1
|
Dean AD, Childs DZ, Corripio‐Miyar Y, Evans M, Hayward A, Kenyon F, McNally L, McNeilly TN, Pakeman RJ, Sweeny AR, Nussey DH, Pedersen AB, Fenton A. Host resources and parasite traits interact to determine the optimal combination of host parasite-mitigation strategies. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11310. [PMID: 38903143 PMCID: PMC11187858 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms have evolved diverse strategies to manage parasite infections. Broadly, hosts may avoid infection by altering behaviour, resist infection by targeting parasites or tolerate infection by repairing associated damage. The effectiveness of a strategy depends on interactions between, for example, resource availability, parasite traits (virulence, life-history) and the host itself (nutritional status, immunopathology). To understand how these factors shape host parasite-mitigation strategies, we developed a mathematical model of within-host, parasite-immune dynamics in the context of helminth infections. The model incorporated host nutrition and resource allocation to different mechanisms of immune response: larval parasite prevention; adult parasite clearance; damage repair (tolerance). We also considered a non-immune strategy: avoidance via anorexia, reducing intake of infective stages. Resources not allocated to immune processes promoted host condition, whereas harm due to parasites and immunopathology diminished it. Maximising condition (a proxy for fitness), we determined optimal host investment for each parasite-mitigation strategy, singly and combined, across different environmental resource levels and parasite trait values. Which strategy was optimal varied with scenario. Tolerance generally performed well, especially with high resources. Success of the different resistance strategies (larval prevention or adult clearance) tracked relative virulence of larval and adult parasites: slowly maturing, highly damaging larvae favoured prevention; rapidly maturing, less harmful larvae favoured clearance. Anorexia was viable only in the short term, due to reduced host nutrition. Combined strategies always outperformed any lone strategy: these were dominated by tolerance, with some investment in resistance. Choice of parasite mitigation strategy has profound consequences for hosts, impacting their condition, survival and reproductive success. We show that the efficacy of different strategies is highly dependent on timescale, parasite traits and resource availability. Models that integrate such factors can inform the collection and interpretation of empirical data, to understand how those drivers interact to shape host immune responses in natural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Dean
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | | | - Mike Evans
- Department for Disease ControlMoredun Research InstitutePenicuikUK
- The University of Edinburgh Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesRoslinUK
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Adam Hayward
- Department for Disease ControlMoredun Research InstitutePenicuikUK
| | - Fiona Kenyon
- Department for Disease ControlMoredun Research InstitutePenicuikUK
| | - Luke McNally
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tom N. McNeilly
- Department for Disease ControlMoredun Research InstitutePenicuikUK
| | | | - Amy R. Sweeny
- School of BiosciencesThe University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Daniel H. Nussey
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Amy B. Pedersen
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Andy Fenton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Conrad NL, Zorzi VSG, Pinheiro NB, Borchard JL, de Moura MQ, Leite FPL. Dynamics of ex vivo cytokine transcription during experimental Toxocara canis infection in Balb/c mice. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2024; 33:e014223. [PMID: 38511816 PMCID: PMC10954251 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612024017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The cytokine microenvironment is crucial in generating and polarizing the immune response. A means of monitoring this environment would be of great value for better understanding Toxocara canis immune modulation. The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of cytokine transcription ex vivo, during early (24-48 hours) and late (15-30 days) times post-infection, in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and intestinal mucosa of Balb/c mice experimentally infected with T. canis larvae. Mice in the treated group were infected with 100 third-stage larvae (L3), whereas mice in the control group were not infected. Analyses were performed at different times: 24-48 hours post-infection (HPI), 15-30 days post-infection (DPI). IL4, IL10, IL12 and Ym1 mRNA transcriptions were analyzed through qPCR. This study showed cytokine transcription mediated by migrating larvae in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen at 24-48 HPI, whereas cytokine transcription in the intestinal mucosa was observed only at late times (15-30 DPI). These results suggest that the T. canis larvae migration during infection might play a role in cytokine dynamics. Since the cytokine microenvironment is crucial in modulating immune response, knowledge of cytokine dynamics during T. canis infections pave the way to better understand its interaction with the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neida Lucia Conrad
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves Zorzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Natália Berne Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Lopes Borchard
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Micaele Quintana de Moura
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palkumbura PGAS, Mahakapuge TAN, Wijesundera RRMKK, Wijewardana V, Kangethe RT, Rajapakse RPVJ. Mucosal Immunity of Major Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Small Ruminants Can Be Harnessed to Develop New Prevention Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1409. [PMID: 38338687 PMCID: PMC10855138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitic nematode (GIN) infections are the cause of severe losses to farmers in countries where small ruminants such as sheep and goat are the mainstay of livestock holdings. There is a need to develop effective and easy-to-administer anti-parasite vaccines in areas where anthelmintic resistance is rapidly rising due to the inefficient use of drugs currently available. In this review, we describe the most prevalent and economically significant group of GIN infections that infect small ruminants and the immune responses that occur in the host during infection with an emphasis on mucosal immunity. Furthermore, we outline the different prevention strategies that exist with a focus on whole and purified native parasite antigens as vaccine candidates and their possible oral-nasal administration as a part of an integrated parasite control toolbox in areas where drug resistance is on the rise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Ashani S. Palkumbura
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini A. N. Mahakapuge
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - R. R. M. K. Kavindra Wijesundera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Viskam Wijewardana
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Richard Thiga Kangethe
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - R. P. V. Jayanthe Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy 20400, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nevo S, Frenkel N, Kadouri N, Gome T, Rosenthal N, Givony T, Avin A, Peligero Cruz C, Kedmi M, Lindzen M, Ben Dor S, Damari G, Porat Z, Haffner-Krausz R, Keren-Shaul H, Yarden Y, Munitz A, Leshkowitz D, Goldfarb Y, Abramson J. Tuft cells and fibroblasts promote thymus regeneration through ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eabq6930. [PMID: 38215193 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that is essential for the establishment of adaptive immunity through generation of immunocompetent T cells. In response to various stress signals, the thymus undergoes acute but reversible involution. However, the mechanisms governing its recovery are incompletely understood. Here, we used a dexamethasone-induced acute thymic involution mouse model to investigate how thymic hematopoietic cells (excluding T cells) contribute to thymic regeneration. scRNA-seq analysis revealed marked transcriptional and cellular changes in various thymic populations and highlighted thymus-resident innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) as a key cell type involved in the response to damage. We identified that ILC2 are activated by the alarmins IL-25 and IL-33 produced in response to tissue damage by thymic tuft cells and fibroblasts, respectively. Moreover, using mouse models deficient in either tuft cells and/or IL-33, we found that these alarmins are required for effective thymus regeneration after dexamethasone-induced damage. We also demonstrate that upon their damage-dependent activation, thymic ILC2 produce several effector molecules linked to tissue regeneration, such as amphiregulin and IL-13, which in turn promote thymic epithelial cell differentiation. Collectively, our study elucidates a previously undescribed role for thymic tuft cells and fibroblasts in thymus regeneration through activation of the type 2 immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Frenkel
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Rosenthal
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Avin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cristina Peligero Cruz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Genomics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Golda Damari
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Genomics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ray JL, Postma B, Kendall RL, Ngo MD, Foo CX, Saunders B, Ronacher K, Gowdy KM, Holian A. Estrogen contributes to sex differences in M2a macrophages during multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced respiratory inflammation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23350. [PMID: 38071600 PMCID: PMC10752389 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301571rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases characterized by type 2 inflammation are reported to occur with a female bias in prevalence/severity in both humans and mice. This includes previous work examining multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-induced eosinophilic inflammation, in which a more exaggerated M2a phenotype was observed in female alveolar macrophages (AMs) compared to males. The mechanisms responsible for this sex difference in AM phenotype are still unclear, but estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is a likely contributor. Accordingly, male AMs downregulated ERα expression after MWCNT exposure while female AMs did not. Thus, ER antagonist Fulvestrant was administered prior to MWCNT instillation. In females, Fulvestrant significantly attenuated MWCNT-induced M2a gene expression and eosinophilia without affecting IL-33. In males, Fulvestrant did not affect eosinophil recruitment but reduced IL-33 and M2a genes compared to controls. Regulation of cholesterol efflux and oxysterol synthesis is a potential mechanism through which estrogen promotes the M2a phenotype. Levels of oxysterols 25-OHC and 7α,25-OHC were higher in the airways of MWCNT-exposed males compared to MWCNT-females, which corresponds with the lower IL-1β production and greater macrophage recruitment previously observed in males. Sex-based changes in cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 were also observed after MWCNT exposure with or without Fulvestrant. In vitro culture with estrogen decreased cellular cholesterol and increased the M2a response in female AMs, but did not affect cholesterol content in male AMs and reduced M2a polarization. These results reveal the modulation of (oxy)sterols as a potential mechanism through which estrogen signaling may regulate AM phenotype resulting in sex differences in downstream respiratory inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Ray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Britten Postma
