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Pirsadeghi A, Namakkoobi N, Behzadi MS, Pourzinolabedin H, Askari F, Shahabinejad E, Ghorbani S, Asadi F, Hosseini-Chegeni A, Yousefi-Ahmadipour A, Kamrani MH. Therapeutic approaches of cell therapy based on stem cells and terminally differentiated cells: Potential and effectiveness. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203904. [PMID: 38316293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy, as a promising regenerative medicine approach, has been a promising and effective strategy to treat or even cure various kinds of diseases and conditions. Generally, two types of cells are used in cell therapy, the first is the stem cell, and the other is a fully differentiated cell. Initially, all cells in the body are derived from stem cells. Based on the capacity, potency and differentiation potential of stem cells, there are four types: totipotent (produces all somatic cells plus perinatal tissues), pluripotent (produces all somatic cells), multipotent (produces many types of cells), and unipotent (produces a particular type of cells). All non-totipotent stem cells can be used for cell therapy, depending on their potency and/or disease state/conditions. Adult fully differentiated cell is another cell type for cell therapy that is isolated from adult tissues or obtained following the differentiation of stem cells. The cells can then be transplanted back into the patient to replace damaged or malfunctioning cells, promote tissue repair, or enhance the targeted organ's overall function. With increasing science and knowledge in biology and medicine, different types of techniques have been developed to obtain efficient cells to use for therapeutic approaches. In this study, the potential and opportunity of use of all cell types, both stem cells and fully differentiated cells, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pirsadeghi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Negar Namakkoobi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sharifzadeh Behzadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Pourzinolabedin
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Askari
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; USERN Office, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Erfan Shahabinejad
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; USERN Office, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghorbani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini-Chegeni
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Yousefi-Ahmadipour
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Cancer and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kamrani
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Cisneros E, Sherwani N, Lanier OL, Peppas NA. Targeted delivery methods for RNA interference are necessary to obtain a potential functional cure for HIV/AIDS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114970. [PMID: 37385543 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is of great interest in many different therapeutic areas including infectious diseases such as immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Thanks to current, advanced treatments for HIV, the diagnosis is no longer a death sentence. However, even with these treatments, latency is suggested to persist in T-lymphocyte-rich tissues including gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), spleen, and bone marrow making HIV an incurable disease. Therefore, it is important to design systems that can effectively deliver therapeutics to these tissues to fight latent infection and find a functional cure. Numerous therapeutics ranging from small molecules to cell therapies have been explored as a cure for HIV but have failed to maintain therapeutic longevity. RNA interference (RNAi) provides a unique opportunity to achieve a functional cure for those who suffer from chronic HIV/AIDS by suppressing replication of the virus. However, RNA has certain imitations in delivery as it cannot be delivered without a carrier due to its negative charge and degradation from endogenous nucleases. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of explored systems for siRNA delivery for HIV/AIDS in the context of RNA therapeutic design and nanoparticle design. In addition, we suggest strategies that should be used to target specific tissues that are rich in lymphatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cisneros
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Najia Sherwani
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Olivia L Lanier
- Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Nasiri K, Mohammadzadehsaliani S, Kheradjoo H, Shabestari AM, Eshaghizadeh P, Pakmehr A, Alsaffar MF, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Yasamineh S, Gholizadeh O. Spotlight on the impact of viral infections on Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) with a focus on COVID-19 effects. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:103. [PMID: 37158893 PMCID: PMC10165295 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are known for their significant capability to reconstitute and preserve a functional hematopoietic system in long-term periods after transplantation into conditioned hosts. HSCs are thus crucial cellular targets for the continual repair of inherited hematologic, metabolic, and immunologic disorders. In addition, HSCs can undergo various fates, such as apoptosis, quiescence, migration, differentiation, and self-renewal. Viruses continuously pose a remarkable health risk and request an appropriate, balanced reaction from our immune system, which as well as affects the bone marrow (BM). Therefore, disruption of the hematopoietic system due to viral infection is essential. In addition, patients for whom the risk-to-benefit ratio of HSC transplantation (HSCT) is acceptable have seen an increase in the use of HSCT in recent years. Hematopoietic suppression, BM failure, and HSC exhaustion are all linked to chronic viral infections. Virus infections continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HSCT recipients, despite recent advancements in the field. Furthermore, whereas COVID-19 manifests initially as an infection of the respiratory tract, it is now understood to be a systemic illness that significantly impacts the hematological system. Patients with advanced COVID-19 often have thrombocytopenia and blood hypercoagulability. In the era of COVID-19, Hematological manifestations of COVID-19 (i.e., thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia), the immune response, and HSCT may all be affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in various ways. Therefore, it is important to determine whether exposure to viral infections may affect HSCs used for HSCT, as this, in turn, may affect engraftment efficiency. In this article, we reviewed the features of HSCs, and the effects of viral infections on HSCs and HSCT, such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, etc. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Nasiri
- Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Parisa Eshaghizadeh
- Department of Dental Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azin Pakmehr
- Medical Doctor, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marwa Fadhil Alsaffar
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department / AL-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | | | - Saman Yasamineh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Vamva E, Ozog S, Leaman DP, Yu-Hong Cheng R, Irons NJ, Ott A, Stoffers C, Khan I, Goebrecht GK, Gardner MR, Farzan M, Rawlings DJ, Zwick MB, James RG, Torbett BE. A lentiviral vector B cell gene therapy platform for the delivery of the anti-HIV-1 eCD4-Ig-knob-in-hole-reversed immunoadhesin. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 28:366-384. [PMID: 36879849 PMCID: PMC9984920 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Barriers to effective gene therapy for many diseases include the number of modified target cells required to achieve therapeutic outcomes and host immune responses to expressed therapeutic proteins. As long-lived cells specialized for protein secretion, antibody-secreting B cells are an attractive target for foreign protein expression in blood and tissue. To neutralize HIV-1, we developed a lentiviral vector (LV) gene therapy platform for delivery of the anti-HIV-1 immunoadhesin, eCD4-Ig, to B cells. The EμB29 enhancer/promoter in the LV limited gene expression in non-B cell lineages. By engineering a knob-in-hole-reversed (KiHR) modification in the CH3-Fc eCD4-Ig domain, we reduced interactions between eCD4-Ig and endogenous B cell immunoglobulin G proteins, which improved HIV-1 neutralization potency. Unlike previous approaches in non-lymphoid cells, eCD4-Ig-KiHR produced in B cells promoted HIV-1 neutralizing protection without requiring exogenous TPST2, a tyrosine sulfation enzyme required for eCD4-Ig-KiHR function. This finding indicated that B cell machinery is well suited to produce therapeutic proteins. Lastly, to overcome the inefficient transduction efficiency associated with VSV-G LV delivery to primary B cells, an optimized measles pseudotyped LV packaging methodology achieved up to 75% transduction efficiency. Overall, our findings support the utility of B cell gene therapy platforms for therapeutic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Vamva
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stosh Ozog
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel P. Leaman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rene Yu-Hong Cheng
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Irons
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andee Ott
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire Stoffers
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Iram Khan
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Matthew R. Gardner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michael Farzan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael B. Zwick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard G. James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruce E. Torbett
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Engineered Zinc Finger Protein Targeting 2LTR Inhibits HIV Integration in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell-Derived Macrophages: In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042331. [PMID: 35216446 PMCID: PMC8875109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-based gene therapy is a promising direction for curing HIV-1-infected individuals. The zinc finger protein (2LTRZFP) designed to target the 2-LTR-circle junction of HIV-1 cDNA was previously reported as an intracellular antiviral molecular scaffold that prevents HIV integration. Here, we elucidate the efficacy and safety of using 2LTRZFP in human CD34+ HSPCs. We transduced 2LTRZFP which has the mCherry tag (2LTRZFPmCherry) into human CD34+ HSPCs using a lentiviral vector. The 2LTRZFPmCherry-transduced HSPCs were subsequently differentiated into macrophages. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins of the 2LTRZFPmCherry-transduced HSPCs showed no significant difference from those of the non-transduced control. Furthermore, the 2LTRZFPmCherry-transduced HSPCs were successfully differentiated into mature macrophages, which had normal phagocytic function. The cytokine secretion assay demonstrated that 2LTRZFPmCherry-transduced CD34+ derived macrophages promoted the polarization towards classically activated (M1) subtypes. More importantly, the 2LTRZFPmCherry transduced cells significantly exhibited resistance to HIV-1 integration in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that the 2LTRZFPmCherry-transduced macrophages were found to be functionally and phenotypically normal, with no adverse effects of the anti-HIV-1 scaffold. Our data suggest that the anti-HIV-1 integrase scaffold is a promising antiviral molecule that could be applied to human CD34+ HSPC-based gene therapy for AIDS patients.
