at T0 (n = 323). For the prisoners without anxiety, shorter years of education (OR = 0.843), COVID-19 (OR = 4.936), severer depression at T1 (OR = 1.683), and severer insomnia at T1 (OR = 1.134) were associated with the new onset of anxiety. For the prisoners with anxiety, anxiety was alleviated in 71.2% and exacerbated in 10.5% at T1. For the alleviators, severer depression at T1 (OR = 0.667) and COVID-19 (OR = 0.258) were associated with anxiety unrelief; severer anxiety at T0 (OR = 1.343) was associated with anxiety alleviation. For the exacerbators, severer anxiety at T0 (OR = 0.517) was associated with anxiety unaggravation; severer depression at T1 (OR = 1.196), COVID-19 (OR = 22.882), and severer depression at T0 (OR = 1.181) were associated with anxiety exacerbation. At the outbreak of COVID-19, prisoners' anxiety was reduced. The main factor was the baseline anxiety levels. That may be related to prison management and the Downward Social Comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Jin He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Qingzhen Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yizhi Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Weixia Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical CollegeXinxiangHenanChina
| | - Jindi Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hengfen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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Fong TCT, Chang K, Ho RTH. Association between quarantine and sleep disturbance in Hong Kong adults: The mediating role of COVID-19 mental impact and distress. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1127070. [PMID: 36926466 PMCID: PMC10011175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1127070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 quarantine has been associated with increased sleep problems and prolonged psychological responses to the pandemic could mediate this relationship. The present study attempted to examine the mediating role of COVID-19 mental impact and distress between quarantine and sleep disturbance. METHODS The present study recruited 438 adults (109 with quarantine experience) in Hong Kong via an online survey between August and October 2021. The respondents completed a self-report questionnaire on quarantine, Mental Impact and Distress Scale: COVID-19 (MIDc), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The MIDc was treated as a latent mediator and continuous PSQI factor and poor sleep quality (PSQI score > 5) were the study outcomes. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of quarantine on sleep disturbance via MIDc using structural equation modeling. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, education level, knowing confirmed COVID-19 cases, COVID-19 frontline work, and primary income source of the family. RESULTS More than half (62.8%) of the sample reported poor sleep quality. Quarantine was associated with significantly higher levels of MIDc and sleep disturbance (Cohen d = 0.23 - 0.43, p < 0.05). In the structural equation model, the MIDc mediated the relationship between quarantine and sleep disturbance (αβ = 0.152, 95% CI = 0.071 to 0.235). Quarantine significantly increased the proportion of poor sleep quality by 10.7% (95% CI = 0.050 to 0.171) indirectly via MIDc. CONCLUSIONS The results provide empirical support to the mediating role of the MIDc as psychological responses in the relationship between quarantine and sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted C T Fong
- Centre on Behavioral Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kay Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macao, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Rainbow T H Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zou L, Wang T, Herold F, Ludyga S, Liu W, Zhang Y, Healy S, Zhang Z, Kuang J, Taylor A, Kramer AF, Chen S, Tremblay MS, Hossain MM. Associations between sedentary behavior and negative emotions in adolescents during home confinement: Mediating role of social support and sleep quality. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100337. [PMID: 36199367 PMCID: PMC9508146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged periods of sedentary behaviour, for instance, engendered by home confinement in Shenzhen city, has led to negative mental health consequences, especially in adolescents. Previous research suggests, in general, that sedentary behavior can increase negative emotions. However, the specific mechanism driving the relationship between sedentary behavior and negative emotions is still relatively unclear. Social support and sleep quality might partly explain the effect of sedentary behavior on negative emotions. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the associations between sedentary behavior and negative emotions, and to investigate if social support and sleep quality mediate such a relationship. Method During home confinement due to the COVID-19 Omicron variant outbreak, 1179 middle and high school students in Shenzhen were invited to voluntarily complete an e-questionnaire, including the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data from 1065 participants were included in the analysis. Results We observed significant sex-related and demografic-related differences in emotional (e.g., anxiety, stress and social support) and other outcome variables (e.g., sitting duration and PSQI score). Furthermore, sedentary behavior, social support, and sleep quality were associated with negative emotions (p < .01), even after controlling for sex, age, only-child case, body mass index, and metabolic equivalent level. In addition, social support and sleep quality partially mediated the association between sedentary behavior and negative emotions. Conclusion The findings of the current study suggest that social support and sleep quality partially mediate the relationship between sedentary behavior and negative emotions in middle and high school students during home confinement in Shenzhen city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Body-Brian-Mind Laboratory; Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ting Wang
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Weina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Sean Healy
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Body-Brian-Mind Laboratory; Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Jin Kuang
- Body-Brian-Mind Laboratory; Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Alyx Taylor
- School of Rehabilitation, Sport and Psychology, AECC University College, Bournemouth, BH5 2DF, UK
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Illinois, USA
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - M. Mahbub Hossain