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Kendall
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Minh Dao Ngo
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheng Xiang Foo
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett Saunders
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oyesola OO, Hilligan KL, Namasivayam S, Howard N, Clancy CS, Zhao M, Oland SD, Kiwanuka KN, Garza NL, Lafont BAP, Johnson RF, Mayer-Barber KD, Sher A, Loke P. Exposure to lung-migrating helminth protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage-dependent T cell activation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf8161. [PMID: 37566678 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Helminth endemic regions report lower COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here, we show that lung remodeling from a prior infection with a lung-migrating helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, enhances viral clearance and survival of human-ACE2 transgenic mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2). This protection is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate, including increased accumulation of pulmonary SCV2-specific CD8+ T cells, and anti-CD8 antibody depletion abrogated the N. brasiliensis-mediated reduction in viral loads. Pulmonary macrophages with a type 2 transcriptional and epigenetic signature persist in the lungs of N. brasiliensis-exposed mice after clearance of the parasite and establish a primed environment for increased CD8+ T cell recruitment and activation. Accordingly, depletion of macrophages ablated the augmented viral clearance and accumulation of CD8+ T cells driven by prior N. brasiliensis infection. Together, these findings support the concept that lung-migrating helminths can limit disease severity during SCV2 infection through macrophage-dependent enhancement of antiviral CD8+ T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyebola O Oyesola
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kerry L Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nina Howard
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chad S Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra D Oland
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kasalina N Kiwanuka
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole L Garza
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bernard A P Lafont
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reed F Johnson
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - P'ng Loke
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tuazon JA, Read KA, Sreekumar BK, Roettger JE, Yaeger MJ, Varikuti S, Pokhrel S, Jones DM, Warren RT, Powell MD, Rasheed MN, Duncan EG, Childs LM, Gowdy KM, Oestreich KJ. Eos Promotes TH2 Differentiation by Interacting with and Propagating the Activity of STAT5. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:365-376. [PMID: 37314436 PMCID: PMC10524986 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Ikaros zinc-finger transcription factor Eos has largely been associated with sustaining the immunosuppressive functions of regulatory T cells. Paradoxically, Eos has more recently been implicated in promoting proinflammatory responses in the dysregulated setting of autoimmunity. However, the precise role of Eos in regulating the differentiation and function of effector CD4+ T cell subsets remains unclear. In this study, we find that Eos is a positive regulator of the differentiation of murine CD4+ TH2 cells, an effector population that has been implicated in both immunity against helminthic parasites and the induction of allergic asthma. Using murine in vitro TH2 polarization and an in vivo house dust mite asthma model, we find that EosKO T cells exhibit reduced expression of key TH2 transcription factors, effector cytokines, and cytokine receptors. Mechanistically, we find that the IL-2/STAT5 axis and its downstream TH2 gene targets are one of the most significantly downregulated pathways in Eos-deficient cells. Consistent with these observations, we find that Eos forms, to our knowledge, a novel complex with and supports the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5. Collectively, these data define a regulatory mechanism whereby Eos propagates STAT5 activity to facilitate TH2 cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. Tuazon
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
| | - Kaitlin A. Read
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
| | | | - Jack E. Roettger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
| | - Michael J. Yaeger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Srijana Pokhrel
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Devin M. Jones
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
| | - Robert T. Warren
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Michael D. Powell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322; USA
| | - Mustafa N. Rasheed
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322; USA
| | | | - Lauren M. Childs
- Department of Mathematics; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061; USA
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology; The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Król G, Fortunka K, Majchrzak M, Piktel E, Paprocka P, Mańkowska A, Lesiak A, Karasiński M, Strzelecka A, Durnaś B, Bucki R. Metallic Nanoparticles and Core-Shell Nanosystems in the Treatment, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Parasitic Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:838. [PMID: 37375528 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The usage of nanotechnology in the fight against parasitic diseases is in the early stages of development, but it brings hopes that this new field will provide a solution to target the early stages of parasitosis, compensate for the lack of vaccines for most parasitic diseases, and also provide new treatment options for diseases in which parasites show increased resistance to current drugs. The huge physicochemical diversity of nanomaterials developed so far, mainly for antibacterial and anti-cancer therapies, requires additional studies to determine their antiparasitic potential. When designing metallic nanoparticles (MeNPs) and specific nanosystems, such as complexes of MeNPs, with the shell of attached drugs, several physicochemical properties need to be considered. The most important are: size, shape, surface charge, type of surfactants that control their dispersion, and shell molecules that should assure specific molecular interaction with targeted molecules of parasites' cells. Therefore, it can be expected that the development of antiparasitic drugs using strategies provided by nanotechnology and the use of nanomaterials for diagnostic purposes will soon provide new and effective methods of antiparasitic therapy and effective diagnostic tools that will improve the prevention and reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamila Fortunka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Michał Majchrzak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2B, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Paulina Paprocka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Angelika Mańkowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Agata Lesiak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Maciej Karasiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka
- Department of Public Health , Institute of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stojanovic B, Jovanovic IP, Stojanovic MD, Jovanovic M, Vekic B, Milosevic B, Cvetkovic A, Spasic M, Stojanovic BS. The Emerging Roles of the Adaptive Immune Response in Acute Pancreatitis. Cells 2023; 12:1495. [PMID: 37296616 PMCID: PMC10253175 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an abrupt, variable inflammatory condition of the pancreas, potentially escalating to severe systemic inflammation, rampant pancreatic necrosis, and multi-organ failure. Its complex pathogenesis involves an intricate immune response, with different T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, TFH, Treg, and CD8+ T cells) and B cells playing pivotal roles. Early T cell activation initiates the AP development, triggering cytokines associated with the Th1 response, which stimulate macrophages and neutrophils. Other T cell phenotypes contribute to AP's pathogenesis, and the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines influences its progression. Regulatory T and B cells are crucial for moderating the inflammatory response and promoting immune tolerance. B cells further contribute through antibody production, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion. Understanding these immune cells' roles in AP could aid in developing new immunotherapies to enhance patient outcomes. However, further research is required to define these cells' precise roles in AP and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Ivan P. Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Berislav Vekic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Bojan Milosevic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Marko Spasic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (B.S.)
| | - Bojana S. Stojanovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iqbal S, Rezaul Karim M, Yang DC, Mathiyalagan R, Chan Kang S. Tuft cells - the immunological interface and role in disease regulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110018. [PMID: 36989894 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells, also known as taste chemosensory cells, accumulate during parasite colonization or infection and have powerful immunomodulatory effects on substances that could be detrimental, as well as possible anti-inflammatory or antibacterial effects. Tuft cells are the primary source of interleukin (IL)-25. They trigger extra Innate lymphoid type-2 cells (ILC2) in the intestinal lamina propria to create cytokines (type 2); for instance, IL-13, which leads to an increase in IL-25. As tuft cells can produce biological effector molecules, such as IL-25 and eicosanoids involved in allergy (for example, cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2) and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Following parasite infection, tuft cells require transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5)-dependent chemosensation to produce responses. Secretory tuft cells provide a physical mucus barrier against the external environment and therefore have vital defensive roles against diseases by supporting tissue maintenance and repair. In addition to recent research on tuft cells, more studies are required to understand the distribution, cell turnover, molecular characteristics, responses in various species, involvement in immunological function across tissues, and most importantly, the mechanism involved in the control of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated by Rajshahi University, Natore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh.