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6
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Widjaya MA, Ju JC, Lee SD. CRISPR-Edited Stem Cell Transplantation for HIV-Related Gene Modification In Vivo: A Systematic Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1743-1755. [PMID: 35169967 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR is a novel genomic editing technology which can be useful for the treatment of immune diseases such as HIV. However, the application of CRISPR in stem cells for HIV-related research was not effective, and most of the research was done in vivo. This systematic review is to identify a new research idea about increase CRISPR-editing efficiencies in stem cell transplantation for HIV treatment, as well as its future perspective. METHOD Four databases were searched for articles published during 1952 to 2020. PRISMA method was used to select appropriate research papers. CAMARADES was used to identify the paper quality. The outcome was engraftment efficiency, gene disruption percentage, differentiation ability, HIV-resistant efficiency. RESULT Screening method showed 196 papers mentioned the topic. However, only 5 studies were reliable with the research objective. We found that (1) Two research ideas which was double gene knockout and knockout-knockin method to provide HIV-resistant cells, engraftment support and avoid cardiac disease as an HIV disease side effect. (2) Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery was the best way to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 and Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) would be effective for knockin purpose. (3) CRISPR/SaCas9 could replace CRISPR/Cas9 role in editing HIV-related gene. CONCLUSION Potential genes to increase HIV resistance and stem cell engraftment should be explored more in the future. Double knockout and knock-in procedures should be applied to set up a better engraftment for improving HIV treatment or resistance of patients. CRISPR/SaCas9 and RNP delivery should be explored more in the future. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020203312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Anekson Widjaya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Ju
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan. .,Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan. .,School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, 261053, China.
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7
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Shen F, Liu Y, Wang L, Chai X, Yang J, Feng Q, Li X. Identification of HIV-1-specific cascaded microRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships by parallel mRNA and microRNA expression profiling with AIDS patients after antiviral treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27428. [PMID: 34871208 PMCID: PMC8568437 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is so complex that have not been clearly defined, despite intensive efforts have been made by many researchers. MicroRNA (miRNA) as regulation factor in various human diseases may influence the course of HIV-1 infection by targeting mRNAs. Thus, studies combining transcription of posttranscriptional miRNA regulation are required. METHODS With the purpose of identifying cascaded miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships related to HIV infection in gene level, the parallel miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles were analyzed to select differential expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Then, miRNA-mRNA interactions were predicted using 3 data sources and Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated based on the gene expression level for accuracy improvement. Furthermore, the calculation of the regulatory impact factors was conducted to reveal crucial regulators in HIV-1 infection. To give further insight into these transcription factor (TF) regulators, the differentially co-expression analysis was conducted to identify differentially co-expressed links and differential co-expressed genes and the co-expression gene modules were identified using a threshold-based hierarchical clustering method, then modules were combined into a miRNA-TF-mRNA network. RESULTS A total of 69,126 differentially co-expressed links and 626 differential co-expressed genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these co-expressed genes were significantly involved in immune response and apoptosis. Moreover, according to regulatory impact factors, 5 most influential TFs and miRNA in HIV-1 infection were identified and miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory networks were built during the computing process. CONCLUSIONS In our study, a set of integrated methods was generated to identify important regulators and miRNA-TF-mRNA interactions. Parallel profiling analysis of the miRNAs and mRNAs expression of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients after antiretroviral therapy indicated that some regulators have wide impact on gene regulation and that these regulatory elements may bear significant implications on the underlying molecular mechanism and pathogenesis of AIDS occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yefang Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM (West District), Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of TCM, China
| | - Lanchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Khalid K, Padda J, Wijeratne Fernando R, Mehta KA, Almanie AH, Al Hennawi H, Padda S, Cooper AC, Jean-Charles G. Stem Cell Therapy and Its Significance in HIV Infection. Cureus 2021; 13:e17507. [PMID: 34595076 PMCID: PMC8468364 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major global public health issue. Despite this, the only treatment available in mainstay is antiretroviral therapy. This treatment is not curative, it needs to be used lifelong, and there are many issues with compliance and side effects. In recent years, stem cell therapy has shown promising results in HIV management, and it can have a major impact on the future of HIV treatment and prevention. The idea behind anti-HIV hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-directed gene therapy is to genetically engineer patient-derived (autologous) HSPC to acquire an inherent resistance to HIV infection. Multiple stem-cell-based gene therapy strategies have been suggested that may infer HIV resistance including anti-HIV gene reagents and gene combinatorial strategies giving rise to anti-HIV gene-modified HSPCs. Such stem cells can hamper HIV progression in the body by interrupting key stages of HIV proliferation: viral entry, viral integration, HIV gene expression, etc.Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) may also protect leukocytes from being infected. Additionally, genetically engineered HSCs have the ability to continuously produce protected immune cells by prolonged self-renewal that can attack the HIV virus. Therefore, a successful treatment strategy has the potential to control the infection at a steady state and eradicate HIV from patients. This will allow for a potential future benefit with stem cell therapy in HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gutteridge Jean-Charles
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.,Internal Medicine, AdventHealth & Orlando Health Hospital, Orlando, USA
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9
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Xue W, Zheng X, Hu X, Zhang Y. Research and Clinical Significance of the Differentially Expressed Genes TP63 and LMO4 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211011380. [PMID: 33906487 PMCID: PMC8108076 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211011380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the differential gene expression and clinical significance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals (HIVIIs) with penile squamous cell carcinoma. At our hospital from 2019 to 2020, we selected six samples of HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma for the experimental group and six samples of non-HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma for the control group. Transcriptome sequencing of sample mRNAs was performed by high-throughput sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis, differential Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and differential Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out, and the reads per kilobase per million reads (RPKM) value was used as a measure of gene expression. A total of 2418 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 663 were upregulated and 1755 were downregulated (absolute value of logFC >1 and p value <.05). On the basis of the significance of the GO enrichment analysis, we found that the tumor protein p63 (TP63) gene was significantly upregulated and that the LIM domain only 4 (LMO4) gene was significantly downregulated in the experimental group compared with the control group. KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that DNA replication was the most significant pathway associated with the upregulated genes and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) metabolism was the most significant pathway associated with the downregulated genes. The gene expression profiles of HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma and non-HIV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma are significantly different and involve significant GO enrichment and KEGG metabolic pathways, and this is very meaningful for the study of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). Differential expression of genes may be an important target for the prevention of penile squamous cell carcinoma in HIVIIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Xue
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing China
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10
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Namdari H, Rezaei F, Teymoori-Rad M, Mortezagholi S, Sadeghi A, Akbari A. CAR T cells: Living HIV drugs. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:1-14. [PMID: 32713110 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a major global public health issue. Although the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made significant progress in inhibiting HIV replication in patients, HIV-infected cells remain the principal cellular reservoir of HIV, this allows HIV to rebound immediately upon stopping ART, which is considered the major obstacle to curing HIV infection. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy has provided new opportunities for HIV treatment. Engineering T cells or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to generate CAR T cells is a rapidly growing approach to develop an efficient immune cell to fight HIV. Herein, we review preclinical and clinical data available for the development of CAR T cells. Further, the advantages and disadvantages of clinical application of anti-HIV CAR T cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haideh Namdari
- Iranian Tissue Bank Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Teymoori-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mortezagholi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Sadeghi
