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Tadros M, Li S, Corkish B, Upton E, Newby J, Werner-Seidler A. Cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia in university students delivered via videoconferencing groups: A pilot study. Behav Sleep Med 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38949071 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2374258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep difficulties are common amongst university students and are associated with mental illness and reduced wellbeing. This paper reports a pilot study of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) tailored specifically for university students. It was hypothesized that the intervention would be feasible, acceptable, and improve sleep, anxiety, depression, and wellbeing. METHOD Students aged 18-25 participated via videoconferencing small group sessions of CBT-I. Feasibility was assessed through sign-up, consent rates, and study attrition, while acceptability was assessed using intervention adherence and a measure of intervention acceptability. Outcome measures included sleep quality, insomnia, suicidal ideation, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and wellbeing, and were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS Participants were 44 students (M = 21.8 years). Feasibility was confirmed by sign-up and consent rates (80% of the students who expressed interest agreed to participate); overall study attrition was 48%, comprised largely of participants not commencing treatment (27%). Participants perceived the program as effective and logical and made use of the skills suggested. In terms of adherence, 82% of the participants who engaged with treatment attended two or more sessions and 63% attended all four sessions; and 92% were either very satisfied or mostly satisfied. Sleep quality, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and wellbeing all significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention. DISCUSSION There was evidence that the CBT-I intervention tailored for university students was acceptable to participants and could be feasible to deliver. Sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and wellbeing improved significantly. These findings suggest that the intervention is suitable for evaluation in a fully powered randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tadros
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sophie Li
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Britt Corkish
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Upton
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jill Newby
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Alyousef SM, Alhamidi SA. Nursing student perspectives on improving mental health support services at university in Saudi Arabia - a qualitative study. J Ment Health 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38840521 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2024.2361224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students' needs for mental health (MH) services are an important aspect of academic success or failure. Nursing students enrolled at Saudi Arabian universities in need of MH care encounter obstacles in accessing this type of care. AIMS The present work explores students' views and suggestions about the existing problems surrounding university students' MH and well-being support services. METHODS Twenty students enrolled in a Master of Nursing program were recruited as research participants. Individual interviews of students' perceptions of the needs and availability of MH services during their studies provided inductive data. These data were analysed through a constructivist thematic method. FINDINGS Three major themes and sub-themes regarding the issues and possibilities of MH services were distinguished from the research data, namely, social implications, access and opportunity, and ways to improve care. Participants emphasised a need for a university-wide approach to reforming MH services to provide students with the required support and alleviate service demand by qualified professionals. CONCLUSION The present work underscores the need for provision of good quality MH care for university students and health promotion which strives to reduce stigma related to MH care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Mansour Alyousef
- Community and Psychiatric Department, Nursing College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Abdulrahman Alhamidi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Nursing College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Arria AM, Parisi CE, Bugbee BA, Vincent KB. Implementation of a computerized tool to address barriers to academic success among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38442337 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2317166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Academic assistance professionals work with college students to address barriers to academic success, although few assessment tools exist. This feasibility study examined the results of implementing a computerized tool for academic assistance professionals to help students. The Measure of Obstacles to Succeeding Academically in College (MOSAIC) is a 31-item risk assessment tool used to characterize academic barriers. It utilizes a tailored computer algorithm on a mobile device to match students with resources to address academic barriers. METHODS The MOSAIC was customized and administered at seven universities around the United States. Student responses were analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Academic assistance professionals were asked about implementation in unstructured interviews. RESULTS Stress and study skill concerns were the most reported barriers. The MOSAIC was well received, especially among students experiencing academic difficulties, but integration into routine workflow was an obstacle to sustained implementation. CONCLUSIONS The MOSAIC holds promise in addressing issues impeding academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Arria
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina E Parisi
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brittany A Bugbee
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn B Vincent
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Qeadan F, Beaudin S, Reutrakul S, English K. Single use of psychoactive substances and its association with sleep disorders and sleep health in a large US college sample. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38442345 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2317171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimate the association between single (i.e., exclusive) use of a range of substances and sleep outcomes. PARTICIPANTS College students participated in the 2015-2019 American College-Health Association-National College-Health Assessment survey. METHODS Multivariable logistic and linear regressions were used. RESULTS Single users of sedative, opioid, tobacco, and stimulant drugs were more likely to report a diagnosis of insomnia and other sleep disorder and indicated more days per week of negative sleep health outcomes compared not only to non-users of these substances but also polysubstance users. Single users of alcohol were significantly less likely to report a diagnosis of sleep disorder and indicated having had more days per week of positive sleep health outcomes compared to non-alcohol users and polysubstance users. However, those results are reversed for binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Support of programs addressing behaviors to reduce the high prevalence of psychoactive substance use and sleep disturbances in college youth is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Qeadan
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Stephane Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin English
- Albuquerque Area Southwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Kaubrys M, Mischel E, Frazier P. Examining mediators of the association between child maltreatment and sleep disturbance in college students. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106698. [PMID: 38401368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has been associated with poorer mental and physical health across the lifespan, including disrupted sleep. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess four potential mediators of the association between child maltreatment and sleep in a sample of college students: daily rumination, perceptions of control over stressors, sleep hygiene, and distress. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING University students (N = 234) completed self-report measures online. METHODS Childhood maltreatment was assessed at baseline and rumination, perceived control, sleep hygiene, and distress were assessed daily for 14 days and aggregated across days. Structural equation models were used to test hypotheses. The hypothesized model was compared to an alternate path reversal model. RESULTS Maltreatment was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance (β = 0.17, p < .05). Of the mediators, only sleep hygiene partially mediated the association between maltreatment and sleep (β = 0.07, p < .01). The alternate path reversal model demonstrated that sleep disturbances mediated the relation between child maltreatment and sleep hygiene (β = 0.11, p < .001) and perceived control (β = 0.07, p < .05), and sleep disturbances partially mediated the relation between maltreatment and distress (β = 0.10, p < .01) and rumination (β = 0.09, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Sleep hygiene may be implicated in the long-term health effects of child maltreatment. Further, sleep hygiene interventions may be useful for improving sleep among college students who have experienced maltreatment, and targeting students' sleep may have benefits for students' cognition and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie Kaubrys
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States
| | - Emily Mischel
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States
| | - Patricia Frazier
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
