1
|
Zhang S, Han T, Yang R, Song Y, Jiang W, Tian Z. Unraveling the influence of childhood emotional support on adult aging: Insights from the UK Biobank. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 127:105600. [PMID: 39151235 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the association between Childhood Emotional Support (CES) and the mechanisms of aging is pivotal for understanding its potential to lessen the incidence of age-related pathologies and promote a milieu for healthy aging. METHODS Utilizing data from the UK Biobank comprising nearly 160,000 individuals, comprehensive analyses were conducted to explore associations between CES levels and age-related diseases, biological age and aging hallmarks. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the relationship between CES and the risk of hospitalization for age-related diseases. Linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between CES and the frailty index (FI), Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) biological age acceleration, homeostatic dysregulation (HD), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count, and telomere length. RESULTS The analyses revealed a significant association between higher CES levels and a decreased risk of hospitalization for age-related diseases in later life. After adjustments for covariates, the hazard ratio for age-related diseases was 0.87 (95 % confidence interval, 0.83-0.91, p < 0.001) in those with the highest CES level compared to those with the lowest CES level. Participants with the highest CES level exhibited lower FI scores (coefficient = -0.033, p < 0.001), reduced CRP level (coefficient = -0.097, p < 0.05) and lower WBC counts (coefficient = -0.034, p < 0.05). Stratified analyses based on genetic susceptibility further elucidated the protective role of CES against age-related diseases. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the potential of early interventions targeting CES to promote healthy aging and alleviating the burden of age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruiming Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Zhiliang Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen DKL, Fitzpatrick N, Floccia C. Adapting language development research paradigms to online testing: Data from preferential looking, word learning and vocabulary assessment in toddlers. JOURNAL OF CHILD LANGUAGE 2024:1-33. [PMID: 38433469 DOI: 10.1017/s0305000924000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
During the recent pandemic, it became necessary to adapt lab-based studies to online experiments. To investigate the impact of online testing on the quality of data, we focus on three paradigms widely used in infant research: a word recognition task using the Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm, a word learning task using the Switch task, and a language assessment tool (WinG) where children identify a target word amongst a set of picture cards. Our results for synchronous and asynchronous studies provide support for the robustness of online testing. In Experiment 1, robust word recognition was found in 24-month-old toddlers. In Experiment 2, 17-month-old infants consistently learned a new word. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrated that 19- to 26-month-old children performed well on a language assessment test administered online. Overall, effect sizes or language scores were found to be higher than in lab-based studies. These experiments point to promising possibilities for reaching out to families around the world.
Collapse
|
3
|
Korous KM, Surachman A, Rogers CR, Cuevas AG. Parental education and epigenetic aging in middle-aged and older adults in the United States: A life course perspective. Soc Sci Med 2023; 333:116173. [PMID: 37595421 PMCID: PMC10530379 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic aging is one plausible mechanism by which socioeconomic status (SES) contributes to disparities in morbidity and mortality. Although the association between SES and epigenetic aging is well documented, the role of parental education into adulthood remains understudied. We examined (1) if parental education was independently associated with epigenetic aging, (2) whether upward educational mobility buffered this association, and (3) if the benefit of parental education was differentiated by race/ethnicity. Secondary data analysis of a subsample (n = 3875) of Non-Hispanic [NH] Black, Hispanic, NH White, and NH other race participants from the Venous Blood Study within Health and Retirement Study were examined. Thirteen clocks based on DNA methylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites were used to calculate epigenetic aging. Participants' education (personal) and their report of their respective parent's education (parental; mother's and/or father's) were included as independent variables; several potential confounders were also included. Direct associations and interactions between parental and personal education were estimated via survey-weighted generalized linear models; marginal means for epigenetic aging were estimated and contrasts were made between the education subcategories. Analyses were also stratified by race/ethnicity. Our results showed that higher parental education was independently associated with slower epigenetic aging among four clocks, whereas higher personal education magnified this association among four different epigenetic clocks. Participants with the lowest parental and personal education had higher marginal means (i.e., accelerated aging) compared to participants with the highest parental and personal education, and there was little evidence of upward mobility. These associations were more frequently observed among NH White participants, whereas fewer were observed for Hispanic and NH Black participants. Overall, our findings support that early-life circumstances may be biologically embedded through epigenetic aging, which may also limit the biological benefits associated with one's own education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Korous
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Agus Surachman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles R Rogers
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Adolfo G Cuevas
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harkko J, Ranta H, Lallukka T, Nordquist H, Mänty M, Kouvonen A. Working conditions and mental health functioning among young public sector employees. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:98-105. [PMID: 34609255 PMCID: PMC9900189 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211045458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: The associations between adverse working conditions and mental disorders are well established. However, associations between adverse working conditions and poor mental health functioning is a less explored area. This study examines these associations among younger public sector employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. Methods: We use data from the Young Helsinki Health Study with a representative sample of the employees of the City of Helsinki, aged 19-39 years (n=4 217). Mental health functioning was measured with mental composite summary of the Short Form 36. Working conditions included factors related to both the psychosocial (job control and job demands) and the physical work environment (physical workload). To examine the associations, we used logistic regression models with adjustments for socio-demographics, other working conditions and health-related covariates. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, poor health, health behaviours and other occupational exposures, high job demands (OR=1.69; 95% CI=1.45-1.97) and low job control (OR=1.65; 95% CI=1.40-1.94) were associated with poor mental health functioning. High physical workload was not associated with the outcome (OR=0.87; 95% CI=0.72-1.05) after the adjustments. Conclusions: Adverse psychosocial working conditions were associated with mental health functioning, whereas physical working conditions were not. As impaired functioning is likely to cause health-related lost productivity and can lead to work disability, further research and interventions with a balanced approach focusing on both psychosocial working conditions and mental health functioning are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Harkko
