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Grigorian K, Östberg V, Raninen J, Brolin Låftman S. Loneliness, belonging and psychosomatic complaints across late adolescence and young adulthood: a Swedish cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:642. [PMID: 38424596 PMCID: PMC10903051 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and belonging refer to social connectedness and are associated with young people's health; however, the relationship between these constructs and their impact on health is still being discussed. A dual continuum model of belonging and loneliness has been suggested, consisting of four groups depending on the state of loneliness and belonging: socially fulfilled (low loneliness, high belonging), socially indifferent (low loneliness, low belonging), socially searching (high loneliness, high belonging), and socially distressed (high loneliness, low belonging). The aim of this study is to examine loneliness and belonging in a Swedish sample of 17-18-years-olds who were followed over 3 years, and the associations that these aspects share with young people's psychosomatic complaints during these ages. METHODS Swedish cohort data collected among late adolescents (age 17-18 in 2019) who were followed up in young adulthood (age 20-21 in 2022) (n = 2684) was used to examine the associations between loneliness, belonging, and psychosomatic complaints. Loneliness and belonging were measured by single items and the cross-combinations of these. Three psychosomatic complaints were assessed: stomach ache, headache, and difficulties falling asleep, and a summary index was calculated. RESULTS Linear regression analyses showed that loneliness was positively and belonging was negatively cross-sectionally associated with psychosomatic complaints. The socially fulfilled group reported fewer psychosomatic complaints compared to all other groups, while the socially distressed group reported the highest level of psychosomatic complaints. Additional adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics barely affected the estimates. The prospective analysis supported these patterns; however, after adjustment for earlier psychosomatic complaints, the only statistically significant difference in subsequent psychosomatic complaints was found between the socially fulfilled and the socially distressed groups. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and belonging (separately and the cross-combinations of these) were cross-sectionally associated with psychosomatic complaints in late adolescence and in young adulthood. Prospectively, only the most vulnerable group in the dual continuum model, the socially distressed group, experienced more psychosomatic complaints than the socially fulfilled group, indicating a temporal relationship. Knowledge about the more nuanced links may be useful for developing specific public health recommendations and interventions for youth, targeting the most vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Grigorian
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Grigorian K, Östberg V, Raninen J, Låftman SB. Parenting Practices and Psychosomatic Complaints Among Swedish Adolescents. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606580. [PMID: 38179321 PMCID: PMC10766014 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Parent-adolescent relationships play a crucial role in youth development. This study examines the associations between parenting practices (parental support, knowledge, and rule-setting) and psychosomatic complaints across middle and late adolescence. Methods: The study utilised data from a Swedish national cohort (n = 3,678). Participants completed self-report questionnaires in 2017 (∼15-16 years) and again in 2019 (∼17-18 years). Results: Parental support exhibited the strongest and most consistent inverse cross-sectional associations with psychosomatic complaints during both middle and late adolescence. Furthermore, increases in parental support and parental knowledge were associated with decreases in adolescent psychosomatic complaints. However, parental support and knowledge at age 15-16 were not prospectively associated with psychosomatic complaints at age 17-18. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of ongoing parental engagement, particularly in terms of providing constant support, throughout middle and late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Grigorian
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Grigorian K, Östberg V, Raninen J, Åhlén J, Brolin Låftman S. Prospective associations between psychosomatic complaints in adolescence and depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood: A Swedish national cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101509. [PMID: 37720821 PMCID: PMC10500464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosomatic complaints are reported by high shares of adolescents in Sweden and elsewhere. Yet, little is known about to the extent to which the frequency, number, and persistence of such complaints in adolescence are associated with subsequent mental health problems. The aim of this study was to examine how the frequency, number, and persistence of psychosomatic complaints in middle and late adolescence are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. Methods A Swedish national cohort study of adolescents who were surveyed in 2017 (t1; age 15-16), in 2019 (t2; age 17-18) and in 2022 (t3; age 20-21 years) was used. Psychosomatic complaints were measured by questions on stomach ache, headache and difficulties falling asleep at t1 and t2. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) at t3. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses stratified by gender were based on data from t1, t2 and t3 (n = 2779). Results The frequency, number, and persistence of psychosomatic complaints during adolescence were associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood. Both earlier (at t1 only) and more recent (at t2 only) complaints were linked to subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms, while persistent (at both t1 and t2) psychosomatic complaints showed stronger associations in girls. Conclusions Psychosomatic complaints in adolescence were associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood. This was true for the frequency, number, and persistence of psychosomatic complaints. Among girls, those who reported persistent psychosomatic complaints from middle to late adolescence had the highest likelihood of reporting subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms. Taken together, the results indicate that psychosomatic complaints during adolescence can translate into later depression and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, repeated measurements of psychosomatic complaints can be used to identify the most vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Grigorian
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Johan Åhlén
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Låftman SB, Östberg V, Raninen J. Trust and Psychosomatic Complaints in Adolescence: Findings From a Swedish Cohort Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606032. [PMID: 37885767 PMCID: PMC10598280 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between generalised and institutional trust and psychosomatic complaints in mid and late adolescence. Methods: Data were derived from the Swedish cohort study Futura01, using survey information collected amongst 3,691 grade 9 students (∼15-16 years, t1) who were followed-up 2 years later (∼17-18 years, t2). Registry information on sociodemographic characteristics was linked to the data. Linear regression analyses were performed. The longitudinal analyses applied the first difference (FD) approach as well as the lagged dependent variable (LDV) approach. Covariates included gender, family type, parental education, parental country of birth, and upper secondary programme. Results: Higher levels of generalised and institutional trust were cross-sectionally associated with lower levels of psychosomatic complaints at both time points. The FD analyses showed that increases in generalised and in institutional trust between ages 15-16 and 17-18 years were associated with corresponding decreases in psychosomatic complaints. The LDV analyses demonstrated reciprocal temporal associations between trust and psychosomatic complaints. Conclusion: The findings indicate that trust is a social determinant of psychosomatic complaints in adolescents, but also that health may affect trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ramberg J. The Association between Parental Support and Adolescents' Psychological Complaints: The Mediating Role of a Good School Climate. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070550. [PMID: 34201961 PMCID: PMC8303494 DOI: 10.3390/children8070550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parental support is an important factor affecting young people’s mental well-being, but the school climate also plays an important role. However, few studies have previously examined whether the school climate serves as a mediator for adolescents’ mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental support and students’ psychological complaints, while also examining the possible mediating role that a good school climate may have. Data derives from 5783 senior-level students (age 15–16) distributed over 152 school units in Stockholm municipality. Regression linear analysis was used for the analysis and Baron and Kenny’s four-step mediation model has been applied. Sobel’s test was conducted in order to test the significance of the mediation effect. The results show that there is a significant negative association between parental support and students’ psychological complaints, and that school climate has a mediating role in this association. It can be concluded that school climate has a partly mediating role in the association between parental support and students’ psychological complaints. Therefore, it seems important to develop the school climate in order to strengthen this source of support to reduce mental health problems among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joacim Ramberg
- Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, S-11419 Stockholm, Sweden
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Mental Health in Schoolchildren in Joint Physical Custody: A Longitudinal Study. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060473. [PMID: 34199778 PMCID: PMC8229623 DOI: 10.3390/children8060473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated mental health in schoolchildren in different living arrangements after parental separation. The study population included 31,519 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort, followed-up at age 11 in 2010–2014. Child mental health was measured with a maternal report of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Associations between living arrangements and mental health were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models, taking into account early childhood indicators of the parents’ relations, income, education and psychiatric care. At age 11, children living in a nuclear family had the lowest rate of total SDQ score, 8.9%. Of the children who had experienced parental separation, children in joint physical custody had the lowest adjusted odds ratio (OR)1.25 (95%-CI 1.09–1.44), for a high SDQ score relative to children living in a nuclear family, with adjusted ORs of 1.63 (1.42–1.86) and OR 1.72 (1.52–1.95) for sole physical custody arrangements with and without a new partner. An analysis of change in SDQ scores between ages 7 and 11 in children showed a similar pattern. This study indicates that joint physical custody is associated with slightly more favorable mental health in schoolchildren after parental separation than sole physical custody arrangements.
