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Congdon P. Psychosis prevalence in London neighbourhoods; A case study in spatial confounding. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2024; 48:100631. [PMID: 38355254 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of impacts of neighbourhood risk factors on mental health outcomes frequently adopts a disease mapping approach, with unknown neighbourhood influences summarised by random effects. However, such effects may show confounding with observed predictors, especially when such predictors have a clear spatial pattern. Here, the standard disease mapping model is compared to methods which account and adjust for spatial confounding in an analysis of psychosis prevalence in London neighbourhoods. Established area risk factors such as area deprivation, non-white ethnicity, greenspace access and social fragmentation are considered as influences on psychosis. The results show evidence of spatial confounding in the standard disease mapping model. Impacts expected on substantive grounds and available evidence are either nullified or reversed in direction. It is argued that the potential for spatial confounding to affect inferences about geographic disease patterns and risk factors should be routinely considered in ecological studies of health based on disease mapping.
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Nazia N. Spatial variations of COVID-19 risk by age in Toronto, Canada. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2022; 17. [PMID: 35860921 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2022.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may vary by age, biological, socioeconomic, behavioural and logistical reasons may be attributed to these variations. In Toronto, Canada, the aging population has been severely impacted, accounting for 92% of all COVID-19 deaths. Four age groups: 60-69 years, 70-79 years, 80-89 years and ≥90 years in Toronto neighbourhoods were investigated for clustering tendencies using space-time statistics. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was computed to assess variations in risk by neighbourhood between different age groups. The findings suggest that knowledge of health risks and health behaviour varied by age across neighbourhoods in Toronto. Therefore, understanding the socioecological context of the communities and targeting age-appropriate intervention strategies is important for planning an effective mechanism for controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushrat Nazia
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo.
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Fleury MJ, Grenier G, Cao Z, Huỳnh C, Chihade D. Predictors of Emergency Department Use for Suicidal Behaviors among Patients with Substance-Related Disorders. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:796-817. [PMID: 35499529 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2066591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify predictors of emergency department (ED) use for suicide ideation or suicide attempt compared with other reasons among 14,158 patients with substance-related disorders (SRD) in Quebec (Canada). METHODS Longitudinal data on clinical, sociodemographic, and service use variables for patients who used addiction treatment centers in 2012-13 were extracted from Quebec administrative databases. A multinomial logistic regression was produced, comparing predictors of suicide ideation or attempts to other reasons for ED use in 2015-16. RESULTS Patients using ED for both suicide ideation and attempt were more likely to have bipolar or personality disorders, problems related to the social environment, 4+ previous yearly outpatient consultations with their usual psychiatrist, high prior ED use, and dropout from SRD programs in addiction treatment centers in the previous 7 years, compared with those using ED for other reasons. Patients with alcohol- or drug-related disorders other than cannabis and living in the least materially deprived areas, urban territories, and university healthcare regions made more suicide attempts than those using ED for other reasons. Patients with common mental disorders, 1-3 previous yearly outpatient consultations with their usual psychiatrist, one previous treatment episode in addiction treatment centers, and those using at least one SRD program experienced more suicide ideation than patients using ED for other reasons. CONCLUSION Clinical variables most strongly predicted suicidal behaviors, whereas completion of SRD programs may help to reduce them. SRD services and outreach strategies should be reinforced, particularly for patients with complex issues living in more advantaged urban areas. HIGHLIGHTSOver 10% of ED visits were for suicidal behaviors among patients with SRD.ED use for suicidal behaviors was mainly associated with clinical variables.Addiction treatment centers may help reduce ED use for suicidal behaviors.
