1
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Zhuang X, Wang Q, Joost S, Ferrena A, Humphreys DT, Li Z, Blum M, Bastl K, Ding S, Landais Y, Zhan Y, Zhao Y, Chaligne R, Lee JH, Carrasco SE, Bhanot UK, Koche RP, Bott MJ, Katajisto P, Soto-Feliciano YM, Pisanic T, Thomas T, Zheng D, Wong ES, Tammela T. Aging limits stemness and tumorigenesis in the lung by reprogramming iron homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.23.600305. [PMID: 38979280 PMCID: PMC11230188 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.23.600305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in the number and fitness of adult stem cells 1-4 . Aging-associated loss of stemness is posited to suppress tumorigenesis 5,6 , but this hypothesis has not been tested in vivo . Here, using physiologically aged autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models and primary cells 7,8 , we demonstrate aging suppresses lung cancer initiation and progression by degrading stemness of the alveolar cell of origin. This phenotype is underpinned by aging-associated induction of the transcription factor NUPR1 and its downstream target lipocalin-2 in the cell of origin in mice and humans, leading to a functional iron insufficiency in the aged cells. Genetic inactivation of the NUPR1-lipocalin-2 axis or iron supplementation rescue stemness and promote tumorigenic potential of aged alveolar cells. Conversely, targeting the NUPR1- lipocalin-2 axis is detrimental to young alveolar cells via induction of ferroptosis. We find that aging-associated DNA hypomethylation at specific enhancer sites associates with elevated NUPR1 expression, which is recapitulated in young alveolar cells by inhibition of DNA methylation. We uncover that aging drives a functional iron insufficiency, which leads to loss of stemness and tumorigenesis, but promotes resistance to ferroptosis. These findings have significant implications for the therapeutic modulation of cellular iron homeostasis in regenerative medicine and in cancer prevention. Furthermore, our findings are consistent with a model whereby most human cancers initiate in young individuals, revealing a critical window for such cancer prevention efforts.
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2
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Garyn CM, Bover O, Murray JW, Ma J, Salas-Briceno K, Ross SR, Snoeck HW. G2 arrest primes hematopoietic stem cells for megakaryopoiesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114388. [PMID: 38935497 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to most hematopoietic lineages, megakaryocytes (MKs) can derive rapidly and directly from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The underlying mechanism is unclear, however. Here, we show that DNA damage induces MK markers in HSCs and that G2 arrest, an integral part of the DNA damage response, suffices for MK priming followed by irreversible MK differentiation in HSCs, but not in progenitors. We also show that replication stress causes DNA damage in HSCs and is at least in part due to uracil misincorporation in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with this notion, thymidine attenuated DNA damage, improved HSC maintenance, and reduced the generation of CD41+ MK-committed HSCs. Replication stress and concomitant MK differentiation is therefore one of the barriers to HSC maintenance. DNA damage-induced MK priming may allow rapid generation of a lineage essential to immediate organismal survival, while also removing damaged cells from the HSC pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Garyn
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oriol Bover
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John W Murray
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Karen Salas-Briceno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Susan R Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Zhang Z, Yang H, Fang L, Zhao G, Xiang J, Zheng JC, Qin Z. DOS-3 mediates cell-non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity in antagonizing age-related loss of C. elegans germline stem/progenitor cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4904. [PMID: 38851828 PMCID: PMC11162419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related depletion of stem cells causes tissue degeneration and failure to tissue regeneration, driving aging at the organismal level. Previously we reported a cell-non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity in antagonizing the age-related loss of germline stem/progenitor cells (GSPCs) in C. elegans, indicating that regulation of stem cell aging occurs at the organ system level. Here we discover the molecular effector that links the cell-non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity to GSPC maintenance over time by performing a tissue-specific DAF-16/FOXO transcriptome analysis. Our data show that dos-3, which encodes a non-canonical Notch ligand, is a direct transcriptional target of DAF-16/FOXO and mediates the effect of the cell-non-autonomous DAF-16/FOXO activity on GSPC maintenance through activating Notch signaling in the germ line. Importantly, expression of a human homologous protein can functionally substitute for DOS-3 in this scenario. As Notch signaling controls the specification of many tissue stem cells, similar mechanisms may exist in other aging stem cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Innovation Center of Medical Basic Research for Brain Aging and Associated Diseases, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China.
| | - Zhao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
- Innovation Center of Medical Basic Research for Brain Aging and Associated Diseases, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
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4
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Kasu YAT, Signer RAJ. Anti-ageing antibodies revive the immune system. Nature 2024; 628:43-45. [PMID: 38538888 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
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5
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Tan FH, Bronner ME. Regenerative loss in the animal kingdom as viewed from the mouse digit tip and heart. Dev Biol 2024; 507:44-63. [PMID: 38145727 PMCID: PMC10922877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The myriad regenerative abilities across the animal kingdom have fascinated us for centuries. Recent advances in developmental, molecular, and cellular biology have allowed us to unearth a surprising diversity of mechanisms through which these processes occur. Developing an all-encompassing theory of animal regeneration has thus proved a complex endeavor. In this chapter, we frame the evolution and loss of animal regeneration within the broad developmental constraints that may physiologically inhibit regenerative ability across animal phylogeny. We then examine the mouse as a model of regeneration loss, specifically the experimental systems of the digit tip and heart. We discuss the digit tip and heart as a positionally-limited system of regeneration and a temporally-limited system of regeneration, respectively. We delve into the physiological processes involved in both forms of regeneration, and how each phase of the healing and regenerative process may be affected by various molecular signals, systemic changes, or microenvironmental cues. Lastly, we also discuss the various approaches and interventions used to induce or improve the regenerative response in both contexts, and the implications they have for our understanding regenerative ability more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth Hui Tan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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6
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Ye B, Pei Y, Wang L, Meng D, Zhang Y, Zou S, Li H, Liu J, Xie Z, Tian C, Jiang Y, Qiao Y, Gao X, Zhang Y, Ma N. NAD + supplementation prevents STING-induced senescence in CD8 + T cells by improving mitochondrial homeostasis. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30522. [PMID: 38224175 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the connection between senescence phenotypes and mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial in aging and premature aging diseases. Loss of mitochondrial function leads to a decline in T cell function, which plays a significant role in this process. However, more research is required to determine if improving mitochondrial homeostasis alleviates senescence phenotypes. Our research has shown an association between NAD+ and senescent T cells through the cGAS-STING pathway, which can lead to an inflammatory phenotype. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of NAD+ in T-cell aging and how it can be utilized to improve mitochondrial homeostasis and alleviate senescence phenotypes. We demonstrate here that mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) occur in senescent T cells and tumor-bearing mice. Senescence is mediated by a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and involves ectopic cytoplasmic DNA. We further show that boosting intracellular NAD+ levels with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) prevents senescence and SASP by promoting mitophagy. NMN treatment also suppresses senescence and neuroinflammation and improves the survival cycle of mice. Encouraging mitophagy may be a useful strategy to prevent CD8+ T cells from senescence due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, supplementing with NMN to increase NAD+ levels could enhance survival rates in mice while also reducing senescence and inflammation, and enhancing mitophagy as a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yingting Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Dehao Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Henian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jinying Liu
- Department of laboratory diagnosis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziying Xie
- Department of laboratory diagnosis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhong Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Department of laboratory diagnosis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Medical Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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7