- Iranian Tissue Bank Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Experimental Treatment of SIV-Infected Macaques via Autograft of CCR5-Disrupted Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:520-531. [PMID: 32258215 PMCID: PMC7114624 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based gene therapy targeting CCR5 represents a promising way to cure human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Yet the preclinical animal model with transplantation of autologous CCR5-ablated HSCs remains to be optimized. In this study, four Chinese rhesus macaques of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) chronic infection were given long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), during which peripheral CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were purified and infected with CCR5-specific CRISPR/Cas9 lentivirus (three monkeys) or GFP lentivirus (one monkey). After non-myeloablative conditioning, the CCR5-modified or GFP-labeled HSPCs were autotransplanted to four recipients, and ART was withdrawn following engraftment. All of the recipients survived the process of transplantation. The purified CD34+ HSPCs harbored an undetectable level of integrated SIV DNA. The efficiency of CCR5 disruption in HSPCs ranges from 6.5% to 15.6%. Animals experienced a comparable level of hematopoietic reconstuction and displayed a similar physiological homeostasis Despite the low-level editing of CCR5 in vivo (0.3%-1%), the CCR5-disrupted cells in peripheral CD4+ Effector Memory T cell (TEM) subsets were enriched 2- to 3-fold after cessation of ART. Moreover, two of the three treated monkeys displayed a delayed viral rebound and a moderately recovered immune function 6 months after ART withdrawal. This study highlights the importance of improving the CCR5-editing efficacy and augmenting the virus-specific immunity for effective treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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12
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Garg R, Mills K, Allen KJH, Causey P, Perron RW, Gendron D, Sanche S, Berman JW, Gorny MK, Dadachova E. Comparison of various radioactive payloads for a human monoclonal antibody to glycoprotein 41 for elimination of HIV-infected cells. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 82-83:80-88. [PMID: 32113033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND cART has significantly improved the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, it fails to eliminate the long-lived reservoir of latent HIV-infected cells. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) relies on antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for targeted delivery of lethal doses of ionizing radiation to cells. Previously, we have demonstrated that human mAb 2556 against HIV gp41 conjugated with 213Bismuth radioisotope (t1/2 = 46 min, alpha-emitter) selectively killed HIV-infected cells. 225Actinium (t1/2 = 9.92 d, alpha-emitter) and 177Lutetium (t1/2 = 6.7 d, beta-emitter) are two long-lived clinically proven radioisotopes for cancer treatment which might be more effective in killing infected cells systemically and in CNS. METHODS In this study we have conjugated 2556 mAb with 213Bi, 225Ac and 177Lu, and compared their ability to kill HIV-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes. PBMCs and monocytes from healthy donors were infected with HIVp49.5 and treated in vitro with increasing concentrations of 213Bi (4-20 μCi)-, 225Ac (20-100 nCi)- and 177Lu (4-50 μCi)-2556 mAb. RESULTS After three days post-treatment of infected PBMCs and monocytes, 213Bi- and 177Lu-conjugated 2556 mAb reduced virus production measured by p24 level in a dose-dependent manner, whereas, 225Ac-2556 showed minimal effect. However, seven days post-treatment all three radioisotopes showed significantly more pronounced reduction of virus replication as compared to control labeled mAb with 225Ac-2556 showing the least non-specific killing. CONCLUSION These results indicate that RIT holds promise as a novel treatment option for the eradication of HIV-infected cells that merits further study in combination with cART and reactivation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravendra Garg
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kienna Mills
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kevin J H Allen
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Sanche
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Miroslaw K Gorny
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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13
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Kim GB, Hege K, Riley JL. CAR Talk: How Cancer-Specific CAR T Cells Can Instruct How to Build CAR T Cells to Cure HIV. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2310. [PMID: 31611880 PMCID: PMC6776630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-directing T cells via chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) was first tested in HIV-infected individuals with limited success, but these pioneering studies laid the groundwork for the clinically successful CD19 CARs that were recently FDA approved. Now there is great interest in revisiting the concept of using CAR-expressing T cells as part of a strategy to cure HIV. Many lessons have been learned on how to best engineer T cells to cure cancer, but not all of these lessons apply when developing CARs to treat and cure HIV. This mini review will focus on how early CAR T cell studies in HIV paved the way for cancer CAR T cell therapy and how progress in cancer CAR therapy has and will continue to be instructive for the development of HIV CAR T cell therapy. Additionally, the unique challenges that must be overcome to develop a successful HIV CAR T cell therapy will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria B Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristen Hege
- Celgene Corporation, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - James L Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Peterson CW, Adair JE, Wohlfahrt ME, Deleage C, Radtke S, Rust B, Norman KK, Norgaard ZK, Schefter LE, Sghia-Hughes GM, Repetto A, Baldessari A, Murnane RD, Estes JD, Kiem HP. Autologous, Gene-Modified Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Repopulate the Central Nervous System with Distinct Clonal Variants. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:91-104. [PMID: 31204301 PMCID: PMC6626873 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-differentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have contributed to a number of novel treatment approaches for lysosomal storage diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), and may also be applied to patients infected with HIV. We quantified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) trafficking to 20 tissues including lymph nodes, spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract, CNS, and reproductive tissues. We observed efficient marking of multiple macrophage subsets, including CNS-associated myeloid cells, suggesting that HSPC-derived macrophages are a viable approach to target gene-modified cells to tissues. Gene-marked cells in the CNS were unique from gene-marked cells at any other physiological sites including peripheral blood. This novel finding suggests that these cells were derived from HSPCs, migrated to the brain, were compartmentalized, established myeloid progeny, and could be targeted for lifelong delivery of therapeutic molecules. Our findings have highly relevant implications for the development of novel therapies for genetic and infectious diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Peterson
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer E Adair
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Martin E Wohlfahrt
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Stefan Radtke
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Blake Rust
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Krystin K Norman
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Zachary K Norgaard
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Lauren E Schefter
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Gabriella M Sghia-Hughes
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Andrea Repetto
- Division of Vaccine and Infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | | | - Robert D Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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15
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Zhang G, Luk BT, Wei X, Campbell GR, Fang RH, Zhang L, Spector SA. Selective cell death of latently HIV-infected CD4 + T cells mediated by autosis inducing nanopeptides. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 31142734 PMCID: PMC6541658 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection, antiretroviral therapy only suppresses viral replication but is unable to eliminate infection. Thus, discontinuation of antiretrovirals results in viral reactivation and disease progression. A major reservoir of HIV latent infection resides in resting central memory CD4+ T cells (TCM) that escape clearance by current therapeutic regimens and will require novel strategies for elimination. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of autophagy-inducing peptides, Tat-Beclin 1 and Tat-vFLIP-α2, which can induce a novel Na+/K+-ATPase dependent form of cell death (autosis), to kill latently HIV-infected TCM while preventing virologic rebound. In this study, we encapsulated autophagy inducing peptides into biodegradable lipid-coated hybrid PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for controlled intracellular delivery. A single dose of nanopeptides was found to eliminate latent HIV infection in an in vitro primary model of HIV latency and ex vivo using resting CD4+ T cells obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral with fully suppressed virus for greater than 12 months. Notably, increased LC3B lipidation, SQSTM1/p62 degradation and Na+/K+-ATPase activity characteristic of autosis, were detected in nanopeptide treated latently HIV-infected cells compared to untreated uninfected or infected cells. Nanopeptide-induced cell death could be reversed by knockdown of autophagy proteins, ATG5 and ATG7, and inhibition or knockdown of Na+/K+-ATPase. Importantly, viral rebound was not detected following the induction of the Na+/K+-ATPase dependent form of cell death induced by the Tat-Beclin 1 and Tat-vFLIP-α2 nanopeptides. These findings provide a novel strategy to eradicate HIV latently infected resting memory CD4+ T cells, the major reservoir of HIV latency, through the induction of Na+/K+-ATPase dependent autophagy, while preventing reactivation of virus and new infection of uninfected bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian T Luk
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grant R Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
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16
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Scarborough RJ, Gatignol A. RNA Interference Therapies for an HIV-1 Functional Cure. Viruses 2017; 10:E8. [PMID: 29280961 PMCID: PMC5795421 DOI: 10.3390/v10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 drug therapies can prevent disease progression but cannot eliminate HIV-1 viruses from an infected individual. While there is hope that elimination of HIV-1 can be achieved, several approaches to reach a functional cure (control of HIV-1 replication in the absence of drug therapy) are also under investigation. One of these approaches is the transplant of HIV-1 resistant cells expressing anti-HIV-1 RNAs, proteins or peptides. Small RNAs that use RNA interference pathways to target HIV-1 replication have emerged as competitive candidates for cell transplant therapy and have been included in all gene combinations that have so far entered clinical trials. Here, we review RNA interference pathways in mammalian cells and the design of therapeutic small RNAs that use these pathways to target pathogenic RNA sequences. Studies that have been performed to identify anti-HIV-1 RNA interference therapeutics are also reviewed and perspectives on their use in combination gene therapy to functionally cure HIV-1 infection are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Scarborough
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0G4, Canada.