- Department of Decision and Information Sciences, C.T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Drumheller K, Fan CW. Unprecedented times and uncertain connections: A systematic review examining sleep problems and screentime during the COVID-19 pandemic. SLEEP EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:100029. [PMID: 35692715 PMCID: PMC9076584 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepe.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sleep has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. Furthermore, screen time has been reported to influence sleep and has increased during pandemic quarantines. This systematic review searched databases to determine if screen time affected sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods PubMed, Nursing and Allied Health Proquest, and Science Direct Health and Lifescience college edition were searched for articles that fit the inclusion criteria. There were 2750 articles initially screened. Then, 119 articles were further assessed to determine eligibility, creating a final sample of 18 articles that explored whether screen time affected sleep. Results After reviewing the included articles (n = 18), the main theme revealed that screen time negatively affected sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically aspects such as sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep onset latency, and wake time. However, several articles countered this implication. Therefore, it is important to consider other factors that may influence the relationship between screen time and sleep. Conclusions Although the number of articles included is limited, the overall synthesis suggests that COVID-19-related lifestyle changes, such as increased screen time, may negatively affect sleep health. However, other unidentified factors may have contributed to these findings and warrant further research. Nonetheless, community leaders must consider the long-term consequences of the pandemic and implement initiatives to address sleep challenges due to the intricate connection between sleep and well-being.
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Fontana F, Bourbeau K, Moriarty T, da Silva MP. The Relationship between Physical Activity, Sleep Quality, and Stress: A Study of Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15465. [PMID: 36497539 PMCID: PMC9740648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted chaotic changes in the daily lives of K-12 teachers, resulting in increased stress and other mental health problems. Limited evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity, sleep, and perceived stress among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic exists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity, sleep quality, and perceived psychological stress among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey measuring physical activity, sleep quality, and perceived psychological stress was distributed across 47 US states between September and October of 2020. Data provided by 635 teachers (mean age: 42 ± 18 years, 74.6% female) were included in the present analysis. Results suggested a negative association between physical activity and perceived psychological stress. Mediation analyses indicated that teachers engaging in high levels of physical activity were more likely to have good quality sleep and, in turn, were less likely to report high levels of perceived stress. Physical activity and sleep-related interventions could help curtail the rising levels of psychological distress amongst K-12 teachers during stressful times such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers, especially those that self-report as female and/or young, report high levels of stress. These high levels of stress are a serious challenge for school districts in terms of attracting and retaining qualified teachers in K-12 classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fontana
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
| | - Kelsey Bourbeau
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
| | - Terence Moriarty
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
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Khazaie H, Norouzi E, Rezaie L, Safari-Faramani R. Effect of physical activity on sleep quality in patients with major depression disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Duncan MJ, Riazi NA, Faulkner G, Gilchrist JD, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. The association of physical activity, sleep, and screen time with mental health in Canadian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal isotemporal substitution analysis. Ment Health Phys Act 2022; 23:100473. [PMID: 36156917 PMCID: PMC9482721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health is a global concern. Increased screen time and reduced physical activity due to the lockdown measures have been linked to detrimental mental health outcomes; however, the literature remains limited by cross-sectional and retrospective designs, and consideration of behaviours in isolation. Prospective evidence is necessary to examine whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep and screen time influenced changes in mental health. METHOD Analyses used data from a prospective cohort study of secondary school students in Canada with baseline data from the 2018-2019 school year and linked follow-up data from online surveys completed during the initial COVID-19 outbreak (May-July 2020). Multilevel linear regression models were used to evaluate the within- and between-person isotemporal substitution effects of sleep, MVPA and screen time behaviours on depression, anxiety, subjective well-being, and trait emotional dysregulation. RESULTS Linked longitudinal data from 2645 students attending 44 schools were available. Between-person effects indicated that individuals who engaged in more MVPA and sleep while minimizing screen time had lower depression scores, less severe emotional dysregulation, and better subjective well-being. While controlling for between-person effects, within-person year-on-year change suggests those who increased screen time while decreasing either MVPA or sleep experienced mental health decline on all outcomes. CONCLUSION MVPA and sleep were associated with youth mental health during the early COVID-19 lockdown. Increasing MVPA and sleep (or at least mitigating the increase of screen time) compared to the prior year was associated with better mental health during the early pandemic. A limitation to consider is that the screen time measure represents a combination of screen behaviours, and effects of replacing screen time may have varied if distinctions were made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Joseph Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Negin Alivia Riazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station,2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jenna Diane Gilchrist