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Lagger C, Ursu E, Equey A, Avelar RA, Pisco AO, Tacutu R, de Magalhães JP. scDiffCom: a tool for differential analysis of cell-cell interactions provides a mouse atlas of aging changes in intercellular communication. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1446-1461. [PMID: 37919434 PMCID: PMC10645595 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of intercellular communication is a hallmark of aging. To better quantify and explore changes in intercellular communication, we present scDiffCom and scAgeCom. scDiffCom is an R package, relying on approximately 5,000 curated ligand-receptor interactions, that performs differential intercellular communication analysis between two conditions from single-cell transcriptomics data. Built upon scDiffCom, scAgeCom is an atlas of age-related cell-cell communication changes covering 23 mouse tissues from 58 single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from Tabula Muris Senis and the Calico murine aging cell atlas. It offers a comprehensive resource of tissue-specific and sex-specific aging dysregulations and highlights age-related intercellular communication changes widespread across the whole body, such as the upregulation of immune system processes and inflammation, the downregulation of developmental processes, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix organization and the deregulation of lipid metabolism. Our analysis emphasizes the relevance of the specific ligands, receptors and cell types regulating these processes. The atlas is available online ( https://scagecom.org ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Lagger
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eugen Ursu
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anaïs Equey
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto A Avelar
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Oliveira Pisco
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Insitro, Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Robi Tacutu
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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8
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Ortiz GGR, Mohammadi Y, Nazari A, Ataeinaeini M, Kazemi P, Yasamineh S, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Zaidan HK, Gholizadeh O. A state-of-the-art review on the MicroRNAs roles in hematopoietic stem cell aging and longevity. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:85. [PMID: 37095512 PMCID: PMC10123996 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process determined through time-related cellular and functional impairments, leading to a decreased standard of living for the organism. Recently, there has been an unprecedented advance in the aging investigation, especially the detection that the rate of senescence is at least somewhat regulated via evolutionarily preserved genetic pathways and biological processes. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain blood generation over the whole lifetime of an organism. The senescence process influences many of the natural features of HSC, leading to a decline in their capabilities, independently of their microenvironment. New studies show that HSCs are sensitive to age-dependent stress and gradually lose their self-renewal and regeneration potential with senescence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally inhibit translation or stimulate target mRNA cleavage of target transcripts via the sequence-particular connection. MiRNAs control various biological pathways and processes, such as senescence. Several miRNAs are differentially expressed in senescence, producing concern about their use as moderators of the senescence process. MiRNAs play an important role in the control of HSCs and can also modulate processes associated with tissue senescence in specific cell types. In this review, we display the contribution of age-dependent alterations, including DNA damage, epigenetic landscape, metabolism, and extrinsic factors, which affect HSCs function during aging. In addition, we investigate the particular miRNAs regulating HSCs senescence and age-associated diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Yasaman Mohammadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Kazemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Stem Cell Research Center at, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Haider Kamil Zaidan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Lathe R, St Clair D. Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023. [PMID: 37068798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic maximum lifespan varies enormously across animal species from a few hours to hundreds of years. This argues that maximum lifespan, and the ageing process that itself dictates lifespan, are to a large extent genetically determined. Although controversial, this is supported by firm evidence that semelparous species display evolutionarily programmed ageing in response to reproductive and environmental cues. Parabiosis experiments reveal that ageing is orchestrated systemically through the circulation, accompanied by programmed changes in hormone levels across a lifetime. This implies that, like the circadian and circannual clocks, there is a master 'clock of age' (circavital clock) located in the limbic brain of mammals that modulates systemic changes in growth factor and hormone secretion over the lifespan, as well as systemic alterations in gene expression as revealed by genomic methylation analysis. Studies on accelerated ageing in mice, as well as human longevity genes, converge on evolutionarily conserved fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, including KLOTHO, as well as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and steroid hormones, as key players mediating the systemic effects of ageing. Age-related changes in these and multiple other factors are inferred to cause a progressive decline in tissue maintenance through failure of stem cell replenishment. This most severely affects the immune system, which requires constant renewal from bone marrow stem cells. Age-related immune decline increases risk of infection whereas lifespan can be extended in germfree animals. This and other evidence suggests that infection is the major cause of death in higher organisms. Immune decline is also associated with age-related diseases. Taking the example of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assess the evidence that AD is caused by immunosenescence and infection. The signature protein of AD brain, Aβ, is now known to be an antimicrobial peptide, and Aβ deposits in AD brain may be a response to infection rather than a cause of disease. Because some cognitively normal elderly individuals show extensive neuropathology, we argue that the location of the pathology is crucial - specifically, lesions to limbic brain are likely to accentuate immunosenescence, and could thus underlie a vicious cycle of accelerated immune decline and microbial proliferation that culminates in AD. This general model may extend to other age-related diseases, and we propose a general paradigm of organismal senescence in which declining stem cell proliferation leads to programmed immunosenescence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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10
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Anginot A, Nguyen J, Abou Nader Z, Rondeau V, Bonaud A, Kalogeraki M, Boutin A, Lemos JP, Bisio V, Koenen J, Hanna Doumit Sakr L, Picart A, Coudert A, Provot S, Dulphy N, Aurrand-Lions M, Mancini SJC, Lazennec G, McDermott DH, Guidez F, Blin-Wakkach C, Murphy PM, Cohen-Solal M, Espéli M, Rouleau M, Balabanian K. WHIM Syndrome-linked CXCR4 mutations drive osteoporosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2058. [PMID: 37045841 PMCID: PMC10097661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
WHIM Syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency caused by gain-of-function CXCR4 mutations. Here we report a decrease in bone mineral density in 25% of WHIM patients and bone defects leading to osteoporosis in a WHIM mouse model. Imbalanced bone tissue is observed in mutant mice combining reduced osteoprogenitor cells and increased osteoclast numbers. Mechanistically, impaired CXCR4 desensitization disrupts cell cycle progression and osteogenic commitment of skeletal stromal/stem cells, while increasing their pro-osteoclastogenic capacities. Impaired osteogenic differentiation is evidenced in primary bone marrow stromal cells from WHIM patients. In mice, chronic treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 normalizes in vitro osteogenic fate of mutant skeletal stromal/stem cells and reverses in vivo the loss of skeletal cells, demonstrating that proper CXCR4 desensitization is required for the osteogenic specification of skeletal stromal/stem cells. Our study provides mechanistic insights into how CXCR4 signaling regulates the osteogenic fate of skeletal cells and the balance between bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Anginot
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julie Nguyen
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Zeina Abou Nader
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Rondeau
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Bonaud
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Maria Kalogeraki
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Julia P Lemos
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Valeria Bisio
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Joyce Koenen
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Lea Hanna Doumit Sakr
- Université Paris Cité, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132, Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Rare Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Picart
- Université Paris Cité, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132, Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Rare Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Coudert
- Université Paris Cité, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132, Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Rare Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Provot
- Université Paris Cité, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132, Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Rare Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dulphy
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane J C Mancini
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Gwendal Lazennec
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- CNRS, SYS2DIAG-ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, Montpellier, France
| | - David H McDermott
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabien Guidez
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1131, Paris, France
| | | | - Philip M Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Université Paris Cité, BIOSCAR Inserm U1132, Department of Rheumatology and Reference Center for Rare Bone Diseases, AP-HP Hospital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Marion Espéli
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Karl Balabanian
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.
- CNRS, GDR3697 "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Micronit, France.
