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Lau JTF, Ng JHY, Goodwin R, Kang TS, Fong VWI, Lau MMC, Yu Y. Level and factors of support for the Living with the Virus policy in a Chinese adult general population: a mediation analysis via positive and negative attitudes toward the policy. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1286596. [PMID: 38347928 PMCID: PMC10860402 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1286596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the public's support for the Living with the Virus (LWV) policy, its associated factors, and related mediations at a time when more countries were considering adopting the LWV policy amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A random, population-based telephone survey was conducted among 500 Chinese adults in Hong Kong during March/April 2022. Results 39.6% of the participants were supportive/strongly supportive of the LWV policy. Perceived efficacy of the control measures was negatively associated with the support and was partially mediated via the perception that the policy would greatly improve the economy/daily life of the policy. Perceived physical harms of the Omicron variant was negatively associated with the support and was fully mediated via perceived negative impacts of the policy. 26.2%/54.6% believed that the policy would improve the economy/daily life greatly; about 40% perceived negative impacts on deaths and the medical system due to the policy. COVID-19 ever infection did not significantly moderate the studied associations. Conclusion The public was split regarding the support for the LWV policy and whether it would cause better economy/daily life, unnecessary deaths, and the collapse of the medical system. Health communication is needed in shifting toward the LWV policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. F. Lau
- Public Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Hoi-Yuk Ng
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Robin Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tarandeep S. Kang
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian W. I. Fong
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mason M. C. Lau
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mantzari E, Ventsel M, Pechey E, Lee I, Pilling MA, Hollands GJ, Marteau TM. Impact on wine sales of removing the largest serving size by the glass: An A-B-A reversal trial in 21 pubs, bars, and restaurants in England. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004313. [PMID: 38236840 PMCID: PMC10796003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions that alter aspects of the physical environments in which unhealthy behaviours occur have the potential to change behaviour at scale, i.e., across populations, and thereby decrease the risk of several diseases. One set of such interventions involves reducing serving sizes, which could reduce alcohol consumption. The effect of modifying the available range of serving sizes of wine in a real-world setting is unknown. We aimed to assess the impact on the volume of wine sold of removing the largest serving size by the glass from the options available in licensed premises. METHODS AND FINDINGS The study was conducted between September 2021 and May 2022 in 21 licensed premises in England that sold wine by the glass in serving sizes greater than 125 ml (i.e., 175 ml or 250 ml) and used an electronic point of sale till system. It used an A-B-A reversal design, set over 3 four-weekly periods. "A" represented the nonintervention periods during which standard serving sizes were served and "B" the intervention period when the largest serving size for a glass of wine was removed from the existing range in each establishment: 250 ml (18 premises) or 175 ml (3 premises). The primary outcome was the daily volume of wine sold, extracted from sales data. Twenty-one premises completed the study, 20 of which did so per protocol and were included in the primary analysis. After adjusting for prespecified covariates, the intervention resulted in -420·8 millilitres (ml) (95% confidence intervals (CIs) -681·4 to -160·2 p = 0·002) or -7·6% (95% CI -12·3%, -2·9%) less wine being sold per day. There was no evidence that sales of beer and cider or total daily revenues changed but the study was not powered to detect differences in these outcomes. The main study limitation is that we were unable to assess the sales of other alcoholic drinks apart from wine, beer, and cider, estimated to comprise approximately 30% of alcoholic drinks sold in participating premises. CONCLUSIONS Removing the largest serving size of wine by the glass from those available reduced the volume of wine sold. This promising intervention for decreasing alcohol consumption across populations merits consideration as part of alcohol licensing regulations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN33169631; OSF https://osf.io/xkgdb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mantzari
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Minna Ventsel
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Pechey
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ilse Lee
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Pilling
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Hollands
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theresa M. Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Grelle S, Hofmann W. When and Why Do People Accept Public-Policy Interventions? An Integrative Public-Policy-Acceptance Framework. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024; 19:258-279. [PMID: 37470506 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231180580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The successful introduction of public policies to prompt behavior change hinges on the degree to which citizens endorse the proposed policies. Although there is a large body of research on psychological determinants of public policy acceptance, these determinants have not yet been synthesized into an integrative framework that proposes hypotheses about their interplay. In this article, we develop a review-based, integrative public-policy-acceptance framework that introduces the desire for governmental support as a motivational foundation in public-policy acceptance. The framework traces the route from problem awareness to policy acceptance and, ultimately, policy compliance. We propose this relationship to be mediated by a desire for governmental support. We integrate numerous key variables assumed to qualify the relationship between problem awareness and the desire for governmental support, such as control attributions, trust, and value fit, as well as the relationship between the desire for governmental support and policy acceptance, such as perceived policy effectiveness, intrusiveness, and fairness. We exemplify the use of the proposed framework by applying it to climate policies.