| | - Anne Gatignol
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0G4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0G4, Canada.
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17
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Khamaikawin W, Shimizu S, Kamata M, Cortado R, Jung Y, Lam J, Wen J, Kim P, Xie Y, Kim S, Arokium H, Presson AP, Chen ISY, An DS. Modeling Anti-HIV-1 HSPC-Based Gene Therapy in Humanized Mice Previously Infected with HIV-1. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 9:23-32. [PMID: 29322065 PMCID: PMC5751878 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of anti-HIV-1 human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-based gene therapy have been performed by HIV-1 challenge after the engraftment of gene-modified HSPCs in humanized mouse models. However, the clinical application of gene therapy is to treat HIV-1-infected patients. Here, we developed a new method to investigate an anti-HIV-1 HSPC-based gene therapy in humanized mice previously infected with HIV-1. First, humanized mice were infected with HIV-1. When plasma viremia reached >107 copies/mL 3 weeks after HIV-1 infection, the mice were myeloablated with busulfan and transplanted with anti-HIV-1 gene-modified CD34+ HSPCs transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing two short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CCR5 and HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR), along with human thymus tissue under the kidney capsule. Anti-HIV-1 vector-modified human CD34+ HSPCs successfully repopulated peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues in HIV-1 previously infected humanized mice. Anti-HIV-1 shRNA vector-modified CD4+ T lymphocytes showed selective advantage in HIV-1 previously infected humanized mice. This new method will be useful for investigations of anti-HIV-1 gene therapy when testing in a more clinically relevant experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannisa Khamaikawin
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Masakazu Kamata
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruth Cortado
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yujin Jung
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Lam
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yiming Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hubert Arokium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Angela P Presson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Irvin S Y Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dong Sung An
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Rogers GL, Cannon PM. Gene Therapy Approaches to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Infectious Diseases. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:883-895. [PMID: 28895854 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in gene therapy technologies, particularly in gene editing, are suggesting new avenues for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus and other infectious diseases. This article outlines recent developments in antiviral gene therapies, including those based on the disruption of entry receptors or that target viral genomes using targeted nucleases, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In addition, new ways to express circulating antiviral factors, such as antibodies, and approaches to harness and engineer the immune system to provide an antiviral effect that is not naturally achieved are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Rogers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 413A, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Paula M Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 413A, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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19
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Leibman RS, Richardson MW, Ellebrecht CT, Maldini CR, Glover JA, Secreto AJ, Kulikovskaya I, Lacey SF, Akkina SR, Yi Y, Shaheen F, Wang J, Dufendach KA, Holmes MC, Collman RG, Payne AS, Riley JL. Supraphysiologic control over HIV-1 replication mediated by CD8 T cells expressing a re-engineered CD4-based chimeric antigen receptor. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006613. [PMID: 29023549 PMCID: PMC5638568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV is adept at avoiding naturally generated T cell responses; therefore, there is a need to develop HIV-specific T cells with greater potency for use in HIV cure strategies. Starting with a CD4-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that was previously used without toxicity in clinical trials, we optimized the vector backbone, promoter, HIV targeting moiety, and transmembrane and signaling domains to determine which components augmented the ability of T cells to control HIV replication. This re-engineered CAR was at least 50-fold more potent in vitro at controlling HIV replication than the original CD4 CAR, or a TCR-based approach, and substantially better than broadly neutralizing antibody-based CARs. A humanized mouse model of HIV infection demonstrated that T cells expressing optimized CARs were superior at expanding in response to antigen, protecting CD4 T cells from infection, and reducing viral loads compared to T cells expressing the original, clinical trial CAR. Moreover, in a humanized mouse model of HIV treatment, CD4 CAR T cells containing the 4-1BB costimulatory domain controlled HIV spread after ART removal better than analogous CAR T cells containing the CD28 costimulatory domain. Together, these data indicate that potent HIV-specific T cells can be generated using improved CAR design and that CAR T cells could be important components of an HIV cure strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Leibman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Max W. Richardson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christoph T. Ellebrecht
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Colby R. Maldini
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Glover
- Department of Medicine and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Secreto
- Department of Medicine and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Irina Kulikovskaya
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Simon F. Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah R. Akkina
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yanjie Yi
- Department of Medicine and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Farida Shaheen
- Department of Medicine and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Sangamo BioSciences Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Keith A. Dufendach
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Holmes
- Sangamo BioSciences Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald G. Collman
- Department of Medicine and Center for AIDS Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aimee S. Payne
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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20
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Herrera-Carrillo E, Berkhout B. Novel AgoshRNA molecules for silencing of the CCR5 co-receptor for HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177935. [PMID: 28542329 PMCID: PMC5443530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic transplantation of blood stem cells from a CCR5-Δ32 homozygous donor to an HIV-infected individual, the "Berlin patient", led to a cure. Since then there has been a search for approaches that mimic this intervention in a gene therapy setting. RNA interference (RNAi) has evolved as a powerful tool to regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner and can be used to inactivate the CCR5 mRNA. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules can impair CCR5 expression, but these molecules may cause unintended side effects and they will not be processed in cells that lack Dicer, such as monocytes. Dicer-independent RNAi pathways have opened opportunities for new AgoshRNA designs that rely exclusively on Ago2 for maturation. Furthermore, AgoshRNA processing yields a single active guide RNA, thus reducing off-target effects. In this study, we tested different AgoshRNA designs against CCR5. We selected AgoshRNAs that potently downregulated CCR5 expression on human T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and that had no apparent adverse effect on T cell development as assessed in a competitive cell growth assay. CCR5 knockdown significantly protected T cells from CCR5 tropic HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herrera-Carrillo
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Zhen A, Carrillo MA, Kitchen SG. Chimeric antigen receptor engineered stem cells: a novel HIV therapy. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:401-410. [PMID: 28357916 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for suppressing HIV and improving patients' quality of life, HIV persists in cART-treated patients and remains an incurable disease. Financial burdens and health consequences of lifelong cART treatment call for novel HIV therapies that result in a permanent cure. Cellular immunity is central in controlling HIV replication. However, HIV adopts numerous strategies to evade immune surveillance. Engineered immunity via genetic manipulation could offer a functional cure by generating cells that have enhanced antiviral activity and are resistant to HIV infection. Recently, encouraging reports from several human clinical trials using an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T-cell therapy for treating B-cell malignancies have provided valuable insights and generated remarkable enthusiasm in engineered T-cell therapy. In this review, we discuss the development of HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptors and the use of stem cell based therapies to generate lifelong anti-HIV immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mayra A Carrillo
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott G Kitchen
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine; UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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22
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Mehta V, Chandramohan D, Agarwal S. Genetic Modulation Therapy Through Stem Cell Transplantation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection. Cureus 2017; 9:e1093. [PMID: 28413739 PMCID: PMC5391252 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active anti-retroviral treatment has changed the dimensions of the outcomes for patients suffering from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, HIV infection is still an ailment which is spreading throughout the world extensively. Given the confinements of the present restorative methodologies and the non-availability of any strategic vaccination against HIV, there is a squeezing need to build a therapeutic treatment. Viral tropism for HIV includes CD4+ cells, macrophages, and microglial cells, and it is through binding with co-receptors C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). While these cell types are present in all individuals, there are rare cases that stayed uninfected even after getting exposed to an overwhelming load of HIV. Research revealed a homozygous 32-base pair deletion (Δ32/Δ32) in CCR5. After careful consideration, a hypothesis was proposed a few years back that a cure for HIV disease is possible, through hematopoietic stem cells transplantation from a donor homozygous for the CCR5-Δ32 deletion. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) based quality treatment may serve as a promising tool as these perpetual, self-renewing progenitor cells could be modified to oppose HIV infection. If done properly, the changed HSCs would offer the permanent creation of genetically modified cells that are resistant to HIV infection and/or have improved hostility to viral action which will eventually clear the contaminated cells. The purpose of this review is to concentrate on two facets of HSC genetic treatment for potentially life-threatening HIV infection: building HIV-resistant cells and designing cells that can target HIV disease. These two strategic approaches can be the frontline of a quality treatment plan against HIV infection and, as an individual treatment or a combination thereof, has been proposed to possibly destroy HIV altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varshil Mehta
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Divya Chandramohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, SRM Medical College, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivika Agarwal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, India