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hertta Ranta
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilla Nordquist
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Finland
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of strategy and research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang L, Yin R, Hu Q, Fan Z, Zhang F. The effect of childhood socioeconomic status on depressive symptoms in middle-old age: the mediating role of life satisfaction. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 35701744 PMCID: PMC9195317 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) can influence the development and progression of depression in adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the effects of childhood SES on depressive symptoms in individuals of middle-old age and examine the potential mediating role of life satisfaction based on national data in China. METHODS Data were derived from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data. A total of 17,129 individuals who were aged 45 years and older were included. The dependent variable was depressive symptoms in middle-old age. Childhood SES was the independent variable, and life satisfaction was the mediator. This study controlled four factors: general demographic characteristics, adult SES, childhood adversity and health and living status. Pearson correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed, and the Baron and Kenny method was used to test the mediating role. RESULTS The score of depressive symptoms among all participants was 7.88 ± 6.65. Gender, age, adult SES, childhood adversity and health and living status all affected the development of depression symptom in middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. After adjusting for all covariates, the higher the childhood SES, the lower the depressive symptom score (β = - 0.422, P < 0.001). Life satisfaction had a partial mediating effect between childhood SES and depressive symptoms. Low childhood SES may improve life satisfaction (β = 0.051, P < 0.001) and life satisfaction indirectly decreases depressive symptom scores (β = - 0.403, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Life satisfaction was a partial mediator between childhood SES and depressive symptoms in middle and old age. Improving life satisfaction may serve as an intervention to reduce the incidence of depression symptoms in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyun Yin
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoya Fan
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61 Daxuecheng Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reiband HK, Heitmann BL, Sørensen TIA. Adverse labour market impacts of childhood and adolescence overweight and obesity in Western societies-A literature review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13026. [PMID: 32431077 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are major health issues of today with both somatic and psychosocial consequences in childhood, adolescence and adulthood and potentially adverse effects for adult social life. We conducted a narrative review of the literature about the association of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence with possible adverse impact on labour market in adulthood. By PubMed and Google Scholar searches, we identified 12 original, prospective studies from Western countries and extracted data from these studies. We discuss the possible explanations of the associations and the conceptual and methodological challenges in these studies. Despite inherent difficulties in interpreting results, partly due to differences in outcome definitions, ages at exposure, measurements of overweight and obesity, confounder control and societal differences, the studies indicate adverse labour market impacts on adult wage and employment. Furthermore, penalties seemed present even if the excessive weight was lost before adulthood, and women seemed more affected than men, especially when weight persisted into adulthood. While both health and lower education might contribute to explain the adverse labour market outcomes, also discrimination, stigmatization and the development of cognitive and noncognitive skills seemed to influence the outcomes. Prevention of these adverse labour market impacts likely requires multilevel efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kruse Reiband
- Socialmedicinsk Centre, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- The Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark.,Department of Public Health (Section for general Practise), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics) and Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Knöchelmann A, Günther S, Moor I, Seifert N, Richter M. Social mobility, accumulation of disadvantages and health. An analysis with retrospective data from the GSOEP (2002-14). Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:98-104. [PMID: 31298281 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic position (SEP) in different life stages is related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Yet, research on the relevance of life course processes is scarce. This study aims to analyse the association between accumulation of disadvantages, social mobility and HRQoL. METHODS Analyses were conducted using population-averaged panel-data models and are based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel 2002-14, including retrospective biographical information, comprising 25 473 observations from 8666 persons. Intergenerational and intragenerational mobility included the occupational positions in childhood (parental position), first job and middle age. Accumulation of disadvantages was measured using an accumulation index. HRQoL was assessed using the Mental and Physical Component Summary Scores of the SF12v2. RESULTS Accumulation of disadvantages was the main predictor for the Physical Component Summary in mid-age. Men and women in a stable low SEP or with a steep downward mobility showed the least favourable physical HRQoL. This holds for intergenerational and intragenerational mobility. Mental HRQoL did not seem to be associated with accumulation or social mobility. CONCLUSION The results show that physical HRQoL is related to social mobility and accumulation of (dis-)advantages. Further research is needed thoroughly analysing this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Knöchelmann
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Irene Moor
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Seifert
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karatekin C, Ahluwalia R. Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Stress, and Social Support on the Health of College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:150-172. [PMID: 27920360 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516681880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to describe the nature of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reported by undergraduates and to examine the effect of ACEs, perceived stress, and perceived social support on their health. Although respondents (N = 321) had parents with relatively high levels of education and indicated generally high levels of social support, results nevertheless showed a relatively high level of mental health problems and rates of ACEs that were similar to those in the general population in the state. Those with higher levels of ACEs had greater levels of stress and lower levels of social support. ACEs, social support, and stress explained more than half the variance in mental health scores, with stress making the greatest contribution. Despite the fact that we used different measures and an independent sample, findings generally replicated a previous study. Results point to a need to increase awareness of the association between ACEs and health on college campuses, to examine the effects of ACEs in more detail, and to design ACE-informed programs for this population.