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Alm S, Låftman SB, Bohman H. Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient somatic care across the life course: Findings from a 1953 cohort. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100807. [PMID: 34027010 PMCID: PMC8122361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research has shown that poor family relations during upbringing have long-term detrimental effects on mental health. Few previous studies have, however, focused on somatic health outcomes and studies rarely cover the life span until retirement age. The aims of the current study were, firstly, to examine the association between poor family relationships in adolescence and in-patient somatic care across the life course whilst adjusting for confounders at baseline and concurrent psychiatric in-patient care; and secondly, to compare the risks of somatic and psychiatric in-patient care across the life course. Methods Prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study were used, with 2636 participants born in 1953 who were followed up until 2016. Information on family relationships was collected from the participants’ mothers in 1968. Annual information on in-patient somatic and psychiatric care was retrieved from official register data from 1969 to 2016. Results Poisson regressions showed that poor family relationships in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of in-patient somatic care in mid- and especially in late adulthood (ages 44–53 and 54–63 years), even when controlling for the co-occurrence of psychiatric illness and a range of childhood conditions. No statistically significant association was observed in early adulthood (ages 16–43 years), when controlling for confounders. These findings are in sharp contrast to the analyses of inpatient psychiatric care, according to which the association with poor family relations was strongest in early adulthood and thereafter attenuated across the life course. Conclusion Poor family relationships in adolescence are associated with an increased risk of severe consequences for somatic health lasting to late adulthood even when controlling for confounders including in-patient psychiatric care, emphasising the potentially important role of early interventions. Using longitudinal data, the article investigates long term health consequences of poor family relationships in adolescence. We find an association between poor relations and increased risk of in-patient somatic care in mid- and in late adulthood. Conversely, the association between poor family relations and an in-patient psychiatric care is strongest in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Alm
- Department of Criminology, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Bohman
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Akademiska University Hospital, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Garnow T, Einberg EL, Edberg AK, Garmy P. Sadness and Other Health Complaints among Swedish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3999. [PMID: 33920254 PMCID: PMC8069189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Health complaints are increasing among adolescents and are recognized as a global public health issue. Health complaints are an indicator for subjective ill-being, but little is known about the relationship between sadness and other health complaints. The aim of this study was to investigate sadness and other health complaints among Swedish adolescents. A survey with a cross-sectional design was completed by adolescents (n = 1489, 15-17 years old) in the south of Sweden. A logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sadness and other health complaints. The result show that sadness and other health complaints were common among adolescents, and sadness was related to health complaints (headache (OR: 1.58), sleeping difficulties (OR: 2.00), reduced appetite (OR: 1.43), tension (OR: 2.44), and concentration difficulties (OR: 2.75)). When adolescents express sadness or other health complaints it is important to reflect on what these complaints are an expression of, and take into account the body as physical and psychological intertwined. This might entail person-centered support that hopefully leads to an improvement in adolescents' well-being. Future research that profoundly highlights adolescents' existential health is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tide Garnow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden; (E.-L.E.); (A.-K.E.); (P.G.)
| | - Eva-Lena Einberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden; (E.-L.E.); (A.-K.E.); (P.G.)
| | - Anna-Karin Edberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden; (E.-L.E.); (A.-K.E.); (P.G.)
| | - Pernilla Garmy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden; (E.-L.E.); (A.-K.E.); (P.G.)
- WHO-CC (World Health Organization Collaborative Centre), Clinical Health Promotion Centre, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Grigaitytė I, Söderberg P. Why does perceived social support protect against somatic symptoms: Investigating the roles of emotional self-efficacy and depressive symptoms? NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.1902845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sibanda A, Batisai K. The intersections of identity, belonging and drug use disorder: struggles of male youth in post-apartheid South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.1899945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arina Sibanda
- Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kezia Batisai
- Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pursitasari I, Allenidekania A, Agustini N. Appreciation family support and the abilities of children with special needs to maintain personal hygiene: an Indonesian case study. Pediatr Rep 2020; 12:8700. [PMID: 32905081 PMCID: PMC7463146 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2020.8700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Family support is needed to empower children with special needs to maintain personal hygiene, includes information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support. The study design was cross-sectional, involving 84 parents of children with special needs. The study was conducted via the respondents filling out a questionnaire consisting of three sub-questionnaires. The results showed no relationship between the characteristics of children with special needs and personal hygiene; there was also no relationship between parental characteristics and personal hygiene (P>0.05). There was, however, a relationship between information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support and personal hygiene (P<0.005), the most influential support being appreciation support. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support and the ability of children with special needs to maintain their personal hygiene. The recommendations for future studies are different research methods to explore more about the types of family support.