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23
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Zhang QS. Stem Cell Therapy for Fanconi Anemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1083:19-28. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Disulfide-functional poly(amido amine)s with tunable degradability for gene delivery. J Control Release 2016; 244:357-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Jerome KR. Disruption or Excision of Provirus as an Approach to HIV Cure. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2016; 30:551-555. [PMID: 27855263 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2016.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective approach to HIV cure will almost certainly require a combination of strategies, including some means of reducing the latent HIV reservoir. Because the integrated HIV provirus represents the major source of viral persistence and reactivation, one attractive approach is the direct targeting of provirus for disruption or excision using targeted endonucleases, such as CRISPR/Cas9, zinc finger nucleases, TAL effector nucleases, or meganucleases (homing endonucleases). This article highlights some of the challenges for successful endonuclease therapy for HIV, including optimization of enzyme activity and specificity, the possible emergence of viral resistance, and most importantly, efficient in vivo delivery of the enzymes to a sufficient portion of the latent reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R. Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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26
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Tsukrov D, McFarren A, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Dolce E, Gorny MK, Zolla-Pazner S, Berman JW, Schoenbaum E, Zingman BS, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. Combination of Antiretroviral Drugs and Radioimmunotherapy Specifically Kills Infected Cells from HIV-Infected Individuals. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:41. [PMID: 27725930 PMCID: PMC5035742 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eliminating virally infected cells is an essential component of any HIV eradication strategy. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a clinically established method for killing cells using radiolabeled antibodies, was recently applied to target HIV-1 gp41 antigen expressed on the surface of infected cells. Since gp41 expression by infected cells is likely downregulated in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), we evaluated the ability of RIT to kill ART-treated infected cells using both in vitro models and lymphocytes isolated from HIV-infected subjects. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were infected with HIV and cultured in the presence of two clinically relevant ART combinations. Scatchard analysis of the 2556 human monoclonal antibody to HIV gp41 binding to the infected and ART-treated cells demonstrated sufficient residual expression of gp41 on the cell surface to warrant subsequent RIT. This is the first time the quantification of gp41 post-ART is being reported. Cells were then treated with Bismuth-213-labeled 2556 antibody. Cell survival was quantified by Trypan blue and residual viremia by p24 ELISA. Cell surface gp41 expression was assessed by Scatchard analysis. The experiments were repeated using PBMCs isolated from blood specimens obtained from 15 HIV-infected individuals: 10 on ART and 5 ART-naïve. We found that 213Bi-2556 killed ART-treated infected PBMCs and reduced viral production to undetectable levels. ART and RIT co-treatment was more effective at reducing viral load in vitro than either therapy alone, indicating that gp41 expression under ART was sufficient to allow 213Bi-2556 to deliver cytocidal doses of radiation to infected cells. This study provides proof of concept that 213Bi-2556 may represent an innovative and effective targeting method for killing HIV-infected cells treated with ART and supports continued development of 213Bi-2556 for co-administration with ART toward an HIV eradication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Tsukrov
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY , USA
| | | | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Eugene Dolce
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY , USA
| | | | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan W Berman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY , USA
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27
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Romano Ibarra GS, Paul B, Sather BD, Younan PM, Sommer K, Kowalski JP, Hale M, Stoddard B, Jarjour J, Astrakhan A, Kiem HP, Rawlings DJ. Efficient Modification of the CCR5 Locus in Primary Human T Cells With megaTAL Nuclease Establishes HIV-1 Resistance. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e352. [PMID: 27741222 PMCID: PMC5023401 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A naturally occurring 32-base pair deletion of the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 has demonstrated protection against HIV infection of human CD4+ T cells. Recent genetic engineering approaches using engineered nucleases to disrupt the gene and mimic this mutation show promise for HIV therapy. We developed a megaTAL nuclease targeting the third extracellular loop of CCR5 that we delivered to primary human T cells by mRNA transfection. The CCR5 megaTAL nuclease established resistance to HIV in cell lines and disrupted the expression of CCR5 on primary human CD4+ T cells with a high efficiency, achieving up to 80% modification of the locus in primary cells as measured by molecular analysis. Gene-modified cells engrafted at levels equivalent to unmodified cells when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, genetically modified CD4+ cells were preferentially expanded during HIV-1 infection in vivo in an immunodeficient mouse model. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of targeting CCR5 in primary T cells using an engineered megaTAL nuclease, and the potential to use gene-modified cells to reconstitute a patient's immune system and provide protection from HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo S Romano Ibarra
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Biswajit Paul
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Blythe D Sather
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Patrick M Younan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karen Sommer
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John P Kowalski
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Malika Hale
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Barry Stoddard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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28
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Pernet O, Yadav SS, An DS. Stem cell-based therapies for HIV/AIDS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:187-201. [PMID: 27151309 PMCID: PMC4935568 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the current focuses in HIV/AIDS research is to develop a novel therapeutic strategy that can provide a life-long remission of HIV/AIDS without daily drug treatment and, ultimately, a cure for HIV/AIDS. Hematopoietic stem cell-based anti-HIV gene therapy aims to reconstitute the patient immune system by transplantation of genetically engineered hematopoietic stem cells with anti-HIV genes. Hematopoietic stem cells can self-renew, proliferate and differentiate into mature immune cells. In theory, anti-HIV gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells can continuously provide HIV-resistant immune cells throughout the life of a patient. Therefore, hematopoietic stem cell-based anti-HIV gene therapy has a great potential to provide a life-long remission of HIV/AIDS by a single treatment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress of developing anti-HIV genes, genetic modification of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells, engraftment and reconstitution of anti-HIV gene-modified immune cells, HIV inhibition in in vitro and in vivo animal models, and in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pernet
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Swati Seth Yadav
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Dong Sung An
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA AIDS Institute, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Hematology-Oncology, The Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 188 BSRB, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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29
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Kolev MK. Biological systems modeling in the context of fibrosis: Comment on "Towards a unified approach in the modeling of fibrosis: A review with research perspectives" by Martine Ben Amar and Carlo Bianca. Phys Life Rev 2016; 17:98-100. [PMID: 27185315 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail K Kolev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
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30
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Spanevello F, Calistri A, Del Vecchio C, Mantelli B, Frasson C, Basso G, Palù G, Cavazzana M, Parolin C. Development of Lentiviral Vectors Simultaneously Expressing Multiple siRNAs Against CCR5, vif and tat/rev Genes for an HIV-1 Gene Therapy Approach. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e312. [PMID: 27093170 PMCID: PMC5014525 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy holds considerable promise for the functional cure of HIV-1 infection and, in this context, RNA interference (RNAi)-based approaches represent powerful strategies. Stable expression of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting HIV genes or cellular cofactors has the potential to render HIV-1 susceptible cells resistant to infection. To inhibit different steps of virus life cycle, self-inactivating lentiviral vectors expressing multiple siRNAs targeting the CCR5 cellular gene as well as vif and tat/rev viral transcripts, under the control of different RNA polymerase III promoters (U6, 7SK, H1) were developed. The use of a single RNA polymerase III promoter driving the expression of a sequence giving rise to three siRNAs directed against the selected targets (e-shRNA) was also investigated. Luciferase assay and inhibition of HIV-1 replication in human Jurkat T-cell line were adopted to select the best combination of promoter/siRNA. The efficacy of selected developed combinatorial vectors in interfering with viral replication was evaluated in human primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes. We identified two effective anti-HIV combinatorial vectors that conferred protection against R5- and X4- tropic viruses. Overall, our results showed that the antiviral effect is influenced by different factors, including the promoter used to express the RNAi molecules and the selected cassette combination. These findings contribute to gain further insights in the design of RNAi-based gene therapy approaches against HIV-1 for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Mantelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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31
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Korpusik A, Kolev M. Single injection of CD8+ T lymphocytes derived from hematopoietic stem cells - Mathematical and numerical insights. Biosystems 2016; 144:46-54. [PMID: 27095371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) based therapy is being discussed as a possible treatment for HIV infection. The main advantage of this approach is that it limits the immune impairing effect of infection by introducing an independent influx of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In this paper, we present a mathematical approach to predict the dynamics of HSC based therapy. We use a modification of a basic mathematical model for virus induced impairment of help to study how virus - immune system dynamics can be influenced by a single injection of CD8+ T lymphocytes derived from hematopoietic stem cells. Our mathematical and numerical results indicate that a single, large enough dose of genetically derived CTL may lead to restoration of the cellular immune response and result in long-term control of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Korpusik
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 11, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mikhail Kolev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Słoneczna 54, 10-710 Olsztyn, Poland.