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott Thomas Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen Allison Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Kantor J, Kantor BN, Fortgang RG, Pace-Schott EF. Sleep Quality Impairment Is Associated With Pandemic Attitudes During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Circuit Breaker Lockdown in England: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:819231. [PMID: 35910875 PMCID: PMC9334795 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.819231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with sleep quality impairment and psychological distress, and the general public has responded to the pandemic and quarantine requirements in a variety of ways. We aimed to investigate whether sleep quality is low during a short-term (circuit break) quarantine restriction, and whether sleep quality is associated with respondents' overall attitudes to the pandemic using a validated scale.Design and SettingOnline cross-sectional study in England in November 2020.ParticipantsThe study included 502 respondents over the age of 18.MeasurementsSleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and pandemic attitudes were assessed using the Oxford Pandemic Attitudes Scale–COVID-19 (OPAS-C), a validated 20-item, 7-domain scale that assesses pandemic-related stress, fear, loneliness, sense of community, sense of exaggerated concern, non-pharmaceutical interventions, and vaccine hesitancy. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression odds ratios of association were assessed between the dependent variable of poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) and risk factors, including OPAS-C score, age, sex, educational status, and income.ResultsThe mean (SD) PSQI score was 7.62 (3.49). Overall, 68.9% of respondents met criteria for poor sleep quality using the PSQI cutoff of >5. The mean (SD) OPAS-C score was 60.3 (9.1). There was a significantly increased odds of poor sleep quality in the highest vs. lowest OPAS-C quartiles (OR 4.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.13], p < 0.0001). Age, sex, income, political leaning, employment status, and education attainment were not associated with poor sleep quality.ConclusionsMore than two-thirds of respondents met criteria for poor sleep quality. The odds of poor sleep quality increased in a dose-response relationship with pandemic attitudes (such as higher levels of pandemic-related stress, fear, or loneliness). The association between poor sleep quality and pandemic attitudes suggests opportunities for public health and sleep medicine interventions, and highlights the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kantor
- Center for Global Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Florida Center for Dermatology, St Augustine, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan Kantor
| | | | | | - Edward F. Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Rajkumar E, Rajan AM, Daniel M, Lakshmi R, John R, George AJ, Abraham J, Varghese J. The psychological impact of quarantine due to COVID-19: A systematic review of risk, protective factors and interventions using socio-ecological model framework. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09765. [PMID: 35756104 PMCID: PMC9212950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though quarantine is a pertinent control measure for the spread of COVID-19, it is equally important to consider its negative impacts, as it causes severe psychological, emotional, and financial problems not only for those who are quarantined but also for many others who are directly or indirectly connected to those who are quarantined. There appears to be a need to synthesise the available literature evidence on the psychological impact of quarantine experience, especially the multilevel risk factors that make individuals vulnerable to psychological impact and the protective factors to deal with the negative effects of quarantine. Objective This systematic review attempted to identify the various psychological impacts associated with the experience of quarantine, the risk and protective factors and list out various psycho-social interventions that can minimise the risks and facilitate the protective factors associated with the experience of quarantine. Methods A systematic search adhering to the PRISMA guidelines was performed in four databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNet, Web of Science and 10518 articles related to COVID-19 and quarantine were obtained. After screening processes and quality assessment using standard checklist 74 articles that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were chosen for the final review. Findings Individuals subjected to quarantine had anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, sleep problems, and somatic difficulties. Some of the key risk factors during quarantine are young age, female gender, low money, fear of infection, poor sleep quality, reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behaviours, and a lack of social support. Financial difficulties and stigma remained risk factors even after the quarantine period had ended. Key protective factors were coping skills, home based exercise, leisure, recreational activities, maintaining relationships using social media and availability of mental health services. The findings also highlight the necessity for tele mental health interventions to address the psychological effects of quarantine. Conclusion Multilevel interventions are required to minimise the impact of risk factors and enhance protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslavath Rajkumar
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | | | - Monica Daniel
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - R Lakshmi
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Romate John
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Allen Joshua George
- Humanities and Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Ranchi, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - John Abraham
- St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jee Varghese
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
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14
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Bi K, Chen S. Sleep profiles as a longitudinal predictor for depression magnitude and variability following the onset of COVID-19. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:159-165. [PMID: 35038620 PMCID: PMC8748309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted multiple domains of life including sleep. The present study used a longitudinal dataset (N = 671) and a person-centered analytic approach - latent profile analysis (LPA) - to elucidate the relationship between sleep and depression. We used LPA to identify profiles of sleep patterns assessed by Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at the beginning of the study. The profiles were then used as a predictor of depression magnitude and variability over time. Three latent profiles were identified (medicated insomnia sleepers [MIS], inefficient sleepers [IS], and healthy sleepers [HS]). MIS exhibited the highest level of depression magnitude over time, followed by IS, followed by HS. A slightly different pattern emerged for the variability of depression: While MIS demonstrated significantly greater depression variability than both IS and HS, IS and HS did not differ in their variability of depression over time. Medicated insomnia sleepers exhibited both the greatest depression magnitude and variability than inefficient sleepers and healthy sleepers, while the latter two showed no difference in depression variability despite inefficient sleepers' greater depression magnitude than healthy sleepers. Clinical implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Bi
- Tsinghua University, China; Columbia University, USA.