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Herskovic V, Matamala M. Somatización, ansiedad y depresión en niños y adolescentes. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Fradelos EC, Kapsiocha E, Tzavella F, Kastanidou S, Tsaras K, Papagiannis D, Papathanasiou IV. Factors Associated with Psychological Distress in University Students and the Relation to Emotional Intelligent and Spirituality: a Cross-sectional Study. Mater Sociomed 2020; 31:262-267. [PMID: 32082090 PMCID: PMC7007606 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2019.31.262-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Psychological health is the expression of harmonic expression of human’s personality and is often disrupted by multiple factors. Especially during academic years, human has to confront various stressful situations that endanger his Psychological health. Enhanced levels of Emotional Intelligence and Spirituality may act protectively enhancing his ability to manipulate his emotions and his existential anxieties. Aim: The present study aims to assess psychological distress in university students and test if emotional intelligence and spirituality are related. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample comprised 206 students attending in different Departments of the University of Thessaly. Results: From the total of 206 students the majority were women (n=157, 76,2%) while 23,8% were men. Regarding the mean of age of the participants was found to be 30.1 ±7.15 with a minimum 18 and maximum at 44 years. Factors such as gender, living arrangement and financial frustration can affect psychological distress. The results indicated, a positive link was found among Emotional Intelligence and various factors of Spirituality and Psychological health. Conclusions: The contribution of Emotional Intelligence and Spirituality is crucial to the acquisition of well-being, happiness and meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos C Fradelos
- Psychiatric Department, "Sotiria" Athens General Hospital for Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | | | - Foteini Tzavella
- Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
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R. Subramaniam SD, Sumari M, Md Khalid N. Surviving the break-up: teenagers’ experience in maintaining wellness and well-being after parental divorce. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2019.1702069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melati Sumari
- Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vaičiūnas T, Šmigelskas K. The Role of School-Related Well-Being for Adolescent Subjective Health Complaints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1577. [PMID: 31064078 PMCID: PMC6540129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the prevalence of chronic specific-site and multisite pain in adolescents and to investigate how it can possibly be determined by school-related factors. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in Lithuania as a Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey. The sample consisted of 5730 school children, aged 11, 13, and 15 years. The analyzed data focused on the school-related context (relations with family, peers, and teachers; school demand, satisfaction, and bullying) of adolescents and subjective health complaints. The relationships between social support and health complaint variables were estimated using multivariate analyses. RESULTS The most common subjective health complaint among respondents was a headache. Backache, headache, and stomachache were more common among girls than boys. All somatic complaints were expressed more in younger ages. Multisite complaints were more common among girls and were associated with age-older ones reported more complaints. School-related bullying, school demand, satisfaction, and social support were the most relevant and independent factors for multisite somatic complaints among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vaičiūnas
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kastytis Šmigelskas
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Bohman H, Låftman SB, Cleland N, Lundberg M, Päären A, Jonsson U. Somatic symptoms in adolescence as a predictor of severe mental illness in adulthood: a long-term community-based follow-up study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018; 12:42. [PMID: 30123319 PMCID: PMC6090675 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-018-0245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic symptoms are common and costly for society and correlate with suffering and low functioning. Nevertheless, little is known about the long-term implications of somatic symptoms. The objective of this study was to assess if somatic symptoms in adolescents with depression and in their matched controls predict severe mental illness in adulthood by investigating the use of hospital-based care consequent to different mental disorders. METHODS The entire school population of 16-17-year-olds in the city of Uppsala, Sweden, was screened for depression in 1991-1993 (n = 2300). Adolescents with positive screenings (n = 307) and matched non-depressed controls (n = 302) participated in a semi-structured diagnostic interview for mental disorders. In addition, 21 different self-rated somatic symptoms were assessed. The adolescents with depression and the matched non-depressed controls were engaged in follow-up through the National Patient Register 17-19 years after the baseline study (n = 375). The outcome measures covered hospital-based mental health care for different mental disorders according to ICD-10 criteria between the participants' ages of 18 and 35 years. RESULTS Somatic symptoms were associated with an increased risk of later hospital-based mental health care in general in a dose-response relationship when adjusting for sex, adolescent depression, and adolescent anxiety (1 symptom: OR = 1.63, CI 0.55-4.85; 2-4 symptoms: OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.04-7.39; ≥ 5 symptoms: OR = 5.75, 95% CI 1.98-16.72). With regards to specific diagnoses, somatic symptoms predicted hospital-based care for mood disorders when adjusting for sex, adolescent depression, and adolescent anxiety (p < 0.05). In adolescents with depression, somatic symptoms predicted later hospital-based mental health care in a dose-response relationship (p < 0.01). In adolescents without depression, reporting at least one somatic symptom predicted later hospital-based mental health care (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Somatic symptoms in adolescence predicted severe adult mental illness as measured by hospital-based care also when controlled for important confounders. The results suggest that adolescents with somatic symptoms need early treatment and extended follow-up to treat these specific symptoms, regardless of co-occurring depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bohman
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Akademiska University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset/Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara B. Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neil Cleland
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset/Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aivar Päären
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jonsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s & Children’s Health, Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Karolinska Institutet, CAP Research Center, Gävlegatan 22B, Floor 8, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
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Bullying as a Stressor in Mid-Adolescent Girls and Boys-Associations with Perceived Stress, Recurrent Pain, and Salivary Cortisol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020364. [PMID: 29461468 PMCID: PMC5858433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bullying involves repeated exposure to negative actions while also invoking a power asymmetry between the involved parties. From a stress perspective, being bullied can be seen as a severe and chronic stressor, and an everyday social-evaluative threat, coupled with a shortage of effective social resources for dealing with this particular stressor. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to bullying among mid-adolescent girls and boys is associated with subjective and objective stress-related outcomes in terms of perceived stress, recurrent pain, and salivary cortisol. The data came from the School Stress and Support Study (TriSSS) including students in grades 8-9 in two schools in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2010 (study sample n = 392; cortisol subsample n = 198). Bullying was self-reported and measured by multiple items. The statistical analyses included binary logistic and linear (OLS) regression. Being bullied was associated with greater perceived stress and an increased risk of recurrent pain, among both boys and girls. Also, bullied students had lower cortisol output (AUCG) and lower cortisol awakening response (CARG) as compared to those who were not bullied. Gender-stratified analyses demonstrated that these associations were statistically significant for boys but not for girls. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that being bullied was related to both subjective and objective stress markers among mid-adolescent girls and boys, pointing to the necessity of continuously working against bullying.
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Låftman SB, Fransson E, Modin B, Östberg V. National data study showed that adolescents living in poorer households and with one parent were more likely to be bullied. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:2048-2054. [PMID: 28727173 PMCID: PMC5697694 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to assess whether sociodemographic household characteristics were associated with which Swedish adolescents were more likely to be bullied. Methods The data were derived from the Swedish Living Conditions Survey and its child supplements from the survey years 2008–2011. The analyses included information on 3951 adolescents aged 10–18 years. Exposure to bullying was reported by adolescents, and information on sociodemographic household characteristics was reported by parents and obtained from official registers. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results Adolescents were more likely to be bullied if they lived in households with no cash margin, defined as the ability to pay an unexpected bill of 8000 Swedish Kronor or about 800 Euros, and if they lived with just one custodial parent. In the unadjusted analyses, elevated risks were identified if adolescents lived in working class households and had unemployed and foreign‐born parents. However, these associations were at least partly accounted for by other sociodemographic household characteristics, in particular the lack of a cash margin. Conclusion This study showed that Swedish adolescents living in households with more limited financial resources had an increased risk of being bullied, supporting results from previous international research.