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Heller HC, Herzog E, Brager A, Poe G, Allada R, Scheer F, Carskadon M, de la Iglesia HO, Jang R, Montero A, Wright K, Mouraine P, Walker MP, Goel N, Hogenesch J, Van Gelder RN, Kriegsfeld L, Mah C, Colwell C, Zeitzer J, Grandner M, Jackson CL, Roxanne Prichard J, Kay SA, Paul K. The Negative Effects of Travel on Student Athletes Through Sleep and Circadian Disruption. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:5-19. [PMID: 37978840 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231207330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Collegiate athletes must satisfy the academic obligations common to all undergraduates, but they have the additional structural and social stressors of extensive practice time, competition schedules, and frequent travel away from their home campus. Clearly such stressors can have negative impacts on both their academic and athletic performances as well as on their health. These concerns are made more acute by recent proposals and decisions to reorganize major collegiate athletic conferences. These rearrangements will require more multi-day travel that interferes with the academic work and personal schedules of athletes. Of particular concern is additional east-west travel that results in circadian rhythm disruptions commonly called jet lag that contribute to the loss of amount as well as quality of sleep. Circadian misalignment and sleep deprivation and/or sleep disturbances have profound effects on physical and mental health and performance. We, as concerned scientists and physicians with relevant expertise, developed this white paper to raise awareness of these challenges to the wellbeing of our student-athletes and their co-travelers. We also offer practical steps to mitigate the negative consequences of collegiate travel schedules. We discuss the importance of bedtime protocols, the availability of early afternoon naps, and adherence to scheduled lighting exposure protocols before, during, and after travel, with support from wearables and apps. We call upon departments of athletics to engage with sleep and circadian experts to advise and help design tailored implementation of these mitigating practices that could contribute to the current and long-term health and wellbeing of their students and their staff members.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Craig Heller
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erik Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Allison Brager
- U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Fort Bragg, North California, USA
| | - Gina Poe
- UCLA Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ravi Allada
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Frank Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Carskadon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Bradley Hospital, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Rockelle Jang
- UCLA Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashley Montero
- Department of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kenneth Wright
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Philippe Mouraine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Namni Goel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Hogenesch
- Department of Genetics, Cincinnati University, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lance Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Cheri Mah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jamie Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Roxanne Prichard
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steve A Kay
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ketema Paul
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Lukowski AF, Karayianis KA, Kamliot DZ, Tsukerman D. Undergraduate Student Stress, Sleep, and Health Before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Med 2024; 50:1-15. [PMID: 35765146 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2085651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, undergraduate students experienced sleep problems and mental health issues that were negatively associated with academic achievement. Studies comparing undergraduate sleep and health pre- to mid-pandemic have yielded mixed results, necessitating additional research on other cohorts and examination of potential moderators. The present study was conducted to examine whether American undergraduate students tested mid-pandemic experienced poorer sleep, health, and academic achievement relative to students tested pre-pandemic, as well as to examine whether poor sleep during the pandemic was preferentially associated with poorer health in women. The current cross-sectional study included 217 participants tested pre-pandemic (February-December 2019) and a separate sample of 313 participants tested mid-pandemic (November-December 2020). Participants in both samples provided demographic information and completed questionnaires inquiring about participant sleep quality, insomnia, and cumulative grade point average (GPA); participants in the mid-pandemic sample also reported on measures of general, physical, and mental health. Participants tested mid-pandemic reported poorer global sleep quality, greater insomnia severity, greater stress, and higher cumulative GPAs relative to participants tested pre-pandemic. For the mid-pandemic sample only, poorer sleep quality was associated with reduced physical health; interactions indicated that women with poor sleep quality reported poorer mental health relative to both women with good sleep quality and men with poor quality sleep. Perceived stress mediated the association between sleep problems and GPA. These findings indicate that the pandemic negatively impacted the functioning of undergraduate students and highlights the need for future studies examining additional moderators of the reported effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F Lukowski
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine
| | | | - Deborah Z Kamliot
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine
| | - Dmitry Tsukerman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine
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8
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Barlett CP. Examining the longitudinal direct and indirect relationships between early sleep (quality and duration) and later cyberbullying perpetration in emerging adults. Sleep Health 2023; 9:897-902. [PMID: 37951772 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Researchers have recently posited the importance of sleep as a predictor of cyberbullying perpetration. We aimed to fill several theoretical gaps in the literature. First, most of the research focuses on sleep quality and not duration. Second, most of the studies are correlational, limiting causal claims. Third, few studies have tested the theoretical mediators (anger, hostility, and self-control) in the relationship between sleep (quality and duration) and cyberbullying. METHODS We employed short-term three-wave longitudinal study with US emerging adults (N = 182). At each wave participants completed measures of cyberbullying perpetration, anger, hostility, self-control, sleep quality, and sleep duration. RESULTS Findings from our longitudinal path model showed that Wave 2 anger was the only significant mediator between Wave 1 sleep duration (not quality) and Wave 3 cyberbullying. CONCLUSIONS We supported past research focused on the mediating role of anger in the relationship between sleep and cyberbullying, and theory that explicates the importance of mediators. Moreover, we contributed to this literature by employing a longitudinal design, assessing mediators, focusing on sleep duration and quality, and using an emerging adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Barlett
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
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Wu D, Yang T. Late bedtime, uncertainty stress among Chinese college students: impact on academic performance and self-rated health. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2915-2926. [PMID: 35437084 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2067337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between uncertainty stress and late bedtime behaviour, and to explore their associations with self-rated health and self-reported academic performance. The participants were 11,954 students from 50 universities in China from a cross-sectional survey. College students' bedtime, sleep duration, health status, and academic performance were assessed with a self-reported questionnaire. Uncertainty stress and general life stress were also measured by standard stress questionnaires. The logistic regression models and the path analysis were applied to explore the network relationships among these variables. Late bedtime prevalence among college students was 17.2% (95% C.I. 16.5%-17.9%). Gender, grade, monthly expenditure, and sleep duration were found to be related to the prevalence of late bedtime. Uncertainty stress was more influential on late bedtime and academic performance than general life stress. Students with higher uncertainty stress were 1.41 times more likely to experience late bedtime than those with lower uncertainty stress. Late bedtime was associated with involvement in adverse outcomes including worse self-rated health status and poor academic performance. Many college students were at risk for late bedtime, and those at risk may perceive high uncertainty stress and be at risk for academic failure and health problems. These findings underscore the significance of evaluating and monitoring bedtime in college students and the importance of intervention strategies that target bedtimes and uncertainty stress in an effort to reduce associated self-rated health outcomes and improve academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Psychology/Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Women's Hospital/Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Dietch JR, Huskey A, Dadeboe IO, Slavish DC, Taylor DJ. Intraindividual variability in sleep duration and college degree attainment. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1291-1295. [PMID: 37722693 PMCID: PMC10578456 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between sleep characteristics and college degree attainment. Participants were 968 college students (72% female; mean age 19.7 [1.7]). Participants completed a psychosocial and sleep questionnaire battery followed by one week of daily sleep diaries. Academic degree completion data was obtained from the university registrar 10 years later. Logistic regression examined whether mean and variability in sleep duration and sleep efficiency and insomnia symptoms predicted degree attainment, adjusting for age, gender, semester, grade point average (GPA), and perceived stress. The strongest predictors of degree attainment were female gender (OR = 0.67), greater age (OR = 1.32), GPA (OR = 1.97), and lower intraindividual variability in sleep duration (OR = 0.99). Results highlight the importance of examining variability in sleep duration in addition to mean sleep duration in predicting college retention. Future research should use a combination of objective and subjective measures to explore the impact of sleep factors, including variability, on degree completion and other academic metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Dietch
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Alisa Huskey