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Floyd RJ, Ricart Arbona RJ, Carrasco SE, Lipman NS. Examination of Horizontal Transmission of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in Mice to Assess Biosecurity Risks. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:243-253. [PMID: 37137682 PMCID: PMC10230542 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mice are commonly infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) to study their immune responses. However, biosecurity measures have not been established for housing Nb-infected mice and rats. Transmission reportedly does not occur when infected mice are cohoused with naive mice. To test this, we inoculated female NOD. Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl /Sz(NSG;n = 12) and C57BL/6J (B6;n = 12) mice with 750 Nb L₃ larvae. These mice were then cohoused with naïve NSG ( n = 24) and B6 ( n = 24) mice (1 infected and 2 naïve mice per cage (24 cages) for 28 d in static microisolation cages that were changed every 14 d. We also did several studies to determine the conditions that favor horizontal transmission. First, we assessed in vitro development to the L₃ stage of Nb egg-containing fecal pellets maintained under 4 environmental conditions (dry, moist, soiled bedding, and control). Second, we assessed infection of naïve NSG mice ( n = 9) housed in microisolation cages that contained soiled bedding spiked with infective L₃ larvae (10,000/cage). Third, we gavaged NSG mice ( n = 3) with Nb eggs to model the potential for infection after coprophagy. We found that naïve NSG (9 of 24) and B6 (10 of 24) mice cohoused with an infected cagemate passed Nb eggs in feces as early as 1 d after cohousing and intermittently thereafter for varying periods. This shedding was presumably the result of coprophagy because adult worms were not detected in the shedding mice at euthanasia. Although eggs developed in vitro into L₃ larvae under moist and control environmental conditions, none of the NSG mice housed in cages with L₃ -spiked bedding or gavaged with eggs became infected with Nb. These findings indicate that infectious horizontal transmission does not occur when mice are housed with Nb-shedding cage mates in static microisolation cages with a 14-d cage-changing interval. Results from this study can be used to inform biosecurity practices when working with Nb-infected mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Floyd
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Rodolfo J Ricart Arbona
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Sebastian E Carrasco
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Neil S Lipman
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sbierski-Kind J, Cautivo KM, Wagner JC, Dahlgren MW, Nilsson J, Krasilnikov M, Mroz NM, Lizama CO, Gan AL, Matatia PR, Taruselli MT, Chang AA, Caryotakis S, O'Leary CE, Kotas M, Mattis AN, Peng T, Locksley RM, Molofsky AB. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells constrain type 3/17 lymphocytes in shared stromal niches to restrict liver fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.537913. [PMID: 37163060 PMCID: PMC10168323 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.537913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) cooperate with adaptive Th2 cells as key organizers of tissue type 2 immune responses, while a spectrum of innate and adaptive lymphocytes coordinate early type 3/17 immunity. Both type 2 and type 3/17 lymphocyte associated cytokines are linked to tissue fibrosis, but how their dynamic and spatial topographies may direct beneficial or pathologic organ remodelling is unclear. Here we used volumetric imaging in models of liver fibrosis, finding accumulation of periportal and fibrotic tract IL-5 + lymphocytes, predominantly ILC2s, in close proximity to expanded type 3/17 lymphocytes and IL-33 high niche fibroblasts. Ablation of IL-5 + lymphocytes worsened carbon tetrachloride-and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis with increased niche IL-17A + type 3/17 lymphocytes, predominantly γδ T cells. In contrast, concurrent ablation of IL-5 + and IL-17A + lymphocytes reduced this progressive liver fibrosis, suggesting a cross-regulation of type 2 and type 3 lymphocytes at specialized fibroblast niches that tunes hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Type 2 immunity mediates protective responses to helminths and pathological responses to allergens, but it also has broad roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity, including wound repair. Type 2 cytokines are known to promote fibrosis, an overzealous repair response, but their contribution to healthy wound repair is less well understood. This review discusses the evidence that the canonical type 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are integral to the tissue repair process through two main pathways. First, essential for the progression of effective tissue repair, IL-4 and IL-13 suppress the initial inflammatory response to injury. Second, these cytokines regulate how the extracellular matrix is modified, broken down, and rebuilt for effective repair. IL-4 and/or IL-13 amplifies multiple aspects of the tissue repair response, but many of these pathways are highly redundant and can be induced by other signals. Therefore, the exact contribution of IL-4Rα signaling remains difficult to unravel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation and Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prakash A, Medved J, Arneja A, Niebuhr C, Li AN, Tarrah S, Boscia AR, Burnett ED, Singh A, Salazar JE, Xu W, Santhanakrishnan M, Hendrickson JE, Luckey CJ. Class switching is differentially regulated in RBC alloimmunization and vaccination. Transfusion 2023; 63:826-838. [PMID: 36907655 PMCID: PMC10851675 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of human patients have shown that most anti-RBC alloantibodies are IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses, although it is unclear why transfused RBCs preferentially drive these subclasses over others. Though mouse models allow for the mechanistic exploration of class-switching, previous studies of RBC alloimmunization in mice have focused more on the total IgG response than the relative distribution, abundance, or mechanism of IgG subclass generation. Given this major gap, we compared the IgG subclass distribution generated in response to transfused RBCs relative to protein in alum vaccination, and determined the role of STAT6 in their generation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS WT mice were either immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA or transfused with HOD RBCs and levels of anti-HEL IgG subtypes were measured using end-point dilution ELISAs. To study the role of STAT6 in IgG class-switching, we first generated and validated novel STAT6 KO mice using CRISPR/cas9 gene editing. STAT6 KO mice were then transfused with HOD RBCs or immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA, and IgG subclasses were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS When compared with antibody responses to Alum/HEL-OVA, transfusion of HOD RBCs induced lower levels of IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c but similar levels of IgG3. Class switching to most IgG subtypes remained largely unaffected in STAT6 deficient mice in response to HOD RBC transfusion, with the one exception being IgG2b. In contrast, STAT6 deficient mice showed altered levels of all IgG subtypes following Alum vaccination. DISCUSSION Our results show that anti-RBC class-switching occurs via alternate mechanisms when compared with the well-studied immunogen alum vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Prakash
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jelena Medved
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Abhinav Arneja
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Conrad Niebuhr
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andria N. Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Soraya Tarrah
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexis R. Boscia
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily D. Burnett
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Aanika Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Juan E. Salazar
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Manjula Santhanakrishnan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeanne E. Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chance John Luckey
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Siewiera J, McIntyre TI, Cautivo KM, Mahiddine K, Rideaux D, Molofsky AB, Erlebacher A. Circumvention of luteolysis reveals parturition pathways in mice dependent upon innate type 2 immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:606-619.e7. [PMID: 36750100 PMCID: PMC10023352 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Although mice normally enter labor when their ovaries stop producing progesterone (luteolysis), parturition can also be triggered in this species through uterus-intrinsic pathways potentially analogous to the ones that trigger parturition in humans. Such pathways, however, remain largely undefined in both species. Here, we report that mice deficient in innate type 2 immunity experienced profound parturition delays when manipulated endocrinologically to circumvent luteolysis, thus obliging them to enter labor through uterus-intrinsic pathways. We found that these pathways were in part driven by the alarmin IL-33 produced by uterine interstitial fibroblasts. We also implicated important roles for uterine group 2 innate lymphoid cells, which demonstrated IL-33-dependent activation prior to labor onset, and eosinophils, which displayed evidence of elevated turnover in the prepartum uterus. These findings reveal a role for innate type 2 immunity in controlling the timing of labor onset through a cascade potentially relevant to human parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Siewiera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tara I McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Karim Mahiddine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Damon Rideaux
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adrian Erlebacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abou-El-Naga IF, Mogahed NMFH. Potential roles of Toxocara canis larval excretory secretory molecules in immunomodulation and immune evasion. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106784. [PMID: 36502886 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxocara canis larvae invade various tissues of different vertebrate species without developing into adults in paratenic host. The long-term survival of the larvae despite exposure to the well-armed immune response is a notable achievement. The larvae modulate the immune response to help the survival of both the host and the larvae. They skew the immune response to type 2/regulatory phenotype. The outstanding ability of the larvae to modulate the host immune response and to evade the immune arms is attributed to the secretion of Toxocara excretory-secretory products (TESPs). TESPs are complex mixture of differing molecules. The present review deals with the molecular composition of the TESPs, their interaction with the host molecules, their effect on the innate immune response, the receptor recognition, the downstream signals the adaptive immunity and the repair of tissues. This review also addresses the role of TESPs molecules in the immune evasion strategy and the potential effect of the induced immunomodulation in some diseases. Identification of parasite components that influence the nematode-host interactions could enhance understanding the molecular basis of nematode pathogenicity. Furthermore, the identification of helminths molecules with immunomodulatory potential could be used in immunotherapies for some diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman F Abou-El-Naga
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 12 Abdel Hamid El Deeb Street, Tharwat, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nermine M F H Mogahed
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 12 Abdel Hamid El Deeb Street, Tharwat, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nematode-Induced Growth Factors Related to Angiogenesis in Autoimmune Disease Attenuation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020321. [PMID: 36836678 PMCID: PMC9959133 DOI: 10.3390/life13020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest an important role of growth factors in autoimmune diseases and parasitic nematode infections. Nematodes are used in clinical studies of autoimmune diseases and parasite-derived molecules are widely studied for their therapeutic potential in various types of disorders. However, the effect of nematode infection on growth factors in autoimmune disorders has not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of infection with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in murine autoimmune models on the production of growth factors. Here, the level of a variety of growth factors related mainly to angiogenesis was evaluated by protein array in the intestinal mucosa of C57BL/6 dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice and in cerebral spinal fluid of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice infected with nematodes. In addition, vessel formation was evaluated in the brains of EAE mice infected with H. polygyrus. A significant influence of nematode infection on the level of angiogenic factors was observed. Parasitic infection of colitic mice resulted in upregulation of mucosal AREG, EGF, FGF-2, and IGFBP-3 in the intestine of the host and better adaptation (infectivity). In EAE mice, infection increased the level of FGF-2 and FGF-7 in CSF. In addition, remodeling of brain vessels was observed, with a higher density of long vessels. Nematode-derived factors are promising tools to fight autoimmune diseases and to study angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Prakash A, Medved J, Arneja A, Niebuhr C, Li AN, Tarrah S, Boscia AR, Burnett ED, Singh A, Salazar JE, Xu W, Santhanakrishnan M, Hendrickson JE, Luckey CJ. Class switching is differentially regulated in RBC alloimmunization and vaccination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523608. [PMID: 36712006 PMCID: PMC9882062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies of human patients have shown that most anti-RBC alloantibodies are IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses, though it is unclear why transfused RBCs preferentially drive these subclasses over others. Though mouse models allow for the mechanistic exploration of class-switching, previous studies of RBC alloimmunization in mice have focused more on the total IgG response than the relative distribution, abundance, or mechanism of IgG subclass generation. Given this major gap, we compared the IgG subclass distribution generated in response to transfused RBCs relative to protein in alum vaccination, and determined the role of STAT6 in their generation. Study Design and Methods WT mice were either immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA or transfused with HOD RBCs and levels of anti-HEL IgG subtypes were measured using end-point dilution ELISAs. To study the role of STAT6 in IgG class-switching, we first generated and validated novel STAT6 KO mice using CRISPR/cas9 gene editing. STAT6 KO mice were then transfused with HOD RBCs or immunized with Alum/HEL-OVA, and IgG subclasses were quantified by ELISA. Results When compared to antibody responses to Alum/HEL-OVA, transfusion of HOD RBCs induced lower levels of IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2c but similar levels of IgG3. Class switching to most IgG subtypes remained largely unaffected in STAT6 deficient mice in response to HOD RBC transfusion, with the one exception being IgG2b. In contrast, STAT6 deficient mice showed altered levels of all IgG subtypes following Alum vaccination. Discussion Our results show that anti-RBC class-switching occurs via alternate mechanisms when compared to the well-studied immunogen alum vaccination.