Collapse
|
9
|
Oksman E, Rosenström T, Gluschkoff K, Saarinen A, Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Associations Between Early Childcare Environment and Different Aspects of Adulthood Sociability: The 32-Year Prospective Young Finns Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2060. [PMID: 31551890 PMCID: PMC6746937 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sociability is a widely studied trait that has been linked both with individual well- and ill-being. Although early childcare has been shown to affect social competence in children, its role in the development of different aspects of adulthood sociability is poorly understood. Using a longitudinal population-based sample (N = 464), this study investigated whether childcare arrangements at ages 3 or 6 are associated with self-reported adulthood sociability at ages 20 to 35 years. A total of five aspects of sociability were measured using three well-established personality inventories (EAS, NEO-FFI, and TCI). Multilevel modeling was applied to examine the association between early care and adulthood sociability, adjusting for several sources of random variation (between-individual variance, within-individual variance between measurement times, variance between used sociability indicators, and error variance that cannot be attributed to the previously mentioned) and potential confounders (disruptive behavior in childhood, parental socio-economic status, parent–child relationship quality, maternal age, and the number of children in the family). Based on our results, in comparison to home care, family daycare and center-based daycare at age 3 and center-based daycare at age 6 were associated with higher sociability later in life. The association was strongest for aspects of sociability that emphasize the willingness to be surrounded by other people and to be attached to them. In other words, characteristics of early care may contribute uniquely to the development of these aspects of sociability with effects that persist into adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elli Oksman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Rosenström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kia Gluschkoff
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Tuomas Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laura S, Sanna KL, Heta P. Unravelling the relationship between parental resources and disability pension in young adulthood. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 83:102315. [PMID: 31422840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A vast literature exists on the relationship between family background and health outcomes. However, there is a shortage of evidence on the relationship between parental resources and offsprings' disability pension, a severe form of general poor health and functionability. This article analyses how parental income and education are associated with offsprings' disability pension in young adulthood (19-27 years) among 1980-1985 birth cohorts using Finnish register data. The results of discrete-time event history analysis demonstrate that parental income and education have contrasting impacts. High parental income is found to decrease, and parental education to increase, the probability of offspring having disability pension, although mainly among offspring with compulsory education. Further, young adults with high parental resources are better off two years after their first disability pension. We conclude that the influence of parental resources operates via offsprings' educational attainment but also has divergent direct impacts on offsprings' disability pension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salonen Laura
- Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku,Assistentinkatu 7, Publicum, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist Sanna
- Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku,Assistentinkatu 7, Publicum, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pöyliö Heta
- Sociology, Department of Social Research, University of Turku,Assistentinkatu 7, Publicum, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Objectives Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with ill-health in adulthood, but ACE literature has focused on family disruption or dysfunction (e.g., child abuse, parental separation), with less attention to economic adversity. We examined whether a mother's economic hardship in childhood (EHC) was associated with women's hardships and health-risk behaviors during/just before pregnancy. Methods We analyzed population-based survey data on 27,102 postpartum California women. EHC included respondents' reports that during childhood they/their families experienced hunger because of inability to afford food or moved because of problems paying rent/mortgage and the frequency of difficulty paying for basic needs. We examined six maternal hardships/behaviors during/just before pregnancy, including four hardships (poverty, food insecurity, homelessness/no regular place to sleep, intimate partner violence) and two behaviors (smoking, binge drinking). Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated from sequential logistic regression models estimating associations between EHC (categorized by level of hardship) and each maternal hardship/behavior, first without adjustment, then adjusting for other childhood and current maternal factors, and finally adding family disruption/dysfunction. Results Before adjustment for family disruption/dysfunction, the highest and intermediate EHC levels were associated with each maternal hardship/behavior; after full adjustment, those associations persisted except with smoking. Higher EHC levels generally appeared associated with larger PRs, although confidence intervals overlapped. Conclusions for Policy/Practice These findings link childhood economic hardship with women's hardships, binge drinking, and possibly smoking around the time of pregnancy. Without establishing causality, they support previous research indicating that childhood economic adversity should be considered an ACE.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hiilamo A, Shiri R, Kouvonen A, Mänty M, Butterworth P, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T. Common mental disorders and trajectories of work disability among midlife public sector employees - A 10-year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2019; 247:66-72. [PMID: 30654267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined trajectories of work disability, indicated by sickness absence and disability retirement, among midlife public sector employees with and without common mental disorders (CMD) at baseline. We also examined adverse childhood events, occupational class, long-standing illness and health behaviour as determinants of the trajectories. METHODS A sample from the Helsinki Health Study was extracted comprising 2350 employees. Baseline characteristics were obtained from mail surveys conducted in 2000-2 and 2007. CMD were measured by the General Health Questionnaire. Participants were followed between the ages of 50-59. Work disability trajectories were modelled by the annual number of work disability months in group-based trajectory analysis. Multinomial regression was used to predict trajectory group memberships. RESULTS Three trajectories were identified: no work disability (consisting 59% of the all employees), stable/low (31%) and high/increasing disability (10%). Employees with CMD were more likely to belong to the stable/low (odds ratio 1.73 [95% confidence interval 1.37-2.18]), and the high/increasing (2.55 [1.81-3.59]) trajectories. Stratified models showed that the determinants of the trajectories were largely similar for those with CMD compared to those without CMD except that obesity was a somewhat stronger predictor of the high/increasing trajectory among employees with CMD. LIMITATIONS The focus on midlife public sector employees limits the generalisability to other employment sectors and younger employees. CONCLUSIONS CMD were strongly associated with a trajectory leading to early exit from employment and a stable/low work disability trajectory. These findings have implications for interventions promoting work ability of employees with mental ill-health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Hiilamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Arinatie 3, 00370, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Arinatie 3, 00370, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; Administrative Data Research Centre - Northern Ireland (ADRC-NI), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Unit of Research, Development and Innovation, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Arinatie 3, 00370, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