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Rotenberg M, Tuck A, Anderson KK, McKenzie K. The Incidence of Psychotic Disorders and Area-level Marginalization in Ontario, Canada: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 67:216-225. [PMID: 33896210 PMCID: PMC8935600 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211011852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited Canadian evidence on the impact of socio-environmental factors on psychosis risk. We sought to examine the relationship between area-level indicators of marginalization and the incidence of psychotic disorders in Ontario. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all people aged 14 to 40 years living in Ontario in 1999 using health administrative data and identified incident cases of psychotic disorders over a 10-year follow-up period. Age-standardized incidence rates were estimated for census metropolitan areas (CMAs). Poisson regression models adjusting for age and sex were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) based on CMA and area-level marginalization indices. RESULTS There is variation in the incidence of psychotic disorders across the CMAs. Our findings suggest a higher rate of psychotic disorders in areas with the highest levels of residential instability (IRR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.35), material deprivation (IRR = 1.30, 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.45), ethnic concentration (IRR = 1.61, 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.89), and dependency (IRR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.54) when compared to areas with the lowest levels of marginalization. Marginalization attenuates the risk in some CMAs. CONCLUSIONS There is geographic variation in the incidence of psychotic disorders across the province of Ontario. Areas with greater levels of marginalization have a higher incidence of psychotic disorders, and marginalization attenuates the differences in risk across geographic location. With further study, replication, and the use of the most up-to-date data, a case may be made to consider social policy interventions as preventative measures and to direct services to areas with the highest risk. Future research should examine how marginalization may interact with other social factors including ethnicity and immigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rotenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Tuck
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kwame McKenzie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lesage A, Courteau J, Brodeur S, Stip E, Fleury MJ, Courteau M, Roy MA, Vanasse A. Urbanicity, Schizophrenia and Equitable Specialist Services Allocation. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 67:160-161. [PMID: 34482764 PMCID: PMC8892047 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Lesage
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal
(IUSMM), Montréal, Quebec
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, Université de Montréal,
Montréal, Quebec
| | - Josiane Courteau
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier
universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec
| | - Sébastien Brodeur
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, Université de Montréal,
Montréal, Quebec
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and
Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marie-Josée Fleury
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal,
Quebec
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec
| | - Mireille Courteau
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier
universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec
| | - Marc-André Roy
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, Quebec
| | - Alain Vanasse
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier
universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec
- Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d’urgence, Université de
Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec
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Xu M, Cao C, Zhang X, Lin H, Yao Z, Zhong S, Huang Z, Shea Duerler R. Fine-Scale Space-Time Cluster Detection of COVID-19 in Mainland China Using Retrospective Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3583. [PMID: 33808290 PMCID: PMC8037204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exploring spatio-temporal patterns of disease incidence can help to identify areas of significantly elevated or decreased risk, providing potential etiologic clues. The study uses the retrospective analysis of space-time scan statistic to detect the clusters of COVID-19 in mainland China with a different maximum clustering radius at the family-level based on case dates of onset. The results show that the detected clusters vary with the clustering radius. Forty-three space-time clusters were detected with a maximum clustering radius of 100 km and 88 clusters with a maximum clustering radius of 10 km from 2 December 2019 to 20 June 2020. Using a smaller clustering radius may identify finer clusters. Hubei has the most clusters regardless of scale. In addition, most of the clusters were generated in February. That indicates China's COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control strategy is effective, and they have successfully prevented the virus from spreading from Hubei to other provinces over time. Well-developed provinces or cities, which have larger populations and developed transportation networks, are more likely to generate space-time clusters. The analysis based on the data of cases from onset may detect the start times of clusters seven days earlier than similar research based on diagnosis dates. Our analysis of space-time clustering based on the data of cases on the family-level can be reproduced in other countries that are still seriously affected by the epidemic such as the USA, India, and Brazil, thus providing them with more precise signals of clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.X.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (R.S.D.)
- School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Chunxiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.X.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.X.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Hui Lin
- China Electronic Technology Group Corporation, Institute of Electronic Science, Beijing 100041, China;
| | - Zhong Yao
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330098, China
| | - Shaobo Zhong
- Beijing Research Center of Urban Systems Engineering, Xizhimen Nan Da Jie 16, Xicheng District, Beijing 100035, China;
| | - Zhibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.X.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Robert Shea Duerler
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (M.X.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.H.); (R.S.D.)
