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Cain TL, Derecka M, McKinney-Freeman S. The role of the haematopoietic stem cell niche in development and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00770-8. [PMID: 39256623 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Blood production depends on rare haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that ultimately take up residence in the bone marrow during development. HSPCs and HSCs are subject to extrinsic regulation by the bone marrow microenvironment, or niche. Studying the interactions between HSCs and their niche is critical for improving ex vivo culturing conditions and genetic manipulation of HSCs, which is pivotal for improving autologous HSC therapies and transplantations. Additionally, understanding how the complex molecular network in the bone marrow is altered during ageing is paramount for developing novel therapeutics for ageing-related haematopoietic disorders. HSCs are unique amongst stem and progenitor cell pools in that they engage with multiple physically distinct niches during their ontogeny. HSCs are specified from haemogenic endothelium in the aorta, migrate to the fetal liver and, ultimately, colonize their final niche in the bone marrow. Recent studies employing single-cell transcriptomics and microscopy have identified novel cellular interactions that govern HSC specification and engagement with their niches throughout ontogeny. New lineage-tracing models and microscopy tools have raised questions about the numbers of HSCs specified, as well as the functional consequences of HSCs interacting with each developmental niche. Advances have also been made in understanding how these niches are modified and perturbed during ageing, and the role of these altered interactions in haematopoietic diseases. In this Review, we discuss these new findings and highlight the questions that remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Cain
- Department of Haematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marta Derecka
- Department of Haematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Sommer A, Gomez Perdiguero E. Extraembryonic hematopoietic lineages-to macrophages and beyond. Exp Hematol 2024; 136:104285. [PMID: 39053841 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The first blood and immune cells in vertebrates emerge in the extraembryonic yolk sac. Throughout the last century, it has become evident that this extraembryonic tissue gives rise to transient primitive and definitive hematopoiesis but not hematopoietic stem cells. More recently, studies have elucidated that yolk sac-derived blood and immune cells are present far longer than originally expected. These cells take over essential roles for the survival and proper organogenesis of the developing fetus up until birth. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings and views on extraembryonic hematopoiesis in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Sommer
- Macrophages and Endothelial Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Gomez Perdiguero
- Macrophages and Endothelial Cells Unit, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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3
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Harris SM, Su AL, Dou JF, Loch-Caruso R, Elkin ER, Jaber S, Bakulski KM. Placental cell conditioned media modifies hematopoietic stem cell transcriptome invitro. Placenta 2024; 145:117-125. [PMID: 38128222 PMCID: PMC11270901 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hematopoietic stem cells are cells that differentiate into blood cell types. Although the placenta secretes hormones, proteins and other factors important for maternal/fetal health, cross-talk between placental and hematopoietic stem cells is poorly understood. Moreover, toxicant impacts on placental-hematopoietic stem cell communication is understudied. The goals of this study were to determine if factors secreted from placental cells alter transcriptomic responses in hematopoietic stem cells and if monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the bioactive metabolite of the pollutant diethylhexyl phthalate, modifies these effects. METHODS We used K-562 and BeWo cells as in vitro models of hematopoietic stem cells and placental syncytiotrophoblasts, respectively. We treated K-562 cells with medium conditioned by incubation with BeWo cells, medium conditioned with BeWo cells treated with 10 μM MEHP for 24 h, or controls treated with unconditioned medium. We extracted K-562 cell RNA, performed RNA sequencing, then conducted differential gene expression and pathway analysis. RESULTS Relative to controls, K-562 cells treated with BeWo cell conditioned medium differentially expressed 173 genes (FDR<0.05 and fold-change>2.0), including 2.4-fold upregulatation of tropomyosin 4 (TPM4, a cytoskeletal regulator involved in processes such as cell morphology and migration) and 3.3-fold upregulatation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3, a mediator of myeloid cell differentiation and inflammatory responses). Upregulated genes were enriched for pathways including stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and immune processes. Downregulated genes were enriched for terms involved in protein translation and transcriptional regulation. MEHP treatment differentially expressed eight genes (FDR<0.05), including genes involved in lipid metabolism (e.g., Perilipin 2, fold-change: 1.4; Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A, fold-change: 1.4). DISCUSSION K-562 cells, a model of hematopoietic stem cells, are responsive to media conditioned by placental cells, potentially impacting pathways like stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Harris
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Anthony L Su
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - John F Dou
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elana R Elkin
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Sammy Jaber
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Kasbekar M, Mitchell CA, Proven MA, Passegué E. Hematopoietic stem cells through the ages: A lifetime of adaptation to organismal demands. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1403-1420. [PMID: 37865087 PMCID: PMC10842631 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which govern the production of all blood lineages, transition through a series of functional states characterized by expansion during fetal development, functional quiescence in adulthood, and decline upon aging. We describe central features of HSC regulation during ontogeny to contextualize how adaptive responses over the life of the organism ultimately form the basis for HSC functional degradation with age. We particularly focus on the role of cell cycle regulation, inflammatory response pathways, epigenetic changes, and metabolic regulation. We then explore how the knowledge of age-related changes in HSC regulation can inform strategies for the rejuvenation of old HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kasbekar
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carl A Mitchell
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melissa A Proven
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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5
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Mehreen A, Suresh S, Freedman AA, Ernst LM. Histopathologic Findings in Large for Gestational Age Placentas and Correlation With CD15 Immunohistochemistry. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2023; 26:458-465. [PMID: 37599445 DOI: 10.1177/10935266231191965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histopathology and CD15 expression in large for gestational age (LGA) placentas is not well-documented. METHODS To analyze this, we utilized 2 separate cohorts of placentas from singleton term deliveries. LGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) placentas were compared for major histopathologies including acute and chronic inflammation, maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion, delayed villous maturation (DVM), and villous hypervascularity/chorangiosis. We also examined CD15 immunohistochemistry in LGA and AGA placentas. Stained slides were reviewed blinded to the placental weight. Five random 20× fields were scored semi-quantitatively for CD15 staining of villous capillaries on a scale of 0 to 5 (0 = 0%, 1 = 1%-5%, 2 = 5%-25%, 3 = 25%-50%, 4 = 50%-75%, and 5 = >75%). RESULTS In 1 cohort, 1238 LGA and 7908 AGA placentas were identified. Patients with LGA placentas were significantly more likely to have higher birthweight babies, obesity, hypertensive disorders, pre-gestational, and gestational diabetes. Also, LGA placentas had a higher prevalence of fetal vascular malperfusion, DVM, and villous chorangiosis. In other cohort of 75 LGA placentas and 73 AGA controls, the average score of CD15 staining in villous capillaries was significantly higher amongst LGA placentas. CONCLUSION We conclude that LGA placentas have increased expression of CD15 in villous capillary endothelium and higher prevalence of FVM, DVM, and villous chorangiosis than AGA placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Mehreen
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sunitha Suresh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alexa A Freedman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Linda M Ernst
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
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6
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Zheng H, Chen Y, Luo Q, Zhang J, Huang M, Xu Y, Huo D, Shan W, Tie R, Zhang M, Qian P, Huang H. Generating hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells: approaches, progress and challenges. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 37656237 PMCID: PMC10474004 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been suggested as a potential source for the production of blood cells for clinical application. In two decades, almost all types of blood cells can be successfully generated from hPSCs through various differentiated strategies. Meanwhile, with a deeper understanding of hematopoiesis, higher efficiency of generating progenitors and precursors of blood cells from hPSCs is achieved. However, how to generate large-scale mature functional cells from hPSCs for clinical use is still difficult. In this review, we summarized recent approaches that generated both hematopoietic stem cells and mature lineage cells from hPSCs, and remarked their efficiency and mechanisms in producing mature functional cells. We also discussed the major challenges in hPSC-derived products of blood cells and provided some potential solutions. Our review summarized efficient, simple, and defined methodologies for developing good manufacturing practice standards for hPSC-derived blood cells, which will facilitate the translation of these products into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dawei Huo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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7
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Calvanese V, Mikkola HKA. The genesis of human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2023; 142:519-532. [PMID: 37339578 PMCID: PMC10447622 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental hematopoiesis consists of multiple, partially overlapping hematopoietic waves that generate the differentiated blood cells required for embryonic development while establishing a pool of undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for postnatal life. This multilayered design in which active hematopoiesis migrates through diverse extra and intraembryonic tissues has made it difficult to define a roadmap for generating HSCs vs non-self-renewing progenitors, especially in humans. Recent single-cell studies have helped in identifying the rare human HSCs at stages when functional assays are unsuitable for distinguishing them from progenitors. This approach has made it possible to track the origin of human HSCs to the unique type of arterial endothelium in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and document novel benchmarks for HSC migration and maturation in the conceptus. These studies have delivered new insights into the intricate process of HSC generation and provided tools to inform the in vitro efforts to replicate the physiological developmental journey from pluripotent stem cells via distinct mesodermal and endothelial intermediates to HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calvanese