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Gupta A, Raine KD, Moynihan P, Peres MA. Australians support for policy initiatives addressing unhealthy diet: a population-based study. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad036. [PMID: 37216315 PMCID: PMC10558039 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To inform public health policy implementation in Australia, our study investigated the level of public support for six policy initiatives addressing unhealthy diet. The policy initiatives included taxing soft drinks and energy drinks, taxing less healthy food and beverage purchases, zoning to restrict the supply of junk foods near schools, prohibiting advertising and promotion of less healthy food and beverages to children under the age of 16 and restricting sugar-sweetened beverages from vending machines in schools, and public places. Data from a cross-sectional population-based study for 4040 Australians aged 15+ years, were analysed. A high overall support across all policy initiatives was observed. Nearly three-quarter of public support was observed for policy initiatives targeting children (zoning to restrict the supply of junk food near schools, prohibiting advertising and promotion of less healthy food and beverages to children under the age of 16 and restricting sugars-sweetened beverages from vending machines in schools), and half of Australians supported policy initiatives of taxing soft drinks and energy drinks and taxing less healthy food and beverage purchases. Australian women and those with tertiary level of education were more likely to support public health initiatives targeting children and all policy initiatives respectively. Interestingly, young adults expressed low level of support for all policy initiatives. The study demonstrated considerable public support for policy initiatives focussed on protecting children from unhealthy diet in Australia. Framing, designing and implementing policies targeting children is potentially a good starting point for policymakers to create a health promoting food environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adyya Gupta
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Kim D Raine
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-061 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Paula Moynihan
- Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marco A Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Toumpakari Z, Valerino-Perea S, Willis K, Adams J, White M, Vasiljevic M, Ternent L, Brown J, Kelly MP, Bonell C, Cummins S, Majeed A, Anderson S, Robinson T, Araujo-Soares V, Watson J, Soulsby I, Green D, Sniehotta FF, Jago R. Exploring views of members of the public and policymakers on the acceptability of population level dietary and active-travel policies: a qualitative study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:64. [PMID: 37259093 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence on what shapes the acceptability of population level dietary and active-travel policies in England. This information would be useful in the decision-making process about which policies should be implemented and how to increase their effectiveness and sustainability. To fill this gap, we explored public and policymakers' views about factors that influence public acceptability of dietary and active-travel policies and how to increase public acceptability for these policies. METHODS We conducted online, semi-structured interviews with 20 members of the public and 20 policymakers in England. A purposive sampling frame was used to recruit members of the public via a recruitment agency, based on age, sex, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Policymakers were recruited from existing contacts within our research collaborations and via snowball sampling. We explored different dietary and active-travel policies that varied in their scope and focus. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic reflexive analysis with both inductive and deductive coding. RESULTS We identified four themes that informed public acceptability of dietary and active-travel policies: (1) perceived policy effectiveness, i.e., policies that included believable mechanisms of action, addressed valued co-benefits and barriers to engage in the behaviour; (2) perceived policy fairness, i.e., policies that provided everyone with an opportunity to benefit (mentioned only by the public), equally considered the needs of various population subgroups and rewarded 'healthy' behaviours rather than only penalising 'unhealthy' behaviours; (3) communication of policies, i.e., policies that were visible and had consistent and positive messages from the media (mentioned only by policymakers) and (4) how to improve policy support, with the main suggestion being an integrated strategy addressing multiple aspects of these behaviours, inclusive policies that consider everyone's needs and use of appropriate channels and messages in policy communication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that members' of the public and policymakers' support for dietary and active-travel policies can be shaped by the perceived effectiveness, fairness and communication of policies and provide suggestions on how to improve policy support. This information can inform the design of acceptable policies but can also be used to help communicate existing and future policies to maximise their adoption and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Toumpakari
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK.