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Lee SC, DelPozo-Banos M, Lloyd K, Jones I, Walters JTR, Owen MJ, O'Donovan M, John A. Area deprivation, urbanicity, severe mental illness and social drift - A population-based linkage study using routinely collected primary and secondary care data. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:130-140. [PMID: 32249120 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether associations between area deprivation, urbanicity and elevated risk of severe mental illnesses (SMIs, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) is accounted for by social drift or social causation. We extracted primary and secondary care electronic health records from 2004 to 2015 from a population of 3.9 million. We identified prevalent and incident individuals with SMIs and their level of deprivation and urbanicity using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) and urban/rural indicator. The presence of social drift was determined by whether odds ratios (ORs) from logistic regression is greater than the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) from Poisson regression. Additionally, we performed longitudinal analysis to measure the proportion of change in deprivation level and rural/urban residence 10 years after an incident diagnosis of SMI and compared it to the general population using standardised rate ratios (SRRs). Prevalence and incidence of SMIs were significantly associated with deprivation and urbanicity (all ORs and IRRs significantly >1). ORs and IRRs were similar across all conditions and cohorts (ranging from 1.1 to 1.4). Results from the longitudinal analysis showed individuals with SMIs are more likely to move compared to the general population. However, they did not preferentially move to more deprived or urban areas. There was little evidence of downward social drift over a 10-year period. These findings have implications for the allocation of resources, service configuration and access to services in deprived communities, as well as, for broader public health interventions addressing poverty, and social and environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chim Lee
- HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Marcos DelPozo-Banos
- HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Keith Lloyd
- HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ann John
- HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; National Centre for Mental Health, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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Chung Y, Bagheri N, Salinas-Perez JA, Smurthwaite K, Walsh E, Furst M, Rosenberg S, Salvador-Carulla L. Role of visual analytics in supporting mental healthcare systems research and policy: A systematic scoping review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Lesage A, Vanasse A, Potvin S, Dumais A. Retraction: Caractérisation des premiers épisodes de schizophrénie à partir de bases de données administratives de santé jumelées. [Characterization of First Episodes of Schizophrenia from Combined Administrative Databases]. Beaudoin, M., Potvin, S., Dellazizzo, L., Surprenant, M., Lesage, A., Vanasse, A., Ngamini-Ngui, A.† et Dumais, A. Santé mentale au Québec. 2018 Fall ; 43(2) : 83-105.PMID : 32338687. SANTE MENTALE AU QUEBEC 2019. [PMID: 33270396 DOI: 10.7202/1058611ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1058611ar.
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10
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Fleury MJ, Rochette L, Grenier G, Huỳnh C, Vasiliadis HM, Pelletier É, Lesage A. Factors associated with emergency department use for mental health reasons among low, moderate and high users. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 60:111-119. [PMID: 31404825 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study identified factors associated with frequency of emergency department (ED) use for mental health (MH) reasons in Quebec during 2015-2016. METHODS Participants (n = 115,066) were categorized as: 1) low (1 visit/year; 76%); 2) moderate (2 visits/year; 14%); and 3) high (3+ visits/year; 10%) ED users. Independent variables included predisposing, enabling and needs factors based on the Andersen Behavioral Model. Variables significantly associated with frequency of ED use were entered into a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Patients with mental illness (MI), especially substance-related disorders (SRD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders; bipolar, depressive, anxiety or personality disorders; and those with severe chronic physical illness (needs factors) were more likely to use ED for MH reasons, as were male participants 18-64 years old, and those living in metropolitan areas with high social or material deprivation (predisposing factors). Regarding enabling factors, consultations with outpatient psychiatrists and not seeing a general practitioner (GP) in the year prior to ED visit were associated with high ED use. CONCLUSION The severity of MI/SRD contributed most to frequent ED use, while social and material deprivation in metropolitan areas, and intensity of medical care also influenced ED use for MH reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Fleury
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Louis Rochette
- Insitut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Grenier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Huỳnh
- University Institute on Addictions, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada; School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Helen-Maria Vasiliadis
- Département des sciences de la santé communautaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche Charles LeMoyne - Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Pelletier
- Insitut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Lesage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche Fernand-Séguin, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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11