von Bonsdorff MB, Kokko K, Salonen M, von Bonsdorff ME, Poranen-Clark T, Alastalo H, Kajantie E, Osmond C, Eriksson JG. Association of childhood adversities and home atmosphere with functioning in old age: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Age Ageing 2019; 48:80-86. [PMID: 30272114 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective childhood adversities have been linked with adverse health outcomes, but less is known about the long-term consequences of childhood home atmosphere. We investigated whether childhood adversities and home atmosphere were associated with physical and mental functioning in older age. Methods in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study 2003, participants born in the year 1934-44 had data available on nine childhood home atmosphere items, e.g. whether it was supportive and warm (sum score ranged between 0 and 36, higher score indicating better atmosphere), and nine childhood adversities, e.g. unemployment and divorce (sum score 0-9, coded into no; one; and two or more adversities) assessed in 2001-04. Of those, 835 had data on physical and mental functioning assessed using the Short Form 36 questionnaire in 2011-13. Results those who had experienced two or more childhood adversities were more likely to have poorer physical and mental functioning in older age compared to those with no adversities. A better home atmosphere score was associated with better mental functioning (per one unit higher score β 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.32, P < 0.001). In models including both childhood adversities and home atmosphere, a more favourable home atmosphere was associated with better mental functioning while the association for childhood adversities attenuated. There were no associations between childhood adversities or home atmosphere and physical functioning in the models that included both childhood exposures. Conclusions childhood adversities and home atmosphere have long-term associations with physical and mental functioning in older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Minna Salonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika E von Bonsdorff
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Poranen-Clark
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna Alastalo
- Ageing, Disability and Functional Capacity Unit, Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lallukka T, Sivertsen B, Kronholm E, Bin YS, Øverland S, Glozier N. Association of sleep duration and sleep quality with the physical, social, and emotional functioning among Australian adults. Sleep Health 2018; 4:194-200. [PMID: 29555134 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the interaction of two key determinants of sleep health, quantity and quality, with physical, emotional, and social functioning, in the general population. DESIGN Nationally-representative Australian cross-sectional study. SETTING General population. PARTICIPANTS 14,571 people aged 15 or older in Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) in 2013. MEASUREMENTS The associations of sleep quality (good/poor) in combination with mid-range (6-8 hours), short (<6) or long (>8) sleep duration with functioning, determined from the SF-36, were evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for sociodemographic, relationships, health behaviors, obesity, pain, and mental and physical illness confounders. RESULTS After adjusting for gender, and age, poor sleep quality in combination with short, mid-range and long sleep was associated with worse physical, emotional and social functioning. Pain and comorbid illness explained much of these associations, while attenuation from other covariates was minor. The associations of poor sleep quality with worse functioning remained after full adjustment regardless of sleep duration, while among people with good quality sleep, only those with long sleep duration reported poorer functioning. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality has robust associations with worse functioning regardless of total duration in the general population. There appears to be a substantial number of functional short sleepers with good quality sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, FIN 00032 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Sydney Medical School, Sleep Group, D17 - Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney NSW, Australia 2006.
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF Haugesund Hospital, Postbox 2170, 5504, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaesgate 7, 5015 Bergen, Norway
| | - Erkki Kronholm
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Lemminkäisenkatu 14-18 B, FI-20032, Turku, Finland
| | - Yu Sun Bin
- Sydney Medical School, Sleep Group, D17 - Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney NSW, Australia 2006
| | - Simon Øverland
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaesgate 7, 5015 Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Postboks 7807, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Nick Glozier
- Sydney Medical School, Sleep Group, D17 - Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney NSW, Australia 2006; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and depressive symptom burden across 15 years of follow-up during midlife: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Arch Womens Ment Health 2017; 20:495-504. [PMID: 28660469 PMCID: PMC5575748 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage may contribute to adult depression. Understanding pathways by which early socioeconomic adversity may shape adult depression is important for identifying areas for intervention. Studies to date have focused on one potential pathway, adult socioeconomic status (SES), and assessed depression at only one or a few time points. Our aims were to examine (a) the association between childhood SES (low vs. high) and depressive symptom burden in midlife and (b) whether adult socioeconomic, psychosocial, and physical health characteristics are important pathways. Using annual data from a cohort of 1109 black and white US women recruited in 1996-1997, we evaluated the association between childhood SES and depressive symptom burden across 15 years in midlife and whether adult characteristics-financial difficulty, lower education, stressful events, low social support, low role functioning, medical conditions, and bodily pain-mediated the association. Depressive symptom burden was estimated by calculating area under the curve of annual scores across 15 years of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D). In unadjusted models, low childhood SES was associated with greater depressive burden (P = 0.0002). Each hypothesized mediator, individually, did not reduce the association. However, when five of the hypothesized mediators were included together in the same analysis, they explained more than two thirds of the association between childhood SES and depressive symptom burden reducing the P value for childhood SES to non-significance (P = 0.20). These results suggest that childhood SES influences midlife depressive symptom burden through a cluster of economic stress, limited social resources, and physical symptoms in adulthood.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kwon E, Park S. Heterogeneous Trajectories of Physical and Mental Health in Late Middle Age: Importance of Life-Course Socioeconomic Positions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14060582. [PMID: 28556801 PMCID: PMC5486268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on life course and cumulative disadvantage theory, this study examines heterogeneous trajectories of functional limitations and depressive symptoms among late middle-aged individuals. This study used prospective data from 6010 adults, 51 to 64 years old, collected over a 12-year-period from the Health and Retirement Study. Considering the empirical proposition that several physical and mental trajectories may exist, Latent Class Growth Modeling was used. Five heterogeneous patterns of joint trajectories (Relatively healthy, Moderately improving, Steadily deteriorating, Steeply deteriorating, and Persistently high comorbid) were identified. Early life adversity was related to an increasing risk of declines in physical and mental health. The Persistently high comorbid class was characterized by a concentration of disadvantages over the life course. The development of public health interventions could help reduce co-existing physical and mental health problems, especially during late middle-age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Kwon
- Center for Social Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sojung Park