Collapse
|
19
|
microRNAs: Critical Players during Helminth Infections. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010061. [PMID: 36677353 PMCID: PMC9861972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally through their interaction with the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of target mRNAs, affecting their stability and/or translation. Therefore, miRNAs regulate biological processes such as signal transduction, cell death, autophagy, metabolism, development, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. Dysregulated expression of microRNAs is associated with infectious diseases, where miRNAs modulate important aspects of the parasite-host interaction. Helminths are parasitic worms that cause various neglected tropical diseases affecting millions worldwide. These parasites have sophisticated mechanisms that give them a surprising immunomodulatory capacity favoring parasite persistence and establishment of infection. In this review, we analyze miRNAs in infections caused by helminths, emphasizing their role in immune regulation and its implication in diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
20
|
ILCs-Crucial Players in Enteric Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214200. [PMID: 36430676 PMCID: PMC9695539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research of the last decade has remarkably increased our understanding of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs, in analogy to T helper (Th) cells and their cytokine and transcription factor profile, are categorized into three distinct populations: ILC1s express the transcription factor T-bet and secrete IFNγ, ILC2s depend on the expression of GATA-3 and release IL-5 and IL-13, and ILC3s express RORγt and secrete IL-17 and IL-22. Noteworthy, ILCs maintain a level of plasticity, depending on exposed cytokines and environmental stimuli. Furthermore, ILCs are tissue resident cells primarily localized at common entry points for pathogens such as the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). They have the unique capacity to initiate rapid responses against pathogens, provoked by changes of the cytokine profile of the respective tissue. Moreover, they regulate tissue inflammation and homeostasis. In case of intracellular pathogens entering the mucosal tissue, ILC1s respond by secreting cytokines (e.g., IFNγ) to limit the pathogen spread. Upon infection with helminths, intestinal epithelial cells produce alarmins (e.g., IL-25) and activate ILC2s to secrete IL-13, which induces differentiation of intestinal stem cells into tuft and goblet cells, important for parasite expulsion. Additionally, during bacterial infection ILC3-derived IL-22 is required for bacterial clearance by regulating antimicrobial gene expression in epithelial cells. Thus, ILCs can limit infectious diseases via secretion of inflammatory mediators and interaction with other cell types. In this review, we will address the role of ILCs during enteric infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hilligan KL, Oyesola OO, Namasivayam S, Howard N, Clancy CS, Oland SD, Garza NL, Lafont BAP, Johnson RF, Mayer-Barber KD, Sher A, Loke P. Helminth exposure protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage dependent T cell activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.11.09.515832. [PMID: 36380767 PMCID: PMC9665339 DOI: 10.1101/2022.11.09.515832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Helminth endemic regions report lower COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here, we show that lung remodeling from a prior infection with a lung migrating helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis , enhances viral clearance and survival of human-ACE2 transgenic mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2). This protection is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate including an increased accumulation of pulmonary SCV2-specific CD8+ T cells and anti-CD8 antibody depletion abrogated the N. brasiliensis -mediated reduction in viral loads. Pulmonary macrophages with a type-2 transcriptional signature persist in the lungs of N. brasiliensis exposed mice after clearance of the parasite and establish a primed environment for increased antigen presentation. Accordingly, depletion of macrophages ablated the augmented viral clearance and accumulation of CD8+ T cells driven by prior N. brasiliensis infection. Together, these findings support the concept that lung migrating helminths can limit disease severity during SCV2 infection through macrophage-dependent enhancement of anti-viral CD8+ T cell responses. Abstract Figure
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Oyebola O. Oyesola
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nina Howard
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chad S. Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Sandra D. Oland
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole L. Garza
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bernard A. P. Lafont
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reed F. Johnson
- SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - P’ng Loke
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shey RA, Ghogomu SM, Nebangwa DN, Shintouo CM, Yaah NE, Yengo BN, Nkemngo FN, Esoh KK, Tchatchoua NMT, Mbachick TT, Dede AF, Lemoge AA, Ngwese RA, Asa BF, Ayong L, Njemini R, Vanhamme L, Souopgui J. Rational design of a novel multi-epitope peptide-based vaccine against Onchocerca volvulus using transmembrane proteins. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1046522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost a decade ago, it was recognized that the global elimination of onchocerciasis by 2030 will not be feasible without, at least, an effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccine to complement chemotherapy and vector control strategies. Recent advances in computational immunology (immunoinformatics) have seen the design of novel multi-epitope onchocerciasis vaccine candidates which are however yet to be evaluated in clinical settings. Still, continued research to increase the pool of vaccine candidates, and therefore the chance of success in a clinical trial remains imperative. Here, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine candidate by assembling peptides from 14 O. volvulus (Ov) proteins using an immunoinformatics approach. An initial 126 Ov proteins, retrieved from the Wormbase database, and at least 90% similar to orthologs in related nematode species of economic importance, were screened for localization, presence of transmembrane domain, and antigenicity using different web servers. From the 14 proteins retained after the screening, 26 MHC-1 and MHC-II (T-cell) epitopes, and linear B-lymphocytes epitopes were predicted and merged using suitable linkers. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resuscitation-promoting factor E (RPFE_MYCTU), which is an agonist of TLR4, was then added to the N-terminal of the vaccine candidate as a built-in adjuvant. Immune simulation analyses predicted strong B-cell and IFN-γ based immune responses which are necessary for protection against O. volvulus infection. Protein-protein docking and molecular dynamic simulation predicted stable interactions between the 3D structure of the vaccine candidate and human TLR4. These results show that the designed vaccine candidate has the potential to stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses and should therefore be subject to further laboratory investigation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Remion E, Gal J, Chaouch S, Rodrigues J, Lhermitte-Vallarino N, Alonso J, Kohl L, Hübner MP, Fercoq F, Martin C. Unbalanced Arginine pathway and altered maturation of pleural macrophages in Th2-deficient mice during Litomosoides sigmodontis filarial infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866373. [PMID: 36353644 PMCID: PMC9637854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filarial parasites are tissue dwelling worms transmitted by hematophagous vectors. Understanding the mechanisms regulating microfilariae (the parasite offspring) development is a prerequisite for controlling transmission in filarial infections. Th2 immune responses are key for building efficient anti-parasite responses but have been shown to also lead to detrimental tissue damage in the presence of microfilariae. Litomosoides sigmodontis, a rodent filaria residing in the pleural cavity was therefore used to characterize pleuropulmonary pathology and associated immune responses in wild-type and Th2 deficient mice. Wild-type and Th2-deficient mice (Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/-) were infected with L. sigmodontis and parasite outcome was analyzed during the patent phase (when microfilariae are in the general circulation). Pleuropulmonary manifestations were investigated and pleural and bronchoalveolar cells were characterized by RNA analysis, imaging and/or flow cytometry focusing on macrophages. Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/- mice were hypermicrofilaremic and showed an enhanced filarial survival but also displayed a drastic reduction of microfilaria-driven pleural cavity pathologies. In parallel, pleural macrophages from Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/- mice lacked expression of prototypical alternative activation markers RELMα and Chil3 and showed an altered balance of some markers of the arginine metabolic pathway. In addition, monocytes-derived F4/80intermediate macrophages from infected Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/- mice failed to mature into resident F4/80high large macrophages. Altogether these data emphasize that the presence of both microfilariae and IL-4R/IL-5 signaling are critical in the development of the pathology and in the phenotype of macrophages. In Il-4rα-/-/Il-5-/- mice, the balance is in favor of parasite development while limiting the pathology associated with the host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Remion
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joséphine Gal
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jules Rodrigues
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathaly Lhermitte-Vallarino
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joy Alonso
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Linda Kohl
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frédéric Fercoq
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Martin
- Unit Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Micro-organisms (MCAM, UMR 7245), Team Parasites and Free Protistes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS; CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Coralie Martin,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jou E, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, McKenzie ANJ. Emerging roles for IL-25 and IL-33 in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981479. [PMID: 36263033 PMCID: PMC9573978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and is largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic interventions. The lack of efficacy of existing cancer immunotherapies in CRC reflects the complex nature of the unique intestinal immune environment, which serves to maintain barrier integrity against pathogens and harmful environmental stimuli while sustaining host-microbe symbiosis during homeostasis. With their expression by barrier epithelial cells, the cytokines interleukin-25 (IL-25) and IL-33 play key roles in intestinal immune responses, and have been associated with inappropriate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases and cancer pathology. Studies in the past decade have begun to uncover the important roles of IL-25 and IL-33 in shaping the CRC tumour immune microenvironment, where they may promote or inhibit tumorigenesis depending on the specific CRC subtype. Notably, both IL-25 and IL-33 have been shown to act on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), but can also stimulate an array of other innate and adaptive immune cell types. Though sometimes their functions can overlap they can also produce distinct phenotypes dependent on the differential distribution of their receptor expression. Furthermore, both IL-25 and IL-33 modulate pathways previously known to contribute to CRC tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, tumour stemness, invasion and metastasis. Here, we review our current understanding of IL-25 and IL-33 in CRC tumorigenesis, with specific focus on dissecting their individual function in the context of distinct subtypes of CRC, and the potential prospects for targeting these pathways in CRC immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Peng J, Federman HG, Hernandez C, Siracusa MC. Communication is key: Innate immune cells regulate host protection to helminths. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995432. [PMID: 36225918 PMCID: PMC9548658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminth infections remain a significant global health issue and are responsible for devastating morbidity and economic hardships. During infection, helminths migrate through different host organs, which results in substantial tissue damage and the release of diverse effector molecules by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Thus, host protective responses to helminths must initiate mechanisms that help to promote worm clearance while simultaneously mitigating tissue injury. The specialized immunity that promotes these responses is termed type 2 inflammation and is initiated by the recruitment and activation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Recent work has also revealed the importance of neuron-derived signals in regulating type 2 inflammation and antihelminth immunity. These studies suggest that multiple body systems coordinate to promote optimal outcomes post-infection. In this review, we will describe the innate immune events that direct the scope and intensity of antihelminth immunity. Further, we will highlight the recent progress made in our understanding of the neuro-immune interactions that regulate these pathways and discuss the conceptual advances they promote.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Peng