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Midzi N, Kavhu B, Manangazira P, Phiri I, Mutambu SL, Tshuma C, Chimbari MJ, Munyati S, Midzi SM, Charimari L, Ncube A, Mutsaka-Makuvaza MJ, Soko W, Madzima E, Hlerema G, Mbedzi J, Mhlanga G, Masocha M. Inclusion of edaphic predictors for enhancement of models to determine distribution of soil-transmitted helminths: the case of Zimbabwe. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:47. [PMID: 29351762 PMCID: PMC5775612 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable mapping of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) parasites requires rigorous statistical and machine learning algorithms capable of integrating the combined influence of several determinants to predict distributions. This study tested whether combining edaphic predictors with relevant environmental predictors improves model performance when predicting the distribution of STH, Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworms at a national scale in Zimbabwe. Methods Geo-referenced parasitological data obtained from a 2010/2011 national survey indicating a confirmed presence or absence of STH among school children aged 10–15 years was used to calibrate ten species distribution models (SDMs). The performance of SDMs calibrated with a set of environmental and edaphic variables was compared to that of SDMs calibrated with environmental variables only. Model performance was evaluated using the true skill statistic and receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Results show a significant improvement in model performance for both A. lumbricoides and hookworms for all ten SDMs after edaphic variables were combined with environmental variables in the modelling of the geographical distribution of the two STHs at national scale. Using the top three performing models, a consensus prediction was developed to generate the first continuous maps of the potential distribution of the two STHs in Zimbabwe. Conclusions The findings from this study demonstrate significant model improvement if relevant edaphic variables are included in model calibration resulting in more accurate mapping of STH. The results also provide spatially-explicit information to aid targeted control of STHs in Zimbabwe and other countries with STH burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Midzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Blessing Kavhu
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Portia Manangazira
- Ministry of Health and Child Care, P.O. Box, CY 1122 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Isaac Phiri
- Ministry of Health and Child Care, P.O. Box, CY 1122 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Susan L Mutambu
- National Institute of Health Research, P.O. Box 573 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Cremants Tshuma
- Ministry of Health and Child Care, P.O. Box, CY 1122 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Shungu Munyati
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, P.O. Box CY 1753 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Stanely M Midzi
- World Health Organization, PO Box CY 348 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Lincon Charimari
- World Health Organization, PO Box CY 348 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Anatoria Ncube
- Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, P.O. Box CY1343, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - White Soko
- National Institute of Health Research, P.O. Box 573 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Emmanuel Madzima
- National Institute of Health Research, P.O. Box 573 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Gibson Hlerema
- National Institute of Health Research, P.O. Box 573 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Joel Mbedzi
- National Institute of Health Research, P.O. Box 573 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Gibson Mhlanga
- Ministry of Health and Child Care, P.O. Box, CY 1122 Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Mhosisi Masocha
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
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12
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A modified generalized lasso algorithm to detect local spatial clusters for count data. ASTA ADVANCES IN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10182-018-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Kirkbride JB, Hameed Y, Ioannidis K, Ankireddypalli G, Crane CM, Nasir M, Kabacs N, Metastasio A, Jenkins O, Espandian A, Spyridi S, Ralevic D, Siddabattuni S, Walden B, Adeoye A, Perez J, Jones PB. Ethnic Minority Status, Age-at-Immigration and Psychosis Risk in Rural Environments: Evidence From the SEPEA Study. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1251-1261. [PMID: 28521056 PMCID: PMC5737276 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several ethnic minority groups experience elevated rates of first-episode psychosis (FEP), but most studies have been conducted in urban settings. We investigated whether incidence varied by ethnicity, generation status, and age-at-immigration in a diverse, mixed rural, and urban setting. METHOD We identified 687 people, 16-35 years, with an ICD-10 diagnosis of FEP, presenting to Early Intervention Psychosis services in the East of England over 2 million person-years. We used multilevel Poisson regression to examine incidence variation by ethnicity, rural-urban setting, generation status, and age-at-immigration, adjusting for several confounders including age, sex, socioeconomic status, population density, and deprivation. RESULTS People of black African (incidence rate ratio: 4.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.63-6.25), black Caribbean (4.63; 95% CI: 2.38-8.98) and Pakistani (2.31; 95% CI: 1.35-3.94) origins were at greatest FEP risk relative to the white British population, after multivariable adjustment. Non-British white migrants were not at increased FEP risk (1.00; 95% CI: 0.77-1.32). These patterns were independently present in rural and urban settings. For first-generation migrants, migration during childhood conferred greatest risk of psychotic disorders (2.20; 95% CI: 1.33-3.62). CONCLUSIONS Elevated psychosis risk in several visible minority groups could not be explained by differences in postmigratory socioeconomic disadvantage. These patterns were observed across rural and urban areas of our catchment, suggesting that elevated psychosis risk for some ethnic minority groups is not a result of selection processes influencing rural-urban living. Timing of exposure to migration during childhood, an important social and neurodevelopmental window, may also elevate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Kirkbride
- PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, UK; tel: 44-(0)-20-7679-9297, e-mail:
| | | | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Carolyn M Crane
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nikolett Kabacs
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Ashkan Espandian
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Styliani Spyridi
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Suneetha Siddabattuni
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben Walden
- Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Jesus Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Schootman M, Chien L, Yun S, Pruitt SL. Explaining large mortality differences between adjacent counties: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:681. [PMID: 27484009 PMCID: PMC4970203 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Kirkbride JB, Stochl J, Zimbrón J, Crane CM, Metastasio A, Aguilar E, Webster R, Theegala S, Kabacs N, Jones PB, Perez J. Social and spatial heterogeneity in psychosis proneness in a multilevel case-prodrome-control study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 132:283-92. [PMID: 25556912 PMCID: PMC4737210 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether spatial and social neighbourhood patterning of people at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis differs from first-episode psychosis (FEP) participants or controls and to determine whether exposure to different social environments is evident before disorder onset. METHOD We tested differences in the spatial distributions of representative samples of FEP, UHR and control participants and fitted two-level multinomial logistic regression models, adjusted for individual-level covariates, to examine group differences in neighbourhood-level characteristics. RESULTS The spatial distribution of controls (n = 41) differed from UHR (n = 48; P = 0.04) and FEP participants (n = 159; P = 0.01), whose distribution was similar (P = 0.17). Risk in FEP and UHR groups was associated with the same neighbourhood-level exposures: proportion of single-parent households [FEP adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.56 95% CI: 1.00-2.45; UHR aOR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.99-2.57], ethnic diversity (FEP aOR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02-1.58; UHR aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.00-1.63) and multiple deprivation (FEP aOR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78-1.00; UHR aOR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76-0.99). CONCLUSION Similar neighbourhood-level exposures predicted UHR and FEP risk, whose residential patterning was closer to each other's than controls. Adverse social environments are associated with psychosis before FEP onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Kirkbride
- Division of PsychiatryUCLLondonUK,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - J. Stochl
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - J. Zimbrón
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - C. M. Crane
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - A. Metastasio
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK,Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation TrustIpswichUK
| | - E. Aguilar
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK,Department of Mental HealthParc Tauli Sabadell University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - R. Webster
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - S. Theegala
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - N. Kabacs
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - P. B. Jones
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - J. Perez
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
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16
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Laliberté V, Joseph L, Gold I. A Bayesian Approach to Latent Class Modeling for Estimating the Prevalence of Schizophrenia Using Administrative Databases. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:99. [PMID: 26217241 PMCID: PMC4491595 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the incidence and the prevalence of psychotic disorders in the province of Quebec has been the object of some interest in recent years as a contribution to the epidemiological study of the causes of psychotic disorders being carried out primarily in UK and Scandinavia. A number of studies have used administrative data from the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) that includes nearly all Quebec citizens to obtain geographical and temporal prevalence estimates for the illness. However, there has been no investigation of the validity of RAMQ diagnoses for psychotic disorders, and without a measure of the sensitivity and the specificity of these diagnoses, it is impossible to be confident in the accuracy of the estimates obtained. This paper proposes the use of latent class analysis to ascertain the validity of a diagnosis of schizophrenia using RAMQ data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence Joseph
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Ian Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Department of Philosophy, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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17
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Kirkbride JB. Hitting the floor: understanding migration patterns following the first episode of psychosis. Health Place 2014; 28:150-2. [PMID: 24845239 PMCID: PMC4076512 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research published in Health and Place (Ngamini Ngui et al., 2013b) found that one third of people with first episode psychosis [FEP] will have made a large-scale migration six years after initial diagnosis. Here, I extend this discussion around three important observations. Namely, at first presentation the most disadvantaged communities already shoulder the burden of psychotic morbidity; people with FEP in more rural communities migrate less often, and; people with FEP exhibit both upwards and downwards social mobility after onset. Understanding the reasons for (non-)migration before and after psychosis onset is now required for effective public mental health and service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Kirkbride
- Sir Henry Dale Fellow, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UCL, 2nd Floor Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7E, UK.
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