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32
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Peterson CW, Haworth KG, Burke BP, Polacino P, Norman KK, Adair JE, Hu SL, Bartlett JS, Symonds GP, Kiem HP. Multilineage polyclonal engraftment of Cal-1 gene-modified cells and in vivo selection after SHIV infection in a nonhuman primate model of AIDS. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16007. [PMID: 26958575 PMCID: PMC4765711 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have focused on gene therapy approaches to induce functional cure/remission of HIV-1 infection. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of the clinical grade anti-HIV lentiviral vector, Cal-1, in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Cal-1 animals exhibit robust levels of gene marking in myeloid and lymphoid lineages without measurable adverse events, suggesting that Cal-1 transduction and autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells are safe, and lead to long-term, multilineage engraftment following myeloablative conditioning. Ex vivo, CD4+ cells from transplanted animals undergo positive selection in the presence of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). In vivo, Cal-1 gene-marked cells are evident in the peripheral blood and in HIV-relevant tissue sites such as the gastrointestinal tract. Positive selection for gene-marked cells is observed in blood and tissues following SHIV challenge, leading to maintenance of peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts in a normal range. Analysis of Cal-1 lentivirus integration sites confirms polyclonal engraftment of gene-marked cells. Following infection, a polyclonal, SHIV-resistant clonal repertoire is established. These findings offer strong preclinical evidence for safety and efficacy of Cal-1, present a new method for tracking protected cells over the course of virus-mediated selective pressure in vivo, and reveal previously unobserved dynamics of virus-dependent T-cell selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Peterson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin G Haworth
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Patricia Polacino
- Washington National Primate Research Center , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Krystin K Norman
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer E Adair
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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A fully human antibody to gp41 selectively eliminates HIV-infected cells that transmigrated across a model human blood brain barrier. AIDS 2016; 30:563-72. [PMID: 26595540 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many HIV patients on combined antiretroviral therapy exhibit HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders because the brain becomes a viral reservoir. There is a need for therapeutics that can enter the central nervous system (CNS) and eradicate the virus. DESIGN Radiolabeled human mAb 2556 to HIV gp41 selectively kills HIV-infected cells in vivo and in vitro. Here we tested the ability of 213Bi-2556 to cross a tissue culture model of the human blood brain barrier and kill HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes on the CNS side of the barrier. METHODS 2556 mAb isoelectric point was determined with isoelectric focusing. The ability of radiolabeled 2556 to penetrate through the barrier was studied by adding it to the upper chamber of the barriers and its penetration into the CNS side was followed for 5 h. To assess the ability of Bi-2556 to kill the HIV-infected cells on the CNS side of barrier, the HIV-infected and uninfected PBMCs and monocytes were allowed to transmigrate across the barriers overnight followed by application of Bi-2556 or control mAb Bi-1418 to the top of the barrier. Killing of cells was measured by TUNEL and Trypan blue assays. The barriers were examined by confocal microscopy for overt damage. RESULTS The isoelectric point of Bi-2556 was 9.6 enabling its penetration through the barrier by transcytosis. Bi-2556 killed significantly more transmigrated HIV-infected cells in comparison to Bi-1418 and uninfected cells. No overt damage to barriers was observed. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that Bi-2556 mAb crossed an in-vitro human blood brain barrier and specifically killed transmigrated HIV-infected PBMCs and monocytes without overt damage to the barrier.
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Khamaikawin W, Saoin S, Nangola S, Chupradit K, Sakkhachornphop S, Hadpech S, Onlamoon N, Ansari AA, Byrareddy SN, Boulanger P, Hong SS, Torbett BE, Tayapiwatana C. Combined Antiviral Therapy Using Designed Molecular Scaffolds Targeting Two Distinct Viral Functions, HIV-1 Genome Integration and Capsid Assembly. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e249. [PMID: 26305555 PMCID: PMC4560793 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Designed molecular scaffolds have been proposed as alternative therapeutic agents against HIV-1. The ankyrin repeat protein (Ank(GAG)1D4) and the zinc finger protein (2LTRZFP) have recently been characterized as intracellular antivirals, but these molecules, used individually, do not completely block HIV-1 replication and propagation. The capsid-binder Ank(GAG)1D4, which inhibits HIV-1 assembly, does not prevent the genome integration of newly incoming viruses. 2LTRZFP, designed to target the 2-LTR-circle junction of HIV-1 cDNA and block HIV-1 integration, would have no antiviral effect on HIV-1-infected cells. However, simultaneous expression of these two molecules should combine the advantage of preventive and curative treatments. To test this hypothesis, the genes encoding the N-myristoylated Myr(+)Ank(GAG)1D4 protein and the 2LTRZFP were introduced into human T-cells, using a third-generation lentiviral vector. SupT1 cells stably expressing 2LTRZFP alone or with Myr(+)Ank(GAG)1D4 showed a complete resistance to HIV-1 in viral challenge. Administration of the Myr(+)Ank(GAG)1D4 vector to HIV-1-preinfected SupT1 cells resulted in a significant antiviral effect. Resistance to viral infection was also observed in primary human CD4+ T-cells stably expressing Myr(+)Ank(GAG)1D4, and challenged with HIV-1, SIVmac, or SHIV. Our data suggest that our two anti-HIV-1 molecular scaffold prototypes are promising antiviral agents for anti-HIV-1 gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannisa Khamaikawin
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Somphot Saoin
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sawitree Nangola
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Koollawat Chupradit
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Sudarat Hadpech
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Division of Instruments for Research, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pierre Boulanger
- University Lyon 1 & INRA UMR-754, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Saw-See Hong
- University Lyon 1 & INRA UMR-754, Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, Lyon, France
| | - Bruce E Torbett
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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HIV-specific Immunity Derived From Chimeric Antigen Receptor-engineered Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1358-1367. [PMID: 26050990 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is critical in controlling HIV infection. Since the immune response does not eliminate HIV, it would be beneficial to develop ways to enhance the HIV-specific CTL response to allow long-term viral suppression or clearance. Here, we report the use of a protective chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in a hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-based approach to engineer HIV immunity. We determined that CAR-modified HSPCs differentiate into functional T cells as well as natural killer (NK) cells in vivo in humanized mice and these cells are resistant to HIV infection and suppress HIV replication. These results strongly suggest that stem cell-based gene therapy with a CAR may be feasible and effective in treating chronic HIV infection and other morbidities.