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hanna K. A. Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Thomas JR, Appios A, Calderbank EF, Yoshida N, Zhao X, Hamilton RS, Moffett A, Sharkey A, Laurenti E, Hanna CW, McGovern N. Primitive haematopoiesis in the human placenta gives rise to macrophages with epigenetically silenced HLA-DR. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1764. [PMID: 36997537 PMCID: PMC10063560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The earliest macrophages are generated during embryonic development from erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) via primitive haematopoiesis. Although this process is thought to be spatially restricted to the yolk sac in the mouse, in humans, it remains poorly understood. Human foetal placental macrophages, or Hofbauer cells (HBC), arise during the primitive haematopoietic wave ~18 days post conception and lack expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II. Here, we identify a population of placental erythro-myeloid progenitors (PEMPs) in the early human placenta that have conserved features of primitive yolk sac EMPs, including the lack of HLF expression. Using in vitro culture experiments we demonstrate that PEMP generate HBC-like cells lacking HLA-DR expression. We find the absence of HLA-DR in primitive macrophages is mediated via epigenetic silencing of class II transactivator, CIITA, the master regulator of HLA class II gene expression. These findings establish the human placenta as an additional site of primitive haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Thomas
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Appios
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily F Calderbank
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nagisa Yoshida
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Courtney W Hanna
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Naomi McGovern
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Harris SM, Su AL, Dou JF, Loch-Caruso R, Elkin ER, Jaber S, Bakulski KM. Placental Cell Conditioned Media Modifies Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transcriptome In Vitro. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534393. [PMID: 37034658 PMCID: PMC10081206 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cells are cells that differentiate into all blood cell types. Although the placenta secretes hormones, proteins and other factors important for maternal and fetal health, cross-talk between placental cells and hematopoietic stem cells is poorly understood. Moreover, toxicant impacts on placental-hematopoietic stem cell communication is understudied. The goals of this study were to determine if factors secreted from placental cells alter transcriptomic responses in hematopoietic stem cells and if monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the bioactive metabolite of the pollutant diethylhexyl phthalate, modifies these effects. Methods We used K-562 and BeWo cells as in vitro models of hematopoietic stem cells and placental syncytiotrophoblasts, respectively. We treated K-562 cells with medium conditioned by incubation with BeWo cells, medium conditioned with BeWo cells treated with 10 μM MEHP for 24 hours, or controls treated with unconditioned medium. We extracted K-562 cell RNA, performed RNA sequencing, then conducted differential gene expression and pathway analysis by treatment group. Results Relative to controls, K-562 cells treated with BeWo cell conditioned medium differentially expressed 173 genes (FDR<0.05 and fold-change>2.0), including 2.4 fold upregulatation of TPM4 and 3.3 fold upregulatation of S1PR3. Upregulated genes were enriched for pathways including stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and immune processes. Downregulated genes were enriched for terms involved in protein translation and transcriptional regulation. MEHP treatment differentially expressed eight genes (FDR<0.05), including genes involved in lipid metabolism (PLIN2, fold-change: 1.4; CPT1A, fold-change: 1.4). Conclusion K-562 cells, a model of hematopoietic stem cells, are responsive to media conditioned by placental cells, potentially impacting pathways like stem cell maintenance and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Harris
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anthony L. Su
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - John F. Dou
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elana R. Elkin
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sammy Jaber
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kelly M. Bakulski
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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10
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Shevyrev D, Tereshchenko V, Berezina TN, Rybtsov S. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and the Immune System in Development and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065862. [PMID: 36982935 PMCID: PMC10056303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) support haematopoiesis throughout life and give rise to the whole variety of cells of the immune system. Developing in the early embryo, passing through the precursor stage, and maturing into the first HSCs, they undergo a fairly large number of divisions while maintaining a high regenerative potential due to high repair activity. This potential is greatly reduced in adult HSCs. They go into a state of dormancy and anaerobic metabolism to maintain their stemness throughout life. However, with age, changes occur in the pool of HSCs that negatively affect haematopoiesis and the effectiveness of immunity. Niche aging and accumulation of mutations with age reduces the ability of HSCs to self-renew and changes their differentiation potential. This is accompanied by a decrease in clonal diversity and a disturbance of lymphopoiesis (decrease in the formation of naive T- and B-cells) and the predominance of myeloid haematopoiesis. Aging also affects mature cells, regardless of HSC, therefore, phagocytic activity and the intensity of the oxidative burst decrease, and the efficiency of processing and presentation of antigens by myeloid cells is impaired. Aging cells of innate and adaptive immunity produce factors that form a chronic inflammatory background. All these processes have a serious negative impact on the protective properties of the immune system, increasing inflammation, the risk of developing autoimmune, oncological, and cardiovascular diseases with age. Understanding the mechanisms of reducing the regenerative potential in a comparative analysis of embryonic and aging HSCs, the features of inflammatory aging will allow us to get closer to deciphering the programs for the development, aging, regeneration and rejuvenation of HSCs and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Shevyrev
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Valeriy Tereshchenko
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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11
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Campbell KA, Colacino JA, Puttabyatappa M, Dou JF, Elkin ER, Hammoud SS, Domino SE, Dolinoy DC, Goodrich JM, Loch-Caruso R, Padmanabhan V, Bakulski KM. Placental cell type deconvolution reveals that cell proportions drive preeclampsia gene expression differences. Commun Biol 2023; 6:264. [PMID: 36914823 PMCID: PMC10011423 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta mediates adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, which is characterized by gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Placental cell type heterogeneity in preeclampsia is not well-understood and limits mechanistic interpretation of bulk gene expression measures. We generated single-cell RNA-sequencing samples for integration with existing data to create the largest deconvolution reference of 19 fetal and 8 maternal cell types from placental villous tissue (n = 9 biological replicates) at term (n = 40,494 cells). We deconvoluted eight published microarray case-control studies of preeclampsia (n = 173 controls, 157 cases). Preeclampsia was associated with excess extravillous trophoblasts and fewer mesenchymal and Hofbauer cells. Adjustment for cellular composition reduced preeclampsia-associated differentially expressed genes (log2 fold-change cutoff = 0.1, FDR < 0.05) from 1154 to 0, whereas downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, aerobic respiration, and ribosome biogenesis were robust to cell type adjustment, suggesting direct changes to these pathways. Cellular composition mediated a substantial proportion of the association between preeclampsia and FLT1 (37.8%, 95% CI [27.5%, 48.8%]), LEP (34.5%, 95% CI [26.0%, 44.9%]), and ENG (34.5%, 95% CI [25.0%, 45.3%]) overexpression. Our findings indicate substantial placental cellular heterogeneity in preeclampsia contributes to previously observed bulk gene expression differences. This deconvolution reference lays the groundwork for cellular heterogeneity-aware investigation into placental dysfunction and adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Campbell
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - John F Dou
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elana R Elkin
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saher S Hammoud
- Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Domino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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12
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Cord Blood Plasma and Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Increase Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells While Maintaining Their Stemness. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020250. [PMID: 36672185 PMCID: PMC9857343 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used for ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to maintain their primitive characters and long-term reconstitution abilities during transplantation. Therapeutic effects of MSCs mainly rely on paracrine mechanisms, including secretion of exosomes (Exos). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of cord blood plasma (CBP)-derived Exos (CBP Exos) and Placental MSCs-derived Exos (MSCs Exos) on the expansion of UCB HSCs to increase their numbers and keep their primitive characteristics. METHODS CD34+ cells were isolated from UCB, cultured for 10 days, and the expanded HSCs were sub-cultured in semisolid methylcellulose media for primitive colony forming units (CFUs) assay. MSCs were cultured from placental chorionic plates. RESULTS CBP Exos and MSCs Exos compared with the control group significantly increased the number of total nucleated cells (TNCs), invitro expansion of CD34+ cells, primitive subpopulations of CD34+38+ and CD34+38-Lin- cells (p < 0.001). The expanded cells showed a significantly higher number of total CFUs in the Exos groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION CBP- and placental-derived exosomes are associated with significant ex vivo expansion of UCB HSCs, while maintaining their primitive characters and may eliminate the need for transplantation of an additional unit of UCB.