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Hannah G. Federman
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Christina M. Hernandez
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Mark C. Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark C. Siracusa,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Giri BR, Li S, Fang C, Qiu L, Yan S, Pakharukova MY, Cheng G. Dynamic miRNA profile of host T cells during early hepatic stages of Schistosoma japonicum infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911139. [PMID: 36119054 PMCID: PMC9478579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomes undergo complicated migration in final hosts during infection, associated with differential immune responses. It has been shown that CD4+ T cells play critical roles in response to Schistosoma infections and accumulated documents have indicated that miRNAs tightly regulate T cell activity. However, miRNA profiles in host T cells associated with Schistosoma infection remain poorly characterized. Therefore, we undertook the study and systematically characterized T cell miRNA profiles from the livers and blood of S. japonicum infected C57BL/6J mice at 14- and 21-days post-infection. We observed 508 and 504 miRNAs, in which 264 miRNAs were co-detected in T cells isolated from blood and livers, respectively. The comparative analysis of T cell miRNAs from uninfected and infected C57BL/6J mice blood showed that miR-486b-5p/3p expression was significantly downregulated and linked to various T cell immune responses and miR-375-5p was highly upregulated, associated with Wnt signaling and pluripotency, Delta notch signaling pathways, etc. Whereas hepatic T cells showed miR-466b-3p, miR-486b-3p, miR-1969, and miR-375 were differentially expressed compared to the uninfected control. The different expressions of some miRNAs were further corroborated in isolated T cells from mice and in vitro cultured EL-4 cells treated with S. japonicum worm antigens by RT-qPCR and similar results were found. In addition, bioinformatics analysis combined with RT-qPCR validation of selected targets associated with the immune system and parasite-caused infectious disease showed a significant increase in the expression of Ctla4, Atg5, Hgf, Vcl and Arpc4 and a decreased expression of Fermt3, Pik3r1, Myd88, Nfkbie, Ppp1r12a, Ppp3r1, Nfyb, Atg12, Ube2n, Tyrobp, Cxcr4 and Tollip. Overall, these results unveil the comprehensive repertoire of T cell miRNAs during S. japonicum infection, suggesting that the circulatory (blood) and liver systems have distinct miRNAs landscapes that may be important for regulating T cell immune response. Altogether, our findings indicated a dynamic expression pattern of T cell miRNAs during the hepatic stages of S. japonicum infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R. Giri
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuantao Fang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Institut für Parasitologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, Wien, Austria
| | - Maria Y. Pakharukova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guofeng Cheng, ;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Silva RCMC, Vasconcelos LR, Travassos LH. The different facets of heme-oxygenase 1 in innate and adaptive immunity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:609-631. [PMID: 36018440 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes are responsible for the main oxidative step in heme degradation, generating equimolar amounts of free iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is induced as a crucial stress response protein, playing protective roles in physiologic and pathological conditions, due to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms behind HO-1-mediated protection are being explored by different studies, affecting cell fate through multiple ways, such as reduction in intracellular levels of heme and ROS, transcriptional regulation, and through its byproducts generation. In this review we focus on the interplay between HO-1 and immune-related signaling pathways, which culminate in the activation of transcription factors important in immune responses and inflammation. We also discuss the dual interaction of HO-1 and inflammatory mediators that govern resolution and tissue damage. We highlight the dichotomy of HO-1 in innate and adaptive immune cells development and activation in different disease contexts. Finally, we address different known anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals that are now being described to modulate HO-1, and the possible contribution of HO-1 in their anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ricardo Vasconcelos
- Cellular Signaling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effect of the Recombinant 14-3-3 and Major Antigen Proteins of Strongyloides stercoralis against an Infection by S. venezuelensis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081292. [PMID: 36016178 PMCID: PMC9415175 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, is a neglected parasitic disease that represents a serious public health problem. In immunocompromised patients, this parasitosis can result in hyperinfection or disseminated disease with high levels of mortality. In previous studies, the mRNAs encoding for the 14-3-3 and major antigen proteins were found to be expressed at high levels in S. stercoralis L3 larvae, suggesting potential key roles in parasite-host interactions. We have produced them as recombinant proteins (rSs14-3-3 and rSsMA) in a bacterial protein expression system. The serum levels of anti-rSs14-3-3 and anti-rSsMA IgGs are increased upon infection with S. venezuelensis, validating the use of the mouse model since the native 14-3-3 and MA proteins induce an immune response. Each recombinant protein was formulated in the adjuvant adaptation (ADAD) vaccination system and injected twice, subcutaneously, in CD1 mice that were experimentally infected with 3000 S. venezuelensis L3 to evaluate their protective and immunomodulatory activity. Our results, including the number of parthenogenetic females, number of eggs in stool samples and the analysis of the splenic and intestinal indexes, show that the vaccines did not protect against infection. The immunization with rSs14-3-3 induced changes in the cytokine profile in mice, producing higher expression of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-13 and TNF-α in the spleen, suggesting a Th2/Treg-type response with an increase in TNF-α levels, confirming its role as an immunomodulator.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wagner M, Koyasu S. Cancer immunosurveillance by ILC2s. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:792-794. [PMID: 35871054 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) elicit ostensibly paradoxical responses, such as tissue repair and stimulation of tumorigenesis. Given emerging evidence that ILC2s also contribute to cancer immunosurveillance, we reassess the role of ILC2s in tumorigenesis and discuss recent insights into their tumoricidal potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wagner
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jacob JM, Di Carlo SE, Stzepourginski I, Lepelletier A, Ndiaye PD, Varet H, Legendre R, Kornobis E, Benabid A, Nigro G, Peduto L. PDGFRα-induced stromal maturation is required to restrain postnatal intestinal epithelial stemness and promote defense mechanisms. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:856-868.e5. [PMID: 35523143 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
After birth, the intestine undergoes major changes to shift from an immature proliferative state to a functional intestinal barrier. By combining inducible lineage tracing and transcriptomics in mouse models, we identify a prodifferentiation PDGFRαHigh intestinal stromal lineage originating from postnatal LTβR+ perivascular stromal progenitors. The genetic blockage of this lineage increased the intestinal stem cell pool while decreasing epithelial and immune maturation at weaning age, leading to reduced postnatal growth and dysregulated repair responses. Ablating PDGFRα in the LTBR stromal lineage demonstrates that PDGFRα has a major impact on the lineage fate and function, inducing a transcriptomic switch from prostemness genes, such as Rspo3 and Grem1, to prodifferentiation factors, including BMPs, retinoic acid, and laminins, and on spatial organization within the crypt-villus and repair responses. Our results show that the PDGFRα-induced transcriptomic switch in intestinal stromal cells is required in the first weeks after birth to coordinate postnatal intestinal maturation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Jacob
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Selene E Di Carlo
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Igor Stzepourginski
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Lepelletier
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Papa Diogop Ndiaye
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Kornobis
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adam Benabid
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao M, Ren K, Xiong X, Xin Y, Zou Y, Maynard JC, Kim A, Battist AP, Koneripalli N, Wang Y, Chen Q, Xin R, Yang C, Huang R, Yu J, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Wang H, Wang D, Xiao Y, Salgado OC, Jarjour NN, Hogquist KA, Revelo XS, Burlingame AL, Gao X, von Moltke J, Lin Z, Ruan HB. Epithelial STAT6 O-GlcNAcylation drives a concerted anti-helminth alarmin response dependent on tuft cell hyperplasia and Gasdermin C. Immunity 2022; 55:623-638.e5. [PMID: 35385697 PMCID: PMC9109499 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium is an integral component of mucosal barrier and host immunity. Following helminth infection, the intestinal epithelial cells secrete "alarmin" cytokines, such as interleukin-25 (IL-25) and IL-33, to initiate the type 2 immune responses for helminth expulsion and tolerance. However, it is unknown how helminth infection and the resulting cytokine milieu drive epithelial remodeling and orchestrate alarmin secretion. Here, we report that epithelial O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification was induced upon helminth infections. By modifying and activating the transcription factor STAT6, O-GlcNAc transferase promoted the transcription of lineage-defining Pou2f3 in tuft cell differentiation and IL-25 production. Meanwhile, STAT6 O-GlcNAcylation activated the expression of Gsdmc family genes. The membrane pore formed by GSDMC facilitated the unconventional secretion of IL-33. GSDMC-mediated IL-33 secretion was indispensable for effective anti-helminth immunity and contributed to induced intestinal inflammation. Protein O-GlcNAcylation can be harnessed for future treatment of type 2 inflammation-associated human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiwen Xiong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yujie Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jason C Maynard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Angela Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alexander P Battist
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Navya Koneripalli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yusu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianyue Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue Xin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyan Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zengdi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yihui Xiao
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Oscar C Salgado
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas N Jarjour