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Lin S, Zhao R, Xiao Y, Li P. Mechanisms determining the fate of hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2015; 2:10. [PMID: 27358878 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2015.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful in vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) will facilitate the application of HSC transplantation for the treatment of various diseases, including hematological malignancies. To achieve this expansion, the molecular mechanisms that control the fate of HSCs must be deciphered. Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) or leukemia stem cells (LSCs) may originate from normal HSCs, which suggest that the dysregulation of the mechanisms that regulate the cell fate of HSCs may underlie leukemogenesis. Here we review the recent progress in the application of HSCs, the regulatory mechanisms of the fate of HSCs, and the origins of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouheng Lin
- 1 Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ruocong Zhao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yiren Xiao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Peng Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Levine B, Leskowitz R, Davis M. Personalized gene therapy locks out HIV, paving the way to control virus without antiretroviral drugs. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:831-43. [PMID: 25947115 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1035644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in adoptive immunotherapy have enabled gene therapy approaches to be tested in clinical trials that involve the transfer of engineered immune cells to specifically target HIV-infected cells or block HIV infection or transmission. Genetic editing through engineered targeted nucleases provides a method for producing cells that are permanently resistant to HIV. AREAS COVERED Here, we discuss current and developing gene therapy approaches aimed to confer resistance to HIV infection at the cellular level by targeting viral or cellular elements, with a focus on gene editing strategies that target viral entry. Human gene therapy trials in HIV infection are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION In concept, a single infusion of genetically modified cells could potentially reduce the need for lifelong medication by providing long-term control over the virus (functional immunity). While the dream of completely eliminating viral reservoirs (sterilizing immunity) is appealing, this presents a significant additional hurdle and may not be necessary to improve long-term health. A single infusion, or a small number of infusions, of engineered cells may be shown in confirmatory clinical trials to produce a meaningful biologic effect. These techniques have implications for targeted gene therapy in HIV and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Levine
- University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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Gu WG. Genome editing-based HIV therapies. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Shimizu S, Ringpis GE, Marsden MD, Cortado RV, Wilhalme HM, Elashoff D, Zack JA, Chen ISY, An DS. RNAi-Mediated CCR5 Knockdown Provides HIV-1 Resistance to Memory T Cells in Humanized BLT Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e227. [PMID: 25689223 PMCID: PMC4345313 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) modified with a lentiviral vector bearing a potent nontoxic short hairpin RNA (sh1005) directed to the HIV coreceptor CCR5 is capable of continuously producing CCR5 downregulated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Here, we characterized HIV-1 resistance of the sh1005-modified CD4+ T lymphocytes in vivo in humanized bone marrow/liver/thymus (hu BLT) mice. The sh1005-modified CD4+ T lymphocytes were positively selected in CCR5-tropic HIV-1-challenged mice. The sh1005-modified memory CD4+ T lymphocytes (the primary target of CCR5-tropic HIV-1) expressing sh1005 were maintained in lymphoid tissues in CCR5-tropic HIV-1-challenged mice. Frequencies of HIV-1 p24 expressing cells were significantly reduced in the sh1005-modified splenocytes by ex vivo cell stimulation confirming that CCR5 downregulated sh1005 modified cells are protected from viral infection. These results demonstrate that stable CCR5 downregulation through genetic modification of human HSPC by lentivirally delivered sh1005 is highly effective in providing HIV-1 resistance. Our results provide in vivo evidence in a relevant small animal model that sh1005 is a potent early-step anti-HIV reagent that has potential as a novel anti-HIV-1 HSPC gene therapeutic reagent for human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Shimizu
- Hematology-Oncology, the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gene-Errol Ringpis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew D Marsden
- Hematology-Oncology, the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ruth V Cortado
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Holly M Wilhalme
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerome A Zack
- Hematology-Oncology, the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irvin S Y Chen
- Hematology-Oncology, the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dong Sung An
- Hematology-Oncology, the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Ni Z, Knorr DA, Bendzick L, Allred J, Kaufman DS. Expression of chimeric receptor CD4ζ by natural killer cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells improves in vitro activity but does not enhance suppression of HIV infection in vivo. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1021-31. [PMID: 24307574 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy has been gaining interest as an improved means to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could become a potential resource. Our previous studies have shown hESC and iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cells can inhibit HIV-infected targets in vitro. Here, we advance those studies by expressing a HIV chimeric receptor combining the extracellular portion of CD4 to the CD3ζ intracellular signaling chain. We hypothesized that expression of this CD4ζ receptor would more efficiently direct hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells to target HIV-infected cells. In vitro studies showed the CD4ζ expressing hESC- and iPSC-NK cells inhibited HIV replication in CD4+ T-cells more efficiently than their unmodified counterparts. We then evaluated CD4ζ expressing hESC (CD4ζ-hESC)- and iPSC-NK cells in vivo anti-HIV activity using a humanized mouse model. We demonstrated significant suppression of HIV replication in mice treated with both CD4ζ-modified and -unmodified hESC-/iPSC-NK cells compared with control mice. However, we did not observe significantly increased efficacy of CD4ζ expression in suppression of HIV infection. These studies indicate that hESC/iPSC-based immunotherapy can be used as a unique resource to target HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Ni
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Lentivirus-mediated Gene Transfer in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Is Impaired in SHIV-infected, ART-treated Nonhuman Primates. Mol Ther 2015; 23:943-951. [PMID: 25648264 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can reduce HIV viremia. We have developed an HIV/AIDS-patient model in Simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected pigtailed macaques that are stably suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (ART: raltegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir). Following SHIV infection and ART, animals undergo autologous HSC transplantation (HSCT) with lentivirally transduced cluster of differentiation (CD)34(+) cells expressing the mC46 anti-HIV fusion protein. We show that SHIV(+), ART-treated animals had very low gene marking levels after HSCT. Pretransduction CD34(+) cells contained detectable levels of all three ART drugs, likely contributing to the low gene transfer efficiency. Following HSCT recovery and the cessation of ART, plasma viremia rebounded, indicating that myeloablative total body irradiation cannot completely eliminate viral reservoirs after autologous HSCT. The kinetics of recovery following autologous HSCT in SHIV(+), ART-treated macaques paralleled those observed following transplantation of control animals. However, T-cell subset analyses demonstrated a high percentage of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-expressing CD4(+) T-cells after HSCT. These data suggest that an extended ART interruption time may be required for more efficient lentiviral transduction. To avoid complications associated with ART interruption in the context of high percentages of CD4(+)CCR5(+)T-cells after HSCT, the use of vector systems not impaired by the presence of residual ART may also be beneficial.