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
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11
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Chua BA, Lennan CJ, Sunshine MJ, Dreifke D, Chawla A, Bennett EJ, Signer RAJ. Hematopoietic stem cells preferentially traffic misfolded proteins to aggresomes and depend on aggrephagy to maintain protein homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:460-472.e6. [PMID: 36948186 PMCID: PMC10164413 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regenerate blood cells throughout life. To preserve their fitness, HSCs are particularly dependent on maintaining protein homeostasis (proteostasis). However, how HSCs purge misfolded proteins is unknown. Here, we show that in contrast to most cells that primarily utilize the proteasome to degrade misfolded proteins, HSCs preferentially traffic misfolded proteins to aggresomes in a Bag3-dependent manner and depend on aggrephagy, a selective form of autophagy, to maintain proteostasis in vivo. When autophagy is disabled, HSCs compensate by increasing proteasome activity, but proteostasis is ultimately disrupted as protein aggregates accumulate and HSC function is impaired. Bag3-deficiency blunts aggresome formation in HSCs, resulting in protein aggregate accumulation, myeloid-biased differentiation, and diminished self-renewal activity. Furthermore, HSC aging is associated with a severe loss of aggresomes and reduced autophagic flux. Protein degradation pathways are thus specifically configured in young adult HSCs to preserve proteostasis and fitness but become dysregulated during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette A Chua
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Connor J Lennan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mary Jean Sunshine
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Dreifke
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ashu Chawla
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert A J Signer
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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12
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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13
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Kouroukli O, Symeonidis A, Foukas P, Maragkou MK, Kourea EP. Bone Marrow Immune Microenvironment in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225656. [PMID: 36428749 PMCID: PMC9688609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The BM, the major hematopoietic organ in humans, consists of a pleiomorphic environment of cellular, extracellular, and bioactive compounds with continuous and complex interactions between them, leading to the formation of mature blood cells found in the peripheral circulation. Systemic and local inflammation in the BM elicit stress hematopoiesis and drive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of their quiescent state, as part of a protective pathophysiologic process. However, sustained chronic inflammation impairs HSC function, favors mutagenesis, and predisposes the development of hematologic malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Apart from intrinsic cellular mechanisms, various extrinsic factors of the BM immune microenvironment (IME) emerge as potential determinants of disease initiation and evolution. In MDS, the IME is reprogrammed, initially to prevent the development, but ultimately to support and provide a survival advantage to the dysplastic clone. Specific cellular elements, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are recruited to support and enhance clonal expansion. The immune-mediated inhibition of normal hematopoiesis contributes to peripheral cytopenias of MDS patients, while immunosuppression in late-stage MDS enables immune evasion and disease progression towards acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we aim to elucidate the role of the mediators of immune response in the initial pathogenesis of MDS and the evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kouroukli
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26332 Patras, Greece
| | - Periklis Foukas
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto-Kalliopi Maragkou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni P. Kourea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610-969191
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14
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Viecelli C, Ewald CY. The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1005848. [PMID: 36172603 PMCID: PMC9510838 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mass and force are key for movement, life quality, and health. It is well established that resistance exercise is a potent anabolic stimulus increasing muscle mass and force. The response of a physiological system to resistance exercise is composed of non-modifiable (i.e., age, gender, genetics) and modifiable factors (i.e., exercise, nutrition, training status, etc.). Both factors are integrated by systemic responses (i.e., molecular signaling, genetic responses, protein metabolism, etc.), consequently resulting in functional and physiological adaptations. Herein, we discuss the influence of non-modifiable factors on resistance exercise: age, gender, and genetics. A solid understanding of the role of non-modifiable factors might help to adjust training regimes towards optimal muscle mass maintenance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Viecelli
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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15
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Havas A, Yin S, Adams PD. The role of aging in cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3213-3219. [PMID: 36128609 PMCID: PMC9490134 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers show an increase in incidence with age, and age is the biggest single risk factor for many cancers. However, the molecular basis of this relationship is poorly understood. Through a collection of review articles, our thematic issue discusses the link between aging and cancer in aspects including somatic mutations, proteostasis, mitochondria, metabolism, senescence, epigenetic regulation, immune regulation, DNA damage, and telomere function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Havas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - P. D. Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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16
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The mitochondrial protein OPA1 regulates the quiescent state of adult muscle stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1315-1332.e9. [PMID: 35998642 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Quiescence regulation is essential for adult stem cell maintenance and sustained regeneration. Our studies uncovered that physiological changes in mitochondrial shape regulate the quiescent state of adult muscle stem cells (MuSCs). We show that MuSC mitochondria rapidly fragment upon an activation stimulus, via systemic HGF/mTOR, to drive the exit from deep quiescence. Deletion of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 and mitochondrial fragmentation transitions MuSCs into G-alert quiescence, causing premature activation and depletion upon a stimulus. OPA1 loss activates a glutathione (GSH)-redox signaling pathway promoting cell-cycle progression, myogenic gene expression, and commitment. MuSCs with chronic OPA1 loss, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, continue to reside in G-alert but acquire severe cell-cycle defects. Additionally, we provide evidence that OPA1 decline and impaired mitochondrial dynamics contribute to age-related MuSC dysfunction. These findings reveal a fundamental role for OPA1 and mitochondrial dynamics in establishing the quiescent state and activation potential of adult stem cells.
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17
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Cai SL, Yang YS, Ding YF, Yang SH, Jia XZ, Gu YW, Wood C, Huang XT, Yang JS, Yang WJ. SETD4 cells contribute to brain development and maintain adult stem cell reservoir for neurogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2081-2096. [PMID: 36027907 PMCID: PMC9481920 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence facilitates maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their subsequent regenerative functions in response to brain injury and aging. However, the specification and maintenance of NSCs in quiescence from embryo to adulthood remain largely unclear. Here, using Set domain-containing protein 4 (SETD4), an epigenetic determinant of cellular quiescence, we mark a small but long-lived NSC population in deep quiescence in the subventricular zone of adult murine brain. Genetic lineage tracing shows that SETD4+ cells appear before neuroectoderm formation and contribute to brain development. In the adult, conditional knockout of Setd4 resulted in quiescence exit of NSCs, generating newborn neurons in the olfactory bulb and contributing to damage repair. However, long period deletion of SETD4 lead to exhaustion of NSC reservoir or SETD4 overexpression caused quiescence entry of NSCs, leading to suppressed neurogenesis. This study reveals the existence of long-lived deep quiescent NSCs and their neurogenetic capacities beyond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Li Cai
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao-Shun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Fu Ding
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shu-Hua Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi-Zheng Jia
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun-Wen Gu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chris Wood
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ting Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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18
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Dave JR, Chandekar SS, Behera S, Desai KU, Salve PM, Sapkal NB, Mhaske ST, Dewle AM, Pokare PS, Page M, Jog A, Chivte PA, Srivastava RK, Tomar GB. Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells retain their growth and immunomodulatory characteristics independent of donor age. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6504. [PMID: 35749495 PMCID: PMC9232118 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aging has been reported to deteriorate the quantity and quality of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which affect their therapeutic use in regenerative medicine. A dearth of age-related stem cell research further restricts their clinical applications. The present study explores the possibility of using MSCs derived from human gingival tissues (GMSCs) for studying their ex vivo growth characteristics and differentiation potential with respect to donor age. GMSCs displayed decreased in vitro adipogenesis and in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis with age, but in vitro neurogenesis remained unaffected. An increased expression of p53 and SIRT1 with donor age was correlated to their ability of eliminating tumorigenic events through apoptosis or autophagy, respectively. Irrespective of donor age, GMSCs displayed effective immunoregulation and regenerative potential in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Thus, we suggest the potential of GMSCs for designing cell-based immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches and their further extrapolation for acute inflammatory conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R. Dave
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali S. Chandekar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhanath Behera
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik U. Desai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradnya M. Salve
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha B. Sapkal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Suhas T. Mhaske
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankush M. Dewle
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Parag S. Pokare
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
| | - Megha Page
- Department of Dentistry, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, 411004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay Jog
- Department of Dentistry, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, 411004 Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj A. Chivte
- Saraswati Danwantri Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, 431401 Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Geetanjali B. Tomar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra, India
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19
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ROCK ‘n TOR: An Outlook on Keratinocyte Stem Cell Expansion in Regenerative Medicine via Protein Kinase Inhibition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071130. [PMID: 35406693 PMCID: PMC8997668 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte stem cells play a fundamental role in homeostasis and repair of stratified epithelial tissues. Transplantation of cultured keratinocytes autografts provides a landmark example of successful cellular therapies by restoring durable integrity in stratified epithelia lost to devastating tissue conditions. Despite the overall success of such procedures, failures still occur in case of paucity of cultured stem cells in therapeutic grafts. Strategies aiming at a further amplification of stem cells during keratinocyte ex vivo expansion may thus extend the applicability of these treatments to subjects in which endogenous stem cells pools are depauperated by aging, trauma, or disease. Pharmacological targeting of stem cell signaling pathways is recently emerging as a powerful strategy for improving stem cell maintenance and/or amplification. Recent experimental data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of two prominent keratinocyte signaling pathways governed by apical mTOR and ROCK protein kinases favor stem cell maintenance and/or amplification ex vivo and may improve the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapeutic procedures. In this review, we highlight the pathophysiological roles of mTOR and ROCK in keratinocyte biology and evaluate existing pre-clinical data on the effects of their inhibition in epithelial stem cell expansion for transplantation purposes.