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15
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Leão ACA, Silva NSSE, Messias RB, Haikal DS, Silveira MF, Pinho LD, Silva RRV, Brito MFSF. Consumo de álcool em professores da rede pública estadual durante a pandemia da COVID-19. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de álcool entre os professores da rede pública estadual do ensino básico antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e os fatores associados aos que aumentaram o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas durante a pandemia. Métodos: Inquérito epidemiológico do tipo websurvey , realizado com professores da educação básica das escolas da rede pública estadual de Minas Gerais. A coleta ocorreu de agosto a setembro/2020 via formulário digital e contou com o apoio da Secretaria de Estado de Educação. A variável dependente adotada foi o aumento no consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelos professores durante a pandemia. Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 15.641 professores de 795 municípios mineiros. Em relação ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, antes da pandemia, 46,9% dos professores consumiam pelo menos uma vez por semana e durante a pandemia 7,1% relataram que estavam bebendo mais do que costumavam. Observou-se maior consumo de bebida alcoólica durante a pandemia entre os homens, com menor faixa etária, com maior renda familiar, os que tiveram muita dificuldade em realizar as atividades escolares, os insatisfeitos com o trabalho, os que começaram a ter problemas de sono e naqueles com algum familiar/amigo que desenvolveu sintomas graves da COVID-19. Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria dos participantes manteve o seu consumo ou o diminuiu durante a pandemia, com 7,1% aumentando o uso de álcool. Esse aumento foi associado a fatores sociodemográficos e econômicos, condições de trabalho durante a pandemia, comportamentos/hábitos de vida e condições de saúde.
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16
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Lewis R, Roden LC, Scheuermaier K, Gomez-Olive FX, Rae DE, Iacovides S, Bentley A, Davy JP, Christie CJ, Zschernack S, Roche J, Lipinska G. The impact of sleep, physical activity and sedentary behaviour on symptoms of depression and anxiety before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of South African participants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24059. [PMID: 34911984 PMCID: PMC8674220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals have experienced poor sleep quality and sleep regularity, changes in lifestyle behaviours, and heightened depression and anxiety. However, the inter-relationship and relative strength of those behaviours on mental health outcomes is still unknown. We collected data between 12 May and 15 June 2020 from 1048 South African adults (age: 32.76 ± 14.43 years; n = 767 female; n = 473 students) using an online questionnaire. Using structural equation modelling, we investigated how insomnia symptoms, sleep regularity, exercise intensity/frequency and sitting/screen-use (sedentary screen-use) interacted to predict depressive and anxiety-related symptoms before and during lockdown. We also controlled for the effects of sex and student status. Irrespective of lockdown, (a) more severe symptoms of insomnia and greater sedentary screen-use predicted greater symptoms of depression and anxiety and (b) the effects of sedentary screen-use on mental health outcomes were mediated by insomnia. The effects of physical activity on mental health outcomes, however, were only significant during lockdown. Low physical activity predicted greater insomnia symptom severity, which in turn predicted increased depressive and anxiety-related symptoms. Overall, relationships between the study variables and mental health outcomes were amplified during lockdown. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining physical activity and reducing sedentary screen-use to promote better sleep and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lewis
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L C Roden
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
| | - K Scheuermaier
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - F X Gomez-Olive
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D E Rae
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Iacovides
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Bentley
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J P Davy
- Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - C J Christie
- Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - S Zschernack
- Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - J Roche
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - G Lipinska
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Mosher Henke R. Knowing Well, Being Well: well-being born of understanding: Shifts in Health Behaviors Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:1162-1183. [DOI: 10.1177/08901171211055310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the sleep and dreams of many individuals. Some have experienced improvements, while others have had more complaints. The changes to daily life such as working from home and spending more time indoors in confinement may have disturbed the circadian rhythms of some individuals. There were many reports of a shift towards a later bedtime during the pandemic, with several studies showing that in general, females experienced worse sleep than males, including more nighttime awakenings and nightmares. Increased dream and nightmare frequency during the pandemic has been shown in multiple studies. It has been postulated that because dreams are often guided by the dominant emotional state, that dreams and nightmares related to pandemic themes are a result of specific stressors related to COVID-19. Those experiencing unwanted sleep disturbances and nightmares could stand to benefit from mindfulness and relaxation practices that can ease stress and anxiety before bedtime. Striving to maintain a regular sleep schedule and enhance exposure to daylight-particularly during the first half of the day-may also be helpful.