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xavier S Revelo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hund AK, Fuess LE, Kenney ML, Maciejewski MF, Marini JM, Shim KC, Bolnick DI. Population-level variation in parasite resistance due to differences in immune initiation and rate of response. Evol Lett 2022; 6:162-177. [PMID: 35386836 PMCID: PMC8966477 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Closely related populations often differ in resistance to a given parasite, as measured by infection success or failure. Yet, the immunological mechanisms of these evolved differences are rarely specified. Does resistance evolve via changes to the host's ability to recognize that an infection exists, actuate an effective immune response, or attenuate that response? We tested whether each of these phases of the host response contributed to threespine sticklebacks' recently evolved resistance to their tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus. Although marine stickleback and some susceptible lake fish permit fast-growing tapeworms, other lake populations are resistant and suppress tapeworm growth via a fibrosis response. We subjected lab-raised fish from three populations (susceptible marine "ancestors," a susceptible lake population, and a resistant lake population) to a novel immune challenge using an injection of (1) a saline control, (2) alum, a generalized pro-inflammatory adjuvant that causes fibrosis, (3) a tapeworm protein extract, or (4) a combination of alum and tapeworm protein. With enough time, all three populations generated a robust fibrosis response to the alum treatments. Yet, only the resistant population exhibited a fibrosis response to the tapeworm protein alone. Thus, these populations differed in their ability to respond to the tapeworm protein but shared an intact fibrosis pathway. The resistant population also initiated fibrosis faster in response to alum, and was able to attenuate fibrosis, unlike the susceptible populations' slow but longer lasting response to alum. As fibrosis has pathological side effects that reduce fecundity, the faster recovery by the resistant population may reflect an adaptation to mitigate the costs of immunity. Broadly, our results confirm that parasite detection and immune initiation, activation speed, and immune attenuation simultaneously contribute to the evolution of parasite resistance and adaptations to infection in natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Hund
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesota55123
| | - Lauren E. Fuess
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269
- Current Address: Department of BiologyTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTexas78666
| | - Mariah L. Kenney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269
| | - Meghan F. Maciejewski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269
| | - Joseph M. Marini
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269
| | - Kum Chuan Shim
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712
| | - Daniel I. Bolnick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Joardar N, Jana K, Babu SPS. Crude protein fraction with high thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzyme activity from filarial parasite Setaria cervi counters lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1379-1388. [PMID: 35320838 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Host-parasite interaction has always been an area of interest to the parasite biologists. The complex immune interactions between the parasite and/or the parasite-derived products with the host immune cells determine the fate of the disease biology. Parasitic organisms are widely equipped with a vast array of protective machineries including antioxidant enzymes to withstand the hostile condition inside the host body. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated inside the host as a result of parasitic intervention can be endured by the parasite by their own tools to ensure their survival. One such antioxidant enzyme in the filarial parasite that plays a significant role in redox homeostasis, survivability and disease progression is the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Herein, we have projected a crude lysate of the bovine filarial parasite Setaria cervi enriched with high TrxR enzyme activity has the capacity to downregulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory macrophages. TrxR-mediated inhibition of the TLR4-NF-κB axis resulting into downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines with concomitant upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines supports the filarial parasite to produce an anti-inflammatory milieu which ultimately promotes worm survivability inside the host and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh Joardar
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Bolpur, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Road Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700 054, West Bengal, India
| | - Santi P Sinha Babu
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Siksha-Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Bolpur, 731235, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cautivo KM, Matatia PR, Lizama CO, Mroz NM, Dahlgren MW, Yu X, Sbierski-Kind J, Taruselli MT, Brooks JF, Wade-Vallance A, Caryotakis SE, Chang AA, Liang HE, Zikherman J, Locksley RM, Molofsky AB. Interferon gamma constrains type 2 lymphocyte niche boundaries during mixed inflammation. Immunity 2022; 55:254-271.e7. [PMID: 35139352 PMCID: PMC8852844 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic immunity is orchestrated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T (Th2) cells prominently arrayed at epithelial- and microbial-rich barriers. However, ILC2s and Th2 cells are also present in fibroblast-rich niches within the adventitial layer of larger vessels and similar boundary structures in sterile deep tissues, and it remains unclear whether they undergo dynamic repositioning during immune perturbations. Here, we used thick-section quantitative imaging to show that allergic inflammation drives invasion of lung and liver non-adventitial parenchyma by ILC2s and Th2 cells. However, during concurrent type 1 and type 2 mixed inflammation, IFNγ from broadly distributed type 1 lymphocytes directly blocked both ILC2 parenchymal trafficking and subsequent cell survival. ILC2 and Th2 cell confinement to adventitia limited mortality by the type 1 pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Our results suggest that the topography of tissue lymphocyte subsets is tightly regulated to promote appropriately timed and balanced immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peri R Matatia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madelene W Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Wade-Vallance
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sofia E Caryotakis
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Erh Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stunnenberg M, van Hamme JL, Zijlstra-Willems EM, Gringhuis SI, Geijtenbeek TBH. Crosstalk between R848 and abortive HIV-1 RNA-induced signaling enhances antiviral immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:289-298. [PMID: 34982481 PMCID: PMC9542596 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0721-365r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens trigger multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that together dictate innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the crosstalk between PRRs is important to enhance vaccine efficacy. Abortive HIV-1 RNA transcripts are produced during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection and are known ligands for different PRRs, leading to antiviral and proinflammatory responses. Here, we have investigated the crosstalk between responses induced by these 58 nucleotide-long HIV-1 RNA transcripts and different TLR ligands. Costimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) with abortive HIV-1 RNA and TLR7/8 agonist R848, but not other TLR agonists, resulted in enhanced antiviral type I IFN responses as well as adaptive immune responses via the induction of DC-mediated T helper 1 (TH 1) responses and IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells. Our data underscore the importance of crosstalk between abortive HIV-1 RNA and R848-induced signaling for the induction of effective antiviral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Stunnenberg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M Zijlstra-Willems
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja I Gringhuis
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Michla M, Wilhelm C. Food for thought - ILC metabolism in the context of helminth infections. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1234-1242. [PMID: 36045216 PMCID: PMC9705246 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are multicellular ancient organisms residing as parasites at mucosal surfaces of their host. Through adaptation and co-evolution with their hosts, helminths have been able to develop tolerance mechanisms to limit inflammation and avoid expulsion. The study of helminth infections as an integral part of tissue immunology allowed us to understand fundamental aspects of mucosal and barrier immunology, which led to the discovery of a new group of tissue-resident immune cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC), over a decade ago. Here, we review the intricate interplay between helminth infections and type 2 ILC (ILC2) biology, discuss the host metabolic adaptation to helminth infections and the metabolic pathways fueling ILC2 responses. We hypothesize that nutrient competition between host and helminths may have prevented chronic inflammation in the past and argue that a detailed understanding of the metabolic restraints imposed by helminth infections may offer new therapeutic avenues in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Michla
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Unit for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Unit for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhu X, Xie W, Zhang J, Strong JA, Zhang JM. Sympathectomy decreases pain behaviors and nerve regeneration by downregulating monocyte chemokine CCL2 in dorsal root ganglia in the rat tibial nerve crush model. Pain 2022; 163:e106-e120. [PMID: 33941753 PMCID: PMC8556407 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Peripheral nerve regeneration is associated with pain in several preclinical models of neuropathic pain. Some neuropathic pain conditions and preclinical neuropathic pain behaviors are improved by sympathetic blockade. In this study, we examined the effect of a localized "microsympathectomy," ie, cutting the gray rami containing sympathetic postganglionic axons where they enter the L4 and L5 spinal nerves, which is more analogous to clinically used sympathetic blockade compared with chemical or surgical sympathectomy. We also examined manipulations of CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), a key player in both regeneration and pain. We used rat tibial nerve crush as a neuropathic pain model in which peripheral nerve regeneration can occur successfully. CCL2 in the sensory ganglia was increased by tibial nerve crush and reduced by microsympathectomy. Microsympathectomy and localized siRNA-mediated knockdown of CCL2 in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion had very similar effects: partial improvement of mechanical hypersensitivity and guarding behavior, reduction of regeneration markers growth-associated protein 43 and activating transcription factor 3, and reduction of macrophage density in the sensory ganglia and regenerating nerve. Microsympathectomy reduced functional regeneration as measured by myelinated action potential propagation through the injury site and denervation-induced atrophy of the tibial-innervated gastrocnemius muscle at day 10. Microsympathectomy plus CCL2 knockdown had behavioral effects similar to microsympathectomy alone. The results show that local sympathetic effects on neuropathic pain may be mediated in a large part by the effects on expression of CCL2, which in turn regulates the regeneration process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenrui Xie
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Judith A. Strong
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
HOIL1 regulates group 2 innate lymphoid cell numbers and type 2 inflammation in the small intestine. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:642-655. [PMID: 35534698 PMCID: PMC9259497 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with mutations in HOIL1 experience a complex immune disorder including intestinal inflammation. To investigate the role of HOIL1 in regulating intestinal inflammation, we employed a mouse model of partial HOIL1 deficiency. The ileum of HOIL1-deficient mice displayed features of type 2 inflammation including tuft cell and goblet cell hyperplasia, and elevated expression of Il13, Il5 and Il25 mRNA. Inflammation persisted in the absence of T and B cells, and bone marrow chimeric mice revealed a requirement for HOIL1 expression in radiation-resistant cells to regulate inflammation. Although disruption of IL-4 receptor alpha (IL4Rα) signaling on intestinal epithelial cells ameliorated tuft and goblet cell hyperplasia, expression of Il5 and Il13 mRNA remained elevated. KLRG1hi CD90lo group 2 innate lymphoid cells were increased independent of IL4Rα signaling, tuft cell hyperplasia and IL-25 induction. Antibiotic treatment dampened intestinal inflammation indicating commensal microbes as a contributing factor. We have identified a key role for HOIL1, a component of the Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex, in regulating type 2 inflammation in the small intestine. Understanding the mechanism by which HOIL1 regulates type 2 inflammation will advance our understanding of intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory disorders and may lead to the identification of new targets for treatment.