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Affiliation(s)
- SB Låftman
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS); Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - E Fransson
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS); Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - B Modin
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS); Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - V Östberg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS); Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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Peer Victimization among Classmates-Associations with Students' Internalizing Problems, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101218. [PMID: 29027932 PMCID: PMC5664719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bullying is a major problem in schools and a large number of studies have demonstrated that victims have a high excess risk of poor mental health. It may however also affect those who are not directly victimized by peers. The present study investigates whether peer victimization among classmates is linked to internalizing problems, self-esteem, and life satisfaction at the individual level, when the student’s own victimization has been taken into account. The data were derived from the first wave of the Swedish part of Youth in Europe Study (YES!), including information on 4319 students in grade 8 (14–15 years of age) distributed across 242 classes. Results from multilevel analyses show a significant association between classes with a high proportion of students being victimized and higher levels of internalizing problems, lower self-esteem, and lower life satisfaction at the student level. This association holds when the student’s own victimization has been taken into account. This suggests that peer victimization negatively affects those who are directly exposed, as well as their classmates. We conclude that efficient methods and interventions to reduce bullying in school are likely to benefit not only those who are victimized, but all students.
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Låftman SB, Magnusson C. Do health complaints in adolescence negatively predict the chance of entering tertiary education in young adulthood? Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:878-885. [PMID: 28699425 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817713649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported psychological and psychosomatic health complaints, such as nervousness, sadness, headache and stomach-ache, are common among adolescents, particularly among girls, and studies suggest that the prevalence has risen among adolescent girls during the last few decades. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the potential long-term consequences of such health complaints. The aim of the current study was to assess whether psychological and psychosomatic health complaints in adolescence predict the chance of entering tertiary education in young adulthood among women and men. METHODS The data used are from the Swedish Young-LNU, which is based on a nationally representative sample with self-reported survey information from adolescents aged 10-18 years in 2000 and from the same individuals at ages 20-28 in 2010 ( n=783). Information was also collected from parents and from official registers. RESULTS Linear probability models showed that self-reported psychological complaints in adolescence were associated with a lower chance of having entered tertiary education 10 years later. This association was accounted for by differences in grade point average (GPA), suggesting that GPA may mediate the association between psychological complaints and later education. The pattern was similar for both genders. Furthermore, among men, psychosomatic complaints in adolescence were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of having entered tertiary education 10 years later when adjusting for GPA and social class in adolescence. A similar but non-significant tendency was found among women. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that health complaints in adolescence may have long-term consequences in terms of lower educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Låftman
- 1 Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Magnusson
- 2 Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kjellström J, Modin B, Almquist YB. Support From Parents and Teachers in Relation to Psychosomatic Health Complaints Among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:478-487. [PMID: 28876523 PMCID: PMC5434797 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the relative contribution of parental and teacher support to adolescents' psychosomatic health complaints, with a particular focus on gender and age differences. Based on a survey of 49,172 ninth- and eleventh-grade students in Stockholm (2006-2014), structural equation modeling results demonstrated negative associations between parental and teacher support on psychosomatic health complaints. Parental support had a stronger association with the outcome among girls than boys. It was also more important than teacher support for psychosomatic health complaints. Parental support was more important for younger girls' health compared to older girls, with opposite patterns for teacher support. These findings highlight the need to consider gender and age to understand the links between social support and health during adolescence.
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Bohman H, Låftman SB, Päären A, Jonsson U. Parental separation in childhood as a risk factor for depression in adulthood: a community-based study of adolescents screened for depression and followed up after 15 years. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:117. [PMID: 28356107 PMCID: PMC5370459 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier research has investigated the association between parental separation and long-term health outcomes among offspring, but few studies have assessed the potentially moderating role of mental health status in adolescence. The aim of this study was to analyze whether parental separation in childhood predicts depression in adulthood and whether the pattern differs between individuals with and without earlier depression. METHODS A community-based sample of individuals with adolescent depression in 1991-93 and matched non-depressed peers were followed up using a structured diagnostic interview after 15 years. The participation rate was 65% (depressed n = 227; non-depressed controls n = 155). Information on parental separation and conditions in childhood and adolescence was collected at baseline. The outcome was depression between the ages 19-31 years; information on depression was collected at the follow-up diagnostic interview. The statistical method used was binary logistic regression. RESULTS Our analyses showed that depressed adolescents with separated parents had an excess risk of recurrence of depression in adulthood, compared with depressed adolescents with non-separated parents. In addition, among adolescents with depression, parental separation was associated with an increased risk of a switch to bipolar disorder in adulthood. Among the matched non-depressed peers, no associations between parental separation and adult depression or bipolar disorder were found. CONCLUSIONS Parental separation may have long-lasting health consequences for vulnerable individuals who suffer from mental illness already in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bohman
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aivar Päären
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jonsson
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Fransson E, Låftman SB, Östberg V, Hjern A, Bergström M. The Living Conditions of Children with Shared Residence - the Swedish Example. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2017; 11:861-883. [PMID: 29755610 PMCID: PMC5937859 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-017-9443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among children with separated parents, shared residence - i.e., joint physical custody where the child is sharing his or her time equally between two custodial parents' homes - is increasing in many Western countries and is particularly common in Sweden. The overall level of living among children in Sweden is high; however, the potential structural differences between children in various post-separation family arrangements have not been sufficiently studied. Potential risks for children with shared residence relate to the daily hassles and stress when having two homes. This study aims at investigating the living conditions of children with shared residence compared with children living with two custodial parents in the same household and those living with one custodial parent, respectively. Swedish national survey data collected from children aged 10-18 years (n ≈ 5000) and their parents were used. The outcomes were grouped into: Economic and material conditions, Social relations with parents and peers, Health and health behaviors, Working conditions and safety in school and in the neighborhood, and Culture and leisure time activities. Results from a series of linear probability models showed that most outcomes were similar for children with shared residence and those living with two custodial parents in the same household, while several outcomes were worse for children living with one parent. However, few differences due to living arrangements were found regarding school conditions. This study highlights the inequalities in the living conditions of Swedish children, with those living with one parent having fewer resources compared with other children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fransson
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, CHESS, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, CHESS, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, CHESS, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjern
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, CHESS, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Bergström