| | - S Valerino-Perea
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - K Willis
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - J Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Vasiljevic
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - L Ternent
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - J Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, London, UK
| | - M P Kelly
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - S Anderson
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - T Robinson
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research, Applied Research Collaboration Northeast and North Cumbria (NIHR ARC NENC), St Nicholas' Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Jubilee Road, Gosforth, NE3 3XT, UK
| | - V Araujo-Soares
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Twente, The Netherlands
| | - J Watson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
- South Gloucestershire Council, Badminton Road, Yate, Bristol, BS37 5AF, UK
| | - I Soulsby
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
| | - D Green
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - F F Sniehotta
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Department for Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
- Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), The National Institute for Health Research, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK
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King S, Lemieux CJ, Lem M. An Urgent Call to Integrate the Health Sector into the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:861. [PMID: 36613183 PMCID: PMC9819792 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to stop biodiversity loss and secure the resilience of all life on Earth. In December 2022, Parties to the United Nations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will meet in Montreal, Canada, to finalize the language and terms of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (Post-2020 GBF). The Post-2020 GBF aims to address the shortcomings of the previous Strategic Plan on Biodiversity 2011-2020, by introducing a Theory of Change, that states that biodiversity protection will only be successful if unprecedented, transformative changes are implemented effectively by Parties to the CBD. In this policy perspective, we explore the implications of the Theory of Change chosen to underpin the Post-2020 GBF, specifically that broad social transformation is an outcome that requires actors to be specified. We detail how the health sector is uniquely positioned to be an effective actor and ally in support of the implementation of the Post-2020 GBF. Specifically, we highlight how the core competencies and financial and human resources available in the health sector (including unique knowledge, skill sets, experiences, and established trust) provide a compelling, yet mostly untapped opportunity to help create and sustain the enabling conditions necessary to achieve the goals and targets of the framework. While by no means a panacea for the world's biodiversity problems, we posit that explicitly omitting the health sector from the Post-2020 GBF substantially weakens the global, collective effort to catalyze the transformative changes required to safeguard biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon King
- Park Doctor Pty Ltd., St. Lucia 3936, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Christopher J. Lemieux
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Melissa Lem
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Impact of Sizes of Servings, Glasses and Bottles on Alcohol Consumption: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204244. [PMID: 36296928 PMCID: PMC9610830 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarises the evidence on the impact of serving and container size on how much people drink, interventions that have the potential to reduce alcohol consumption across populations, thereby improving health. A rapid search identified 10 published reports of 15 studies and 1 review. Four studies focused on serving size, eight studies and the review on glass size, two studies on bottle size and one on both glass and bottle size. Twelve studies and the review focused on wine, one study on beer and two on both. All were conducted in England, by just two research groups. Removing the largest serving size of wine decreased wine sales by 7.6% (95% CI −12.3%, −2.9%) in a study in 21 licenced premises, reflecting findings from two prior studies in semi-naturalistic settings. Adding a serving size for beer that was a size smaller than the largest was assessed in one study in 13 licenced premises, with no evident effect. Reducing the size of wine glasses in restaurants decreased wine sales by 7.3% (95% CI −13.5%, −1.5%) in a mega-analysis of eight datasets from studies in five licensed premises. Using smaller wine glasses at home may also reduce consumption, but the evidence from just one study is less certain. No studies have assessed the impact of glass size for drinking beer. The effect of bottles smaller than the standard 750 mL on wine consumed at home was assessed in two studies: 500 mL bottles reduced consumption by 4.5% (95% CI −7.9%, −1.0%) in one study, but in another, using 375 mL bottles there was no evident effect. No studies assessed the impact of bottle or other container size for drinking beer. Reducing the size of servings, glasses and bottles could reduce wine consumption across populations. The impact of similar interventions for reducing consumption of other alcoholic drinks awaits evaluation. Further studies are also warranted to assess the generalisability of existing evidence.
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Pechey R, Reynolds JP, Cook B, Marteau TM, Jebb SA. Acceptability of policies to reduce consumption of red and processed meat: A population-based survey experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 81:101817. [PMID: 36523649 PMCID: PMC9742849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Policies to reduce meat consumption are needed to help achieve climate change targets, and could also improve population health. Public acceptability can affect the likelihood of policy implementation. This study estimated the acceptability of policies to reduce red and processed meat consumption, and whether acceptability differed when policies were framed as benefitting health or the environment. In an online experiment, 2215 UK adults rated the acceptability of six policies, presented in a randomised order. Prior to rating policies, participants were randomised to one of two framing conditions, with policy outcomes described either as benefitting health or the environment. Regression models examined differences in the primary outcome - policy acceptability (rated on a 7-point scale) - by framing. Labels were the most accepted policy (48% support), followed by a media campaign (45%), reduced availability (40%) and providing incentives (38%). Increasing price (27%) and banning advertising (26%) were the least accepted. A substantial proportion of participants neither supported nor opposed most policies (26-33%), although this fell to 16% for increasing price. There was no evidence that framing policy benefits from a health or environment perspective influenced acceptability (-0.06, 95%CIs: 0.18,0.07). Fewer than half of the UK sample expressed support for any of six policies to reduce meat consumption, regardless of framing measures as benefitting health or the environment. Conversely, fewer than half expressed opposition, with the exception of price, suggesting considerable scope to influence public opinion in support of meat reduction measures to meet environmental and health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pechey
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - James P. Reynolds
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
- School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Brian Cook
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Theresa M. Marteau
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Susan A. Jebb
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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