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Rodríguez Ferrante G, Goldin AP, Sigman M, Leone MJ. A better alignment between chronotype and school timing is associated with lower grade retention in adolescents. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2023; 8:21. [PMID: 37344483 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Schools start early in the morning all over the world, contrasting with adolescents' late chronotype. Interestingly, lower academic performance (i.e. grades or qualifications) was associated with later chronotypes. However, it is unclear whether it is a direct effect of chronotype or because students attend school too early to perform at their best. Moreover, little is known about how this affects students' academic success beyond their grades. To address this gap in knowledge, we studied how school timing and chronotype affect grade retention (i.e. repeat a year) in a unique sample of students randomly assigned to one of three different school timings (starting at 07:45, 12:40, or 17:20). Even when controlling for academic performance, we found that later chronotypes exhibit higher odds of grade retention only in the morning, but not in later school timings. Altogether, ensuring a better alignment between school timing and students' biological rhythms might enhance future opportunities of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Rodríguez Ferrante
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurociencia, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea P Goldin
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurociencia, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Laboratorio de Neurociencia, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Juliana Leone
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, B1876BXD, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, CONICET, Área de Educación, Escuela de Gobierno, C1428BIJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kramer Fiala Machado A, Wendt A, Menezes AMB, Gonçalves H, Wehrmeister FC. Sleep clusters and modifiable risk behaviors for noncommunicable diseases in young adults: Data from a birth cohort in Brazil. Sleep Health 2023; 9:346-353. [PMID: 36697320 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine sleep clusters among young adults and describe the prevalence of modifiable risk behaviors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) according to these clusters. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was carried out with the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort participants at the 22-year follow-up. Sleep onset, sleep offset, total sleep time (TST), TST variability, and sleep efficiency were evaluated by a triaxial accelerometer. We asked participants to wear the devices for 7 days on a nondominant wrist. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth sleep scale and sleep quality by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep clusters of 2738 individuals were determined using k-means cluster analysis. Crude and adjusted prevalence of modifiable risk behaviors for NCDs (smoking, harmful alcohol intake, leisure physical inactivity, overweight, screen time, and ultra-processed food consumption) were presented according to the sleep clusters. Adjustments included wealth index, skin color, years of schooling, current occupation, shift work, and having children under 2 years. All analyses were stratified according to sex. RESULTS We identified 3 sleep clusters for men (Healthy sleepers, Late and variant sleepers, and Shorter and poorer sleepers) and 3 for women (Healthy sleepers, Late and poor-quality sleepers, and Shorter, variant, and inefficient sleepers). Both males and females classified as Healthy sleepers presented a lower prevalence of modifiable risk behaviors for NCDs compared to individuals from other sleep clusters. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep health is associated with higher prevalence of modifiable risk behaviors for NCDs. Prevention strategies for NCDs should also focus on sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Wendt
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Betancourt-Núñez A, Nava-Amante PA, Bernal-Orozco MF, Vizmanos B, Vargas-García EJ, Márquez-Sandoval F, Salas-García MA, Díaz-López A. Food insecurity was negatively associated with adherence to the "fruits, vegetables, and foods rich in animal protein" dietary pattern among university students' households: the 2018 Mexican National Household Survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:854. [PMID: 37226130 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are often affected by food insecurity (FI) and this situation has been associated with low consumption of fruit/vegetables and high intake of added sugars and sweet drinks. However, there needs to be more evidence on the association between FI and dietary patterns (DPs), assessing the overall diet and allowing analysis of commonly consumed food combinations. We aimed to analyze the association between FI and DPs in university students' households. METHODS We used data from 7659 university student households from the 2018 Mexican National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH, for its acronym in Spanish). We obtained FI levels (mild, moderate, and severe) using the validated Mexican Food Security Scale (EMSA, Spanish acronym). Two DPs were identified by principal component analysis based on the weekly frequency of consumption of 12 food groups. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted by university student and household's characteristics was applied. RESULTS Compared to food security, households with mild-FI (OR:0.34; 95%CI:0.30, 0.40), moderate-FI (OR:0.20; 95%CI:0.16, 0.24) or severe-FI (OR:0.14; 95%CI:0.11, 0.19) were less likely to adhere to the dietary pattern "Fruits, vegetables and foods rich in animal protein" (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish or seafood, dairy products, and starchy vegetables). In addition, people with severe-FI (OR:0.51; 95% CI:0.34, 0.76) were also less likely to adhere to the dietary pattern "Traditional-Westernized" (pulses, oils or fats, sugar, sweets, industrialized drinks, foods made from corn/maize, wheat, rice, oats or bran, coffee, tea and eggs). CONCLUSIONS In these households FI impairs the ability to consume a healthy dietary pattern (fruits/vegetables and foods rich in animal protein). In addition, the intake of foods typical of the Mexican food culture reflecting the local Western dietary pattern is compromised in households with severe-FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Pablo Alejandro Nava-Amante
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
| | - María Fernanda Bernal-Orozco
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México.
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México.
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México.
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Elisa J Vargas-García
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
| | - Miguel Amaury Salas-García
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara, México
- Laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricio, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto Traslacional de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara, México
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Rovira I Virgili University (URV), Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Samuolis J. Sleep difficulties and psychological distress among college students during a COVID-19 campus red alert. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36943235 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2185451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined the extent to which pandemic-specific psychological distress symptoms and perceived stress were associated with sleep difficulties among college students. Participants: Participants included 203 full-time undergraduates from a medium-sized university located in the U.S. Methods: A survey was administered online in December of 2020. Results: Regression analyses showed pandemic-specific psychological distress was associated with the three sleep difficulties. Perceived stress was also associated with these three sleep difficulties of falling asleep (B = 0.078, SE = 0.013, p = .000), difficulty staying asleep (B = 0.080, SE = 0.014, p = .000), and with waking too early (B = 0.043, SE = 0.014, p = .003), and mediated the relationship between psychological distress and each of the sleep difficulties. Conclusions: During public health emergencies health promotion strategies to promote sleep health should include psychoeducational strategies specifically addressing pandemic-specific psychological distress symptoms and perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Samuolis
- Department of Psychology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
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15
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Gilstrap SR, Hobson JM, Dark HE, Gloston GF, Cody SL, Goodin BR, Thomas SJ. Disordered sleep and its association with academic performance and functioning. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2023; 21:113-123. [PMID: 38468910 PMCID: PMC10900013 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are prevalent among college students and are associated with poor academic performance. Few studies have included a clinical interview to comprehensively assess sleep disorder diagnostic criteria or assessed academic functioning (e.g., class attendance). College students (n = 277) were recruited to complete sleep questionnaires, a sleep diary for two weeks and, if indicated, a semi-structured clinical interview. Based on questionnaire data, students were categorized as being at risk versus not at risk for a sleep disorder. Based on the semi-structured clinical interview, students were categorized as meeting versus not meeting diagnostic criteria for a sleep disorder. Academic performance and functioning were assessed in all students to determine the association between the presence of sleep disorders and academic performance and functioning. In models adjusted for age, sex, race, and credit hours completed, students at risk for a sleep disorder (38.6% of the sample) reported missing more classes due to oversleeping (p = 0.001) and illness (p = 0.014), and fell asleep in class more often (p = 0.030) than their peers not at risk. Students with a sleep disorder (24.8% of the sample) reported missing more classes due to illness (p = 0.024) than those without a sleep disorder. There were no differences in grade point average between students at risk versus not at risk or with versus without a sleep disorder. Sleep disorder symptoms and diagnoses were significantly associated with worse academic functioning but not performance. Assessment and treatment of sleep disorders early in college students' career may be important for optimal academic functioning. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-022-00423-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Gilstrap
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - J. M. Hobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - H. E. Dark
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - G. F. Gloston