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13
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Covarrubias A, Aguilera-Olguín M, Carrasco-Wong I, Pardo F, Díaz-Astudillo P, Martín SS. Feto-placental Unit: From Development to Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:1-29. [PMID: 37466767 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is an intriguing organ that allows us to survive intrauterine life. This essential organ connects both mother and fetus and plays a crucial role in maternal and fetal well-being. This chapter presents an overview of the morphological and functional aspects of human placental development. First, we describe early human placental development and the characterization of the cell types found in the human placenta. Second, the human placenta from the second trimester to the term of gestation is reviewed, focusing on the morphology and specific pathologies that affect the placenta. Finally, we focus on the placenta's primary functions, such as oxygen and nutrient transport, and their importance for placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambart Covarrubias
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán, Chile
| | - Macarena Aguilera-Olguín
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Cellular Signalling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), Medicine and Science Faculty, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivo Carrasco-Wong
- Cellular Signalling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Medicine and Science Faculty, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Centre of Territorial Health Research (CIISTe), Biomedical Research Center (CIB), San Felipe Campus, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe, Chile
| | - Pamela Díaz-Astudillo
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile.
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile.
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14
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Clonal Hematopoiesis: Role in Hematologic and Non-Hematologic Malignancies. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2022; 14:e2022069. [PMID: 36119457 PMCID: PMC9448266 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2022.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ensure the coordinated and balanced production of all hematopoietic cell types throughout life. Aging is associated with a gradual decline of the self-renewal and regenerative potential of HSCs and with the development of clonal hematopoiesis. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) defines the clonal expansion of genetically variant hematopoietic cells bearing one or more gene mutations and/or structural variants (such as copy number alterations). CHIP increases exponentially with age and is associated with cancers, including hematologic neoplasia, cardiovascular and other diseases. The presence of CHIP consistently increases the risk of hematologic malignancy, particularly in individuals who have CHIP in association with peripheral blood cytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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15
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Patel SH, Christodoulou C, Weinreb C, Yu Q, da Rocha EL, Pepe-Mooney BJ, Bowling S, Li L, Osorio FG, Daley GQ, Camargo FD. Lifelong multilineage contribution by embryonic-born blood progenitors. Nature 2022; 606:747-753. [PMID: 35705805 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise in the embryo from the arterial endothelium through a process known as the endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT)1-4. This process generates hundreds of blood progenitors, of which a fraction go on to become definitive HSCs. It is generally thought that most adult blood is derived from those HSCs, but to what extent other progenitors contribute to adult haematopoiesis is not known. Here we use in situ barcoding and classical fate mapping to assess the developmental and clonal origins of adult blood in mice. Our analysis uncovers an early wave of progenitor specification-independent of traditional HSCs-that begins soon after EHT. These embryonic multipotent progenitors (eMPPs) predominantly drive haematopoiesis in the young adult, have a decreasing yet lifelong contribution over time and are the predominant source of lymphoid output. Putative eMPPs are specified within intra-arterial haematopoietic clusters and represent one fate of the earliest haematopoietic progenitors. Altogether, our results reveal functional heterogeneity during the definitive wave that leads to distinct sources of adult blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin H Patel
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Caleb Weinreb
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Yu
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Bowling
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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16
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Mapping human haematopoietic stem cells from haemogenic endothelium to birth. Nature 2022; 604:534-540. [PMID: 35418685 PMCID: PMC9645817 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ontogeny of human haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is poorly defined owing to the inability to identify HSCs as they emerge and mature at different haematopoietic sites1. Here we created a single-cell transcriptome map of human haematopoietic tissues from the first trimester to birth and found that the HSC signature RUNX1+HOXA9+MLLT3+MECOM+HLF+SPINK2+ distinguishes HSCs from progenitors throughout gestation. In addition to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, nascent HSCs populated the placenta and yolk sac before colonizing the liver at 6 weeks. A comparison of HSCs at different maturation stages revealed the establishment of HSC transcription factor machinery after the emergence of HSCs, whereas their surface phenotype evolved throughout development. The HSC transition to the liver marked a molecular shift evidenced by suppression of surface antigens reflecting nascent HSC identity, and acquisition of the HSC maturity markers CD133 (encoded by PROM1) and HLA-DR. HSC origin was tracked to ALDH1A1+KCNK17+ haemogenic endothelial cells, which arose from an IL33+ALDH1A1+ arterial endothelial subset termed pre-haemogenic endothelial cells. Using spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence, we visualized this process in ventrally located intra-aortic haematopoietic clusters. The in vivo map of human HSC ontogeny validated the generation of aorta-gonad-mesonephros-like definitive haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells, and serves as a guide to improve their maturation to functional HSCs.
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17
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New insights into Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells via Single-Cell Omics. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1322-1336. [PMID: 35318612 PMCID: PMC8939482 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Residing at the apex of the hematopoietic hierarchy, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) give rise to all mature blood cells. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in single-cell RNA sequencing as well as multi-omics technologies that have facilitated elucidation of the heterogeneity of previously defined human HSPCs. From the embryonic stage through the adult stage to aging, single-cell studies have enabled us to trace the origins of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating different hematopoietic differentiation during development, as well as identifying novel cell populations. In both hematological benign diseases and malignancies, single-cell omics technologies have begun to reveal tissue heterogeneity and have permitted mapping of microenvironmental ecosystems and tracking of cell subclones, thereby greatly broadening our understanding of disease development. Furthermore, advances have also been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms for relapse and identifying therapeutic targets of hematological disorders and other non-hematological diseases. Extensive exploration of hematopoiesis at the single-cell level may thus have great potential for broad clinical applications of HSPCs, as well as disease prognosis.
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18
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Deng L, Lu Y, Yang D, Yang F, Ruan H, Wei C, Lai K, Pang L. Placental transcriptome sequencing combined with bioinformatics predicts potential genes and circular RNAs associated with hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 48:313-327. [PMID: 34935248 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome (BHFS) is the most severe form of α-thalassemia. Histological alternations can be observed in placenta, but placental transcriptome profile and circular RNAs have not been studied in this disease. The aim of this study was to define the placental transcriptional changes and find relevant circular RNAs in BHFS. METHODS We performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to detect placental samples from fetuses affected by BHFS (n = 5) and normal fetuses (NF, n = 5), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Sanger sequencing to validate the differentially expressed circRNAs and their potentially related miRNAs (BHFS, n = 22; NF, n = 11). Bioinformatics methods were performed for further analysis. RESULTS Our results showed 152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 112 circRNAs, and 45 microRNAs that were differentially expressed. DEGs were found to be involved in Gene Ontology terms related to gas transport, cell adhesion, oxidative stress, organ development, hemopoiesis, and others. RT-qPCR results showed that hsa_circ_0003961 and hsa_circ_0006687 were upregulated (p < 0.05). The competing endogenous RNA and co-expression networks showed that hsa_circ_0003961 and hsa_circ_0006687 were connected with 3 miRNAs and some DEGs, including cell adhesion genes (e.g., CLDN19), hemoglobin related genes (e.g., SOX6 and HBZ) and angiogenesis related genes (e.g., EPHB2). Downregulations of hsa-miR-1299 and hsa-miR-625-5p in ceRNA network were also validated by RT-qPCR. Gene set enrichment analysis results for the two circRNAs showed that some gene sets associated with cell adhesion, hematopoietic system and apoptosis were significantly enriched. CONCLUSIONS Our study characterized the placental transcriptome of BHFS. The circRNAs hsa_circ_0003961 and hsa_circ_0006687 in placenta may be relevant to BHFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Deng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yebin Lu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Heyun Ruan
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Ketong Lai
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lihong Pang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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19