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20
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Montano M, Oursler KK, Xu K, Sun YV, Marconi VC. Biological ageing with HIV infection: evaluating the geroscience hypothesis. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2022; 3:e194-e205. [PMID: 36092375 PMCID: PMC9454292 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although people with HIV are living longer, as they age they remain disproportionately burdened with multimorbidity that is exacerbated in resource-poor settings. The geroscience hypothesis postulates that a discrete set of between five and ten hallmarks of biological ageing drive multimorbidity, but these processes have not been systematically examined in the context of people with HIV. We examine four major hallmarks of ageing (macromolecular damage, senescence, inflammation, and stem-cell dysfunction) as gerodrivers in the context of people with HIV. As a counterbalance, we introduce healthy ageing, physiological reserve, intrinsic capacity, and resilience as promoters of geroprotection that counteract gerodrivers. We discuss emerging geroscience-based diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, and provide examples based on recent advances in cellular senescence, and other, non-pharmacological approaches. Finally, we present a conceptual model of biological ageing in the general population and in people with HIV that integrates gerodrivers and geroprotectors as modulators of homoeostatic reserves and organ function over the lifecourse.
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21
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Abstract
Metabolism has been studied mainly in cultured cells or at the level of whole tissues or whole organisms in vivo. Consequently, our understanding of metabolic heterogeneity among cells within tissues is limited, particularly when it comes to rare cells with biologically distinct properties, such as stem cells. Stem cell function, tissue regeneration and cancer suppression are all metabolically regulated, although it is not yet clear whether there are metabolic mechanisms unique to stem cells that regulate their activity and function. Recent work has, however, provided evidence that stem cells do have a metabolic signature that is distinct from that of restricted progenitors and that metabolic changes influence tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Stem cell maintenance throughout life in many tissues depends upon minimizing anabolic pathway activation and cell division. Consequently, stem cell activation by tissue injury is associated with changes in mitochondrial function, lysosome activity and lipid metabolism, potentially at the cost of eroding self-renewal potential. Stem cell metabolism is also regulated by the environment: stem cells metabolically interact with other cells in their niches and are able to sense and adapt to dietary changes. The accelerating understanding of stem cell metabolism is revealing new aspects of tissue homeostasis with the potential to promote tissue regeneration and cancer suppression.
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22
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Ren J, Wang X, Dong C, Wang G, Zhang W, Cai C, Qian M, Yang D, Ling B, Ning K, Mao Z, Liu B, Wang T, Xiong L, Wang W, Liang A, Gao Z, Xu J. Sirt1 protects subventricular zone derived neural stem cells from DNA double strand breaks and contributes to olfactory function maintenance in aging mice. Stem Cells 2022; 40:493-507. [PMID: 35349711 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
DNA damage is assumed to accumulate in stem cells over time and their ability to withstand this damage and maintain tissue homeostasis is a key determinant of aging. Nonetheless, relatively few studies have investigated whether DNA damage does indeed accumulate in stem cells and whether this contributes to stem cell aging and functional decline. Here, we found that, compared with young mice, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are reduced in subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) of aged mice, which was achieved partly through the adaptive upregulation of Sirt1 expression and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA repair. Sirt1 deficiency abolished this effect, leading to stem cell exhaustion, olfactory memory decline, and accelerated aging. The reduced DSBs and the upregulation of Sirt1 expression in SVZ-derived NSCs with age may represent a compensatory mechanism that evolved to protect stem cells from excessive DNA damage, as well as mitigate memory loss and other stresses during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Xianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Cai
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Medical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Danjing Yang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Medical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghua Wang
- Animal Center of Zoology, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuliu Xiong
- Animal Center of Zoology, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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23
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Jiang Z, Li H, Schroer SA, Voisin V, Ju Y, Pacal M, Erdmann N, Shi W, Chung PED, Deng T, Chen NJ, Ciavarra G, Datti A, Mak TW, Harrington L, Dick FA, Bader GD, Bremner R, Woo M, Zacksenhaus E. Hypophosphorylated pRb knock-in mice exhibit hallmarks of aging and vitamin C-preventable diabetes. EMBO J 2022; 41:e106825. [PMID: 35023164 PMCID: PMC8844977 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive analysis of pRB phosphorylation in vitro, how this modification influences development and homeostasis in vivo is unclear. Here, we show that homozygous Rb∆K4 and Rb∆K7 knock‐in mice, in which either four or all seven phosphorylation sites in the C‐terminal region of pRb, respectively, have been abolished by Ser/Thr‐to‐Ala substitutions, undergo normal embryogenesis and early development, notwithstanding suppressed phosphorylation of additional upstream sites. Whereas Rb∆K4 mice exhibit telomere attrition but no other abnormalities, Rb∆K7 mice are smaller and display additional hallmarks of premature aging including infertility, kyphosis, and diabetes, indicating an accumulative effect of blocking pRb phosphorylation. Diabetes in Rb∆K7 mice is insulin‐sensitive and associated with failure of quiescent pancreatic β‐cells to re‐enter the cell cycle in response to mitogens, resulting in induction of DNA damage response (DDR), senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and reduced pancreatic islet mass and circulating insulin level. Pre‐treatment with the epigenetic regulator vitamin C reduces DDR, increases cell cycle re‐entry, improves islet morphology, and attenuates diabetes. These results have direct implications for cell cycle regulation, CDK‐inhibitor therapeutics, diabetes, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huiqin Li
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Schroer
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Veronique Voisin
- The Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - YoungJun Ju
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marek Pacal
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute - Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Erdmann
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip E D Chung
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tao Deng
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Ciavarra
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Network Biology Collaborative Centre, SMART Laboratory for High-Throughput Screening Programs, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederick A Dick
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute - Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Max Bell Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Huang Q, Wang Y, Zhang L, Qian W, Shen S, Wang J, Wu S, Xu W, Chen B, Lin M, Wu J. Single-cell transcriptomics highlights immunological dysregulations of monocytes in the pathobiology of COPD. Respir Res 2022; 23:367. [PMID: 36539833 PMCID: PMC9764587 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease, whose pathogenetic complexity was strongly associated with aging/smoking and poorly understood. METHODS Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of 66,610 cells from COPD and age-stratified control lung tissues of donors with different smoking histories to prioritize cell types most perturbed in COPD lungs in aging/smoking dependent or independent manner. By performing an array of advanced bioinformatic analyses, such as gene set enrichment analysis, trajectory analysis, cell-cell interactions analysis, regulatory potential analysis, weighted correlation network analysis, functional interaction analysis, and gene set variation analysis, we integrated cell-type-level alterations into a system-level malfunction and provided a more clarified COPD pathological model containing specific mechanisms by which aging and smoking facilitate COPD development. Finally, we integrated the publicly available scRNA-seq data of 9 individuals, resulting in a total of 110,931 cells, and replicated the analyses to enhance the credibility of our findings. RESULTS Our study pointed to enrichment of COPD molecular alteration in monocytes, which further induced a previously unrecognized pro-inflammatory effect on alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, aged monocytes and club cells facilitated COPD development via maintaining an autoimmune airway niche. Unexpectedly, macrophages, whose defect to resolve inflammation was long-recognized in COPD pathogenesis, primarily induced an imbalance of sphingolipids rheostat in a smoking-dependent way. These findings were validated in a meta-analysis including other public single-cell transcriptomic data. CONCLUSIONS In sum, our study provided a clarified view of COPD pathogenesis and demonstrated the potential of targeting monocytes in COPD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Huang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Lili Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Qian
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Shaoran Shen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Jingshen Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Xu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Bo Chen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Mingyan Lin
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianqing Wu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
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25
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Budhathoki S, Graham C, Sethu P, Kannappan R. Engineered Aging Cardiac Tissue Chip Model for Studying Cardiovascular Disease. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:348-359. [PMID: 34365455 PMCID: PMC8818062 DOI: 10.1159/000516954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapidly growing number of older people worldwide and the concomitant increase in cardiovascular complications, there is an urgent need for age-related cardiac disease modeling and drug screening platforms. In the present study, we developed a cardiac tissue chip model that incorporates hemodynamic loading and mimics essential aspects of the infarcted aging heart. We induced cellular senescence in H9c2 myoblasts using low-dose doxorubicin treatment. These senescent cells were then used to engineer cardiac tissue fibers, which were subjected to hemodynamic stresses associated with pressure-volume changes in the heart. Myocardial ischemia was modeled in the engineered cardiac tissue via hypoxic treatment. Our results clearly show that acute low-dose doxorubicin treatment-induced senescence, as evidenced by morphological and molecular markers, including enlarged and flattened nuclei, DNA damage response foci, and increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor p16INK4a, p53, and ROS. Under normal hemodynamic load, the engineered cardiac tissues demonstrated cell alignment and retained cardiac cell characteristics. Our senescent cardiac tissue model of hypoxia-induced myocardial infarction recapitulated the pathological disease hallmarks such as increased cell death and upregulated expression of ANP and BNP. In conclusion, the described methodology provides a novel approach to generate stress-induced aging cardiac cell phenotypes and engineer cardiac tissue chip models to study the cardiovascular disease pathologies associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Budhathoki