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - S. L. Cody
- Capstone College of Nursing, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - B. R. Goodin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - S. J. Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC1010, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017 USA
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16
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Berg SS, Rosenau PS, Prichard JR. Sleep quality mediates the relationship between traumatic events, psychological distress, and suicidality in college undergraduates. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1611-1614. [PMID: 33073731 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1826493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether sleep quality mediates the relationship between traumatic life events and psychological wellbeing in college students. Methods: 40,646 undergraduate responses from the Spring 2017 National College Health Assessment II were evaluated for relationships between two predictor variables: satisfactory sleep and traumatic life events, and two outcome variables: psychological distress (a composite of anxiety, exhaustion, feeling overwhelmed, depression, sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, and anger) and suicidality (composite of self-harm behaviors, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts). Linear mediation regression analysis via structural equation modeling was used to test these relationships. Results: Each additional traumatic life event students reported experiencing was associated with a 27.6% - 58.9% increase in the odds of reporting indicators of psychological distress or suicidality. Satisfactory sleep significantly mediated this negative relationship (proportional effects between 10.6 and 12.5%). Conclusions: Healthy sleep mediates the impact of traumatic life events on psychological distress and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Berg
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Parker S Rosenau
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - J Roxanne Prichard
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Stress, Sleep Quality, and Academic Performance among Dental Students in Shiraz, Iran. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:3781324. [PMID: 35677807 PMCID: PMC9168208 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3781324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quality of sleep and stress level can affect the health, capacity of learning, and academic performance of the students. This study aimed to investigate the association between stress and sleep quality with academic performance among undergraduate clinical dental students in Shiraz, Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2020–2021 among clinical dental students at Shiraz Dental School, Iran. A total of 138 students completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and dental environment stress (DES) questionnaire. The grade point averages (GPAs) of the previous terms of the participants were also collected. Data analysis was performed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the one-way ANOVA, post hoc Duncan's test, nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis H test, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and the chi-squared test. The p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Clinical dental students participated in this study experienced moderate levels of stress and poor sleep quality. Mean total DES and PSGI scores did not differ by sex, year of study, marital status, and place of residence (p values >0.05). Most of the students (52.9%) had moderate GPAs. A significant relationship was observed between sex and GPA as well as between place of residence and GPA (p values <0.05). No significant differences were found between DES total score or PSQI score and GPA categories (p values >0.05). A significant direct relationship between DES total score and PSQI score was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion Dental undergraduates in Shiraz, Iran, experienced moderate levels of stress and poor sleep quality. The results showed no significant difference between sleep quality or DES and academic achievement. However, a significant direct correlation was observed between sleep quality and dental environment stress.
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18
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Luo X, Hu C. Loneliness and sleep disturbance among first‐year college students: The sequential mediating effect of attachment anxiety and mobile social media dependence. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Mental Health Education Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chunnan Hu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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19
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Babb SJ, Rufino KA, Johnson RM. Assessing the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nontraditional Students' Mental Health and Well-Being. ADULT EDUCATION QUARTERLY (AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR ADULT AND CONTINUING EDUCATION) 2022; 72:140-157. [PMID: 35520881 PMCID: PMC8883161 DOI: 10.1177/07417136211027508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to measure how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health and well-being of college students, particularly nontraditional students. Participants (n = 321) completed a series of surveys assessing their level of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, insomnia, and well-being. Participants also indicated their nontraditional student characteristics, level of resilience, and additional life stressors due to the pandemic. Statistical analyses found that participants reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and insomnia, with corresponding lower levels of well-being across all students, compared with prepandemic levels. Results showed that while nontraditional students indicated an increased number of life stressors during the pandemic compared with their traditional peers, nontraditional students also demonstrated higher levels of resilience. Nontraditional students appear to be more successful at managing stressful life events due to the increased resilience that comes with age and experience, which can better prepare them to persevere and overcome challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Babb
- The University of Houston–Downtown, Houston, TX, USA
- Stephanie J. Babb, Department of Social Sciences, University of Houston–Downtown, 1 Main Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA.
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20
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Hjetland GJ, Skogen JC, Hysing M, Sivertsen B. The Association Between Self-Reported Screen Time, Social Media Addiction, and Sleep Among Norwegian University Students. Front Public Health 2022; 9:794307. [PMID: 34976935 PMCID: PMC8716598 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.794307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between daily screen time and sleep, evening screen time and sleep, and between social media addiction and sleep in a student population. This cross-sectional study is based on data from a national survey of all college and university students in Norway (the SHoT2018 study; n = 49,051). The sleep outcomes were sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and insomnia operationalized according to formal DSM-5 criteria. The results show a strong negative association between time spent on screen-based devices and sleep quality and quantity, and where screen use in bed had more consistent negative associations with sleep. Furthermore, there were higher rates of insomnia among those with higher levels of addiction, and curvilinear relationships with sleep duration, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency. Those with higher levels of addiction also had more evening screen time. The findings suggest that screen use plays an important role in students' sleep quantity and quality, where evening screen time has a stronger relationship with sleep compared to total daily screen time. The results also suggest a role of social media addiction, and addictive social media use may be a target for intervention in order to reduce evening screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnhild J Hjetland
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens C Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Du C, Adjepong M, Zan MCH, Cho MJ, Fenton JI, Hsiao PY, Keaver L, Lee H, Ludy MJ, Shen W, Swee WCS, Thrivikraman J, Amoah-Agyei F, de Kanter E, Wang W, Tucker RM. Gender Differences in the Relationships between Perceived Stress, Eating Behaviors, Sleep, Dietary Risk, and Body Mass Index. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051045. [PMID: 35268020 PMCID: PMC8912409 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a growing epidemic among university students, and the high levels of stress reported by this population could contribute to this issue. Singular relationships between perceived stress; engagement in restrained, uncontrolled, and emotional eating; sleep; dietary risk; and body mass index (BMI) have been reported in the current body of literature; however, these constructs interact with each other, and the complex relationships among them are infrequently examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the complex relationships between these constructs using mediation and moderation analyses stratified by gender. Methods: A cross-sectional study, enrolling university students from the United States (U.S.), the Netherlands, South Korea, Malaysia, Ireland, Ghana, and China, was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived stress; maladaptive eating behaviors including restrained, uncontrolled, and emotional eating; sleep duration and quality; dietary risk; and BMI were assessed using validated questionnaires, which were distributed through an online platform. Results: A total of 1392 students completed the online survey (379 male, 973 female, and 40 who self-identified as “other”). Uncontrolled and emotional eating mediated the relationship between perceived stress and dietary risk for both males and females; higher sleep quality weakened this relationship among female students but not males. Emotional eating mediated the relationship between perceived stress and BMI for both males and females, but higher sleep quality weakened this relationship only among females. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that students in higher education are likely to benefit from interventions to reduce uncontrolled and emotional eating. Programs that improve sleep quality, especially during highly stressful periods, may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Mary Adjepong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (M.A.); (F.A.-A.)