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Iesato A, Li S, Roti G, Hacker MR, Fischer AH, Nucera C. Lenvatinib Targets PDGFR-β Pericytes and Inhibits Synergy With Thyroid Carcinoma Cells: Novel Translational Insights. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3569-3590. [PMID: 34302727 PMCID: PMC8864753 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pericyte populations abundantly express tyrosine kinases (eg, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β [PDGFR-β]) and impact therapeutic response. Lenvatinib is a clinically available tyrosine kinase inhibitor that also targets PDGFR-β. Duration of therapeutic response was shorter in patients with greater disease burden and metastasis. Patients may develop drug resistance and tumor progression. OBJECTIVES Develop a gene signature of pericyte abundance to assess with tumor aggressiveness and determine both the response of thyroid-derived pericytes to lenvatinib and their synergies with thyroid carcinoma-derived cells. DESIGN Using a new gene signature, we estimated the relative abundance of pericytes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and normal thyroid (NT) TCGA samples. We also cocultured CD90+;PAX8- thyroid-derived pericytes and BRAFWT/V600E-PTC-derived cells to determine effects of coculture on paracrine communications and lenvatinib response. RESULTS Pericyte abundance is significantly higher in BRAFV600E-PTC with hTERT mutations and copy number alterations compared with NT or BRAFWT-PTC samples, even when data are corrected for clinical-pathologic confounders. We have identified upregulated pathways important for tumor survival, immunomodulation, RNA transcription, cell-cycle regulation, and cholesterol metabolism. Pericyte growth is significantly increased by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, which activates phospho(p)-PDGFR-β, pERK1/2, and pAKT. Lenvatinib strongly inhibits pericyte viability by down-regulating MAPK, pAKT, and p-p70S6-kinase downstream PDGFR-β. Critically, lenvatinib significantly induces higher BRAFWT/V600E-PTC cell death when cocultured with pericytes, as a result of pericyte targeting via PDGFR-β. CONCLUSIONS This is the first thyroid-specific model of lenvatinib therapeutic efficacy against pericyte viability, which disadvantages BRAFWT/V600E-PTC growth. Assessing pericyte abundance in patients with PTC could be essential to selection rationales for appropriate targeted therapy with lenvatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Iesato
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Li
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Fischer
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, 01605, MA, USA
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
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20
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Wang H, Li X, Kajikawa T, Shin J, Lim JH, Kourtzelis I, Nagai K, Korostoff JM, Grossklaus S, Naumann R, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G. Stromal cell-derived DEL-1 inhibits Tfh cell activation and inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e150578. [PMID: 34403362 PMCID: PMC8483759 DOI: 10.1172/jci150578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein developmental endothelial locus 1 (DEL-1) regulates inflammatory cell recruitment and protects against inflammatory pathologies in animal models. Here, we investigated DEL-1 in inflammatory arthritis using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen Ab-induced arthritis (CAIA) models. In both models, mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of DEL-1 were protected from arthritis relative to WT controls, whereas arthritis was exacerbated in DEL-1-deficient mice. Compared with WT controls, mice with collagen VI promoter-driven overexpression of DEL-1 in mesenchymal cells were protected against CIA but not CAIA, suggesting a role for DEL-1 in the induction of the arthritogenic Ab response. Indeed, DEL-1 was expressed in perivascular stromal cells of the lymph nodes and inhibited Tfh and germinal center B cell responses. Mechanistically, DEL-1 inhibited DC-dependent induction of Tfh cells by targeting the LFA-1 integrin on T cells. Overall, DEL-1 restrained arthritis through a dual mechanism, one acting locally in the joints and associated with the anti-recruitment function of endothelial cell-derived DEL-1; the other mechanism acting systemically in the lymph nodes and associated with the ability of stromal cell-derived DEL-1 to restrain Tfh responses. DEL-1 may therefore be a promising therapeutic for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Kajikawa
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jieun Shin
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jong-Hyung Lim
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kosuke Nagai
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Korostoff
- Department of Periodontics, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sylvia Grossklaus
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Transgenic Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Duguid A, Mattiucci D, Ottersbach K. Infant leukaemia - faithful models, cell of origin and the niche. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049189. [PMID: 34713888 PMCID: PMC8560498 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients and their families, the diagnosis of infant leukaemia is devastating. This disease has not seen the improvements in outcomes experienced with other paediatric leukaemias and it is becoming ever more apparent that infant leukaemia is a distinct biological entity. Insights into some of the distinguishing features of infant leukaemia, such as a single mutation - the MLL-gene rearrangement, the biology of disease aggressiveness and lineage plasticity, and the high incidence of central nervous system involvement, are likely to be gained from understanding the interactions between leukaemic cells and their environment or niche. The origins of infant leukaemia lie in the embryonic haematopoietic system, which is characterised by shifting locations and dynamic changes in the microenvironment. Understanding this foetal or embryonic context is integral to understanding infant leukaemia development. Owing to its rarity and prenatal origins, developing accurate modelling systems for further investigation of infant leukaemia is essential. In this Review, we discuss how available in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo infant leukaemia models contribute to our current understanding of the leukaemia niche in embryonic development, established disease and specialised non-haematopoietic niches. The mechanistic insights provided by accurate models will help identify viable novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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22
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Li Y, Magee JA. Transcriptional reprogramming in neonatal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 101-102:25-33. [PMID: 34303776 PMCID: PMC8557639 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) undergo profound shifts in gene expression during the neonatal and juvenile stages of life. Temporal changes in HSC/HPC gene expression underlie concomitant changes in self-renewal capacity, lineage biases, and hematopoietic output. Moreover, they can modify disease phenotypes. For example, childhood leukemias have distinct driver mutation profiles relative to adult leukemias, and they may arise from distinct cells of origin. The putative relationship between neonatal HSC/HPC ontogeny and childhood blood disorders highlights the importance of understanding how, at a mechanistic level, HSCs transition from fetal to adult transcriptional states. In this perspective piece, we summarize recent work indicating that the transition is uncoordinated and imprecisely timed. We discuss implications of these findings, including mechanisms that might enable neonatal HSCs and HPCs to acquire adultlike properties over a drawn-out period, in lieu of precise gene regulatory networks. The transition from fetal to adult transcriptional programs coincides with a pulse of type I interferon signaling that activates many genes associated with the adultlike state. This pulse may sensitize HSCs/HPCs to mutations that drive leukemogenesis shortly after birth. If we can understand how developmental switches modulate HSC and HPC fate after birth-both under normal circumstances and in the setting of disease-causing mutations-we can potentially reprogram these switches to treat or prevent childhood leukemias.
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23
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Mack R, Zhang L, Breslin Sj P, Zhang J. The Fetal-to-Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transition and its Role in Childhood Hematopoietic Malignancies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2059-2080. [PMID: 34424480 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As with most organ systems that undergo continuous generation and maturation during the transition from fetal to adult life, the hematopoietic and immune systems also experience dynamic changes. Such changes lead to many unique features in blood cell function and immune responses in early childhood. The blood cells and immune cells in neonates are a mixture of fetal and adult origin due to the co-existence of both fetal and adult types of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs). Fetal blood and immune cells gradually diminish during maturation of the infant and are almost completely replaced by adult types of cells by 3 to 4 weeks after birth in mice. Such features in early childhood are associated with unique features of hematopoietic and immune diseases, such as leukemia, at these developmental stages. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which hematopoietic and immune changes occur throughout ontogeny will provide useful information for the study and treatment of pediatric blood and immune diseases. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies on hematopoietic initiation during early embryonic development, the expansion of both fetal and adult types of HSCs and HPCs in the fetal liver and fetal bone marrow stages, and the shift from fetal to adult hematopoiesis/immunity during neonatal/infant development. We also discuss the contributions of fetal types of HSCs/HPCs to childhood leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin Sj
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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Correa-Gallegos D, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Fibroblasts as confederates of the immune system. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:147-162. [PMID: 34036608 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic stromal cells are as diverse, in origin and function, as the niches they fashion in the mammalian body. This cellular variety impacts the spectrum of responses elicited by the immune system. Fibroblast influence on the immune system keeps evolving our perspective on fibroblast roles and functions beyond just a passive structural part of organs. This review discusses the foundations of fibroblastic stromal-immune crosstalk, under the scope of stromal heterogeneity as a basis for tissue-specific tutoring of the immune system. Focusing on the skin as a relevant immunological organ, we detail the complex interactions between distinct fibroblast populations and immune cells that occur during homeostasis, injury repair, scarring, and disease. We further review the relevance of fibroblastic stromal cell heterogeneity and how this heterogeneity is central to regulate the immune system from its inception during embryonic development into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Correa-Gallegos
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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25