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, CHESS, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Schwab S. Erfassung von sozialer Partizipation – Übereinstimmung zwischen Selbst- und Fremdsicht von Schülern mitundohne sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PADAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1024/1010-0652/a000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, ob Schüler mit sonderpädagogischem Förderbedarf (SPF) im Vergleich zu Schülern ohne SPF weniger Interaktionen und Freundschaften mit ihren Peers haben. Zudem stand die Übereinstimmung zwischen der Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung der sozialen Partizipation im Fokus. Als Untersuchungsgrundlage wurden die Daten von 616 Schülern der 4. und 7. Schulstufe analysiert, darunter auch jene von 129 Schülern mit SPF. Die Interaktionen wurden, im Hinblick auf die Häufigkeit von Pausenkontakten mit allen Peers, anhand eines soziometrischen Ratings operationalisiert. Für die Operationalisierung der Freundschaft wurden soziometrische Nennungen ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten erwartungsgemäß, dass Schüler mit SPF in beiden Bereichen der sozialen Partizipation geringere Werte erzielten. Dies gilt sowohl für die Selbst- als auch für die Peerratings der Interaktionen und die Anzahl der Freundschaften. Darüber hinaus war die Übereinstimmung zwischen Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung zur sozialen Partizipation bei Schülern mit SPF geringer als bei den Peers ohne SPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schwab
- Vertretung der Professur Empirische Schulforschung mit dem Schwerpunkt Schul- und Unterrichtsentwicklung, Integration, Didaktik, Schultheorie, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Erziehungswissenschaft/AG 4, Schulentwicklung und Schulforschung
- Extraordinary Researcher in the Research Focus Area Optentia, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Fridh M, Lindström M, Rosvall M. Subjective health complaints in adolescent victims of cyber harassment: moderation through support from parents/friends - a Swedish population-based study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:949. [PMID: 26399422 PMCID: PMC4581473 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Victimization in cyberspace has emerged as a new public health issue among the young. The main purpose of this study was to analyze associations between cyber victimization defined as cyber harassment (CH) (a somewhat broader concept than cyberbullying) and subjective health complaints (SHC), to study whether these associations were modified by parental/friend support (measured as communication), and to explore the influence of traditional bullying victimization (TBV) on the association between CH and SHC. Methods The study population consisted of 8544 students in 9th grade (around 15 years old) who participated in the 2012 Scania public health survey of children and adolescents. The survey was a cross-sectional total-population study conducted in school, with a response rate of 83 %. Main and interaction (stress-buffering) effects of social support on the relationship between CH and SCH were investigated by hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders, including TBV. Results The past-year prevalence of CH (once or several times) was 14 % among boys and 20 % among girls. Having been cyber harassed once or several times during the past year was associated with higher levels of SHC, controlling for age, parental occupation, parental origin, daily smoking, intense alcohol consumption, and disability. Among both boys and girls, the associations were stronger for CH occurring several times than for CH occurring only once. Main effects of parental/friend support were seen for both boys and girls, while stress-buffering effects were indicated for boys only. Additional analysis further adjusting for TBV did not change the associations substantially, indicating that CH has an effect of its own on SHC. Conclusion Intervention programs aimed at improving the quality of peer and family relationships among children and adolescents might reduce the incidence of both cyber harassment and traditional bullying and lower the prevalence of psychosomatic complaints. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2239-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fridh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Health Policy, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Martin Lindström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Health Policy, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University School of Economics and Management, SE-220 07, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Maria Rosvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Health Policy, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University School of Economics and Management, SE-220 07, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate weight concerns among adolescent boys and relationships with health indicators and family factors. DESIGN Analysis of the 2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey of 10-17-year-olds. SETTING Schools in the Republic of Ireland. RESULTS Among 6187 boys, 25.1% reported a desire to lose weight (weight 'loss' concern) and 7.7% reported a desire to gain weight (weight 'gain' concern). Both types of weight concerns were associated with poor self-rated health, life satisfaction and happiness, and with more frequent emotional and physical symptoms. Family factors were associated with boys' weight concerns. In adjusted analyses, the risk of weight 'loss' concerns decreased with daily family breakfasts (OR=0.80; 95% CI 0.66, 0.97). The risk of weight 'gain' concerns decreased with frequent family evening meals (OR=0.77; 95% CI 0.60, 0.99). Ease of communication with mother was associated with a decreased risk of weight 'loss' and weight 'gain' concerns among boys (OR=0.74; 95% CI 0.60, 0.90 and OR=0.61; 95% CI 0.44, 0.82, respectively). An open father-son relationship and having a father present in the home decreased the risk of weight 'loss' concerns (OR=0.69; 95% CI 0.57, 0.82 and OR=0.81; 95% CI 0.67, 0.98, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Body weight concerns were reported by a sizeable minority of boys and were associated with negative health outcomes. The findings support the need to promote frequent family meals and facilitate open communication in families.
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Einberg EL, Lidell E, Clausson EK. Awareness of demands and unfairness and the importance of connectedness and security: Teenage girls' lived experiences of their everyday lives. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2015; 10:27653. [PMID: 26084273 PMCID: PMC4471215 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v10.27653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated that stress and mental health problems have increased among adolescents and especially among girls, although little is still known concerning what girls experience in their everyday lives. The aim of this study was to describe the phenomenon of teenage girls’ everyday lives, as experienced by the girls themselves. A phenomenological approach of reflective lifeworld research was used, and the findings are based on eight qualitative interviews with girls aged 13–16 years. The essence of teenage girls’ everyday lives as experienced by the girls themselves can be described as consciousness regarding demands and unfairness and regarding the importance of connectedness and security. The girls are aware of the demands of appearance and success, and they are conscious of the gender differences in school and in the media that affect them. The girls are also conscious about the meaning of connectedness with friends and family, as well as the importance of the security of their confidence in friends and feeling safe where they stay. If teenage girls feel connected and secure, protective factors in the form of manageability and meaningfulness can act as a counterweight to the demands and unfairness of everyday life. For professionals who work with teenage girls, the results from this study can be important in their work to support these girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lena Einberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden;
| | - Evy Lidell
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Eva K Clausson
- Department of Health Science, School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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Landstedt E, Hammarström A, Winefield H. How well do parental and peer relationships in adolescence predict health in adulthood? Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:460-8. [PMID: 25816863 DOI: 10.1177/1403494815576360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although health effects of social relationships are well-researched, long-term health consequences of adolescent family as well as peer relationships are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to explore the prospective importance of parental and peer social relationships in adolescence on internalising and functional somatic symptoms in adulthood. METHODS Data were drawn from four waves of the Northern Swedish Cohort Study, response rate 94.3%, N=1001. Outcome variables were internalising and functional somatic symptoms at the ages of 21, 30 and 42. Relationship variables at age 16 were poor parental contact and three indicators of poor peer relationships. Associations were assessed in multivariate ordinal logistic regressions with adjustment for confounders and baseline health. RESULTS Results show that the main relationships-related predictors of adult internalising symptoms were self-rated poor peer relationships in terms of spending time alone during after-school hours and poor parental relationship. Functional somatic symptoms on the other hand were most strongly associated with poor parental contact and not being happy with classmates at age 16. CONCLUSIONS The quality of parental and peer relationships in adolescence predicts adult mental and functional somatic health as much as 26 years later, even when accounting for confounders and adolescent symptomatology. This study extends past research by exploring how both adolescent parental and peer relationships (self-reported as well as teacher reported) predict adult self-reported health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Landstedt
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Social Medicine, Umeå University, Norrland University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Anne Hammarström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Social Medicine, Umeå University, Norrland University Hospital, Sweden