| | - Megan Chong Hueh Zan
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Min Jung Cho
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Pao Ying Hsiao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Laura Keaver
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Heesoon Lee
- Department of Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Wan Shen
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Winnie Chee Siew Swee
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Jyothi Thrivikraman
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Felicity Amoah-Agyei
- Department of Biochemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (M.A.); (F.A.-A.)
| | - Emilie de Kanter
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Robin M. Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-517-353-3408
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22
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Qanash S, Al-Husayni F, Falata H, Halawani O, Jahra E, Murshed B, Alhejaili F, Ghabashi A, Alhashmi H. Effect of Electronic Device Addiction on Sleep Quality and Academic Performance Among Health Care Students: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 7:e25662. [PMID: 34612827 PMCID: PMC8529471 DOI: 10.2196/25662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep quality ensures better physical and psychological well-being. It is regulated through endogenous hemostatic, neurogenic, and circadian processes. Nonetheless, environmental and behavioral factors also play a role in sleep hygiene. Electronic device use is increasing rapidly and has been linked to many adverse effects, raising public health concerns. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of electronic device addiction on sleep quality and academic performance among health care students in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2019 at 3 universities in Jeddah. Of the 1000 students contacted, 608 students from 5 health sciences disciplines completed the questionnaires. The following outcome measures were used: Smartphone Addiction Scale for Adolescents-short version (SAS-SV), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and grade point average (GPA). RESULTS The median age of participants was 21 years, with 71.9% (437/608) being female. Almost all of the cohort used smartphones, and 75.0% (456/608) of them always use them at bedtime. Half of the students (53%) have poor sleep quality, while 32% are addicted to smartphone use. Using multivariable logistic regression, addiction to smartphones (SAS-SV score >31 males and >33 females) was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) with an odds ratio of 1.8 (1.2-2.7). In addition, male gender and older students (age ≥21 years) were significantly associated with lower GPA (<4.5), with an odds ratio of 1.6 (1.1-2.3) and 2.3 (1.5-3.6), respectively; however, addiction to smartphones and poor sleep quality were not significantly associated with a lower GPA. CONCLUSIONS Electronic device addiction is associated with increased risk for poor sleep quality; however, electronic device addiction and poor sleep quality are not associated with increased risk for a lower GPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Qanash
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Husayni
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Falata
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud Halawani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Jahra
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boshra Murshed
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alhejaili
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a Ghabashi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem Alhashmi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Ramar K, Malhotra RK, Carden KA, Martin JL, Abbasi-Feinberg F, Aurora RN, Kapur VK, Olson EJ, Rosen CL, Rowley JA, Shelgikar AV, Trotti LM. Sleep is essential to health: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:2115-2119. [PMID: 34170250 PMCID: PMC8494094 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CITATION Sleep is a biological necessity, and insufficient sleep and untreated sleep disorders are detrimental for health, well-being, and public safety. Healthy People 2030 includes several sleep-related objectives with the goal to improve health, productivity, well-being, quality of life, and safety by helping people get enough sleep. In addition to adequate sleep duration, healthy sleep requires good quality, appropriate timing, regularity, and the absence of sleep disorders. It is the position of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) that sleep is essential to health. There is a significant need for greater emphasis on sleep health in education, clinical practice, inpatient and long-term care, public health promotion, and the workplace. More sleep and circadian research is needed to further elucidate the importance of sleep for public health and the contributions of insufficient sleep to health disparities. CITATION Ramar K, Malhotra RK, Carden KA, et al. Sleep is essential to health: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(10):2115-2119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ramar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Raman K. Malhotra
- Sleep Medicine Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kelly A. Carden
- Saint Thomas Medical Partners - Sleep Specialists, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer L. Martin
- Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, California
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - R. Nisha Aurora
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Vishesh K. Kapur
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric J. Olson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carol L. Rosen
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Anita V. Shelgikar
- University of Michigan Sleep Disorders Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lynn Marie Trotti
- Emory Sleep Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Barker RK, Tuominen LP, Larson MR, Lee-Nichols ME, Eslinger G, Patterson KL, Stocker SL. Enhancing Mindfulness and Well-Being in Higher Education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY WELL-BEING 2021; 4:625-646. [PMID: 34723120 PMCID: PMC8130210 DOI: 10.1007/s42413-021-00118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This article outlines the steps taken to establish the University of Wisconsin-Superior's Pruitt Center for Mindfulness and Well-Being. Major historical components include: gaining momentum; securing funding; developing mission and vision statements; launching the Pruitt Center; and recounting the services, programs, and impacts achieved to date. Through outlining experiences and lessons learned, others in higher education looking to enhance the well-being of their campus communities could benefit, regardless of whether creating a center is their goal. The process and rationale for creating and adopting the PERMANENT Model of Well-Being is also provided. Comparisons are made regarding the similarities and differences between the PERMANENT Model and two existing models: the PERMA Model and the Universidad Tecmilenio Well-being in Happiness Ecosystem. Also depicted is the intention concerning: 1) describing each domain of the PERMANENT Model of Well-Being, including Present Moment Awareness, the model's foundation; 2) the meaning behind the PERMANENT acronym, inspiring the notion of long-lasting well-being; 3) including the greater community; and 4) the model's process of learn, experience, reflect, and repeat, a reminder that all learning takes effort and practice. This process is supported by current mindfulness and well-being research, specifically as it relates to higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy K. Barker
- Pruitt Center for Mindfulness and Well-Being, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI USA
| | - Lori P. Tuominen
- Pruitt Center for Mindfulness and Well-Being, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI USA
| | - Mimi Rappley Larson
- Human Behavior, Justice and Diversity Department, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI USA
| | | | - Gloria Eslinger
- Visual Arts Department, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI USA
| | | | - Shevaun L. Stocker
- Human Behavior, Justice and Diversity Department, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, WI USA
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Charest J, Marois A, Bastien CH. Can a tDCS treatment enhance subjective and objective sleep among student-athletes? JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:378-389. [PMID: 31724914 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1679152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that student-athletes suffer from sleep difficulties. This study explored the impact of tDCS on sleep parameters among student-athletes. METHOD Thirty student-athletes (15 females, 15 males, age 21.1 ± 2.1 years) were recruited. All participants underwent a series of questions to rule out depressive and anxiety disorders or any specific tDCS exclusion criteria. All participants were advised to maintain their usual sleep schedule. RESULTS Compared polysomnographic and Psychomotor Vigilance Task data analyses did not show any improvement after experimental tDCS. Regardless of groups, PVT mean reaction time was decreased. Regarding the questionnaires, data analyses showed improvement on the PSQI (p < .001), ISI (p < .001) and ASSQ (p < .007) scores after tDCS. DISCUSSION tDCS appears to increase total sleep time and should be further explored. Improvements in subjective sleep suggest that tDCS bears interesting possibilities into the enhancement of sleep among student-athletes.