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Brown G. Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Nature and Niche Nurture. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:bioengineering8050067. [PMID: 34063400 PMCID: PMC8155961 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Like all cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their offspring, the hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), are highly sociable. Their capacity to interact with bone marrow niche cells and respond to environmental cytokines orchestrates the generation of the different types of blood and immune cells. The starting point for engineering hematopoiesis ex vivo is the nature of HSCs, and a longstanding premise is that they are a homogeneous population of cells. However, recent findings have shown that adult bone marrow HSCs are really a mixture of cells, with many having lineage affiliations. A second key consideration is: Do HSCs "choose" a lineage in a random and cell-intrinsic manner, or are they instructed by cytokines? Since their discovery, the hematopoietic cytokines have been viewed as survival and proliferation factors for lineage committed HPCs. Some are now known to also instruct cell lineage choice. These fundamental changes to our understanding of hematopoiesis are important for placing niche support in the right context and for fabricating an ex vivo environment to support HSC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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26
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Canu G, Ruhrberg C. First blood: the endothelial origins of hematopoietic progenitors. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:199-211. [PMID: 33783643 PMCID: PMC8205888 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in vertebrate embryos occurs in temporally and spatially overlapping waves in close proximity to blood vascular endothelial cells. Initially, yolk sac hematopoiesis produces primitive erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages. Thereafter, sequential waves of definitive hematopoiesis arise from yolk sac and intraembryonic hemogenic endothelia through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, the endothelial and hematopoietic transcriptional programs are tightly co-regulated to orchestrate a shift in cell identity. In the yolk sac, EHT generates erythro-myeloid progenitors, which upon migration to the liver differentiate into fetal blood cells, including erythrocytes and tissue-resident macrophages. In the dorsal aorta, EHT produces hematopoietic stem cells, which engraft the fetal liver and then the bone marrow to sustain adult hematopoiesis. Recent studies have defined the relationship between the developing vascular and hematopoietic systems in animal models, including molecular mechanisms that drive the hemato-endothelial transcription program for EHT. Moreover, human pluripotent stem cells have enabled modeling of fetal human hematopoiesis and have begun to generate cell types of clinical interest for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Canu
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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27
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Hypoxia-Induced Alpha-Globin Expression in Syncytiotrophoblasts Mimics the Pattern Observed in Preeclamptic Placentas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073357. [PMID: 33806017 PMCID: PMC8036899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder associated with placental dysfunction and elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Early in pregnancy the placenta harbors hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is an extramedullary source of erythropoiesis. However, globin expression is not unique to erythroid cells and can be triggered by hypoxia. To investigate the role of the placenta in increasing globin levels previously reported in PE, flow cytometry, histological and immunostaining and in situ analyses were used on placenta samples and ex vivo explant cultures. Our results indicated that in PE pregnancies, placental HSPC homing and erythropoiesis were not affected. Non-erythroid alpha-globin mRNA and protein, but not gamma-globin, were detected in syncytiotrophoblasts and stroma of PE placenta samples. Similarly, alpha-globin protein and mRNA were upregulated in normal placenta explants cultured in hypoxia. The upregulation was independent of HIF1 and NRF2, the two main candidates of globin transcription in non-erythroid cells. Our study is the first to demonstrate alpha-globin mRNA expression in syncytiotrophoblasts in PE, induced by hypoxia. However, gamma-globin was only expressed in erythrocytes. We conclude that alpha-globin, but not HbF, is expressed in placental syncytiotrophoblasts in PE and may contribute to the pathology of the disease.
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28
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Sonoda Y. Human CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells: The current understanding of their biological nature. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:13-26. [PMID: 33610645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) heterogeneity and hierarchy are a current topic of interest, having major implications for clinical HSC transplantation and basic research on human HSCs. It was long believed that the most primitive HSCs in mammals, including mice and humans, were CD34 antigen positive (CD34+). However, 2 decades ago, it was reported that murine long-term multilineage reconstituting HSCs were lineage marker negative (Lin-, i.e., c-kit+Sca-1+CD34low/-), known as CD34low/- KSL cells. In contrast, human CD34- HSCs, a counterpart of murine CD34low/- KSL cells, were hard to identify for a long time mainly because of their rarity. We previously identified very primitive human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) using the intra-bone marrow injection method and proposed the new concept that CD34- SRCs (HSCs) reside at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy. Through a series of studies, we identified two positive/enrichment markers: CD133 and GPI-80. The combination of these two markers enabled the development of an ultrahigh-resolution purification method for CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs and the successful purification of both HSCs at the single-cell level. Cell population purity is a crucial prerequisite for reliable biological and molecular analyses. Clonal analyses of highly purified human CD34- HSCs have revealed their potent megakaryocyte/erythrocyte differentiation potential. Based on these observations, we propose a revised road map for the commitment of human CB-derived CD34- HSCs. This review updates the current understanding of the stem cell nature of human CB-derived primitive CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
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29
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Cazzola A, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Meneveri R, Brunelli S, Azzoni E. Prenatal Origin of Pediatric Leukemia: Lessons From Hematopoietic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618164. [PMID: 33511126 PMCID: PMC7835397 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that childhood leukemia, the most common cancer in young age, originates during in utero development. However, our knowledge of the cellular origin of this large and heterogeneous group of malignancies is still incomplete. The identification and characterization of their cell of origin is of crucial importance in order to define the processes that initiate and sustain disease progression, to refine faithful animal models and to identify novel therapeutic approaches. During embryogenesis, hematopoiesis takes place at different anatomical sites in sequential waves, and occurs in both a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-dependent and a HSC-independent fashion. Despite the recently described relevance and complexity of HSC-independent hematopoiesis, few studies have so far investigated its potential involvement in leukemogenesis. Here, we review the current knowledge on prenatal origin of leukemias in the context of recent insights in developmental hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Pediatrics, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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30
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Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Placentation in the Human and Higher Primates. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 234:223-254. [PMID: 34694484 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77360-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Placentation in humans is precocious and highly invasive compared to other mammals. Implantation is interstitial, with the conceptus becoming completely embedded within the endometrium towards the end of the second week post-fertilization. Villi initially form over the entire surface of the chorionic sac, stimulated by histotrophic secretions from the endometrial glands. The secondary yolk sac never makes contact with the chorion, and a choriovitelline placenta is never established. However, recent morphological and transcriptomic analyses suggest that the yolk sac plays an important role in the uptake of nutrients from the coelomic fluid. Measurements performed in vivo demonstrate that early development takes place in a physiological, low-oxygen environment that protects against teratogenic free radicals and maintains stem cells in a multipotent state. The maternal arterial circulation to the placenta is only fully established around 10-12 weeks of gestation. By then, villi have regressed over the superficial, abembryonic pole, leaving the definitive discoid placenta, which is of the villous, hemochorial type. Remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries is essential to ensure a high-volume but low-velocity inflow into the mature placenta. Extravillous trophoblast cells migrate from anchoring villi and surround the arteries. Their interactions with maternal immune cells release cytokines and proteases that are key to remodeling, and a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Eric Jauniaux
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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31
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Boss AL, Brooks AES, Chamley LW, James JL. Influence of culture media on the derivation and phenotype of fetal-derived placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cells across gestation. Placenta 2020; 101:66-74. [PMID: 32932101 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Derivation of pure fetal placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (pMSCs) is key to understand their role in placental development. However, isolated pMSCs are often contaminated by maternal-derived decidual MSCs (dMSCs). EGM-2 medium promotes the derivation of term fetal pMSCs, but the extent of first-trimester maternal pMSC contamination remains unclear. Culture media can also affect MSC phenotype. Here, we examined the effects of culture media on maternal pMSC contamination and fetal pMSC phenotype across gestation. METHODS pMSCs were derived from first-trimester or term placentae in advanced-DMEM/F12 medium or EGM-2 medium. Proportions of maternal (XX) and fetal (XY) cells in male pMSC cultures were determined by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. pMSC phenotype was analysed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and Alamar blue proliferation assays. RESULTS When derived in advanced-DMEM/F12, all first trimester pMSC isolates exhibited maternal contamination (>72% XX cells, n = 5), whilst 7/9 term pMSC isolates were >98% fetal. When derived in EGM-2, all first trimester (n = 4) and term (n = 9) pMSC isolates contained 95-100% fetal cells. Fetal pMSCs in EGM-2 proliferated 2-fold (first-trimester) or 4-fold (term) faster than those in advanced-DMEM/F12 (p < 0.05, n = 3). Fetal pMSCs in both media expressed the generic MSC marker profile (CD90+, CD105+, CD73+, CD31-, CD34-, CD144-). However, pMSCs transferred from EGM-2 to advanced-DMEM/F12 increased expression of smooth muscle cell markers calponin and α-smooth