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caleb Graham
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Departments of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are formed embryonically during a dynamic developmental process and later reside in adult hematopoietic organs in a quiescent state. In response to their changing environment, HSCs have evolved diverse mechanisms to cope with intrinsic and extrinsic challenges. This review intends to discuss how HSCs and other stem cells co-opted DNA and RNA innate immune pathways to fine-tune developmental processes. Recent Findings Innate immune receptors for nucleic acids like the RIG-I-like family receptors and members of DNA sensing pathways are expressed in HSCs and other stem cells. Even though the “classic” role of these receptors is recognition of foreign DNA or RNA from pathogens, it was recently shown that cellular transposable element (TE) RNA or R-loops activate such receptors, serving as endogenous triggers of inflammatory signaling that can shape HSC formation during development and regeneration. Summary Endogenous TEs and R-loops activate RNA and DNA sensors, which trigger distinct inflammatory signals to fine-tune stem cell decisions. This phenomenon could have broad implications for diverse somatic stem cells, for a variety of diseases and during aging.
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27
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Shi G, Li X, Li K, Huang Y, Lei X, Bai L, Qin C. Heterozygous lipoprotein lipase knockout mice exhibit impaired hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell compartment. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:418-425. [PMID: 34977493 PMCID: PMC8690995 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) maintain the hematopoietic system homeostasis through self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. HSC are regulated by the microenvironment, cytokine signaling, and transcription factors. Recent results have shown that lipid pathways play a key role in the regulation of HSC quiescence, proliferation, and division. However, the mechanism by which lipid metabolism regulates HSC proliferation and differentiation remains to be clarified. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an essential enzyme in the anabolism and catabolism of very low-density lipoprotein, chylomicrons, and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Methods The percentage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and immune cells were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The function and the mechanism of HSCs were analyzed by cell colony forming assay and qPCR analysis. The changes in LPL+/- HSC microenvironment were detected by transplantation assays using red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgenic mice. Results To explore the function of LPL in HSC regulation, heterozygous LPL-knockout mice (LPL+/-) were established and analyzed by FACS. LPL+/- mice displayed decreased hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell compartments. In vitro single-cell clonogenic assays and cell-cycle assays using FACS promoted the cell cycle and increased proliferation ability. qPCR analysis showed the expression of p57KIP2 and p21WAF1/CIP1 in LPL+/- mice was upregulated. Conclusions LPL+/- mice exhibited HSC compartment impairment due to promotion of HSC proliferation, without any effects on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Shi
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Keya Li
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Yiying Huang
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Xuepei Lei
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Lin Bai
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
| | - Chuan Qin
- The Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesCAMS & PUMCBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingP.R. China
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28
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Picerno A, Stasi A, Franzin R, Curci C, di Bari I, Gesualdo L, Sallustio F. Why stem/progenitor cells lose their regenerative potential. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1714-1732. [PMID: 34909119 PMCID: PMC8641024 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is clear that adult stem cells, also called as tissue stem cells, play a central role to repair and maintain the tissue in which they reside by their self-renewal ability and capacity of differentiating into distinct and specialized cells. As stem cells age, their renewal ability declines and their capacity to maintain organ homeostasis and regeneration is impaired. From a molecular perspective, these changes in stem cells properties can be due to several types of cell intrinsic injury and DNA aberrant alteration (i.e epigenomic profile) as well as changes in the tissue microenviroment, both into the niche and by systemic circulating factors. Strikingly, it has been suggested that aging-induced deterioration of stem cell functions may play a key role in the pathophysiology of the various aging-associated disorders. Therefore, understanding how resident stem cell age and affects near and distant tissues is fundamental. Here, we examine the current knowledge about aging mechanisms in several kinds of adult stem cells under physiological and pathological conditions and the principal aging-related changes in number, function and phenotype that determine the loss of tissue renewal properties. Furthermore, we examine the possible cell rejuvenation strategies. Stem cell rejuvenation may reverse the aging phenotype and the discovery of effective methods for inducing and differentiating pluripotent stem cells for cell replacement therapies could open up new possibilities for treating age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Picerno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Claudia Curci
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Ighli di Bari
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
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29
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. In search of elixir: Pharmacological agents against stem cell senescence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:868-880. [PMID: 34712416 PMCID: PMC8528253 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.51917.11773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence causes different complications. In addition to the aging phenomenon, stem cell senescence has been investigated in various concepts such as cancer, adverse drug effects, and as a limiting factor in cell therapy. This manuscript examines protective medicines and supplements which are capable of hindering stem cell senescence. We searched the databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science with the keywords “stem cell,” “progenitor cell,” “satellite,” “senescence” and excluded the keywords “cancer,” “tumor,” “malignancy” and “carcinoma” until June 2020. Among these results, we chose 47 relevant studies. Our investigation indicates that most of these studies examined endothelial progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and a few others were about less-discussed types of stem cells such as cardiac stem cells, myeloblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cells. From another aspect, 17β-Estradiol, melatonin, metformin, rapamycin, coenzyme Q10, N-acetyl cysteine, and vitamin C were the most studied agents, while the main protective mechanism was through telomerase activity enhancement or oxidative damage ablation. Although many of these studies are in vitro, they are still worthwhile. Stem cell senescence in the in vitro expansion stage is an essential concern in clinical procedures of cell therapy. Moreover, in vitro studies are the first step for further in vivo and clinical studies. It is noteworthy to mention the fact that these protective agents have been used in the clinical setting for various purposes for a long time. Given that, we only need to examine their systemic anti-senescence effects and effective dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Vice-chancellery of Food and Drug,Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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30
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Wolf AM. The tumor suppression theory of aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111583. [PMID: 34637937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite continued increases in human life expectancy, the factors determining the rate of human biological aging remain unknown. Without understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying aging, efforts to prevent aging are unlikely to succeed. The tumor suppression theory of aging introduced here proposes somatic mutation as the proximal cause of aging, but postulates that oncogenic transformation and clonal expansion, not functional impairment, are the relevant consequences of somatic mutation. Obesity and caloric restriction accelerate and decelerate aging due to their effect on cell proliferation, during which most mutations arise. Most phenotypes of aging are merely tumor-suppressive mechanisms that evolved to limit malignant growth, the dominant age-related cause of death in early and middle life. Cancer limits life span for most long-lived mammals, a phenomenon known as Peto's paradox. Its conservation across species demonstrates that mutation is a fundamental but hard limit on mammalian longevity. Cell senescence and apoptosis and differentiation induced by oncogenes, telomere shortening or DNA damage evolved as a second line of defense to limit the tumorigenic potential of clonally expanding cells, but accumulating senescent cells, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and stem cell exhaustion eventually cause tissue dysfunction and the majority, if not most, phenotypes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Wolf
- Laboratory for Morphological and Biomolecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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31
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TP53 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Molecular Aspects and Patterns of Mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910782. [PMID: 34639121 PMCID: PMC8509740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the tumor suppressor gene, TP53, is associated with abysmal survival outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although it is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer, its occurrence is observed in only 5–10% of de novo AML, and in 30% of therapy related AML (t-AML). TP53 mutation serves as a prognostic marker of poor response to standard-of-care chemotherapy, particularly in t-AML and AML with complex cytogenetics. In light of a poor response to traditional chemotherapy and only a modest improvement in outcome with hypomethylation-based interventions, allogenic stem cell transplant is routinely recommended in these cases, albeit with a response that is often short lived. Despite being frequently mutated across the cancer spectrum, progress and enthusiasm for the development of p53 targeted therapeutic interventions is lacking and to date there is no approved drug that mitigates the effects of TP53 mutation. There is a mounting body of evidence indicating that p53 mutants differ in functionality and form from typical AML cases and subsequently display inconsistent responses to therapy at the cellular level. Understanding this pathobiological activity is imperative to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of TP53 on the hematopoietic system, to describe its varying degree of functionality in tumor suppression, and to illustrate the need for the adoption of personalized therapeutic strategies to target distinct classes of the p53 mutation in AML management.