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Marshall TA, Zheng R, Anderson CL, Handoo N, Qian F. Is food insecurity a barrier to dental student success? J Dent Educ 2021; 85:1518-1524. [PMID: 33905532 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of food insecurity among undergraduate students is higher than the national average and associated with adverse academic outcomes. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of food insecurity, food access behaviors, and associations between food security status and well-being in a dental student population. METHODS All dental students (N = 328) enrolled in the College of Dentistry at the University of Iowa in the fall 2019 semester were invited to participate. The survey was designed to query demographic variables, food security status (i.e., the United States Department of Agriculture's 10-item Adult Food Security Module), and food- or hunger-related well-being (i.e., sleep, academic performance, and stress). The survey was administered using the Qualtrics survey platform. Following the initial invitation, students were sent two reminders and allowed 3 weeks for completion. RESULTS The survey response rate was 24.7%. Forty-seven percent of respondents were food insecure. Food insecure students were more likely to attend collegiate programming (e.g., lunch and learns) for the primary purpose of obtaining free food than their food secure peers (p <0.001). In addition, food insecure students were more likely to report experiencing food- or hunger-related sleep (p = 0.001), study or academic performance (p <0.001), or stress difficulties than their food secure peers (p <0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of food insecurity in dental students was relatively high and associated with adverse food- and/or hunger-related well-being outcomes. Food insecurity might be a barrier to dental student success, compromising their immediate health and ability to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rong Zheng
- Dental Student at the time of Study Completion, Private Practice
| | - Cari L Anderson
- Dental Counseling and Wellness Support Services, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nidhi Handoo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fang Qian
- Dows Institute, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Estevan I, Sardi R, Tejera AC, Silva A, Tassino B. Should I study or should I go (to sleep)? The influence of test schedule on the sleep behavior of undergraduates and its association with performance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247104. [PMID: 33690625 PMCID: PMC7946303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is crucial for college students' well-being. Although recommended sleep duration is between 7-9 hours per day, many students do not sleep that much. Scholar demands are among the causes of observed sleep deprivation in youth. We explored the influence of having a school test on previous night sleep in first-year students and the association of sleep duration and test performance. We ran two surveys in freshman students of the Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay: 1) 97 students of the School of Sciences who took the test at the same time; and 2) 252 School of Psychology students who took the test in four successive shifts. More than 1/2 of the participants (survey #1) and almost 1/3 (survey #2) reported short regular sleep duration (< 7h). In both samples, the sleep duration of the night before the test was reduced with respect to regular nights (survey #1: 2.1 ± 0.2 h, p < 0.001; survey #2: between 1.7 ± 0.4 h and 3.6 ± 0.3 h, all p < 0.001), with more than 10% of the students who did not sleep at all. In survey 2, sleep duration increased in later shifts (F (3,248) = 4.6, p = 0.004). Using logit regressions, we confirmed that sleep duration was positively related to test scores in both samples (survey #1: exp B = 1.15, p < 0.001; pseudo-R2 = 0.38; survey #2: exp B = 1.03, p < 0.001; pseudo-R2 = 0.25). Delaying test start time may prevent the reduction in sleep duration, which may also improve school performance. In addition, educational policies should include information for students about the impact of sleep on learning and of the consequences of reduced sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Estevan
- Programa de Neuropsicología y Neurobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail:
| | - Romina Sardi
- Programa de Neuropsicología y Neurobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Clara Tejera
- Programa de Neuropsicología y Neurobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Silva
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bettina Tassino
- Sección Etología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Alhurishi SA, Aljuraiban GS, Alshaikh FA, Almutairi MM, Almutairi KM. Predictors of students' academic achievements in allied health professions at King Saud University: a retrospective cohort study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:93. [PMID: 33549069 PMCID: PMC7866871 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The admissions criteria for colleges of medicine and allied health professions include several cognitive predictors. Little is known of the admissions criteria for the allied health professions and their correlation with students' academic performance. This study investigates predictors for students' academic achievements at allied health colleges at King Saud University. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS College of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Nursing, and Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 1634 students. METHOD The high school grade average (HSGA), aptitude test (APT) score, achievement test (ACT) score, and current grade point average (GPA) were retrieved. The data were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. RESULTS HSGA, ACT, and APT were significantly positively associated with students' academic performance in colleges for all allied health professions. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the most predictive variable for all allied healthcare professions was HSGA (β = 0.347), followed by ACT (β = 0.270) and APT (β = 0.053) scores. The regression model indicated that the HSGA, APT, and ACT together predicted 26.5% of the variation in students' cumulative GPAs at the time of graduation. CONCLUSION The admissions criteria for the allied health colleges at King Saud University predicted only 26.5% of the students' cumulative GPA at the time of graduation. Other noncognitive admission criteria should be taken into consideration to improve the prediction of students' academic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana A Alhurishi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahdah A Alshaikh
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M Almutairi
- Department of Statistics and information, Vice Rectorate for Planning and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Almutairi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Du C, Zan MCH, Cho MJ, Fenton JI, Hsiao PY, Hsiao R, Keaver L, Lai CC, Lee H, Ludy MJ, Shen W, Swee WCS, Thrivikraman J, Tseng KW, Tseng WC, Doak S, Folk SYL, Tucker RM. The Effects of Sleep Quality and Resilience on Perceived Stress, Dietary Behaviors, and Alcohol Misuse: A Mediation-Moderation Analysis of Higher Education Students from Asia, Europe, and North America during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 13:442. [PMID: 33572863 PMCID: PMC7911351 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the already high levels of stress that higher education students experience. Stress influences health behaviors, including those related to dietary behaviors, alcohol, and sleep; yet the effects of stress can be mitigated by resilience. To date, past research studying the connections between dietary behaviors, alcohol misuse, sleep, and resilience commonly investigated singular relationships between two of the constructs. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationships between these constructs in a more holistic manner using mediation and moderation analyses. METHODS Higher education students from China, Ireland, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and the United States were enrolled in a cross-sectional study from April to May 2020, which was during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic for most participants. An online survey, using validated tools, was distributed to assess perceived stress, dietary behaviors, alcohol misuse, sleep quality and duration, and resilience. RESULTS 2254 students completed the study. Results indicated that sleep quality mediated the relationship between perceived stress and dietary behaviors as well as the relationship between perceived stress and alcohol misuse. Further, increased resilience reduced the strength of the relationship between perceived stress and dietary behaviors but not alcohol misuse. CONCLUSION Based on these results, higher education students are likely to benefit from sleep education and resilience training, especially during stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (S.Y.L.F.)
| | - Megan Chong Hueh Zan
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Min Jung Cho
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (S.Y.L.F.)
| | - Pao Ying Hsiao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Richard Hsiao
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Laura Keaver
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (L.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - HeeSoon Lee
- Department of Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Wan Shen
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Winnie Chee Siew Swee
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Jyothi Thrivikraman
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Stephen Doak
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (L.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Sara Yi Ling Folk
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (S.Y.L.F.)
| | - Robin M. Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (S.Y.L.F.)