Collapse
|
39
|
Frafjord A, Buer L, Hammarström C, Aamodt H, Woldbæk PR, Brustugun OT, Helland Å, Øynebråten I, Corthay A. The Immune Landscape of Human Primary Lung Tumors Is Th2 Skewed. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764596. [PMID: 34868011 PMCID: PMC8637168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific T helper (Th) cells have a central role in the immune response against cancer. However, there exist distinct Th cell subsets with very different and antagonizing properties. Some Th subsets such as Th1 protect against cancer, while others (Th2, T regulatory/Treg) are considered detrimental or of unknown significance (T follicular helper/Tfh, Th17). The Th composition of human solid tumors remains poorly characterized. Therefore, we established a four-color multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemical assay for detection of Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh and Treg cells in human tumor sections. The method was used to analyze resected primary lung tumors from 11 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Four microanatomical regions were investigated: tumor epithelium, tumor stroma, peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and non-cancerous distal lung tissue. In tumor epithelium and stroma, most CD4+ T cells identified had either a Th2 (GATA-3+CD3+CD8-) or Treg (FOXP3+CD3+CD8-) phenotype, whereas only low numbers of Th1, Th17, and Tfh cells were observed. Similarly, Th2 was the most abundant Th subset in TLS, followed by Treg cells. In sharp contrast, Th1 was the most frequently detected Th subset in non-cancerous lung tissue from the same patients. A higher Th1:Th2 ratio in tumor stroma was found to be associated with increased numbers of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. The predominance of Th2 and Treg cells in both tumor stroma and tumor epithelium was consistent for all the 11 patients investigated. We conclude that human primary NSCLC tumors are Th2-skewed and contain numerous Treg cells. If human tumors are Th2-skewed, as our data in NSCLC suggest, reprogramming the type of immune response from a detrimental Th2 to a beneficial Th1 may be critical to increase the response rate of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astri Frafjord
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Buer
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Hammarström
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Aamodt
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Reidar Woldbæk
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Terje Brustugun
- Section of Oncology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Øynebråten
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Oliveira LM, Oliveira YLDC, Oliveira YLM, Ramos ACS, Andrade GF, Sá VL, Geraldi RM, Pinheiro CS, Bueno LL, Fujiwara RT, Dolabella SS. Intestinal polyparasitism and levels of mucosal anthelmintic SIgA in children from endemic areas in Northeastern Brazil. Parasite Immunol 2021; 44:e12899. [PMID: 34861047 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between parasites during co-infections are often complex and can impact immunization and treatment programmes, as well as disease outcomes and morbidity. However, little is known about these interactions and the mechanisms involved. In this study, a coproparasitological survey was carried out in school-age children living in endemic areas of parasitic infection in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. Anti-helminth-specific and total secretory immunoglobulin-A (SIgA) levels were measured in stool and saliva samples and were compared in children presenting monoparasitism, polyparasitism (helminths and/or intestinal protozoa) and no infections. The survey showed that protozoa were more prevalent than helminths, and that there was a high frequency of polyparasitism in the studied population, mainly from combinations of protozoan species. Although less frequent, combinations between species of protozoa and helminths were also observed. The levels of salivary SIgA in these co-infected individuals were lower than the average observed in infections with helminths alone. Although the children participating in this survey were asymptomatic, and it was, therefore, not possible to evaluate the impact of salivary SIgA reduction on the diseases, and the study highlights the need for further investigations of co-infections by intestinal parasites and the effects on immune response induced by the interactions between different parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Yvanna L D C Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Yrna L M Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline S Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Andrade
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Sá
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Geraldi
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Carina S Pinheiro
- Department of Biointeraction, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lilian L Bueno
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Fujiwara
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvio S Dolabella
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
The yin and yang of human soil-transmitted helminth infections. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:1243-1253. [PMID: 34774540 PMCID: PMC9145206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The major soil-transmitted helminths that infect humans are the roundworms, whipworms and hookworms. Soil-transmitted helminth infections rank among the most important neglected tropical diseases in terms of morbidity, and almost one billion people are still infected with at least one species. While anthelmintic drugs are available, they do not offer long term protection against reinfection, precipitating the need for vaccines that provide long-term immunologic defense. Vaccine discovery and development is in advanced clinical development for hookworm infection, with a bivalent human hookworm vaccine in clinical trials in Brazil and Africa, but is in its infancy for both roundworm (ascariasis) and whipworm (trichuriasis) infections. One of the greatest hurdles to developing soil-transmitted helminth vaccines is the potent immunoregulatory properties of these helminths, creating a barrier to the induction of meaningful long-term protective immunity. While challenging for vaccinologists, this phenomenon presents unique opportunities to develop an entirely new class of anti-inflammatory drugs that capitalise on these immunomodulatory strategies. Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials employing experimental soil-transmitted helminth challenge models, when coupled with findings from animal models, show that at least some soil-transmitted helminth-derived molecules can protect against the onset of autoimmune, allergic and metabolic disorders, and several natural products with the desired bioactivity have been isolated and tested in pre-clinical settings. The yin and yang of soil-transmitted helminth infections reflect both the urgency for effective vaccines and the potential for new immunoregulatory molecules from parasite products.