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32
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Yang Y, Kong R, Goh FG, Somers WG, Hime GR, Li Z, Cai Y. dRTEL1 is essential for the maintenance of Drosophila male germline stem cells. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009834. [PMID: 34644293 PMCID: PMC8513875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the potential to maintain undifferentiated state and differentiate into specialized cell types. Despite numerous progress has been achieved in understanding stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, many fundamental questions remain unanswered. In this study, we identify dRTEL1, the Drosophila homolog of Regulator of Telomere Elongation Helicase 1, as a novel regulator of male germline stem cells (GSCs). Our genome-wide transcriptome analysis and ChIP-Seq results suggest that dRTEL1 affects a set of candidate genes required for GSC maintenance, likely independent of its role in DNA repair. Furthermore, dRTEL1 prevents DNA damage-induced checkpoint activation in GSCs. Finally, dRTEL1 functions to sustain Stat92E protein levels, the key player in GSC maintenance. Together, our findings reveal an intrinsic role of the DNA helicase dRTEL1 in maintaining male GSC and provide insight into the function of dRTEL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyan Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Guang Goh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W. Gregory Somers
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gary R. Hime
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhouhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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33
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Koester J, Miroshnikova YA, Ghatak S, Chacón-Martínez CA, Morgner J, Li X, Atanassov I, Altmüller J, Birk DE, Koch M, Bloch W, Bartusel M, Niessen CM, Rada-Iglesias A, Wickström SA. Niche stiffening compromises hair follicle stem cell potential during ageing by reducing bivalent promoter accessibility. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:771-781. [PMID: 34239060 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue turnover requires activation and lineage commitment of tissue-resident stem cells (SCs). These processes are impacted by ageing, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we addressed the mechanisms of ageing in murine hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) and observed a widespread reduction in chromatin accessibility in aged HFSCs, particularly at key self-renewal and differentiation genes, characterized by bivalent promoters occupied by active and repressive chromatin marks. Consistent with this, aged HFSCs showed reduced ability to activate bivalent genes for efficient self-renewal and differentiation. These defects were niche dependent as the transplantation of aged HFSCs into young recipients or synthetic niches restored SC functions. Mechanistically, the aged HFSC niche displayed widespread alterations in extracellular matrix composition and mechanics, resulting in mechanical stress and concomitant transcriptional repression to silence promoters. As a consequence, increasing basement membrane stiffness recapitulated age-related SC changes. These data identify niche mechanics as a central regulator of chromatin state, which, when altered, leads to age-dependent SC exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Koester
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sushmita Ghatak
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Morgner
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xinping Li
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilian Atanassov
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Research, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Bartusel
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), University of Cantabria/CSIC, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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34
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Bousounis P, Bergo V, Trompouki E. Inflammation, Aging and Hematopoiesis: A Complex Relationship. Cells 2021; 10:1386. [PMID: 34199874 PMCID: PMC8227236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All vertebrate blood cells descend from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whose activity and differentiation depend on a complex and incompletely understood relationship with inflammatory signals. Although homeostatic levels of inflammatory signaling play an intricate role in HSC maintenance, activation, proliferation, and differentiation, acute or chronic exposure to inflammation can have deleterious effects on HSC function and self-renewal capacity, and bias their differentiation program. Increased levels of inflammatory signaling are observed during aging, affecting HSCs either directly or indirectly via the bone marrow niche and contributing to their loss of self-renewal capacity, diminished overall functionality, and myeloid differentiation skewing. These changes can have significant pathological consequences. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature on the complex interplay between HSCs and inflammatory signaling, and how this relationship contributes to age-related phenotypes. Understanding the mechanisms and outcomes of this interaction during different life stages will have significant implications in the modulation and restoration of the hematopoietic system in human disease, recovery from cancer and chemotherapeutic treatments, stem cell transplantation, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Bousounis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (V.B.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronica Bergo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (V.B.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (P.B.); (V.B.)
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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35
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Age-Related Changes in Bone-Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061273. [PMID: 34063923 PMCID: PMC8223980 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells is part of a strategy for the treatment of a large number of diseases. However, the source of the original stem cells for use is extremely important and determines their therapeutic potential. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have proven their therapeutic effectiveness when used in a number of pathological models. However, it remains an open question whether the chronological age of the donor organism affects the effectiveness of the use of MSC. The asymmetric division of stem cells, the result of which is some residential stem cells acquiring a non-senile phenotype, means that stem cells possess an intrinsic ability to preserve juvenile characteristics, implying an absence or at least remarkable retardation of senescence in stem cells. To test whether residential MSC senesce, we evaluated the physiological changes in the MSC from old rats, with a further comparison of the neuroprotective properties of MSC from young and old animals in a model of traumatic brain injury. We found that, while the effect of administration of MSC on lesion volume was minimal, functional recovery was remarkable, with the highest effect assigned to fetal cells; the lowest effect was recorded for cells isolated from adult rats and postnatal cells, having intermediate potency. MSC from the young rats were characterized by a faster growth than adult MSC, correlating with levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). However, there were no differences in respiratory activity of MSC from young and old rats, but young cells showed much higher glucose utilization than old ones. Autophagy flux was almost the same in both types of cells, but there were remarkable ultrastructural differences in old and young cells.