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work at Washington University in One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sheikh MA, Abelsen B, Olsen JA. Differential Recall Bias, Intermediate Confounding, and Mediation Analysis in Life Course Epidemiology: An Analytic Framework with Empirical Example. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1828. [PMID: 27933010 PMCID: PMC5120115 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) affects adult mental health, general health, and well-being are not clear. Moreover, the analytical assumptions employed when assessing mediation in social and psychiatric epidemiology are rarely explained. The aim of this paper was to explain the intermediate confounding assumption, and to quantify differential recall bias in the association between CSES, childhood abuse, and mental health (SCL-10), general health (EQ-5D), and subjective well-being (SWLS). Furthermore, we assessed the mediating role of psychological and physical abuse in the association between CSES and mental health, general health, and well-being; and the influence of differential recall bias in the estimation of total effects, direct effects, and proportion of mediated effects. The assumptions employed when assessing mediation are explained with reference to a causal diagram. Poisson regression models (relative risk, RR and 99% CIs) were used to assess the association between CSES and psychological and physical abuse in childhood. Mediation analysis (difference method) was used to assess the indirect effect of CSES (through psychological and physical abuse in childhood) on mental health, general health, and well-being. Exposure (CSES) was measured at two time points. Mediation was assessed with both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Psychological abuse and physical abuse mediated the association between CSES and adult mental health, general health, and well-being (6–16% among men and 7–14% among women, p < 0.001). The results suggest that up to 27% of the association between CSES and childhood abuse, 23% of the association between childhood abuse, and adult mental health, general health, and well-being, and 44% of the association between CSES and adult mental health, general health, and well-being is driven by differential recall bias. Assessing mediation with cross-sectional data (exposure, mediator, and outcome measured at the same time) showed that the total effects and direct effects were vastly overestimated (biased upwards). Consequently, the proportion of mediated effects were underestimated (biased downwards). If there is a true (unobserved) direct or indirect effect, and the direction of the differential recall bias is predictable, then the results of cross-sectional analyses should be discussed in light of that.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashhood A Sheikh
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birgit Abelsen
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan Abel Olsen
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sheikh MA, Abelsen B, Olsen JA. Clarifying Associations between Childhood Adversity, Social Support, Behavioral Factors, and Mental Health, Health, and Well-Being in Adulthood: A Population-Based Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:727. [PMID: 27252668 PMCID: PMC4879780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that socio-demographic factors, childhood socioeconomic status (CSES), childhood traumatic experiences (CTEs), social support and behavioral factors are associated with health and well-being in adulthood. However, the relative importance of these factors for mental health, health, and well-being has not been studied. Moreover, the mechanisms by which CTEs affect mental health, health, and well-being in adulthood are not clear. Using data from a representative sample (n = 12,981) of the adult population in Tromsø, Norway, this study examines (i) the relative contribution of structural conditions (gender, age, CSES, psychological abuse, physical abuse, and substance abuse distress) to social support and behavioral factors in adulthood; (ii) the relative contribution of socio-demographic factors, CSES, CTEs, social support, and behavioral factors to three multi-item instruments of mental health (SCL-10), health (EQ-5D), and subjective well-being (SWLS) in adulthood; (iii) the impact of CTEs on mental health, health, and well-being in adulthood, and; (iv) the mediating role of adult social support and behavioral factors in these associations. Instrumental support (24.16%, p < 0.001) explained most of the variation in mental health, while gender (21.32%, p < 0.001) explained most of the variation in health, and emotional support (23.34%, p < 0.001) explained most of the variation in well-being. Psychological abuse was relatively more important for mental health (12.13%), health (7.01%), and well-being (9.09%), as compared to physical abuse, and substance abuse distress. The subjective assessment of childhood financial conditions was relatively more important for mental health (6.02%), health (10.60%), and well-being (20.60%), as compared to mother's and father's education. CTEs were relatively more important for mental health, while, CSES was relatively more important for health and well-being. Respondents exposed to all three types of CTEs had a more than two-fold increased risk of being mentally unhealthy (RR Total Effect = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.19-3.10), an 89% increased risk of being unhealthy (RR Total Effect = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.47-1.99), and a 42% increased risk of having a low level of well-being in adulthood (RR Total Effect = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.29-1.52). Social support and behavioral factors mediate 11-18% (p < 0.01) of these effects. The study advances the theoretical understanding of how CTEs influence adult mental health, health, and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashhood A Sheikh
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birgit Abelsen
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan A Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Ethno-linguistic Community and Premature Death: a Register-Based Study of Working-Aged Men in Finland. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2015; 3:373-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-015-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Thornquist E, Kirkengen AL. The quantified self: closing the gap between general knowledge and particular case? J Eval Clin Pract 2015; 21:398-403. [PMID: 25266335 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This paper addresses the movements 'evidence-based' (EBM) and 'personalized' (PM) medicine. The former is being criticized for failing to do justice to clinical complexity and human individuality. The latter aims at tailoring medical knowledge for every patient in a personalized fashion. Instrumental to this effort is the technological development engendering unlimited amounts of data about bodily fragments. The aim of this article is to stimulate a debate about the notion of the body and knowledge in medicine. METHODS An authentic sickness history is used as a vantage point for a more comprehensive account of biomedicine. RESULTS The analysis of the sickness history demonstrates how biomedical logic guided all approaches in the care for this particular patient. Each problem was identified and treated separately, whereby neglecting the interaction between body parts and systems, and between the woman's bodily condition and her experiences. The specialists involved seemed to look for phenomena that fit categories of disorders 'belonging' to their field. These approaches engendered unintended effects: chronification, poly-pharmacy and multi-morbidity, leading to an unsustainable increase in medical costs. CONCLUSIONS The article elucidates how the status that professionals ascribe to the body has vital implications for what they regard as relevant and how they interpret the information they have collected. On this ground, we challenge both the prevailing and tacitly accepted separation between the physical body and human experience and the view of knowledge underpinning EBM and PM. The growing molecularization of the body veils decisive sources of human illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Thornquist