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Larsson M, Sundler AJ, Ekebergh M, Björk M. Altering the Parenting Role: Parents’ Experience of Supporting the Health and Well-Being of Their Adolescent Girls. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-014-9287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Bergström M, Fransson E, Hjern A, Köhler L, Wallby T. Mental health in Swedish children living in joint physical custody and their parents' life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study. Scand J Psychol 2014; 55:433-9. [PMID: 25040954 PMCID: PMC4282795 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the psychological symptoms of 129 children in joint physical custody with children in single care and nuclear families, using a nationally representative 2011 survey of 1,297 Swedish children aged between four and 18 years. The outcome measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and its association with three dimensions of parental life satisfaction was investigated. Linear regression analyses showed higher SDQ-scores for children in joint physical custody (B = 1.4, p < 0.001) and single care (B = 2.2, p < 0.001) than in nuclear families, after adjustment for socio-demographic variables. The estimates decreased to 1.1 and 1.3, respectively, after being adjusted for parental life satisfaction ( p < 0.01). Our findings confirm previous research that showed lower symptom scores for children in nuclear families than children in single care and joint physical custody. Parental life satisfaction should be investigated further as a possible explanation of differences in symptom load between children in different living arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bergström
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Plenty S, Ostberg V, Almquist YB, Augustine L, Modin B. Psychosocial working conditions: an analysis of emotional symptoms and conduct problems amongst adolescent students. J Adolesc 2014; 37:407-17. [PMID: 24793388 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explored how psychosocial features of the schoolwork environment are associated with students' mental health. Data was drawn from 3699 ninth grade (15 year-old) Swedish students participating in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey. Using Structural Equation Modelling, perceived school demands, decision control and social support from teachers, classmates and parents were examined in relation to students' emotional and conduct problems. Higher demands were associated with greater emotional symptoms and conduct problems. Although weaker social support predicted emotional symptoms and conduct problems, the relative influence of teachers, classmates and parents differed. Teacher support was more closely associated with conduct problems, particularly for girls, while classmate support was more strongly related to emotional symptoms. The findings indicate that while excessive school pressure is associated with poorer mental health, social support can assist in optimising adolescents' emotional health and adaptive behaviour, as well as shaping perceptions of demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Plenty
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Viveca Ostberg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva B Almquist
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilly Augustine
- Swedish National Institute of Public Health (FHI), SE-831 40 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Bitte Modin
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Låftman SB, Bergström M, Modin B, Östberg V. Joint physical custody, turning to parents for emotional support, and subjective health: A study of adolescents in Stockholm, Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2014; 42:456-62. [PMID: 24662307 DOI: 10.1177/1403494814526798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Among children with separated parents, the arrangement of joint physical custody, i.e. children living equally much in both parents' homes, has increased substantially during the last decades in Sweden. To date, empirical research on the living conditions of this group is limited. This study analyses family type differences in turning to parents for emotional support and in subjective health among adolescents. The focus of the study is adolescents in joint physical custody, who are compared with those living with two original parents in the same household; those living (only) in a single-parent household; and those living (only) in a reconstituted family. METHODS The data come from the Stockholm School Survey of 2004, a total population survey of students in grade 9 (15-16 years) in Stockholm (n=8,840). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were conducted. RESULTS Turning to both parents about problems is most commonly reported by adolescents in intact families, followed by those in joint physical custody. Adolescents in non-traditional family types report worse subjective health than adolescents in intact families, but the difference is smaller for those in joint physical custody than for those living with a single parent. The slightly poorer health of adolescents in joint physical custody than those in intact families is not explained by their lower use of parents as a source of emotional support. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that joint physical custody is associated with a higher inclination to use parents as a source of emotional support and better subjective health than other post-divorce family types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brolin Låftman
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Bergström
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bitte Modin
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveca Östberg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Petanidou D, Daskagianni E, Dimitrakaki C, Kolaitis G, Tountas Y. The role of perceived well-being in the family, school and peer context in adolescents' subjective health complaints: evidence from a Greek cross-sectional study. Biopsychosoc Med 2013; 7:17. [PMID: 24283390 PMCID: PMC4175490 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0759-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence children are usually confronted with an expanding social arena. Apart from families, schools and neighbourhoods, peers, classmates, teachers, and other adult figures gain increasing importance for adolescent socio-emotional adjustment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which Greek adolescents' perceived well-being in three main social contexts (family, school and peers) predicted self-reported Subjective Health Complaints. METHODS Questionnaires were administered to a Greek nation-wide, random, school-based sample of children aged 12-18 years in 2003. Data from 1.087 adolescents were analyzed. A hierarchical regression model with Subjective Health Complaints as the outcome variable was employed in order to i) control for the effects of previously well-established demographic factors (sex, age and subjective economic status) and ii) to identify the unique proportion of variance attributed to each context. Bivariate correlations and multicollinearity were also explored. RESULTS As hypothesized, adolescents' perceived well-being in each of the three social contexts appeared to hold unique proportions of variance in self-reported Subjective Health Complaints, after controlling for the effects of sex, age and subjective economic status. In addition, our final model confirmed that the explained variance in SHC was accumulated from each social context studied. The regression models were statistically significant and explained a total of approximately 24% of the variance in Subjective Health Complaints. CONCLUSIONS Our study delineated the unique and cumulative contributions of adolescents' perceived well-being in the family, school and peer setting in the explanation of Subjective Health Complaints. Apart from families, schools, teachers and peers appear to have a salient role in adolescent psychosomatic adjustment. A thorough understanding of the relationship between adolescents' Subjective Health Complaints and perceived well-being in their social contexts could not only lead to more effective tailored initiatives, but also to promote a multi- and inter-disciplinary culture in adolescent psychosomatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Petanidou
- Centre for Health Services Research, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, 25 Alexandroupoleos str., Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelie Daskagianni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, 25 Alexandroupoleos str., Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christine Dimitrakaki
- Centre for Health Services Research, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, 25 Alexandroupoleos str., Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Greece. Thivon and Papadiamantopoulou, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Yannis Tountas
- Centre for Health Services Research, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, 25 Alexandroupoleos str., Athens 11527, Greece
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Nygren K, Bergström E, Janlert U, Nygren L. Adolescent self-reported health in relation to school factors: a multilevel analysis. J Sch Nurs 2013; 30:114-22. [PMID: 23674554 DOI: 10.1177/1059840513489709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine school-related determinants of self-reported health among adolescents. Questionnaire survey data comprising 4,972 students, Grades 7 through 9, from 20 schools in northern Sweden were used. Also, complimentary data about each school were collected from the Swedish National Agency for Education. Using multilevel logistic regression analyses, results showed that most variation in self-reported health was explained by individual-level differences. Truancy, bullying, and poor relations with teachers significantly increased the odds ratio of reporting poor general health, for boys and for girls. Most variables at the school level, for example, school size and student-teacher ratio, did not render significant associations with students' self-reported health. In conclusion, this study indicates that health promotion at school, including school health services, may benefit from focusing primarily on individual-level determinants of health, that is, students' relations to peers and teachers, without ignoring that bullying and weak student-teacher relationships also may induce school-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Nygren