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36
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Kim SN, Choi B, Lee CJ, Moon JH, Kim MK, Chung E, Song SU. Culturing at Low Cell Density Delays Cellular Senescence of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Long-Term Cultures. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:103-111. [PMID: 33377453 PMCID: PMC7904528 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immense therapeutic potential for treating intractable and immune diseases. They also have applications in regenerative medicine in which distinct treatments do not exist. Thus, MSCs are gaining attention as important raw materials in the field of cell therapy. Importantly, the number of MSCs in the bone marrow is limited and they are present only in small quantities. Therefore, mass production of MSCs through long-term culture is necessary to use them in cell therapy. However, MSCs undergo cellular senescence through repeated passages during mass production. In this study, we explored methods to prolong the limited lifetime of MSCs by culturing them with different seeding densities. Methods and Results We observed that in long-term cultures, low-density (LD, 50 cells/cm2) MSCs showed higher population doubling level, leading to greater fold increase, than high-density (HD, 4,000 cells/cm2) MSCs. LD-MSCs suppressed the expression of aging-related genes. We also showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were decreased in LD-MSCs compared to that in HD-MSCs. Further, proliferation potential increased when ROS were inhibited in HD-MSCs. Conclusions The results in this study suggest that MSC senescence can be delayed and that life span can be extended by controlling cell density in vitro. These results can be used as important data for the mass production of stem cell therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Na Kim
- SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byeol Choi
- SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Sun Uk Song
- SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Zia A, Farkhondeh T, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Samarghandian S. The Roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Senescence. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:37-49. [PMID: 33602082 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210218112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aging process deteriorates organs' function at different levels, causing its progressive decline to resist stress, damage, and disease. In addition to alterations in metabolic control and gene expression, the rate of aging has been connected with the generation of high amounts of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The essential perspective in free radical biology is that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are toxic, mostly cause direct biological damage to targets, and are thus a major cause of oxidative stress. Different enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds in the cells have roles in neutralizing this toxicity. Oxidative damage in aging is mostly high in particular molecular targets, such as mitochondrial DNA and aconitase, and oxidative stress in mitochondria can cause tissue aging across intrinsic apoptosis. Mitochondria's function and morphology are impaired through aging, following a decrease in the membrane potential by an increase in peroxide generation and size of the organelles. Telomeres may be the significant trigger of replicative senescence. Oxidative stress accelerates telomere loss, whereas antioxidants slow it down. Oxidative stress is a crucial modulator of telomere shortening, and that telomere-driven replicative senescence is mainly a stress response. The age-linked mitochondrial DNA mutation and protein dysfunction aggregate in some organs like the brain and skeletal muscle, thus contributing considerably to these post-mitotic tissues' aging. The aging process is mostly due to accumulated damage done by harmful species in some macromolecules such proteins, DNA, and lipids. The degradation of non-functional, oxidized proteins is a crucial part of the antioxidant defenses of cells, in which the clearance of these proteins occurs through autophagy in the cells, which is known as mitophagy for mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliabbas Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand. Iran
| | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur. Iran
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38
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Matsumura H, Liu N, Nanba D, Ichinose S, Takada A, Kurata S, Morinaga H, Mohri Y, De Arcangelis A, Ohno S, Nishimura EK. Distinct types of stem cell divisions determine organ regeneration and aging in hair follicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:190-204. [PMID: 37118636 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles, mammalian mini-organs that grow hair, miniaturize during aging, leading to hair thinning and loss. Here we report that hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) lose their regenerative capabilities during aging owing to the adoption of an atypical cell division program. Cell fate tracing and cell division axis analyses revealed that while HFSCs in young mice undergo typical symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions to regenerate hair follicles, upon aging or stress, they adopt an atypical 'stress-responsive' type of asymmetric cell division. This type of division is accompanied by the destabilization of hemidesmosomal protein COL17A1 and cell polarity protein aPKCλ and generates terminally differentiating epidermal cells instead of regenerating the hair follicle niche. With the repetition of these atypical divisions, HFSCs detach from the basal membrane causing their exhaustion, elimination and organ aging. The experimentally induced stabilization of COL17A1 rescued organ homeostasis through aPKCλ stabilization. These results demonstrate that distinct stem cell division programs may govern tissue and organ aging.
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39
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Janagama D, Hui SK. 3-D Cell Culture Systems in Bone Marrow Tissue and Organoid Engineering, and BM Phantoms as In Vitro Models of Hematological Cancer Therapeutics-A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245609. [PMID: 33316977 PMCID: PMC7763362 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We review the state-of-the-art in bone and marrow tissue engineering (BMTE) and hematological cancer tissue engineering (HCTE) in light of the recent interest in bone marrow environment and pathophysiology of hematological cancers. This review focuses on engineered BM tissue and organoids as in vitro models of hematological cancer therapeutics, along with identification of BM components and their integration as synthetically engineered BM mimetic scaffolds. In addition, the review details interaction dynamics of various BM and hematologic cancer (HC) cell types in co-culture systems of engineered BM tissues/phantoms as well as their relation to drug resistance and cytotoxicity. Interaction between hematological cancer cells and their niche, and the difference with respect to the healthy niche microenvironment narrated. Future perspectives of BMTE for in vitro disease models, BM regeneration and large scale ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells for transplantation and therapy are explained. We conclude by overviewing the clinical application of biomaterials in BM and HC pathophysiology and its challenges and opportunities.
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40
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Comparison of similar cells: Mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151634. [PMID: 33059115 PMCID: PMC7550172 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Almost from all organs, both mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts can be isolated. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most preferred cellular therapeutic agents with the regenerative potential, and fibroblasts are one of the most abundant cell types with the ability to maintain homeostasis. Because of the promising properties of MSCs, they have been well studied and their differentiation potentials, immunomodulatory potentials, gene expression profiles are identified. It has been observed that fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells have similar morphology, gene expression patterns, surface markers, proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacities. Thus, it is hard to distinguish these two cell types. Epigenetic signatures, i.e., methylation patterns of cells, are the only usable promising difference between them. Such significant similarities show that these two cells may be related to each other.
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41
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Rosa AC, Bruni N, Meineri G, Corsi D, Cavi N, Gastaldi D, Dosio F. Strategies to expand the therapeutic potential of superoxide dismutase by exploiting delivery approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:846-865. [PMID: 33242550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of free radicals can cause oxidative-stress damage to a range of biomolecules, and thus potentially contribute to several pathologies, from neurodegenerative disorders to cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), play an important role in diminishing oxidative stress. SOD supplementation could therefore be an effective preventive strategy to reduce the risk of free-radical overproduction. However, the efficacy of SOD administration is hampered by its rapid clearance. Several different approaches to improve the bioavailability of SOD have been explored in recent decades. This review intends to describe the rationale that underlie the various approaches and chemical strategies that have led to the most recent advances in SOD delivery. This critical description includes SOD conjugates, SOD loaded into particulate carriers (micelles, liposomes, nanoparticles, microparticles) and the most promising and suitable formulations for oral delivery, with a particular emphasis on reports of preclinical/clinical results. Likely future directions are also considered and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natascia Bruni
- Istituto Farmaceutico Candioli Srl, Beinasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Corsi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Niccolò Cavi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Gastaldi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy.