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Nesttunhjørnet, Psychomotor Institute, Bergen, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sheikh MA, Abelsen B, Olsen JA. Role of respondents' education as a mediator and moderator in the association between childhood socio-economic status and later health and wellbeing. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1172. [PMID: 25404212 PMCID: PMC4289264 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most research assessing the effect of childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) on health in adulthood has focused on cause-specific mortality. Low CSES is associated with mortality from coronary heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases in adulthood. But little evidence is available on the unique effect of different indicators of CSES on subjective measures of health and wellbeing in adulthood. Methods Cross-sectional data from the last wave of The Tromsø Study (n = 12,984) was used to assess the unique effect of three indicators of CSES (childhood financial conditions, mothers’ education and fathers’ education) on a range of subjective health measures: EQ-5D health dimensions, self-rated health, age-comparative self-rated health, as well as subjective wellbeing. Data was analyzed with the Paramed command in Stata. Log-linear regression was used for the subjective measures of health and wellbeing to estimate the natural direct effects (NDE’s), natural indirect effects (NIE’s), controlled direct effects (CDE’s) and marginal total effects (MTE’s) as risk ratios (RRs). Results Low childhood financial conditions were associated with lower health and wellbeing in adulthood, independently of respondents’ education. Among men, Low childhood financial conditions increased the risk (NDE) of being unhealthy on the composite EQ-5D by 22% (RR 1.22, 95% 1.14-1.31) and on subjective wellbeing by 24% (RR 1.24, 95% 1.18-1.30), while for women the risk increased by 16% (RR 1.16, 95% 1.10-1.23) and 26% (RR 1.26, 95% 1.19-1.33), respectively. Among men, the NDE of low mothers’ education on age-comparative self-rated health increased by 9% (RR 1.09, 95% 1.01-1.16), while the NIE increased the risk by 3% (RR 1.03, 95% 1.01-1.04). The NDE of low mothers’ education increased the risk on anxiety/depression among women by 38% (RR 1.38, 95% 1.13-1.69), whereas the NIE increased the risk by 5% (RR 1.05, 95% 1.02-1.08). Conclusions Childhood financial conditions have a unique direct effect on a wide range of health and wellbeing measures. These findings apply to both men and women. Generally, parental education has an indirect effect on later health, but mothers’ education may also have a long-term direct effect on later health.
Collapse
|
22
|
Park AL, Fuhrer R, Quesnel-Vallée A. Parents' education and the risk of major depression in early adulthood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1829-39. [PMID: 23661148 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life low socioeconomic position (SEP) increases the risk of adult major depression; however, associations vary according to the measure of SEP and adults' life stage. Although maternal education often predicts offspring health better than other SEP indicators, including paternal education, it is unclear how maternal and paternal education differentially influence early-adult depression, and how early-life and adult risk factors may mediate the association. METHODS Longitudinal data come from the Canadian National Population Health Survey from 1994/1995 to 2006/2007, restricted to a sample (N = 1,267) that was aged 12-24 years in 1994/1995. Past-year major depressive episode (MDE) was assessed in 2004/2005 and 2006/2007 using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for Major Depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the association between both maternal and paternal education and MDE, adjusting for respondent's demographics, early-life adversities, adult SEP, psychosocial factors, and physical health. RESULTS Offsprings of mothers with less than secondary school education had higher odds of MDE (adjusted OR 2.04, 95 % CI 1.25-3.32) relative to those whose mothers had more education. Paternal education was not associated with MDE. Although adult income, student status, psychosocial stress, and several early-life adversities remained associated with MDE in the fully adjusted model, the estimate for maternal education was not reduced. CONCLUSIONS Maternal education was associated with MDE in early adulthood, independent of paternal education and other early-life and early-adult risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Park
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190, boulevard Crémazie Est, Montréal, Québec, H2P-1E2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lallukka T, Viikari-Juntura E, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Solovieva S. Childhood and adult socio-economic position and social mobility as determinants of low back pain outcomes. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:128-38. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Public Health; Hjelt Institute; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | | | - O.T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku; Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Turku University Hospital; Finland
| | - M. Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology; University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; Finland
| | - T. Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry; Fimlab Laboratories; Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine; University of Tampere; Finland
| | - J. Viikari
- Department of Medicine; University of Turku; Finland
- Turku University Hospital; Finland
| | - S. Solovieva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Hensing G, Westerlund H, Backheden M, Hammarström A. Determinants in adolescence for adult sickness absence in women and men: a 26-year follow-up of a prospective population based cohort (Northern Swedish cohort). BMC Public Health 2013; 13:75. [PMID: 23351779 PMCID: PMC3566932 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date little is known regarding how factors measured in adolescence predict sickness absence in adulthood, and whether different patterns of factors exist for women and men that could contribute to an explanation of adult gender differences in sickness absence. METHODS All pupils in the last year of compulsory school in the municipality of Luleå with complete information from surveys (questionnaires) in 1981 and 1983 (compulsory and upper-secondary schooling; 16 and 18 years of age, N=719) were followed with register data on medically certified sickness absence (1993-2007). Generalised linear models were applied to calculate Risk Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) comparing annual mean numbers of sickness absence spells in exposed versus unexposed groups. RESULTS In the multivariate model, the following factors were found to be predictive of future sickness absence in women: participating in an upper secondary school program in 1983 dominated by women (> 60%): 1.41 (95% CI 1.00 - 1.97); sometimes sickness absence from school in 1981: 1.60 (95% CI 1.18 - 2.17) and low parental socioeconomic status in 1981: 2.20 (95% CI 1.44 - 3.38). In men, low school grades in 1981: 4.36 (95% CI 2.06 - 9.22) and fathers not in gainful employment in 1981: 2.36 (95% CI 1.53 - 3.66) were predictive. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that sickness absence in adulthood is predicted by factors measured in adolescence. These predictors may differ for women and men. For women, early life absence and social environmental factors, for men low achievements at school and lack of employment of their father seem to be predictive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Social Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hugo Westerlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Backheden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Best friend's and family members’ smoking habits and parental divorce during childhood are associated with smoking in adulthood. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10199-012-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Smoking initiation during childhood or adolescence is strongly associated with friends’ smoking. Likewise, adverse living conditions increase the likelihood of future deviant behaviour. We examine whether smoking by a best friend and family members during school years as well as adverse childhood experiences are associated with smoking in adulthood. Data and Design We have analysed the responses of Finnish working-aged respondents in 1998 (N=25901) and 2003 (N=20773) to questions on the smoking status of friends and family members during school years as well as their answers on a six-item scale of childhood adversities. A case-control study design was used to compare current cigarette smokers (1998 and 2003) to non-smokers (1998 and 2003). Results If a best friend during school years was a smoker, the subject s odds ratio (OR) of being a smoker in adulthood was 4.43 among females and 3.91 among males compared to those with a non-smoking best friend in multivariate models adjusted for smoking by family members during school years and by six childhood adversities. These associations did not differ by age. Smoking in adulthood was associated with childhood adversities, most strongly with parental divorce or separation during the subjects’ school years. Conclusion Smoking by a best friend and parental divorce or separation during school years appears to be a strong factor of smoking in later life.