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Du C, Zan MCH, Cho MJ, Fenton JI, Hsiao PY, Hsiao R, Keaver L, Lai CC, Lee H, Ludy MJ, Shen W, Swee WCS, Thrivikraman J, Tseng KW, Tseng WC, Almotwa J, Feldpausch CE, Folk SYL, Gadd S, Wang L, Wang W, Zhang X, Tucker RM. Health Behaviors of Higher Education Students from 7 Countries: Poorer Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic Predicts Higher Dietary Risk. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:12-30. [PMID: 33467418 PMCID: PMC7838912 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Health behaviors of higher education students can be negatively influenced by stressful events. The global COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to characterize and compare health behaviors across multiple countries and to examine how these behaviors are shaped by the pandemic experience. Undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in universities in China, Ireland, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, the Netherlands and the United States (USA) were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Eligible students filled out an online survey comprised of validated tools for assessing sleep quality and duration, dietary risk, alcohol misuse and physical activity between late April and the end of May 2020. Health behaviors were fairly consistent across countries, and all countries reported poor sleep quality. However, during the survey period, the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the health behaviors of students in European countries and the USA more negatively than Asian countries, which could be attributed to the differences in pandemic time course and caseloads. Students who experienced a decline in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic had higher dietary risk scores than students who did not experience a change in sleep quality (p = 0.001). Improved sleep quality was associated with less sitting time (p = 0.010). Addressing sleep issues among higher education students is a pressing concern, especially during stressful events. These results support the importance of making education and behavior-based sleep programming available for higher education students in order to benefit students' overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Megan Chong Hueh Zan
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Min Jung Cho
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Pao Ying Hsiao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Richard Hsiao
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Laura Keaver
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - HeeSoon Lee
- Department of Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Public & Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Wan Shen
- Department of Public & Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Winnie Chee Siew Swee
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Jyothi Thrivikraman
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Juman Almotwa
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Clare E. Feldpausch
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Sara Yi Ling Folk
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Suzannah Gadd
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Linyutong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Robin M. Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (J.A.); (C.E.F.); (S.Y.L.F.); (S.G.); (L.W.); (W.W.); (X.Z.)
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Markers of poor sleep quality increase sedentary behavior in college students as derived from accelerometry. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:537-544. [PMID: 32948936 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep is essential for overall health and can impact academic performance. Prior research reports reduced sleep time in college students. Poor sleep may impact physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, or vice versa, but has not been examined extensively in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine markers of sleep quality, PA, and sedentary behavior in college students using objective means. METHODS A convenience sample of college students underwent body composition analysis and 7-day objective PA and sleep assessment via accelerometry. RESULTS Among 81 college students (53 women), there was no association between total sleep time (TST) and weekly average PA. TST was negatively associated with sedentary minutes per day, sedentary bouts per day, and total time in sedentary bouts per day. Greater sedentary bouts per day and average sedentary minutes per day were seen in those with a TST < 6 h, with no difference in body composition. Further, TST was negatively associated with sedentary minutes accumulated on the subsequent day, for all 7 days. CONCLUSION In a primarily residential college student cohort, poor sleep is associated with sedentary behavior more than PA. These students, who require a high amount of transport PA to and from campus during the week, are compensating by sleeping more and moving less on the weekend.
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Gloger EM, Suhr JA. Correlates of Poor Sleep and Subsequent Risk of Misdiagnosis in College Students Presenting with Cognitive Complaints. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:692-670. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To examine the relationships of poor sleep to both subjective and objective cognitive functioning, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms, and mental health variables in college students, controlling for noncredible symptom reporting and noncredible performance.
Methods
99 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.9, SD = 1.1), 60% female and 72% first-year students, completed a neuropsychological battery and self-report questionnaires at a single lab visit. 56% of the sample identified as “poor sleepers” (>5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]).
Results
Poor sleepers reported worse current (college grade point average [GPA]) but not past (high school GPA, American college test [ACT] score) academic performance. Additionally, they reported more mental health concerns, including depression and stress, but not anxiety. Poor sleepers reported more functional impairment and subjective cognitive concerns, including more Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, more SCT symptoms, and more executive dysfunction, even when controlling for depressive symptoms. However, poor sleepers did not differ from good sleepers on measures of objective cognition.
Conclusions
ADHD and SCT symptoms and concerns in college students may be related to poor sleep, which can lead to misdiagnosis for individuals presenting with ADHD-like complaints for the first time in college. Sleep difficulties may be modifiable with empirically supported sleep interventions; thus, in assessment for either of these presentations, a careful sleep history should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Gloger
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 22 Richland Ave, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Julie A Suhr
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 22 Richland Ave, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
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Effects of sleep extension on sleep duration, sleepiness, and blood pressure in college students. Sleep Health 2020; 6:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Amez S, Vujić S, Soffers P, Baert S. Yawning while scrolling? Examining gender differences in the association between smartphone use and sleep quality. J Sleep Res 2020; 29:e12971. [PMID: 31919946 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The negative consequences of deteriorated sleep have been widely acknowledged. Therefore, research on the determinants of poor sleep is crucial. A factor potentially contributing to poor sleep is the use of a smartphone. This study aims to measure the association between overall daily smartphone use and both sleep quality and sleep duration. To this end, we exploit data on 1,889 first-year university students. Compared with previous research we control for a large set of observed confounding factors. Higher overall smartphone use is associated with lower odds of experiencing a good sleep. In addition, we explore heterogeneous differences by socioeconomic factors not yet investigated. We find that the negative association between smartphone use and sleep quality is mainly driven by female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunčica Vujić
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Stijn Baert
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Research Foundation - Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.,Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,IZA, Bonn, Germany.,GLO, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,IMISCOE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Prichard JR. Sleep Predicts Collegiate Academic Performance: Implications for Equity in Student Retention and Success. Sleep Med Clin 2019; 15:59-69. [PMID: 32005350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
College students show high levels of insufficient sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep schedule irregularity, poor sleep quality, and inadequate sleep hygiene. This article describes the evidence linking poor sleep with impaired academic performance; discusses mediating environmental, behavioral, and demographic factors that correlate with sleep; and highlights examples of successful health promotion initiatives on college campuses. Given that students who are traditionally minoritized on college campuses tend to have worse sleep, improving sleep health emerges as an important issue for retention, equity, and inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roxanne Prichard
- University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Avenue, JRC LL56, St Paul, MN 55105, USA.