Collapse
|
42
|
The curious case of a cryptic Cryptosporidium and a missing dendritic cell subset. Trends Parasitol 2021; 38:101-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Peng J, Siracusa MC. Basophils in antihelminth immunity. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101529. [PMID: 34815162 PMCID: PMC8715908 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been appreciated that basophilia is a common feature of helminth infections for approximately 50 years. The ability of basophils to secrete IL-4 and other type 2 cytokines has supported the prevailing notion that basophils contribute to antihelminth immunity by promoting optimal type 2 T helper (Th2) cell responses. While this appears to be the case in several helminth infections, emerging studies are also revealing that the effector functions of basophils are extremely diverse and parasite-specific. Further, new reports now suggest that basophils can restrict type 2 inflammation in a manner that preserves the integrity of helminth-affected tissue. Finally, exciting data has also demonstrated that basophils can regulate inflammation by participating in neuro-immune interactions. This article will review the current state of basophil biology and describe how recent studies are transforming our understanding of the role basophils play in the context of helminth infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Peng
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Popple SJ, Burrows K, Mortha A, Osborne LC. Remote regulation of type 2 immunity by intestinal parasites. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101530. [PMID: 34802872 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the target organ of most parasitic infections, including those by helminths and protozoa. These parasites elicit prototypical type 2 immune activation in the host's immune system with striking impact on the local tissue microenvironment. Despite local containment of these parasites within the intestinal tract, parasitic infections also mediate immune adaptation in peripheral organs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how such gut-tissue axes influence important immune-mediated resistance and disease tolerance in the context of coinfections, and elaborate on the implications of parasite-regulated gut-lung and gut-brain axes on the development and severity of airway inflammation and central nervous system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Popple
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chaney HL, Grose LF, LaBarbara JM, Sirk AW, Blancke AM, Sánchez JM, Passaro C, Lonergan P, Mathew DJ. Galectin-1 Confers Endometrial Gene Expression and Protein Related to Maternal-Conceptus Immune Tolerance in Cattle. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:487-502. [PMID: 34792096 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conceptus secretory factors include galectins, a family of carbohydrate binding proteins that elicit cell adhesion and immune suppression by interacting with intracellular and extracellular glycans. In rodents, galectin-1 (LGALS1) promotes maternal-fetal immune tolerance in the decidua through expansion of tolerogenic CD11c+ dendritic cells, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10, and activation of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). This study characterized galectin expression in early ruminant conceptuses and endometrium. We also tested the effect of recombinant bovine LGALS1 (rbLGALS1) and progesterone (P4) on endometrial expression of genes and protein related to maternal-fetal immune tolerance in cattle. Elongating bovine and ovine conceptuses expressed several galectins, particularly, LGALS1, LGALS3 and LGALS8. Within bovine endometrium, expression of LGALS3, LGALS7 and LGALS9 was greater on Day 16 of pregnancy compared to the estrous cycle. Within ovine endometrium, LGALS7 was greater during pregnancy compared to the estrous cycle and endometrium of pregnant sheep tended to have greater LGALS9 and LGALS15. Expression of endometrial LGALS4 was less during pregnancy in sheep. Treating bovine endometrium with rbLGALS1 increased endometrial expression of CD11c, IL-10 and FOXP3, within 24 h. Specifically, within caruncular endometrium, both rbLGALS1 and P4 increased FOXP3, suggesting that both ligands may promote Treg expansion. Using IHC, FOXP3+ cells with a leukocyte phenotype were localized to the bovine uterine stratum compactum near the uterine surface and increased in response to rbLGALS1. We hypothesize that galectins have important functions during establishment of pregnancy in ruminants and bovine conceptus LGALS1 and luteal P4 confer mechanisms of maternal-conceptus immune tolerance in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Chaney
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Lindsay F Grose
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jeanna M LaBarbara
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Adam W Sirk
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Alyssa M Blancke
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jose M Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia Passaro
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Mathew
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Faas M, Ipseiz N, Ackermann J, Culemann S, Grüneboom A, Schröder F, Rothe T, Scholtysek C, Eberhardt M, Böttcher M, Kirchner P, Stoll C, Ekici A, Fuchs M, Kunz M, Weigmann B, Wirtz S, Lang R, Hofmann J, Vera J, Voehringer D, Michelucci A, Mougiakakos D, Uderhardt S, Schett G, Krönke G. IL-33-induced metabolic reprogramming controls the differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages and the resolution of inflammation. Immunity 2021; 54:2531-2546.e5. [PMID: 34644537 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) contribute to the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. However, molecular pathways that govern their differentiation have remained incompletely understood. Here, we show that uncoupling protein-2-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming and the transcription factor GATA3 specifically controlled the differentiation of pro-resolving AAMs in response to the alarmin IL-33. In macrophages, IL-33 sequentially triggered early expression of pro-inflammatory genes and subsequent differentiation into AAMs. Global analysis of underlying signaling events revealed that IL-33 induced a rapid metabolic rewiring of macrophages that involved uncoupling of the respiratory chain and increased production of the metabolite itaconate, which subsequently triggered a GATA3-mediated AAM polarization. Conditional deletion of GATA3 in mononuclear phagocytes accordingly abrogated IL-33-induced differentiation of AAMs and tissue repair upon muscle injury. Our data thus identify an IL-4-independent and GATA3-dependent pathway in mononuclear phagocytes that results from mitochondrial rewiring and controls macrophage plasticity and the resolution of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Faas
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jochen Ackermann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stephan Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Biopsectroscopy, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund 44139, Germany; Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Fenja Schröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tobias Rothe
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Carina Scholtysek
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Cornelia Stoll
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Joerg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Division of Infection Biology, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg 1526, Luxembourg
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chavda VP, Pandya A, Pulakkat S, Soniwala M, Patravale V. Lymphatic filariasis vaccine development: neglected for how long? Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1471-1482. [PMID: 34633881 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1990760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lymphatic filariasis (LF), also known as elephantiasis, has been recognized by the world health organization and the centers for disease control and prevention as one of the neglected tropical diseases. The huge prevalence and risk of manifestation to date reflect the poor management of this disease. The disease poses vast public health and socio-economic burdens and generates a dire need for the development of a prophylactic solution for mass administration. AREAS COVERED Vaccination has been a sought-out strategy for dealing with ever-evolving infectious diseases and can be duly tuned to become a cost effective means of disease control and eventual eradication. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology of LF with the current diagnosis and treatment modules. The need for the development of a potential vaccine candidates, and challenges are discussed. The evidence presented in this review aims to enlighten the readers regarding the essential factors governing LF and its management using prophylactic measures. EXPERT OPINION The complex nature of filarial parasites is evident from the absence of a single vaccine for LF. The development and selection of an appropriate preclinical model and its translation into clinical practice is deemed to be a major task needing in-depth evaluation to formulate an effective vaccine. Explorations of the existing vaccine platforms would serve to be an apt strategy in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anjali Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sreeranjini Pulakkat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Moinuddin Soniwala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, B K Modi Government Pharmacy College, Rajkot, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Padilla S, Nurden AT, Prado R, Nurden P, Anitua E. Healing through the lens of immunothrombosis: Biology-inspired, evolution-tailored, and human-engineered biomimetic therapies. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121205. [PMID: 34710794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evolution, from invertebrates to mammals, has yielded and shaped immunoclotting as a defense and repair response against trauma and infection. This mosaic of immediate and local wound-sealing and pathogen-killing mechanisms results in survival, restoration of homeostasis, and tissue repair. In mammals, immunoclotting has been complemented with the neuroendocrine system, platelets, and contact system among other embellishments, adding layers of complexity through interconnecting blood-born proteolytic cascades, blood cells, and the neuroendocrine system. In doing so, immunothrombosis endows humans with survival advantages, but entails vulnerabilities in the current unprecedented and increasingly challenging environment. Immunothrombosis and tissue repair appear to go hand in hand with common mechanisms mediating both processes, a fact that is underlined by recent advances that are deciphering the mechanisms of the repair process and of the biochemical pathways that underpins coagulation, hemostasis and thrombosis. This review is intended to frame both the universal aspects of tissue repair and the therapeutic use of autologous fibrin matrix as a biology-as-a-drug approach in the context of the evolutionary changes in coagulation and hemostasis. In addition, we will try to shed some light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the use of the autologous fibrin matrix as a biology-inspired, evolution-tailored, and human-engineered biomimetic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Padilla
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Alan T Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Roberto Prado
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lok LSC, Walker JA, Jolin HE, Scanlon ST, Ishii M, Fallon PG, McKenzie ANJ, Clatworthy MR. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Exhibit Tissue-Specific Dynamic Behaviour During Type 2 Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711907. [PMID: 34484215 PMCID: PMC8415880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are early effectors of mucosal type 2 immunity, producing cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13 to mediate responses to helminth infection and allergen-induced inflammation. ILC2s are also present in lymph nodes (LNs) and can express molecules required for antigen presentation, but to date there are limited data on their dynamic behaviour. We used a CD2/IL-13 dual fluorescent reporter mouse for in vivo imaging of ILC2s and Th2 T cells in real time following a type 2 priming helminth infection or egg injection. After helminth challenge, we found that ILC2s were the main source of IL-13 in lymphoid organs (Peyer’s patches and peripheral LNs), and were located in T cell areas. Intravital imaging demonstrated an increase in IL-13+ ILC2 size and movement following helminth infection, but reduced duration of interactions with T cells compared with those in homeostasis. In contrast, in the intestinal mucosa, we observed an increase in ILC2-T cell interactions post-infection, including some of prolonged duration, as well as increased IL-13+ ILC2 movement. These data suggest that ILC2 activation enhances cell motility, with the potential to increase the area of distribution of cytokines to optimise the early generation of type 2 responses. The prolonged ILC2 interactions with T cells within the intestinal mucosa are consistent with the conclusion that contact-based T cell activation may occur within inflamed tissues rather than lymphoid organs. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of the in vivo biology of ILC2s and the way in which these cells facilitate adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence S C Lok
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jennifer A Walker
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Seth T Scanlon
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Metabolic orchestration of the wound healing response. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1726-1743. [PMID: 34384520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing requires cooperation between different cell types, among which macrophages play a central role. In particular, inflammatory macrophages are engaged in the initial response to wounding, and alternatively activated macrophages are essential for wound closure and the resolution of tissue repair. The links between temporal activation-induced changes in the metabolism of such macrophages and the influence this has on their functional states, along with the realization that metabolites play both intrinsic and extrinsic roles in the cells that produce them, has focused attention on the metabolism of wound healing. Here, we discuss macrophage metabolism during distinct stages of normal healing and its related pathologic processes, such as during cancer and fibrosis. Further, we frame these insights in a broader context of the current understanding of macrophage metabolic reprogramming linked to cellular activation and function. Finally, we discuss parallels between the metabolism of macrophages and fibroblasts, the latter being a key stromal cell type in wound healing, and consider the importance of the metabolic interplay between different cell types in the wound microenvironment.
Collapse
|