Collapse
|
26
|
Niedzwiedz CL, Katikireddi SV, Pell JP, Mitchell R. Life course socio-economic position and quality of life in adulthood: a systematic review of life course models. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:628. [PMID: 22873945 PMCID: PMC3490823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A relationship between current socio-economic position and subjective quality of life has been demonstrated, using wellbeing, life and needs satisfaction approaches. Less is known regarding the influence of different life course socio-economic trajectories on later quality of life. Several conceptual models have been proposed to help explain potential life course effects on health, including accumulation, latent, pathway and social mobility models. This systematic review aimed to assess whether evidence supported an overall relationship between life course socio-economic position and quality of life during adulthood and if so, whether there was support for one or more life course models. METHODS A review protocol was developed detailing explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, search terms, data extraction items and quality appraisal procedures. Literature searches were performed in 12 electronic databases during January 2012 and the references and citations of included articles were checked for additional relevant articles. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze extracted data and studies were categorized based on the life course model analyzed. RESULTS Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria and used data from 10 datasets and five countries. Study quality varied and heterogeneity between studies was high. Seven studies assessed social mobility models, five assessed the latent model, two assessed the pathway model and three tested the accumulation model. Evidence indicated an overall relationship, but mixed results were found for each life course model. Some evidence was found to support the latent model among women, but not men. Social mobility models were supported in some studies, but overall evidence suggested little to no effect. Few studies addressed accumulation and pathway effects and study heterogeneity limited synthesis. CONCLUSIONS To improve potential for synthesis in this area, future research should aim to increase study comparability. Recommendations include testing all life course models within individual studies and the use of multiple measures of socio-economic position and quality of life. Comparable cross-national data would be beneficial to enable investigation of between-country differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Niedzwiedz
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Srinivasa V Katikireddi
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Mitchell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McLaughlin KA, Breslau J, Green JG, Lakoma MD, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler RC. Childhood socio-economic status and the onset, persistence, and severity of DSM-IV mental disorders in a US national sample. Soc Sci Med 2011; 73:1088-96. [PMID: 21820781 PMCID: PMC3191493 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although significant associations between childhood socio-economic status (SES) and adult mental disorders have been widely documented, SES has been defined using several different indicators often considered alone. Little research has examined the relative importance of these different indicators in accounting for the overall associations of childhood SES with adult outcomes. Nor has previous research distinguished associations of childhood SES with first onsets of mental disorders in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood from those with persistence of these disorders into adulthood in accounting for the overall associations between childhood SES and adult mental disorders. Disaggregated data of this sort are presented here for the associations of childhood SES with a wide range of adult DSM-IV mental disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a nationally-representative sample of 5692 adults. Childhood SES was assessed retrospectively with information about parental education and occupation and childhood family financial adversity. Associations of these indicators with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders that included anxiety, mood, behavioral, and substance disorders at different life-course stages (childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, and mid-later adulthood) and the persistence/severity of these disorders were examined using discrete-time survival analysis. Lifetime disorders and their ages-of-onset were assessed retrospectively with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Different aspects of childhood SES predicted onset, persistence, and severity of mental disorders. Childhood financial hardship predicted onset of all classes of disorders at every life-course stage with odds-ratios (ORs) of 1.7-2.3. Childhood financial hardship was unrelated, in comparison, to disorder persistence or severity. Low parental education, although unrelated to disorder onset, significantly predicted disorder persistence and severity, whereas parental occupation was unrelated to onset, persistence, or severity. Some, but not all, of these associations were explained by other co-occurring childhood adversities. These specifications have important implications for mental health interventions targeting low-SES children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A McLaughlin
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Koskenvuo K, Hublin C, Partinen M, Paunio T, Koskenvuo M. Childhood adversities and quality of sleep in adulthood: A population-based study of 26,000 Finns. Sleep Med 2010; 11:17-22. [PMID: 19962937 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
Gienger C, Petermann F, Petermann U. Wie stark hängen die HAWIK-IV-Befunde vom Bildungsstand der Eltern ab? KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2008. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403.17.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Es wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Bildungsstand der Eltern und der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit des Kindes an zwei Stichproben untersucht. Die Stichproben bestehen aus jeweils 360 Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von sieben bis zehn Jahren (Stichprobe 1) und von elf bis 14 Jahren (Stichprobe 2). Der Bildungsstand wird über den formalen Bildungsabschluss der Mutter, des Vaters und des höchsten formalen Bildungsabschlusses in der Familie erfasst; die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit des Kindes wird anhand des HAWIK-IV erhoben. Es zeigen sich positive und fast ausnahmslos signifikante korrelative Zusammenhänge zwischen den drei Arten des erfassten Bildungsstandes und der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit des Kindes in beiden Altersgruppen, wobei altersspezifische Effekte zu verzeichnen sind. Unterschiede zwischen den zwei Stichproben sind ebenso bei einem Vergleich des mittleren Gesamt-IQ in den fünf Gruppen des höchsten familiären Bildungsabschlusses festzustellen. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der elterlichen Erziehungskompetenz diskutiert.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gienger
- Fakultät für Rehabilitationswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Dortmund
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Ulrike Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ek E, Koiranen M, Raatikka VP, Järvelin MR, Taanila A. Psychosocial factors as mediators between migration and subjective well-being among young Finnish adults. Soc Sci Med 2008; 66:1545-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