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19
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Is Physical Activity Protective against Emotional Eating Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Study among Physically Active and Inactive Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113861. [PMID: 34836114 PMCID: PMC8618670 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic have been decreasing and this may be a risk factor for development of emotional eating and its associated factors. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors associated with emotional eating among individuals with different physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data relating to the pandemic on physical activity, emotional eating, sociodemographic data, perceptions about lifestyle habits, body satisfaction, and perceptions about eating habits and food consumption were collected. Factors associated with emotional eating in the group of active and inactive individuals were observed using multiple linear regression controlled for age, sex, BMI, and monthly income. Emotional eating for the active group was associated with perceived stress, body dissatisfaction, and increased consumption of sweets and desserts. In addition to these factors found among the active group, working or studying >8 h/day, sleep worsening, increased amount of food consumed, increased purchase of food through delivery, and increased vegetable consumption were also associated with emotional eating for the inactive group. These findings suggest a potential protective role of physical activity in the appearance of factors associated with emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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20
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Knight RL, McNarry MA, Sheeran L, Runacres AW, Thatcher R, Shelley J, Mackintosh KA. Moving Forward: Understanding Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during COVID-19-An Integrative Review and Socioecological Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010910. [PMID: 34682653 PMCID: PMC8535281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Population-level physical activity (PA) and sedentary time/behaviour estimates represent a significant public health issue exacerbated by restrictions enforced to control COVID-19. This integrative review interrogated available literature to explore the pandemic's impact on correlates of such behaviours in adults (≥18 years). Five electronic databases were systematically searched in January 2021. Data extracted from 64 articles were assessed for risk-of-bias using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool, with correlates identified, coded, and themed via thematic analysis. A socioecological model of during-pandemic PA was conceptualized and mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change mechanisms, which illustrates influences over five levels: Individual (biological)-general health; Individual (psychological)-mental health, cognition, motivation, and behaviour; Social-domestic situation, sociodemographic factors, support, and lifestyle choices; Environmental-resources and area of residence; and Policy-COVID-19-related rules. For sedentary time/behaviour, individual level factors, namely general and mental health, may be important correlates. Neither age or sex were clearly correlated with either behaviour. As we transition into a new normal, understanding which behaviour mechanisms could effectively challenge physical inactivity is essential. Targeting capability on a psychological level may facilitate PA and limit sedentary time/behaviour, whereas, on a physical level, maximizing PA opportunities could be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Knight
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Liba Sheeran
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4EP, UK;
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Adam W. Runacres
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Rhys Thatcher
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK;
| | - James Shelley
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Will Nothing Be the Same Again?: Changes in Lifestyle during COVID-19 Pandemic and Consequences on Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168433. [PMID: 34444180 PMCID: PMC8393535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected lifestyles: from sedentary behaviors to reduced physical activity, from disrupted sleep patterns to altered dietary habits. As a consequence, serious mental and emotional responses have been registered. There was a significant decline in physical and other meaningful activities of daily living, leisure, social activity, and education. In children, collateral effects of the pandemic include inadequate nutrition with a risk of both overweight and underweight, addiction to screens, lack of schooling, and psychosocial difficulties. Older adults are frequently unable to adapt to lockdown measures and suffer from depression and cognitive complaints. Recent studies focusing on changes in lifestyle during the Covid-19 pandemic and consequences on mental health have been identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect. All the available literature has been retrospectively reviewed. The results of the present narrative review suggest that mental distress caused by social isolation seems to be linked not only to personality characteristics but also to several lifestyle components (sleep disruption, altered eating habits, reduced physical activity). This review aims to explore major changes in the lifestyle and quality of life and the impact of these changes on mental health, and to inform clinicians and policymakers about elements that may reduce the negative psychological effects of the quarantine period imposed during this worldwide crisis. There is an urgent need for tailored preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic mental health interventions for the general population and for higher risk groups.