- 1Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ekmann A, Avlund K, Osler M, Lund R. Do negative aspects of social relations influence fatigue? A cross-sectional study on a non-clinical sample of middle-aged Danish men. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:277-82. [PMID: 22980533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue is a common complaint among young and old adults and may be associated with negative aspects of social relations. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the association between demands from and conflicts with different sources of social relations and fatigue. METHODS The study was based on sub-populations of the 6292 members of the Danish Metropolit Cohort. The cohort comprises men born in 1953 in the Copenhagen Metropolitan area who participated in a questionnaire survey in 2004. Data were analysed using χ(2)-tests and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The results showed that demands from and conflicts with children were independently associated with fatigue in a dose-response pattern. The adjusted odds ratio for fatigue was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.01-2.17) when the men experienced frequent demands from children and 1.89 (95% CI: 1.17-3.06) when they had frequent conflicts with their children. Crude analyses of demands from or conflicts with spouse, relatives or friends, respectively showed associations with fatigue compared to no demands or no conflicts. However, adjustment for depression and physical chronic disease cancelled out these associations. CONCLUSION We concluded that middle-aged Danish men, who had frequent negative social interactions with their children, more frequently experienced fatigue. However, negative social interactions with spouse, relatives or friends were not associated with fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Ekmann
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gustafsson PE, Janlert U, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Hammarström A. Do peer relations in adolescence influence health in adulthood? Peer problems in the school setting and the metabolic syndrome in middle-age. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39385. [PMID: 22761778 PMCID: PMC3384652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of social relations for health has been demonstrated in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, few studies have examined the prospective importance of peer relations for adult health. The aim of this study was to examine whether peer problems in the school setting in adolescence relates to the metabolic syndrome in middle-age. Participants came from the Northern Swedish Cohort, a 27-year cohort study of school leavers (effective n = 881, 82% of the original cohort). A score of peer problems was operationalized through form teachers' assessment of each student's isolation and popularity among school peers at age 16 years, and the metabolic syndrome was measured by clinical measures at age 43 according to established criteria. Additional information on health, health behaviors, achievement and social circumstances were collected from teacher interviews, school records, clinical measurements and self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression was used as the main statistical method. Results showed a dose-response relationship between peer problems in adolescence and metabolic syndrome in middle-age, corresponding to 36% higher odds for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 for each SD higher peer problems score at age 16. The association remained significant after adjustment for health, health behaviors, school adjustment or family circumstances in adolescence, and for psychological distress, health behaviors or social circumstances in adulthood. In analyses stratified by sex, the results were significant only in women after adjustment for covariates. Peer problems were significantly related to all individual components of the metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that unsuccessful adaption to the school peer group can have enduring consequences for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per E Gustafsson
- Family Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Aberg Yngwe M, Ostberg V. The family's economic resources and adolescents' health complaints--do adolescents' own economic resources matter? Eur J Public Health 2012; 23:24-9. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cks038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Environmental risk and protective factors of adolescents' and youths' mental health: differences between parents' appraisal and self-reports. Qual Life Res 2012; 22:613-22. [PMID: 22485025 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-012-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of parents' mental health, life events, and home life (among other factors) on adolescents'/youths' mental health, whether such an effect varies when several variables are assessed jointly, and also whether the informant source of the mental health problem modifies the estimations. METHODS We studied a representative sample of 454 Spanish adolescents/youths studied longitudinally (2 assessments, 3 years apart). We considered factors associated with adolescents'/youths' mental health (conduct, emotional, and hyperactivity scores [SDQ]): risk factors (parents' mental health and life events) and mediators (social and financial support). Structural equation modeling was applied. We constructed two models: (a) with parents' SDQ responses and (b) with self-reported SDQ responses (in a subsample of N = 260). RESULTS Model fit was adequate for parents' appraisal. Parents' mental health (p < 0.05) and undesirable life events (p < 0.05) were the most important risk factors. The same model showed poorer fit when self-reported measures were used. Home life exerted a stronger protective effect on adolescents'/youths' mental health when reported by adolescents/youths. The negative effect of parents' mental health was significantly protected by home life in emotional [-0.14 (0.07)] and hyperactivity scores [-0.2 (0.08)]. CONCLUSIONS Even in the presence of other factors, parents' mental health has an important effect on adolescents'/youths' mental health. Good levels of home life are protective, especially when adolescents'/youths' mental health is self-reported.
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Tomé G, Matos M, Simões C, Diniz JA, Camacho I. How can peer group influence the behavior of adolescents: explanatory model. Glob J Health Sci 2012; 4:26-35. [PMID: 22980148 PMCID: PMC4777050 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v4n2p26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work aims to study both the peer group and family influence on adolescent behaviour. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, an explanatory model based on the Structural Equations Modelling (SEM) was proposed. The sample used was the group of adolescents that participated in the Portuguese survey of the European study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). The Portuguese survey included students from grades 6, 8 and 10 within the public education system, with an average age of 14 years old (SD=1.89). The total sample of the HBSC study carried out in 2006 was 4,877; however with the use of the SEM, 1,238 participants were lost out of the total sample. The results show that peers have a direct influence in adolescents' risk behaviours. The relationship with parents did not demonstrate the expected mediation effect, with the exception of the following elements: relation between type of friends and risk behaviour; and communication with parent and lesser involvement in violence behaviours and increased well-being. The negative influence of the peer group is more connected to the involvement in risk behaviours, whilst the positive influence is more connected with protective behaviours.
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Nygren K, Bergström E, Janlert U, Nygren L. Parents matter--but relations to parents do not explain gender differences in self-reported health in adolescents. Scand J Caring Sci 2012; 26:643-53. [PMID: 22300255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2012.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore whether parent-adolescent relations are associated to self-reported health of adolescents. Logistic regression analyses were performed on a cross-sectional data set consisting of 5060 adolescents, grades 7-9, from six municipalities in the northern part of Sweden. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå, Sweden. Results showed that, in both boys and girls, experiencing low parental demands as well as perceiving the relationship quality and the communication with parents as poor were significantly associated with having poor general health, somatic complaints and feelings of stress. In general, girls scored lower on self-reported health than boys, but our findings indicate that these gender differences could not be explained by relations to parents. In conclusion, relations to parents play an important role for self-reported health of adolescents. Although no causal-effect statements can be determined in this study, it is implied that there is a need for health professionals, such as school nurses, school welfare officers, etc., to pay special attention to parent-adolescent relations in their work with adolescents.
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Villalonga-Olives E, Forero CG, Erhart M, Palacio-Vieira JA, Valderas JM, Herdman M, Ferrer M, Rajmil L, Ravens-Sieberer U, Alonso J. Relationship between life events and psychosomatic complaints during adolescence/youth: a structural equation model approach. J Adolesc Health 2011; 49:199-205. [PMID: 21783054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the contribution of life events (LEs) on psychosomatic complaints in adolescents/youths taking into account a set of socioeconomic variables. METHODS We tested a conceptual model implemented with structural equation modeling on longitudinal data from a representative sample of adolescents/youths and parents. Psychosomatic complaints were measured by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children scale and hypothesized to be affected by: (a) contextual factors at distal level: financial resources, home life and social support (KIDSCREEN), and parent baseline mental health (SF-12); (b) triggering factors: LEs (Coddington Life Events Scales, with two typologies: desirability and familiarity); (c) intermediate factors: same as distal level but measured at follow-up; (d) immediate cause: mental health at proximal level (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up); and (e) gender. RESULTS The structural model yielded a good fit (Comparative Fit Index = .95, Tucker-Lewis Index = .93, Root Mean Square Error = .04). Boys showed more psychosomatic complaints than girls (β = .40, p < .05). Girls reported experiencing more LEs (p < .05). Only undesirable LEs showed a significant direct negative effect on psychosomatic complaints, which became nonsignificant when mediated by home life and mental health. Undesirable LEs had a remaining indirect effects on psychosomatic complaints (βindirect = -.10, p < .05) via Home Life and Mental health, which were protective factors (β = .41 and β = -.15, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The experience of undesirable LEs increases the probability of psychosomatic complaints, but the final effect would be determined by previous levels of home life and mental health stability.