muscle actin, and decreased expression of the vascular cell marker VEGFR2 (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Deriving first-trimester pMSC in EGM-2 dramatically reduces maternal dMSC contamination. Media affects fetal pMSC phenotype, and careful consideration should be given to application specific culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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Cucco C, Zhang Z, Botero TM, Chiego DJ, Castilho RM, Nör JE. SCF/C-Kit Signaling Induces Self-Renewal of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2020; 46:S56-S62. [PMID: 32950196 PMCID: PMC7508352 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The maintenance of a stem cell pool is imperative to enable healing processes in the dental pulp tissue throughout life. As such, knowing mechanisms underlying stem cell self-renewal is critical to understand pulp pathophysiology and pulp regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of stem cell factor (SCF) signaling through its receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Kit) on the self-renewal of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS The hDPSCs were stably transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA-c-Kit or vector control. The impact of the SCF/c-Kit axis on hDPSC self-renewal was evaluated by using a pulpsphere assay in low attachment conditions and by evaluating the expression of polycomb complex protein Bmi-1 (master regulator of self-renewal) by Western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS The c-Kit-silenced hDPSCs formed fewer pulpspheres when compared with hDPSCs transduced with control vector (P < .05). Evaluation of pulpsphere morphology revealed the presence of 3 distinct sphere types, ie, holospheres, merospheres, and paraspheres. Although c-Kit silencing decreased the number of holospheres compared with control cells (P < .05), it had no effect on the number of merospheres and paraspheres. Recombinant human stem cell factor (rhSCF) increased the number of holospheres (P < .05) and induced dose-dependent Bmi-1 expression in hDPSCs. As expected, the inductive capacity of rhSCF on Bmi-1 expression and fraction of Bmi-1-positive cells was inhibited when we silenced c-Kit in hDPSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results unveiled the role of SCF/c-Kit signaling on the self-renewal of hDPSCs and suggested that this pathway enables long-term maintenance of stem cell pools in human dental pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cucco
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Zhaocheng Zhang
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tatiana M Botero
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel J Chiego
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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33
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Poullet N, Golushko I, Lorman V, Travnickova J, Bureau C, Chalin D, Rochal S, Parmeggiani A, Kissa K. Mechanical instabilities of aorta drive blood stem cell production: a live study. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3453-3464. [PMID: 31732791 PMCID: PMC11104984 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During embryogenesis of all vertebrates, haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) extrude from the aorta by a complex process named endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). HSPCs will then colonize haematopoietic organs allowing haematopoiesis throughout adult life. The mechanism underlying EHT including the role of each aortic endothelial cell (EC) within the global aorta dynamics remains unknown. In the present study, we show for the first time that EHT involves the remodelling of individual cells within a collective migration of ECs which is tightly orchestrated, resulting in HSPCs extrusion in the sub-aortic space without compromising aorta integrity. By performing a cross-disciplinary study which combines high-resolution 4D imaging and theoretical analysis based on the concepts of classical mechanics, we propose that this complex developmental process is dependent on mechanical instabilities of the aorta preparing and facilitating the extrusion of HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Poullet
- DIMNP, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ivan Golushko
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge Str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lorman
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jana Travnickova
- DIMNP, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Bureau
- DIMNP, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dmitrii Chalin
- Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge Str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Sergei Rochal
- Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge Str., Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Andrea Parmeggiani
- DIMNP, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karima Kissa
- DIMNP, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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34
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Soares-da-Silva F, Peixoto M, Cumano A, Pinto-do-Ó P. Crosstalk Between the Hepatic and Hematopoietic Systems During Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:612. [PMID: 32793589 PMCID: PMC7387668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generated during embryonic development are able to maintain hematopoiesis for the lifetime, producing all mature blood lineages. HSC transplantation is a widely used cell therapy intervention in the treatment of hematologic, autoimmune and genetic disorders. Its use, however, is hampered by the inability to expand HSCs ex vivo, urging for a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating their physiological expansion. In the adult, HSCs reside in the bone marrow, in specific microenvironments that support stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Conversely, while developing, HSCs are transiently present in the fetal liver, the major hematopoietic site in the embryo, where they expand. Deeper insights on the dynamics of fetal liver composition along development, and on how these different cell types impact hematopoiesis, are needed. Both, the hematopoietic and hepatic fetal systems have been extensively studied, albeit independently. This review aims to explore their concurrent establishment and evaluate to what degree they may cross modulate their respective development. As insights on the molecular networks that govern physiological HSC expansion accumulate, it is foreseeable that strategies to enhance HSC proliferation will be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Soares-da-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Márcia Peixoto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Perpetua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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35
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Canu G, Athanasiadis E, Grandy RA, Garcia-Bernardo J, Strzelecka PM, Vallier L, Ortmann D, Cvejic A. Analysis of endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition at the single cell level identifies cell cycle regulation as a driver of differentiation. Genome Biol 2020; 21:157. [PMID: 32611441 PMCID: PMC7329542 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first arise during development in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region of the embryo from a population of haemogenic endothelial cells which undergo endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). Despite the progress achieved in recent years, the molecular mechanisms driving EHT are still poorly understood, especially in human where the AGM region is not easily accessible. RESULTS In this study, we take advantage of a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation system and single-cell transcriptomics to recapitulate EHT in vitro and uncover mechanisms by which the haemogenic endothelium generates early haematopoietic cells. We show that most of the endothelial cells reside in a quiescent state and progress to the haematopoietic fate within a defined time window, within which they need to re-enter into the cell cycle. If cell cycle is blocked, haemogenic endothelial cells lose their EHT potential and adopt a non-haemogenic identity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CDK4/6 and CDK1 play a key role not only in the transition but also in allowing haematopoietic progenitors to establish their full differentiation potential. CONCLUSION We propose a direct link between the molecular machineries that control cell cycle progression and EHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Canu
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanouil Athanasiadis
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rodrigo A Grandy
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paulina M Strzelecka
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ana Cvejic
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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36
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Gao K, He S, Kumar P, Farmer D, Zhou J, Wang A. Clonal isolation of endothelial colony-forming cells from early gestation chorionic villi of human placenta for fetal tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:123-138. [PMID: 32184937 PMCID: PMC7062038 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have been implicated in the process of vascularization, which includes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is a de novo formation of blood vessels, and is an essential physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels, which is observed both prenatally and postnatally. The placenta is an organ composed of a variety of fetal-derived cells, including ECFCs, and therefore has significant potential as a source of fetal ECFCs for tissue engineering.
AIM To investigate the possibility of isolating clonal ECFCs from human early gestation chorionic villi (CV-ECFCs) of the placenta, and assess their potential for tissue engineering.
METHODS The early gestation chorionic villus tissue was dissociated by enzyme digestion. Cells expressing CD31 were selected using magnetic-activated cell sorting, and plated in endothelial-specific growth medium. After 2-3 wks in culture, colonies displaying cobblestone-like morphology were manually picked using cloning cylinders. We characterized CV-ECFCs by flow cytometry, immunophenotyping, tube formation assay, and Dil-Ac-LDL uptake assay. Viral transduction of CV-ECFCs was performed using a Luciferase/tdTomato-containing lentiviral vector, and transduction efficiency was tested by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Compatibility of CV-ECFCs with a delivery vehicle was determined using an FDA approved, small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix scaffold.
RESULTS After four passages in 6-8 wks of culture, we obtained a total number of 1.8 × 107 CV-ECFCs using 100 mg of early gestational chorionic villus tissue. Immunophenotypic analyses by flow cytometry demonstrated that CV-ECFCs highly expressed the endothelial markers CD31, CD144, CD146, CD105, CD309, only partially expressed CD34, and did not express CD45 and CD90. CV-ECFCs were capable of acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake and tube formation, similar to cord blood-derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs). CV-ECFCs can be transduced with a Luciferase/tdTomato-containing lentiviral vector at a transduction efficiency of 85.1%. Seeding CV-ECFCs on a small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix scaffold confirmed that CV-ECFCs were compatible with the biomaterial scaffold.