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Lara R, Fernández-Daza M, Zabarain-Cogollo S, Olivencia-Carrión MA, Jiménez-Torres M, Olivencia-Carrión MD, Ogallar-Blanco A, Godoy-Izquierdo D. Active Coping and Anxiety Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8240. [PMID: 34443989 PMCID: PMC8392463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The features of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social operations to contain the spread of the virus might have limited or altered coping, including healthy habits such as exercise, this contributing to a myriad of negative consequences for the mental health of the global population. We explored the contribution of coping and physical activity to the management of anxiety in Spanish adults during an active phase of the epidemic, as well as the relationship between these strategies. A total of 200 young and adult individuals (70% women) voluntarily completed an anxiety inventory, a coping skills self-report and a personal data section including exercise practice. The participants reported in average a mild yet existing level of anxiety symptoms; a third reported noticeable symptoms. At the time of the study, the participants used more adaptive than maladaptive coping styles. Participants' anxiety was inversely correlated with an active coping style, and positively with an avoidant style; physical activity correlated positively with an active coping style, and regular exercisers used more frequently active coping. Controlling for confounders, active coping, avoidant coping and exercise during the pandemic predicted anxiety symptoms. Other findings indicated that exercise was used as a coping strategy for dealing with emotional distress. Our results highlight the positive impact of functional coping and exercise for the management of negative states such as anxiety during the pandemic, and underline the importance of developing interventions aimed at enhancing coping skills for promoting physical and mental well-being of the population during health and social crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lara
- Departamento Psicología Social, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud/Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.A.O.-C.); (M.J.-T.); (A.O.-B.)
| | - Martha Fernández-Daza
- Psychology Department, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta 110000, Colombia; (M.F.-D.); (S.Z.-C.)
- Grupo de Investigación Estudios Sociales Interdisciplinares-ESI, Santa Marta 110000, Colombia
| | - Sara Zabarain-Cogollo
- Psychology Department, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta 110000, Colombia; (M.F.-D.); (S.Z.-C.)
- Grupo de Investigación Estudios Sociales Interdisciplinares-ESI, Santa Marta 110000, Colombia
| | - María Angustias Olivencia-Carrión
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud/Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.A.O.-C.); (M.J.-T.); (A.O.-B.)
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud/Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.A.O.-C.); (M.J.-T.); (A.O.-B.)
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Adelaida Ogallar-Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud/Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.A.O.-C.); (M.J.-T.); (A.O.-B.)
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Débora Godoy-Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud/Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.A.O.-C.); (M.J.-T.); (A.O.-B.)
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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23
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Ingegnoli F, Buoli M, Posio C, Di Taranto R, Lo Muscio A, Cumbo E, Ostuzzi S, Caporali R. COVID-19 related poor mental health and sleep disorders in rheumatic patients: a citizen science project. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:385. [PMID: 34344329 PMCID: PMC8330176 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic rheumatic diseases (RDs) are more vulnerable and the containment measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic might have severe psychological consequences. We investigated the presence of and risk factors associated with poor mental health, sleep disorders among RDs during the pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional Italian citizen science project evaluated the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with RDs. Between May and September 2020, eleven RD patients' associations sent the survey by using their mailing list and the related webpage and social network. 507 RD patients completed an ad-hoc anonymous online survey including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). RESULTS The mean scores on the PSS-10 and the IES-R were 18.1 and 29.7, respectively. Higher PSS scores were associated with younger age (p < 0.01), female gender (p < 0.01), overweight/obesity (p = 0.01), psychiatric pharmacotherapy (p < 0.01), and anxiety for loss of income (p < 0.01). Higher IES-R scores were associated with female gender (p < 0.01), intestinal diseases (p = 0.03), anxiety (p < 0.01), and health concern (p < 0.01). Among 375 patients with inflammatory arthritis, 246 (65.6%) had trouble staying asleep, 238 (63.5%) falling asleep, and 112 (29.9%) had dreams about the pandemic. Older age (OR = 1.038, CI 1.002-1.076), psychiatric pharmacotherapy (OR = 25.819, CI 11.465-58.143), and COVID infection (OR = 2.783, CI 1.215-6.372) were predictive of insomnia during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS A considerable COVID-19 related psychosocial burden has been detected in RDs. Different factors were predictive of poor mental health and sleep disorders in these patients. Focused supportive strategies should be implemented to improve the psychological well-being of fragile patients during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ingegnoli
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Posio
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Taranto
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lo Muscio
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Cumbo
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ostuzzi