31
|
Laaksonen M, Silventoinen K, Martikainen P, Rahkonen O, Pitkäniemi J, Lahelma E. The Effects of Childhood Circumstances, Adult Socioeconomic Status, and Material Circumstances on Physical and Mental Functioning: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Ann Epidemiol 2007; 17:431-9. [PMID: 17395480 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to examine the importance of childhood circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material circumstances to physical and mental functioning among middle-aged women and men. METHODS The data were collected among the employees of the City of Helsinki by mailed questionnaires from 2000 to 2002 (7148 women and 1799 men, response rate 67%). Three latent variables covering childhood circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material circumstances were constructed from 10 observed socioeconomic indicators. Direct and indirect effects of the latent variables on physical and mental functioning, measured by the SF-36 component summaries, were examined using structural equation modelling. RESULTS Childhood circumstances were not directly associated with either physical or mental functioning but had some effect through socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status was associated with poor physical functioning, but mental functioning was poorer among those in higher positions. Material circumstances were associated with physical and especially with mental functioning. CONCLUSIONS Low socioeconomic status and material circumstances are both important for physical functioning. However, mental functioning does not necessarily follow a similar socioeconomic pattern and the results are heavily influenced by how socioeconomic position is measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Laaksonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Harkonmäki K, Korkeila K, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Suominen S, Sillanmäki L, Koskenvuo M. Childhood adversities as a predictor of disability retirement. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007; 61:479-84. [PMID: 17496255 PMCID: PMC2465717 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.052670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a large body of research on adulthood risk factors for retirement due to disability, but studies on the effect of adverse childhood experiences are scarce. AIM To examine whether adverse childhood experiences predict disability retirement. METHODS Data were derived from the Health and Social Support Study. The information was gathered from postal surveys in 1998 (baseline) and in 2003 (follow-up questionnaire). The analysed data consisted of 8817 non-retired respondents aged 40-54 years (5149 women, 3668 men). Negative childhood experiences, such as financial difficulties, serious conflicts and alcohol-related problems, were assessed at baseline and disability retirement at follow-up. RESULTS The risk of disability retirement increased in a dose-response manner with increasing number of childhood adversities. Respondents who had experienced multiple childhood adversities had a 3.46-fold increased risk (95% CI 2.09 to 5.71) of disability retirement compared with those who reported no such adversities. Low socioeconomic status, depression (Beck Depression Inventory-21), use of drugs for somatic diseases as well as health-related risk behaviour, such as smoking, heavy alcohol consumption and obesity, were also predictors of disability retirement. After simultaneous adjustments for all these risk factors, the association between childhood adversities and the risk of disability retirement attenuated, but remained significant (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.37). CONCLUSIONS Information on childhood conditions may increase our understanding of the determinants of early retirement, especially due to mental disorders. Childhood adversities should be taken into account when considering determinants of disability retirement and identifying groups at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Harkonmäki
- Department of Public Health, PO Box 41, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lallukka T, Laaksonen M, Rahkonen O, Roos E, Lahelma E. Multiple socio-economic circumstances and healthy food habits. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:701-10. [PMID: 17180154 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between seven indicators of socio-economic circumstances and healthy food habits, while taking into account assumed temporal order between these socio-economic indicators. DESIGN AND SETTING Data were derived from cross-sectional postal questionnaires in 2000-2002. Socio-economic circumstances were assessed by parental education, childhood economic difficulties, own education, occupational class, household income, home ownership and current economic difficulties. Healthy food habits were measured by an index consisting of consumption of fresh vegetables, fruit or berries, rye bread, fish and choosing vegetable fats on bread and oil in cooking. Sequential logistic regression models were used, adjusting for age and marital status. PARTICIPANTS Employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n=8960, aged 40-60 years). RESULTS Healthy food habits were reported by 28% of women and by 17% of men. Own education, occupational class, household income, home ownership and current economic difficulties were associated with healthy food habits. These associations were attenuated but mainly remained after mutual adjustments for the socio-economic indicators. Among women, a pathway was found suggesting that part of the effects of education on food habits were mediated through occupational class. CONCLUSIONS Employees in higher and lower socio-economic positions differ in their food habits, and those in lower positions and economically disadvantaged are less likely to report healthy food habits. Health promotion programmes and food policies should encourage healthier food choices among those in lower socio-economic positions and among those with economic difficulties in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Silventoinen K, Posthuma D, Lahelma E, Rose RJ, Kaprio J. Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Self-Rated Health from Age 16–25: A Longitudinal Study of Finnish Twins. Behav Genet 2006; 37:326-33. [PMID: 16906466 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-006-9096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed genetic and environmental determinants of self-rated health and its change from adolescence to early adulthood. Questionnaires were mailed to Finnish twins born 1975-1979 at ages 16, 17, 18 1/2 and, on average, 25 years of age (N=2465 complete twin pairs). The data were analyzed using quantitative genetic methods for twin data by the Mx statistical package. Heritability of self-rated health was greatest at age 16 (63%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 56-67%, men and women together) and declined steadily to age 25 (33%, 95% CI 25-41%). The residual variation was due to unshared environments. Health ratings at different ages were modestly correlated (r=0.33-0.61). These correlations were mainly due to genetic factors, but unshared environment also contributed to them. An important challenge for further research is to identify environmental influences contributing to self-rated health independently of, or in interaction with, genetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|