CONCLUSION In summary, we established a magnetic sorting-assisted clonal isolation approach to derive CV-ECFCs. A substantial number of CV-ECFCs can be obtained within a short time frame, representing a promising novel source of ECFCs for fetal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewa Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Siqi He
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Diana Farmer
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, United States
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Abstract
The placenta is essential for normal in utero development in mammals. In humans, defective placental formation underpins common pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. The great variation in placental types across mammals means that animal models have been of limited use in understanding human placental development. However, new tools for studying human placental development, including 3D organoids, stem cell culture systems and single cell RNA sequencing, have brought new insights into this field. Here, we review the morphological, molecular and functional aspects of human placental formation, with a focus on the defining cell of the placenta - the trophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Y Turco
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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38
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Gomes AM, Kurochkin I, Chang B, Daniel M, Law K, Satija N, Lachmann A, Wang Z, Ferreira L, Ma'ayan A, Chen BK, Papatsenko D, Lemischka IR, Moore KA, Pereira CF. Cooperative Transcription Factor Induction Mediates Hemogenic Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2821-2835.e7. [PMID: 30517869 PMCID: PMC6571141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from specialized endothelial cells by a process termed endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). The genetic program driving human HSPC emergence remains largely unknown. We previously reported that the generation of hemogenic precursor cells from mouse fibroblasts recapitulates developmental hematopoiesis. Here, we demonstrate that human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into hemogenic cells by the same transcription factors. Induced cells display dynamic EHT transcriptional programs, generate hematopoietic progeny, possess HSPC cell surface phenotype, and repopulate immunodeficient mice for 3 months. Mechanistically, GATA2 and GFI1B interact and co-occupy a cohort of targets. This cooperative binding is reflected by engagement of open enhancers and promoters, initiating silencing of fibroblast genes and activating the hemogenic program. However, GATA2 displays dominant and independent targeting activity during the early phases of reprogramming. These findings shed light on the processes controlling human HSC specification and support generation of reprogrammed HSCs for clinical applications. Gomes et al. show that specification of hemogenesis in human fibroblasts is mediated by cooperative transcription factor binding. GATA2 displays dominance, interacts with GFI1B, and recruits FOS to open chromatin, simultaneously silencing the fibroblast program and initiating an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition to definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M Gomes
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Betty Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth Law
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Namita Satija
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Lachmann
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin K Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dmitri Papatsenko
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Street, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês do Pombal 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Daniel MG, Rapp K, Schaniel C, Moore KA. Induction of developmental hematopoiesis mediated by transcription factors and the hematopoietic microenvironment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1466:59-72. [PMID: 31621095 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The induction of hematopoiesis in various cell types via transcription factor (TF) reprogramming has been demonstrated by several strategies. The eventual goal of these approaches is to generate a product for unmet needs in hematopoietic cell transplantation therapies. The most successful strategies hew closely to clues provided from developmental hematopoiesis in terms of factor expression and environmental cues. In this review, we aim to summarize the TFs that play important roles in developmental hematopoiesis primarily and to also touch on adult hematopoiesis. Several aspects of cellular and molecular biology coalesce in this process, with TFs and surrounding cellular signals playing a major role in the overall development of the hematopoietic lineage. We attempt to put these elements into the context of reprogramming and highlight their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Daniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Katrina Rapp
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Kateri A Moore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
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40
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Abstract
Evidence of the diversity and multi-layered organization of the hematopoietic system is leading to new insights that may inform ex vivo production of blood cells. Interestingly, not all long-lived hematopoietic cells derive from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we review the current knowledge on HSC-dependent cell lineages and HSC-independent tissue-resident hematopoietic cells and how they arise during embryonic development. Classical embryological and genetic experiments, cell fate tracing data, single-cell imaging, and transcriptomics studies provide information on the molecular/cell trajectories that form the complete hematopoietic system. We also discuss the current developmentally informed efforts toward generating engraftable and multilineage blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Dzierzak
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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41
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High Proliferative Placenta-Derived Multipotent Cells Express Cytokeratin 7 at Low Level. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2098749. [PMID: 31392209 PMCID: PMC6662495 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2098749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunophenotypes and gene expression profile of high proliferative placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs) population at different stages of culture. We demonstrated that the colonies resulting from single cells were either positive or negative for CK7, whereas only PDMC clones with weak CK7 expression (CK7low-clones) were highly proliferative. Interestingly, vimentin positive (Vim+) placental stromal mesenchymal cells did not express CK7 in situ, but double CK7+Vim+ cells detection in tissue explants and explants outgrowth indicated CK7 inducible expression in vitro. PCNA presence in CK7+Vim+ cells during placental explants culturing confirmed belonging of these cells to proliferative subpopulation. Transcription factors CDX2 and EOMES were expressed in both CK7low-clones and subset of stromal mesenchymal cells of first-trimester placental tissue in situ. Meanwhile, CK7low -clones and stromal mesenchymal cells of full-term placental tissue in situ expressed ERG heterogeneously. SPP1, COL2A1, and PPARG2 mesodermal-related genes expression by CK7low-clones additionally confirms their mesenchymal origin. Inherent stem cell-related gene expression (IFTM3, POU5F1, and VASA) in CK7low-clones might indicate their enrichment for progenitors. Finally, in CK7low-clones we observed expression of such trophoblast-associated genes as CGB types I and II, fusogenic ERVW-1, GCM1, and GATA3. Thus, our results indicate that PDMCs acquired the representative immunophenotype signature under culture conditions.
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42
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Understanding the Journey of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2141475. [PMID: 31198425 PMCID: PMC6526542 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2141475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) surface during embryogenesis leading to the genesis of the hematopoietic system, which is vital for immune function, homeostasis balance, and inflammatory responses in the human body. Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation, which initiates from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is responsible for the generation of all adult blood cells. With their self-renewing and pluripotent properties, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to create in vitro models of differentiation that will revolutionize our understanding of human development, especially of the human blood system. The utilization of hPSCs provides newfound approaches for studying the origins of human blood cell diseases and generating progenitor populations for cell-based treatments. Current shortages in our knowledge of adult HSCs and the molecular mechanisms that control hematopoietic development in physiological and pathological conditions can be resolved with better understanding of the regulatory networks involved in hematopoiesis, their impact on gene expression, and further enhance our ability to develop novel strategies of clinical importance. In this review, we delve into the recent advances in the understanding of the various cellular and molecular pathways that lead to blood development from hPSCs and examine the current knowledge of human hematopoietic development. We also review how in vitro differentiation of hPSCs can undergo hematopoietic transition and specification, including major subtypes, and consider techniques and protocols that facilitate the generation of hematopoietic stem cells.
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43
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Sher N, Ofir R. Placenta-Derived Adherent Stromal Cell Therapy for Hematopoietic Disorders: A Case Study of PLX-R18. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:140-150. [PMID: 29562777 PMCID: PMC6434483 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717727543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ephemeral placenta provides a noncontroversial source of young, healthy cells of both maternal and fetal origin from which cell therapy products can be manufactured. The 2 advantages of using live cells as therapeutic entities are: (a) in their environmental-responsive, multifactorial secretion profile and (b) in their activity as a “slow-release drug delivery system,” releasing secretions over a long time frame. A major difficulty in translating cell therapy to the clinic involves challenges of large-scale, robust manufacturing while maintaining product characteristics, identity, and efficacy. To address these concerns early on, Pluristem developed the PLacental eXpanded (PLX) platform, the first good manufacturing practice–approved, 3-dimensional bioreactor-based cell growth platform, to enable culture of mesenchymal-like adherent stromal cells harvested from the postpartum placenta. One of the products produced by Pluristem on this platform is PLX-R18, a product mainly comprising placental fetal cells, which is proven in vivo to alleviate radiation-induced lethality and to enhance hematopoietic cell counts after bone marrow (BM) failure. The identified mechanism of action of PLX-R18 cells is one of the cell-derived systemic pro-hematopoietic secretions, which upregulate endogenous secretions and subsequently rescue BM and peripheral blood cellularity, thereby boosting survival. PLX-R18 is therefore currently under study to treat both the hematopoietic syndrome of acute radiation (under the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]’s Animal Rule) and the incomplete engraftment after BM transplantation (in a phase I study). In the future, they could potentially address additional hematological indications, such as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, primary graft failure, and acute or chronic graft versus host disease.