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42
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Venosa A. Senescence in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Between Aging and Exposure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:606462. [PMID: 33282895 PMCID: PMC7689159 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.606462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, chronic pulmonary pathologies represent the third leading cause of death in the elderly population. Evidence-based projections suggest that >65 (years old) individuals will account for approximately a quarter of the world population before the turn of the century. Genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication, are described as the nine “hallmarks” that govern cellular fitness. Any deviation from the normal pattern initiates a complex cascade of events culminating to a disease state. This blueprint, originally employed to describe aberrant changes in cancer cells, can be also used to describe aging and fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the result of a progressive decline in injury resolution processes stemming from endogenous (physiological decline or somatic mutations) or exogenous stress. Environmental, dietary or occupational exposure accelerates the pathogenesis of a senescent phenotype based on (1) window of exposure; (2) dose, duration, recurrence; and (3) cells type being targeted. As the lung ages, the threshold to generate an irreversibly senescent phenotype is lowered. However, we do not have sufficient knowledge to make accurate predictions. In this review, we provide an assessment of the literature that interrogates lung epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune senescence at the intersection of aging, environmental exposure and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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43
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of alpha-mangostin on memory senescence induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1261-1267. [PMID: 33149857 PMCID: PMC7585532 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.40651.9612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Hyperglycemia induces cellular senescence in various body cells, such as vascular endothelial cells. Since the vessels are highly distributed in the body and nourish all tissues, vascular damages cause diabetes complications such as kidney failure and visual impairment. Alpha-mangostin is a xanthone found in mangosteen fruit with protective effects in metabolic syndrome and diabetes. This paper has investigated the protective effect of this xanthone against high glucose-induced memory senescence in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the presence of metformin, as a positive control. Materials and Methods: To induce the memory senescence model, HUVECs, after three days incubation with high glucose, were incubated with normal glucose for another three days, and for whole six days, cells were treated with metformin (50 µM) or alpha-mangostin (1.25 µM). On the last day, cell viability by MTT assay, oxidative stress by fluorimetric assay, the number of senescent cells by SA beta-galactosidase staining kit, and secretory interleukin-6 by ELISA kit were measured. SIRT1 and P53 proteins were also evaluated by Western blotting. Results: Metformin and alpha-mangostin significantly increased cell viability, decreased reactive oxygen species, and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase in HUVECs incubated in metabolic memory condition. Generally, metabolic memory increased p53 and acetyl-P53 and decreased SIRT1 proteins in HUVECs, which were reversed by alpha-mangostin and metformin. Conclusion: These data exhibit that alpha-mangostin, comparable to metformin, protects endothelial cells against metabolic memory-induced senescence, which is likely via SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Easter M, Bollenbecker S, Barnes JW, Krick S. Targeting Aging Pathways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6924. [PMID: 32967225 PMCID: PMC7555616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a global epidemic and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, loss of alveolar-capillary units, and progressive decline in lung function. Major risk factors for COPD are cigarette smoking and aging. COPD-associated pathomechanisms include multiple aging pathways such as telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, altered nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell senescence, stem cell exhaustion and chronic inflammation. In this review, we will highlight the current literature that focuses on the role of age and aging-associated signaling pathways as well as their impact on current treatment strategies in the pathogenesis of COPD. Furthermore, we will discuss established and experimental COPD treatments including senolytic and anti-aging therapies and their potential use as novel treatment strategies in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Seth Bollenbecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.); (J.W.B.)
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.E.); (S.B.); (J.W.B.)
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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45
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Tremblay M, Viala S, Shafer ME, Graham-Paquin AL, Liu C, Bouchard M. Regulation of stem/progenitor cell maintenance by BMP5 in prostate homeostasis and cancer initiation. eLife 2020; 9:54542. [PMID: 32894216 PMCID: PMC7525654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis relies on the fine regulation between stem and progenitor cell maintenance and lineage commitment. In the adult prostate, stem cells have been identified in both basal and luminal cell compartments. However, basal stem/progenitor cell homeostasis is still poorly understood. We show that basal stem/progenitor cell maintenance is regulated by a balance between BMP5 self-renewal signal and GATA3 dampening activity. Deleting Gata3 enhances adult prostate stem/progenitor cells self-renewal capacity in both organoid and allograft assays. This phenotype results from a local increase in BMP5 activity in basal cells as shown by the impaired self-renewal capacity of Bmp5-deficient stem/progenitor cells. Strikingly, Bmp5 gene inactivation or BMP signaling inhibition with a small molecule inhibitor are also sufficient to delay prostate and skin cancer initiation of Pten-deficient mice. Together, these results establish BMP5 as a key regulator of basal prostate stem cell homeostasis and identifies a potential therapeutic approach against Pten-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophie Viala
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maxwell Er Shafer
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adda-Lee Graham-Paquin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chloe Liu
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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46
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The intrinsic proteostasis network of stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 67:46-55. [PMID: 32890906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The proteostasis network adjusts protein composition and maintains protein integrity, which are essential processes for cell function and viability. Current efforts, given their intrinsic characteristics, regenerative potential and fundamental biological functions, have been directed to define proteostasis of stem cells. These insights demonstrate that embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit an endogenous proteostasis network that not only modulates their pluripotency and differentiation but also provides a striking ability to suppress aggregation of disease-related proteins. Moreover, recent findings establish a central role of enhanced proteostasis to prevent the aging of somatic stem cells in adult organisms. Notably, proteostasis is also required for the biological purpose of adult germline stem cells, that is to be passed from one generation to the next. Beyond these links between proteostasis and stem cell function, we also discuss the implications of these findings for disease, aging, and reproduction.
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Buchanan JL, Taylor EB. Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Function in Health and Disease across the Lifespan. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081162. [PMID: 32784379 PMCID: PMC7464753 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a nodal mediator of pyruvate metabolism, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes across the human lifespan, from embryonic development to aging-associated neurodegeneration. Emerging research highlights the importance of the MPC in diverse conditions, such as immune cell activation, cancer cell stemness, and dopamine production in Parkinson’s disease models. Whether MPC function ameliorates or contributes to disease is highly specific to tissue and cell type. Cell- and tissue-specific differences in MPC content and activity suggest that MPC function is tightly regulated as a mechanism of metabolic, cellular, and organismal control. Accordingly, recent studies on cancer and diabetes have identified protein–protein interactions, post-translational processes, and transcriptional factors that modulate MPC function. This growing body of literature demonstrates that the MPC and other mitochondrial carriers comprise a versatile and dynamic network undergirding the metabolism of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L. Buchanan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA;
| | - Eric B. Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA;
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
- Correspondence:
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Xu Y, Tian Y, Tong D, Zhang H, Luo Z, Shang X, Dong Y. Wnt Signaling Inhibits High-Density Cell Sheet Culture Induced Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Aging by Targeting Cell Cycle Inhibitor p27. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:946. [PMID: 32850766 PMCID: PMC7419600 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell senescence and apoptosis have been identified as critical molecular hallmarks in aging. In this study, we used stromal cell sheet culture as an in vitro model to study the progressive changes of cellular senescence, apoptosis and underlying mechanism in Wnt3a treated cells. Our results showed fresh bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) become senescent and undergo apoptosis with increased inflammatory profile and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in high-density cell sheet cultures. The gene expression level of senescence related proteins and key regulators of apoptosis in cell sheet cultures was significantly increased in older BMSCs at Days 4 and 7 cultures compared with younger cells at Day 1 cultures. More importantly, Wnt signaling activation significantly reduced senescence in cell sheet cultures by direct regulation of cell cycle inhibitor p27. This study not only characterized the cellular and molecular features of aging stromal cells in short-term cell sheet cultures, but also identified the downstream target responsible for Wnt inhibition of cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongyi Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Zhengliang Luo
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xifu Shang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Borsa
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is maintained by an integrated network of physiological mechanisms and stress response pathways that regulate the content and quality of the proteome. Maintenance of cellular proteostasis is key to ensuring normal development, resistance to environmental stress, coping with infection, and promoting healthy aging and lifespan. Recent studies have revealed that several proteostasis mechanisms can function in a cell-type-specific manner within hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we review recent studies demonstrating that the proteostasis network functions uniquely in HSCs to promote their maintenance and regenerative function. RECENT FINDINGS The proteostasis network is regulated differently in HSCs as compared with restricted hematopoietic progenitors. Disruptions in proteostasis are particularly detrimental to HSC maintenance and function. These findings suggest that multiple aspects of cellular physiology are uniquely regulated in HSCs to maintain proteostasis, and that precise control of proteostasis is particularly important to support life-long HSC maintenance and regenerative function. SUMMARY The proteostasis network is uniquely configured within HSCs to promote their longevity and hematopoietic function. Future work uncovering cell-type-specific differences in proteostasis network configuration, integration, and function will be essential for understanding how HSCs function during homeostasis, in response to stress, and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette A Chua
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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