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Almquist YM. Childhood friendships and adult health: findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2011; 22:378-83. [PMID: 21498559 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social relations are known to influence morbidity and mortality but few have studied this association from a life-course perspective specifically targeting the importance of social relations in childhood for adult health. In childhood, a key aspect of children's relationships is the number of friendships a child has in the school class, i.e. friendship quantity. The overall aim of this study was to examine the association between childhood friendships and adult self-rated health. METHODS Data from a longitudinal study of children born in Aberdeen, Scotland, between 1950 and 1956 was used. Information on friendship quantity (1964) was derived from sociometric nominations among classmates and defined as mutual choices. The health outcome was based on self-ratings derived from a questionnaire in 2001-03. The study included various childhood and adult circumstances as possible explanatory factors. The analysis was based on ordinal logistic regression, producing odds ratios (n = 5814). RESULTS The results demonstrated a gradient in women's self-rated health according to the number of friendships in the school class. A number of circumstances in childhood and adulthood were partial explanations. For men, only those without friends reported poorer self-rated health in adulthood. This finding was explained by adult socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION It is concluded that childhood friendships are linked to health disparities in middle age, underlining the importance of such relationships and the need for a life-course perspective on health that integrates a variety of mechanisms as they interact across life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva M Almquist
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bohman H, Jonsson U, Von Knorring AL, Von Knorring L, Päären A, Olsson G. Somatic symptoms as a marker for severity in adolescent depression. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:1724-30. [PMID: 20545935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate the prevalence of somatic symptoms in depressed adolescents and in their healthy peers. A second aim is to investigate the correlation, in the depressed adolescents, between the number of somatic symptoms and severe concurrent symptoms, signs and life events. METHODS The total population of 16-17 year olds - in the city of Uppsala - was screened for depression and then interviewed using a structured interview questionnaire. Depressed subjects and matched controls were identified. A total of 177 pairs were used for pair-wise analyses of somatic symptoms. Severe symptoms, signs and life events were selected for analysing their relation to depression with somatic symptoms. RESULTS The adolescents with depressive disorders experienced considerably more somatic symptoms than their healthy controls. The duration and depth of the depression correlated with the number of somatic symptoms. There was a strong correlation between depression with many somatic symptoms and suicidal plans/thoughts, suicidal attempts, disruptive behaviour, as well as multiple stressful relationships. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that somatic symptoms are common in adolescent depression. Multiple somatic symptoms within depression imply a higher severity in terms of duration, depth and psychiatric comorbidity. The strong correlation with suicidal plans, suicidal attempts and disruptive behaviour is concerning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bohman
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bergh D, Hagquist C, Starrin B. Social relations in school and psychosomatic health among Swedish adolescents--the role of academic orientation. Eur J Public Health 2010; 21:699-704. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wiklund M, Bengs C, Malmgren-Olsson EB, Ohman A. Young women facing multiple and intersecting stressors of modernity, gender orders and youth. Soc Sci Med 2010; 71:1567-75. [PMID: 20846769 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to explore stressors experienced by Swedish adolescent girls and young women, specifically understood in relation to social context and gender theory. Interviews were conducted with 40 young Swedish women, aged 16-25 years, who had sought help at a youth health centre for stress problems. Using qualitative content analysis we identified three clusters of stressors: "the stressors of modernity", "the stressors of gendered orders", and "the stressors of youth". The results revealed that multiple and intersecting discourse-shaped stressors and demands connected to essential life spheres contribute not only to experiences of distress but also to feelings of constraint. Gendered individualism and healthism proved to be essential in understanding the young women's experienced stress. Failing social support from adults, gendered demands and responsibility taking were also illuminated. This calls for a broad contextualized and gender-sensitive approach to young women's stress and health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wiklund
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Psychosomatic symptoms are commonly reported among young people. The potential burden of such symptoms on both young people and health services is substantial. Research from several countries indicates that psychosomatic symptoms tend to co-exist rather than occur singularly and could impose limitations on daily living and participation in school life. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper was to determine the weekly prevalence of somatic (headache, stomach-ache, dizziness, back ache) and psychological (feeling low, irritability/bad temper, difficulty sleeping, and nervousness) symptoms among schoolchildren in Ireland; and to explore, the influence of family material affluence on reported symptoms. STUDY GROUP 11-17 year-old school going children. METHODS Data are presented from the 2006 Irish Health Behaviour in the School-aged Children survey, comprising a nationally representative sample of schoolchildren aged 11-17 years (n = 9969). Sampling units were classes within schools with a response rate of 63% of schools and 83% of students. RESULTS Irritability/bad temper (43.0%) and headache (26.0%) were the most commonly reported psychological and somatic symptoms among both boys and girls. Symptom prevalence was higher among girls (range 17.8% - 43.8%) than boys (range 10.7% - 42.3%) and was higher among older children of both genders, except for stomachache in boys. Girls from less affluent backgrounds were significantly more likely to report frequent symptoms (55.5% vs. 50.7%). CONCLUSIONS Multiple symptoms were inversely related to family material affluence for girls. The factors associated with psychosomatic symptoms and the consequences for schoolchildren require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Kelly
- Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, 12 Distillery Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Mundhenke L, Hermansson L, Sjöqvist Nätterlund B. Experiences of Swedish children with disabilities: activities and social support in daily life. Scand J Occup Ther 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/11038120903114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Modin B, Ostberg V, Toivanen S, Sundell K. Psychosocial working conditions, school sense of coherence and subjective health complaints. A multilevel analysis of ninth grade pupils in the Stockholm area. J Adolesc 2010; 34:129-39. [PMID: 20153518 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the psychosocial working conditions of 7930 Swedish 9th grade students, distributed over 475 classes and 130 schools, in relation to their subjective health using multilevel modeling. At the individual level, students with "strained" working conditions in school (i.e. those experiencing a high level of demands in combination with a low level of control) demonstrated significantly worse health compared to students in "low-strain" situations. "Strained" conditions in combination with a weak school-related sense of coherence were especially unfavourable for health. These findings remained significant when support from teachers, school marks, norm-breaking behaviours, family-relations and certain class- and school-contextual conditions were adjusted for. Thus, while demands are an essential part of school work, this study suggests that high levels of control and a strong school-related sense of coherence can protect against the more detrimental effects on health that high demands at school may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitte Modin
- Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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