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Vedaa Ø, Erevik EK, Hysing M, Hayley AC, Sivertsen B. Insomnia, sleep duration and academic performance: a national survey of Norwegian college and university students. Sleep Med X 2019; 1:100005. [PMID: 33870164 PMCID: PMC8041108 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2019.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between insomnia, sleep duration and self-reported academic performance/failure in a large sample of Norwegian college and university students. Methods This cross-sectional survey comprised 50,054 full-time students (69% women) aged 18-35 years (mean age 23.2, standard deviation (SD) = 3.3), with a response rate of 31%. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the independent variables, an approximation of the insomnia disorder and sleep duration, and the dependent variables, failed examinations and delayed study progress. Results The results showed that insomnia was associated with a higher risk of failed examinations (adjusted for background variables, odds ratio (ORadjusted) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-1.37, p < 0.001) and delayed study progress (ORadjusted = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22-1.42, p < 0.001). A curvilinear relationship between sleep duration and risk of academic failure was demonstrated, where both sleeping less than 5 h, and 10 h or more, were associated with higher odds of failed study examinations, compared to with sleeping 7-9 h (ORadjusted = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.33-1.63, p < 0.001 and ORadjusted = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.33-1.75, p < 0.001, respectively). Insomnia and deviations from an optimal sleep duration may have notable consequences for academic success in higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eilin K Erevik
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Amie C Hayley
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep (IBAS), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
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38
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Kroshus E, Wagner J, Wyrick D, Athey A, Bell L, Benjamin HJ, Grandner MA, Kline CE, Mohler JM, Roxanne Prichard J, Watson NF, Hainline B. Wake up call for collegiate athlete sleep: narrative review and consensus recommendations from the NCAA Interassociation Task Force on Sleep and Wellness. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:731-736. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is an important determinant of collegiate athlete health, well-being and performance. However, collegiate athlete social and physical environments are often not conducive to obtaining restorative sleep. Traditionally, sleep has not been a primary focus of collegiate athletic training and is neglected due to competing academic, athletic and social demands. Collegiate athletics departments are well positioned to facilitate better sleep culture for their athletes. Recognising the lack of evidence-based or consensus-based guidelines for sleep management and restorative sleep for collegiate athletes, the National Collegiate Athletic Association hosted a sleep summit in 2017. Members of the Interassociation Task Force on Sleep and Wellness reviewed current data related to collegiate athlete sleep and aimed to develop consensus recommendations on sleep management and restorative sleep using the Delphi method. In this paper, we provide a narrative review of four topics central to collegiate athlete sleep: (1) sleep patterns and disorders among collegiate athletes; (2) sleep and optimal functioning among athletes; (3) screening, tracking and assessment of athlete sleep; and (4) interventions to improve sleep. We also present five consensus recommendations for colleges to improve their athletes’ sleep.
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Herrera-Alcántara O, Barrera-Animas AY, González-Mendoza M, Castro-Espinoza F. Monitoring Student Activities with Smartwatches: On the Academic Performance Enhancement. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19071605. [PMID: 30987130 PMCID: PMC6479892 DOI: 10.3390/s19071605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the importance of studying the relationship between habits of students and their academic performance, daily activities of undergraduate participants have been tracked with smartwatches and smartphones. Smartwatches collect data together with an Android application that interacts with the users who provide the labeling of their own activities. The tracked activities include eating, running, sleeping, classroom-session, exam, job, homework, transportation, watching TV-Series, and reading. The collected data were stored in a server for activity recognition with supervised machine learning algorithms. The methodology for the concept proof includes the extraction of features with the discrete wavelet transform from gyroscope and accelerometer signals to improve the classification accuracy. The results of activity recognition with Random Forest were satisfactory (86.9%) and support the relationship between smartwatch sensor signals and daily-living activities of students which opens the possibility for developing future experiments with automatic activity-labeling, and so forth to facilitate activity pattern recognition to propose a recommendation system to enhance the academic performance of each student.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Herrera-Alcántara
- Departamento de Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Azcapotzalco 02200, Mexico.
- Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de México, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Atizapán 54500, Mexico.
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Atizapán 52926, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Félix Castro-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías de Información y Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico.
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Follow-up to Hartmann & Prichard: Should universities invest in promoting healthy sleep? A question of academic and economic significance. Sleep Health 2019; 5:320-325. [PMID: 30928496 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We use regression results from Hartmann & Prichard (2018) in conjunction with other publicly available data to estimate the economic benefits from early identification and treatment of sleep problems on raising the likelihood of students' college graduation and future earnings. RESULTS The benefits of improved graduation rates and future earnings exceed the cost of being screened, educated, and treated for sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS Based on the demand for information about healthy sleep by students and the established link between sleep problems and academic success, universities should consider instituting sleep health programs to identify and support students with sleep disturbances early in their academic careers.
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41
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Okano K, Kaczmarzyk JR, Dave N, Gabrieli JDE, Grossman JC. Sleep quality, duration, and consistency are associated with better academic performance in college students. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2019; 4:16. [PMID: 31583118 PMCID: PMC6773696 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-019-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous survey studies have reported connections between sleep and cognitive function, there remains a lack of quantitative data using objective measures to directly assess the association between sleep and academic performance. In this study, wearable activity trackers were distributed to 100 students in an introductory college chemistry class (88 of whom completed the study), allowing for multiple sleep measures to be correlated with in-class performance on quizzes and midterm examinations. Overall, better quality, longer duration, and greater consistency of sleep correlated with better grades. However, there was no relation between sleep measures on the single night before a test and test performance; instead, sleep duration and quality for the month and the week before a test correlated with better grades. Sleep measures accounted for nearly 25% of the variance in academic performance. These findings provide quantitative, objective evidence that better quality, longer duration, and greater consistency of sleep are strongly associated with better academic performance in college. Gender differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Okano
- MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Jakub R. Kaczmarzyk
- MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Neha Dave
- Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163 USA
| | - John D. E. Gabrieli
- MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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42
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Gao C, Terlizzese T, Scullin MK. Short sleep and late bedtimes are detrimental to educational learning and knowledge transfer: An investigation of individual differences in susceptibility. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:307-318. [PMID: 30409040 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1539401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Good sleep hygiene practices, including consistent bedtimes and 7-9 h of sleep/night, are theorized to benefit educational learning. However, individuals differ in how much sleep they need, as well as in their chronotype preference. Therefore, some students may be more vulnerable to the cognitive effects of sleep loss, later bedtimes and nonpreferred times of learning than others. One prominent example is the debate regarding whether sleep loss and later bedtimes affect classroom learning more in female or male students. To inform this gender-and-sleep-loss debate, we developed a virtual college-level lecture to use in a controlled, laboratory setting. During Session 1, 78 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to take the lecture at 12:00 (noon condition) or 19:30 (evening condition). Then participants wore wristband actigraphy for 1 week to monitor average and intraindividual variability in sleep duration, bedtime and midpoint of sleep. During Session 2, participants completed a test at the same time of day as Session 1. The test included basic questions that were similar to trained concepts during the lecture (trained items) as well as integration questions that required application of learned concepts (knowledge-transfer items). Bayesian analyses supported the null hypothesis that time of learning did not affect test performance. Collapsed across time of testing, regression analyses showed that shorter sleep durations and later bedtimes explained 13% of the variance in test performance. Longer sleep durations and earlier bedtimes predicted better test performance primarily in females, younger students and morning-types. Interestingly, students with above-median fluid intelligence scores were resilient to short sleep and late bedtimes. Our findings indicate that both sleep and circadian factors should be addressed to optimize educational learning, particularly in the students who are most susceptible to sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Gao
- a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , Baylor University , Waco , USA
| | - Taylor Terlizzese
- a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , Baylor University , Waco , USA
| | - Michael K Scullin
- a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , Baylor University , Waco , USA
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