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Lo Iacono M, Russo E, Anzalone R, Baiamonte E, Alberti G, Gerbino A, Maggio A, La Rocca G, Acuto S. Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Support the Expansion of Cord Blood-derived CD34 + Cells Mimicking a Hematopoietic Niche in a Direct Cell-cell Contact Culture System. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:117-129. [PMID: 29562783 PMCID: PMC6434478 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717737089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) have been recently exploited as a feeder layer in coculture systems to expand umbilical cord blood–hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (UCB-HSPCs). Here, we investigated the role of WJ-MSCs in supporting ex vivo UCB-HSPC expansion either when cultured in direct contact (DC) with WJ-MSCs or separated by a transwell system or in the presence of WJ-MSC–conditioned medium. We found, in short-term culture, a greater degree of expansion of UCB-CD34+ cells in a DC system (15.7 ± 4.1-fold increase) with respect to the other conditions. Moreover, in DC, we evidenced two different CD34+ cell populations (one floating and one adherent to WJ-MSCs) with different phenotypic and functional characteristics. Both multipotent CD34+/CD38− and lineage-committed CD34+/CD38+ hematopoietic progenitors were expanded in a DC system. The former were significantly more represented in the adherent cell fraction than in the floating one (18.7 ± 11.2% vs. 9.7 ± 7.9% over the total CD34+ cells). Short-term colony forming unit (CFU) assays showed that HSPCs adherent to the stromal layer were able to generate a higher frequency of immature colonies (CFU-granulocyte/macrophage and burst-forming unit erythroid/large colonies) with respect to the floating cells. In the attempt to identify molecules that may play a role in supporting the observed ex vivo HSPC growth, we performed secretome analyses. We found a number of proteins involved in the HSPC homing, self-renewal, and differentiation in all tested conditions. It is important to note that a set of sixteen proteins, which are only in part reported to be expressed in any hematopoietic niche, were exclusively found in the DC system secretome. In conclusion, WJ-MSCs allowed a significant ex vivo expansion of multipotent as well as committed HSPCs. This may be relevant for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lo Iacono
- 1 Campus of Hematology F. and P. Cutino, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- 2 Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- 3 Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,4 Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Baiamonte
- 1 Campus of Hematology F. and P. Cutino, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusi Alberti
- 3 Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Gerbino
- 2 Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- 1 Campus of Hematology F. and P. Cutino, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- 2 Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,3 Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Acuto
- 1 Campus of Hematology F. and P. Cutino, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
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Zhang Y, Clay D, Mitjavila-Garcia MT, Alama A, Mennesson B, Berseneff H, Louache F, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Oberlin E. VE-Cadherin and ACE Co-Expression Marks Highly Proliferative Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Human Embryonic Liver. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:165-185. [PMID: 30426841 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances to engineer transplantable hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for research and therapy, an in-depth characterization of the developing human hematopoietic system is still lacking. The human embryonic liver is at the crossroad of several hematopoietic sites and harbors a complex hematopoietic hierarchy, including the first actively dividing HSPCs that will further seed the definitive hematopoietic organs. However, few are known about the phenotypic and functional HSPC organization operating at these stages of development. In this study, using a combination of four endothelial and hematopoietic surface markers, that is, the endothelial-specific marker vascular endothelial-cadherin (Cdh5, CD144), the pan-leukocyte antigen CD45, the hemato-endothelial marker CD34, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143), we identified distinct HSPC subsets, and among them, a population co-expressing the four markers that uniquely harbored an outstanding proliferation potential both ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, we traced back this population to the yolk sac (YS) and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) sites of hematopoietic emergence. Taken together, our data will help to identify human HSPC self-renewal and amplification mechanisms for future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1170, Villejuif, France.,2 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,3 Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Denis Clay
- 4 Inserm UMS 33, Villejuif, France.,5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Teresa Mitjavila-Garcia
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélie Alama
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoit Mennesson
- 8 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, René-Dubos Hospital, Pontoise, France
| | - Helene Berseneff
- 8 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, René-Dubos Hospital, Pontoise, France
| | - Fawzia Louache
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1170, Villejuif, France.,2 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,3 Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Estelle Oberlin
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
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46
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Barreto RSN, Romagnolli P, Cereta AD, Coimbra-Campos LMC, Birbrair A, Miglino MA. Pericytes in the Placenta: Role in Placental Development and Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:125-151. [PMID: 30937867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is the most variable organ, in terms of structure, among the species. Besides it, all placental types have the same function: production of viable offspring, independent of pregnancy length, litter number, or invasion level. The angiogenesis is a central mechanism for placental functionality, due to proper maternal-fetal communication and exchanges. Much is known about the vasculature structure, but little is known about vasculature development and cellular interactions. Pericytes are perivascular cells that were described to control vasculature stability and permeability. Nowadays there are several new functions discovered, such as lymphocyte modulation and activation, macrophage-like phagocytic properties, tissue regenerative and repair processes, and also the ability to modulate stem cells, majorly the hematopoietic. In parallel, placental tissues are known to be a particularly immune microenvironment and a rich stem cell niche. The pericyte function plethora could be similar in the placental microenvironment and could have a central role in placental development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S N Barreto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Romagnolli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Daronco Cereta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leda M C Coimbra-Campos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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47
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Mechanism of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis in mouse placenta. Placenta 2018; 69:140-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Soares MJ, Iqbal K, Kozai K. Hypoxia and Placental Development. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1309-1329. [PMID: 29105383 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemochorial placentation is orchestrated through highly regulated temporal and spatial decisions governing the fate of trophoblast stem/progenitor cells. Trophoblast cell acquisition of specializations facilitating invasion and uterine spiral artery remodeling is a labile process, sensitive to the environment, and represents a process that is vulnerable to dysmorphogenesis in pathologic states. Hypoxia is a signal guiding placental development, and molecular mechanisms directing cellular adaptations to low oxygen tension are integral to trophoblast cell differentiation and placentation. Hypoxia can also be used as an experimental tool to investigate regulatory processes controlling hemochorial placentation. These developmental processes are conserved in mouse, rat, and human placentation. Consequently, elements of these developmental events can be modeled and hypotheses tested in trophoblast stem cells and in genetically manipulated rodents. Hypoxia is also a consequence of a failed placenta, yielding pathologies that can adversely affect maternal adjustments to pregnancy, fetal health, and susceptibility to adult disease. The capacity of the placenta for adaptation to environmental challenges highlights the importance of its plasticity in safeguarding a healthy pregnancy. Birth Defects Research 109:1309-1329, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Fetal Health Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Keisuke Kozai
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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49
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Sumide K, Matsuoka Y, Kawamura H, Nakatsuka R, Fujioka T, Asano H, Takihara Y, Sonoda Y. A revised road map for the commitment of human cord blood CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2202. [PMID: 29875383 PMCID: PMC5989201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified CD34-negative (CD34-) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells as primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in human cord blood. In this study, we develop a prospective ultra-high-resolution purification method by applying two positive markers, CD133 and GPI-80. Using this method, we succeed in purifying single long-term repopulating CD34- HSCs with self-renewing capability residing at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy from cord blood, as evidenced by a single-cell-initiated serial transplantation analysis. The gene expression profiles of individual CD34+ and CD34- HSCs and a global gene expression analysis demonstrate the unique molecular signature of CD34- HSCs. We find that the purified CD34- HSCs show a potent megakaryocyte/erythrocyte differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. Megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors may thus be generated directly via a bypass route from the CD34- HSCs. Based on these data, we propose a revised road map for the commitment of human CD34- HSCs in cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sumide
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujioka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Asano
- School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takihara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Osaka Blood Center, Osaka, 536-0025, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan.
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50
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Liao Y, Ivanova L, Sivalenka R, Plumer T, Zhu H, Zhang X, Christiano AM, McGrath JA, Gurney JP, Cairo MS. Efficacy of Human Placental-Derived Stem Cells in Collagen VII Knockout (Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa) Animal Model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:530-542. [PMID: 29745997 PMCID: PMC6052609 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a devastating inherited skin blistering disease caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene that encodes type VII collagen (C7), a major structural component of anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). We recently demonstrated that human cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells promote wound healing and ameliorate the blistering phenotype in a RDEB (col7a1-/- ) mouse model. Here, we demonstrate significant therapeutic effect of a further novel stem cell product in RDEB, that is, human placental-derived stem cells (HPDSCs), currently being used as human leukocyte antigen-independent donor cells with allogeneic umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation in patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. HPDSCs are isolated from full-term placentas following saline perfusion, red blood cell depletion, and volume reduction. HPDSCs contain significantly higher level of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stem and progenitor cells than cord blood and are low in T cell content. A single intrahepatic administration of HPDSCs significantly elongated the median life span of the col7a1-/- mice from 2 to 7 days and an additional intrahepatic administration significantly extended the median life span to 18 days. We further demonstrated that after intrahepatic administration, HPDSCs engrafted short-term in the organs affected by RDEB, that is, skin and gastrointestinal tract of col7a1-/- mice, increased adhesion at the DEJ and deposited C7 even at 4 months after administration of HPDSCs, without inducing anti-C7 antibodies. This study warrants future clinical investigation to determine the safety and efficacy of HPDSCs in patients with severe RDEB. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:530-542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Larisa Ivanova
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | | | - Trevor Plumer
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin Academy of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokui Zhang
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jodi P Gurney
- Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, Warren, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mitchell S Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology & Microbiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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