- ALOMAR Lombard Association for Rheumatic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Pini, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Piazza Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Li QL, Zhao JY, Tian J, Sun T, Zhao CX, Guo HC, Zhu LY, Gao R, Yang LB, Cao DP, Zhang SE. The Association Among Achievement Goal Orientations, Academic Performance, and Academic Well-Being Among Chinese Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:694019. [PMID: 34408710 PMCID: PMC8365171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning motivation is a significant factor that ensures quality in medical education, and might affect the academic performance and well-being of medical students. This study aimed to explore the status of achievement goal orientations among medical students in China and to further identify the association among academic performance, academic well-being, and achievement goal orientations. Data were collected through a cross-sectional, anonymous survey conducted with 3,511 respondents (effective response rate = 81.7%), from four medical universities in China, and demographic factors, achievement goal orientations, academic performance, and academic well-being were assessed. The average score of achievement goal orientations of Chinese medical students suggested a difference in demographic factors, including sex, year of study, experience of leadership cadre, and family income. Both mastery and performance-avoidance goals were associated with academic performance, subjective academic stress, subjective learning adaptability, subjective sleep quality, and subjective well-being. Performance-approach goals were related to academic performance, subjective academic stress, and subjective learning adaptability. The achievement goal orientations of the medical students in this study were at a middle level. The findings emphasize the importance of mastery goals for promoting the academic performance and well-being of medical students. More care and attention toward achievement goal orientations can be beneficial for the improvement of the academic performance and well-being among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-lin Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-yang Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management to School of Medicine, Hang Zhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-xi Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-chen Guo
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li-yan Zhu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li-bin Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - De-pin Cao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-e Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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25
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García-Esquinas E, Ortolá R, Gine-Vázquez I, Carnicero JA, Mañas A, Lara E, Alvarez-Bustos A, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Sotos-Prieto M, Olaya B, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Gusi N, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Struijk EA, Martínez-Gómez D, Lana A, Haro JM, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Ara I, Miret M, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Changes in Health Behaviors, Mental and Physical Health among Older Adults under Severe Lockdown Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137067. [PMID: 34281004 PMCID: PMC8297096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We used data from 3041 participants in four cohorts of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in Spain collected through a pre-pandemic face-to-face interview and a telephone interview conducted between weeks 7 to 15 after the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown. On average, the confinement was not associated with a deterioration in lifestyle risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, diet, or weight), except for a decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, which reversed with the end of confinement. However, chronic pain worsened, and moderate declines in mental health, that did not seem to reverse after restrictions were lifted, were observed. Males, older adults with greater social isolation or greater feelings of loneliness, those with poorer housing conditions, as well as those with a higher prevalence of chronic morbidities were at increased risk of developing unhealthier lifestyles or mental health declines with confinement. On the other hand, previously having a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and doing more physical activity protected older adults from developing unhealthier lifestyles with confinement. If another lockdown were imposed during this or future pandemics, public health programs should specially address the needs of older individuals with male sex, greater social isolation, sub-optimal housing conditions, and chronic morbidities because of their greater vulnerability to the enacted movement restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Gine-Vázquez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - José A. Carnicero
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.A.-B.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
| | - Asier Mañas
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Elvira Lara
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.A.-B.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
| | - German Vicente-Rodriguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- CIBEROBN (CIBER of Obesity and Nutrition), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Aragón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Francisco José Garcia-Garcia
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- AFYCAV (Physical Activity, Quality of Life and Health) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jose R. Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ellen A. Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, 33003 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Josep María Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (I.G.-V.); (B.O.); (J.M.H.)
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.A.-B.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
| | - Ignacio Ara
- CIBERFES (CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.); (F.J.G.-G.); (N.G.); (I.R.-G.); (I.A.)
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.); (J.L.A.-M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.O.); (M.S.-P.); (J.R.B.); (E.A.S.); (D.M.-G.); (F.R.-A.)
- IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Sleep and Awakening Quality during COVID-19 Confinement: Complexity and Relevance for Health and Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073506. [PMID: 33800607 PMCID: PMC8037491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep and awakening quality (SQ and AQ) during COVID-19 in a large and diversified population in order to identify significant associations and risks in terms of demography, health and health-related behaviors, sleep variables, mental health, and attitudes. Methods/Results:Online surveys were used for data collection, received from 5479 individuals from the general population, sleep disorder patients, and COVID-involved (medical doctors (MDs) and nurses) and COVID-affected professionals (teachers, psychologists, and dentists). SQ and AQ were worse in adults, females, and high-education subjects. Feeling worse, having economic problems, depression, anxiety, irritability, and a high Calamity Experience Check List (CECL) score during COVID were significantly associated with poor SQ and AQ. Shorter sleep duration, increased latency, poor nutrition, low physical activity, increased mobile and social network use, more negative and less positive attitudes and behaviors were associated with poor AQ. Conclusions: The SQ logistic regression showed gender, morbidities, CECL, and awakenings as relevant, whereas, for AQ, relevant variables further included age and physical activity. Aiming to have a high stress compliance, each individual should sleep well, have important control of their mood, practice positive behaviors while dismissing negative behaviors and attitudes, practice exercise, have adequate nutrition, and beware of technologies and dependences.