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Bloom K, Mussolino C, Arbuthnot P. Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) Nucleases and Repressor TALEs for Antiviral Gene Therapy. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-014-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Engineering Cellular Resistance to HIV-1 Infection In Vivo Using a Dual Therapeutic Lentiviral Vector. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e236. [DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce HIV viral loads to undetectable levels and prevent disease progression. However, HIV persists in rare cellular reservoirs within ART-treated patients and rapidly reemerges if ART is stopped. Latently infected CD4+ T cells represent a major reservoir of HIV that persists during ART. Therefore, a cure for HIV must include methods that either permanently inactivate or eliminate latent virus. Experimental methods under investigation for eliminating latently infected cells include transplantation/gene therapy approaches intended to deplete the infected cells and replace them with HIV-resistant ones, and DNA editing strategies that are capable of damaging or excising non-expressing HIV proviruses. Alternatively, "activation-elimination," also known as "shock and kill," approaches aim to induce expression of latent virus, allowing the virus to be eliminated by viral cytopathic effects, immune effector mechanisms, or additional cells/antibodies that specifically target and kill cells expressing HIV proteins. Here, we describe these experimental approaches for eliminating latent HIV along with other recent advances in HIV cure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Marsden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jerome A Zack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Herrera-Carrillo E, Berkhout B. Potential mechanisms for cell-based gene therapy to treat HIV/AIDS. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:245-63. [PMID: 25388088 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.980236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An estimated 35 million people are infected with HIV worldwide. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients but efficacy requires strict adherence and the treatment is not curative. Most importantly, the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains and drug toxicity can restrict the long-term therapeutic efficacy in some patients. Therefore, novel treatment strategies that permanently control or eliminate the virus and restore the damaged immune system are required. Gene therapy against HIV infection has been the topic of intense investigations for the last two decades because it can theoretically provide such a durable anti-HIV control. AREAS COVERED In this review we discuss two major gene therapy strategies to combat HIV. One approach aims to kill HIV-infected cells and the other is based on the protection of cells from HIV infection. We discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms for candidate approaches to permanently block HIV infection, including the latest strategies and future therapeutic applications. EXPERT OPINION Hematopoietic stem cell-based gene therapy for HIV/AIDS may eventually become an alternative for standard ART and should ideally provide a functional cure in which the virus is durably controlled without medication. Recent results from preclinical research and early-stage clinical trials support the feasibility and safety of this novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Herrera-Carrillo
- Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology , Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ , The Netherlands
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46
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Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy in suppressing HIV-1 replication and extending the life of HIV-1 infected individuals, this regimen is associated with risks for non-AIDS morbidity and mortality, requires life commitment, and has a high cost. In this context, gene therapy approaches that have the potential to cure HIV-1 infection present a clear option for eradication of the virus in the next decades. Gene therapy must overcome concerns related to its applicability to HIV-1 infection, the safety of cytotoxic conditioning required for cell-based approaches, clinical trial design, selection of gene-modified cells, and the restrictive cost of manufacturing and technology. These concerns are discussed herein in the context of the most relevant gene therapy studies conducted so far in HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Stan
- Department of Virology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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47
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Highly active antiretroviral therapy has been the big paradigm for transforming HIV infection in a chronic disease. However, it requires lifelong administration as the HIV provirus integrated within infected cells cannot be eliminated and virus replication resumes following antiviral discontinuation. Cumulative toxicities, incomplete immune restoration, elevated cost, drug-drug interactions and selection of drug-resistant viruses are well-known limitations of prolonged HIV medication. AREAS COVERED The first proof-of-concept that HIV infection could be cured was the Berlin patient. By blocking infection of target cells, gene therapy may allow viral clearance from carriers or prevention of infection in newly exposed individuals. Advances in the field of gene-targeting strategies, T-cell-based approaches and human stem cells are revolutionizing the field. A series of ongoing and planned trials are testing gene therapy as HIV cure. The ultimate goal is the elimination of latent viral reservoirs in HIV-infected persons and the need for lifelong antiretroviral therapy. Following a search in PubMed, we have reviewed current gene therapy strategies investigated for HIV infection as well as the latest communications on HIV eradication presented at international conferences. EXPERT OPINION Multiple efforts are underway to reproduce the Berlin patient situation by engineering autologous T cells or hematopoietic stem cells resistant to HIV infection. There is no doubt that the major challenge is the elimination of latent viral reservoirs. With this goal in mind, we have entered a new era in the hope for HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen de Mendoza
- Puerta de Hierro Research Institute and University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Majadahonda, Madrid , Spain
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Abou-El-Enein M, Bauer G, Reinke P, Renner M, Schneider CK. A roadmap toward clinical translation of genetically-modified stem cells for treatment of HIV. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:632-42. [PMID: 25262540 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, successful gene therapies for immunodeficiencies were finally brought to the clinic. This was accomplished through new gene therapy vectors and improved procedures for genetic modification of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. For HIV, autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy with 'anti-HIV genes' promises a functional cure for the disease. However, to develop such a therapy and translate it into a clinical application is rather challenging. The risks and benefits of such a therapy have to be understood, and regulatory hurdles need to be overcome. In this joint paper by academic researchers and regulators, we are, therefore, outlining a high level roadmap for the early stage development of HSC gene therapy as a potential functional cure for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abou-El-Enein
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- University of California Davis, Institute For Regenerative Cures (IRC) Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Renner
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Christian K Schneider
- Formerly Committee for Advanced Therapies, European Medicines Agency, 7, Westferry Circus E14 4HB, London, UK; Danish Health and Medicines Authority, Axel Heides Gade 1, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 730625 Hannover, Germany
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49
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Savkovic B, Nichols J, Birkett D, Applegate T, Ledger S, Symonds G, Murray JM. A quantitative comparison of anti-HIV gene therapy delivered to hematopoietic stem cells versus CD4+ T cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003681. [PMID: 24945407 PMCID: PMC4063676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy represents an alternative and promising anti-HIV modality to highly active antiretroviral therapy. It involves the introduction of a protective gene into a cell, thereby conferring protection against HIV. While clinical trials to date have delivered gene therapy to CD4+T cells or to CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the relative benefits of each of these two cellular targets have not been conclusively determined. In the present analysis, we investigated the relative merits of delivering a dual construct (CCR5 entry inhibitor + C46 fusion inhibitor) to either CD4+T cells or to CD34+ HSC. Using mathematical modelling, we determined the impact of each scenario in terms of total CD4+T cell counts over a 10 year period, and also in terms of inhibition of CCR5 and CXCR4 tropic virus. Our modelling determined that therapy delivery to CD34+ HSC generally resulted in better outcomes than delivery to CD4+T cells. An early one-off therapy delivery to CD34+ HSC, assuming that 20% of CD34+ HSC in the bone marrow were gene-modified (G+), resulted in total CD4+T cell counts ≥ 180 cells/ µL in peripheral blood after 10 years. If the uninfected G+ CD4+T cells (in addition to exhibiting lower likelihood of becoming productively infected) also exhibited reduced levels of bystander apoptosis (92.5% reduction) over non gene-modified (G-) CD4+T cells, then total CD4+T cell counts of ≥ 350 cells/ µL were observed after 10 years, even if initially only 10% of CD34+ HSC in the bone marrow received the protective gene. Taken together our results indicate that: 1.) therapy delivery to CD34+ HSC will result in better outcomes than delivery to CD4+T cells, and 2.) a greater impact of gene therapy will be observed if G+ CD4+T cells exhibit reduced levels of bystander apoptosis over G- CD4+T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Savkovic
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Nichols
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Donald Birkett
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tanya Applegate
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scott Ledger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geoff Symonds
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Calimmune Pty Ltd, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John M. Murray
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Hua J, He ZG, Qian DH, Lin SP, Gong J, Meng HB, Yang TS, Sun W, Xu B, Zhou B, Song ZS. Angiopoietin-1 gene-modified human mesenchymal stem cells promote angiogenesis and reduce acute pancreatitis in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:3580-3595. [PMID: 25120736 PMCID: PMC4128971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can serve as a vehicle for gene therapy. Angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) plays an important role in the regulation of endothelial cell survival, vascular stabilization, and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that ANGPT1 gene-modified MSCs might be a potential therapeutic approach for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats. Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs with or without transfection with lentiviral vectors containing the ANGPT1 gene were delivered through the tail vein of rats 12 h after induction of SAP. Administration of MSCs alone significantly reduced pancreatic injury and inflammation, as reflected by reductions in pancreatitis severity scores and serum amylase and lipase levels as well as reducing the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6). Furthermore, administration of ANGPT1-transfected MSCs resulted in not only further reductions in pancreatic injury and serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but also promotion of pancreatic angiogenesis. These results suggest that MSCs and ANGPT1 have a synergistic role in the treatment of SAP. ANGPT1 gene-modified MSCs may be developed as a potential novel therapy strategy for the treatment of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Hai Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Song Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Shun Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
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