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Rezaei N, Grandner MA. Changes in sleep duration, timing, and variability during the COVID-19 pandemic: Large-scale Fitbit data from 6 major US cities. Sleep Health 2021; 7:303-313. [PMID: 33771534 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in societal-level changes to sleep and other behavioral patterns. Objective data would allow for a greater understanding of sleep-related changes at the population level. About 163,524 active Fitbit users from 6 major US cities contributed data, representing areas particularly hard-hit by the pandemic (Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Miami). Sleep variables extracted include nightly and weekly mean sleep duration and bedtime, and variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and bedtime. Deviation from similar timeframes in 2018 and 2019 were examined, as were changes in these sleep metrics during the pandemic, relationships to changes in resting heart rate, and changes during re-opening in May and June. Overall, compared to 2019, mean sleep duration in 2020 was higher among nearly all groups, mean sleep phase shifted later for nearly all groups, and mean sleep duration and bedtime variability decreased for nearly all groups (owing to decreased weekday-weekend differences). Over the course of January to April 2020, mean sleep duration increased, mean bedtime shifted later, and mean sleep duration variability decreased. Changes in observed resting heart rate correlated positively with changes in sleep and negatively with activity levels. In later months (May and June), many of these changes started to drift back to historical norms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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28
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Coiro MJ, Asraf K, Tzischinsky O, Hadar-Shoval D, Tannous-Haddad L, Wolfson AR. Sleep quality and COVID-19-related stress in relation to mental health symptoms among Israeli and U.S. adults. Sleep Health 2021; 7:127-133. [PMID: 33691986 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 virus has resulted not only in high rates of morbidity and mortality across the globe, but in widespread mental health problems and sleep disruption, likely as a result of pandemic-related stressors. The current study examines associations among COVID-related stress, sleep quality, and mental health. DESIGN Cross-sectional data were collected via online surveys in May 2020. PARTICIPANTS were 2541 community adults ages 18-70 from Israel (N = 1969) and the U.S. (N = 572). MEASUREMENT Participants completed measures of COVID-related stress, sleep quality, and symptoms of anxiety, depression and adjustment disorder. RESULTS Participants reported high rates of depression and anxiety symptoms, adjustment difficulties, and poor sleep quality. In both countries, COVID-related stressors were associated with both anxiety and depression, and these associations were mediated by sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS These results support the role of sleep in mental health difficulties. Widespread, accessible, evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to improve health and mental health and to promote resilience in preparation for future global crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Coiro
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Kfir Asraf
- Department of Psychology, Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Orna Tzischinsky
- Department of Behavioral Science, Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Dorit Hadar-Shoval
- Department of Psychology, Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Lubna Tannous-Haddad
- Department of Behavioral Science, Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Amy R Wolfson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Effect of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) on the sleep of Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2021; 91:205-210. [PMID: 33736945 PMCID: PMC9017860 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (CNCDs) on the onset or increase in sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The role of the report of sadness or nervousness during the pandemic was also evaluated as a mediator of this association. Data from a behavior survey during COVID-19, conducted in Brazil with 45,161 people (18 years old or older), from April 24 to May 24, 2020, were used. The outcome variable was the onset or increase in sleep problems, and the exposure variable was the presence of CNCDs. The adjusted Odds Ratio of the association between CNCDs and sleep was estimated, and a mediation analysis was performed to test the effect of the report of sadness or nervousness on this association, using the Karlson Holm Breen method. The increase in sleep problems was reported by 44.9% of the population, and 33.9% reported at least one CNCD. The chance of sleep problems was higher among people with diabetes (1.34; 1.05–1.71), hypertension (1.26; 1.06–1.50), and with coronary heart diseases (1.36; 1.13–1.65) or respiratory diseases (1.42; 1.04–1.93). Compared to people without CNCDs, individuals with at least one CNCD had a 36% greater chance of impaired sleep (1.36; 1.19–1.55). The report of sadness or nervousness explained 45.1% of the association between CNCD and sleep. Our findings alert us to care for the emotional state and sleep of chronic patients during the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, and indicate the need for sleep monitoring in this population.
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