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Zhang R, Wu M, Xiang D, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Zhong H, Peng Y, Wang Z, Ma G, Li G, Liu F, Ye W, Shi R, Zhou X, Babarinde IA, Su H, Chen J, Zhang X, Qin D, Hutchins AP, Pei D, Li D. A primate-specific endogenous retroviral envelope protein sequesters SFRP2 to regulate human cardiomyocyte development. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1298-1314.e8. [PMID: 39146934 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) occupy a significant part of the human genome, with some encoding proteins that influence the immune system or regulate cell-cell fusion in early extra-embryonic development. However, whether ERV-derived proteins regulate somatic development is unknown. Here, we report a somatic developmental function for the primate-specific ERVH48-1 (SUPYN/Suppressyn). ERVH48-1 encodes a fragment of a viral envelope that is expressed during early embryonic development. Loss of ERVH48-1 led to impaired mesoderm and cardiomyocyte commitment and diverted cells to an ectoderm-like fate. Mechanistically, ERVH48-1 is localized to sub-cellular membrane compartments through a functional N-terminal signal peptide and binds to the WNT antagonist SFRP2 to promote its polyubiquitination and degradation, thus limiting SFRP2 secretion and blocking repression of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Knockdown of SFRP2 or expression of a chimeric SFRP2 with the ERVH48-1 signal peptide rescued cardiomyocyte differentiation. This study demonstrates how ERVH48-1 modulates WNT/β-catenin signaling and cell type commitment in somatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Menghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jieying Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Yuling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guihuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Weipeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Ruona Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhou
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Isaac A Babarinde
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Dongwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China.
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2
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Bhattacharya R, Ward T, Kalejaiye TD, Mishra A, Leeman S, Arzaghi H, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Musah S. Engineered human iPS cell models reveal altered podocytogenesis and glomerular capillary wall in CHD-associated SMAD2 mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.606108. [PMID: 39211233 PMCID: PMC11360959 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Early developmental programming involves extensive cell lineage diversification through shared molecular signaling networks. Clinical observations of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients carrying SMAD2 genetic variants revealed correlations with multi-organ impairments at the developmental and functional levels. For example, many CHD patients present with glomerulosclerosis, periglomerular fibrosis, and albuminuria. Still, it remains largely unknown whether SMAD2 variants associated with CHD can directly alter kidney cell fate, tissue patterning, and organ-level function. To address this question, we engineered human iPS cells (iPSCs) and organ-on-a-chip systems to uncover the role of pathogenic SMAD2 variants in kidney podocytogenesis. Our results show that abrogation of SMAD2 causes altered patterning of the mesoderm and intermediate mesoderm (IM) cell lineages, which give rise to nearly all kidney cell types. Upon further differentiation of IM cells, the mutant podocytes failed to develop arborizations and interdigitations. A reconstituted glomerulus-on-a-chip platform exhibited significant proteinuria as clinically observed in glomerulopathies. This study implicates CHD-associated SMAD2 mutations in kidney tissue malformation and provides opportunities for therapeutic discovery in the future.
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3
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Xiao Z, Cui L, Yuan Y, He N, Xie X, Lin S, Yang X, Zhang X, Shi P, Wei Z, Li Y, Wang H, Wang X, Wei Y, Guo J, Yu L. 3D reconstruction of a gastrulating human embryo. Cell 2024; 187:2855-2874.e19. [PMID: 38657603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Progress in understanding early human development has been impeded by the scarcity of reference datasets from natural embryos, particularly those with spatial information during crucial stages like gastrulation. We conducted high-resolution spatial transcriptomics profiling on 38,562 spots from 62 transverse sections of an intact Carnegie stage (CS) 8 human embryo. From this spatial transcriptomic dataset, we constructed a 3D model of the CS8 embryo, in which a range of cell subtypes are identified, based on gene expression patterns and positional register, along the anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and dorsal-ventral axis in the embryo. We further characterized the lineage trajectories of embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues and associated regulons and the regionalization of signaling centers and signaling activities that underpin lineage progression and tissue patterning during gastrulation. Collectively, the findings of this study provide insights into gastrulation and post-gastrulation development of the human embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lina Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nannan He
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xinwei Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sirui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peifu Shi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yulei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingtao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Leqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
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4
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Ranek JS, Stallaert W, Milner JJ, Redick M, Wolff SC, Beltran AS, Stanley N, Purvis JE. DELVE: feature selection for preserving biological trajectories in single-cell data. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2765. [PMID: 38553455 PMCID: PMC10980758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell technologies can measure the expression of thousands of molecular features in individual cells undergoing dynamic biological processes. While examining cells along a computationally-ordered pseudotime trajectory can reveal how changes in gene or protein expression impact cell fate, identifying such dynamic features is challenging due to the inherent noise in single-cell data. Here, we present DELVE, an unsupervised feature selection method for identifying a representative subset of molecular features which robustly recapitulate cellular trajectories. In contrast to previous work, DELVE uses a bottom-up approach to mitigate the effects of confounding sources of variation, and instead models cell states from dynamic gene or protein modules based on core regulatory complexes. Using simulations, single-cell RNA sequencing, and iterative immunofluorescence imaging data in the context of cell cycle and cellular differentiation, we demonstrate how DELVE selects features that better define cell-types and cell-type transitions. DELVE is available as an open-source python package: https://github.com/jranek/delve .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene S Ranek
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wayne Stallaert
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Justin Milner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret Redick
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel C Wolff
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Human Pluripotent Cell Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Stanley
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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5
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Wu Z, Shen S, Mizikovsky D, Cao Y, Naval-Sanchez M, Tan SZ, Alvarez YD, Sun Y, Chen X, Zhao Q, Kim D, Yang P, Hill TA, Jones A, Fairlie DP, Pébay A, Hewitt AW, Tam PPL, White MD, Nefzger CM, Palpant NJ. Wnt dose escalation during the exit from pluripotency identifies tranilast as a regulator of cardiac mesoderm. Dev Cell 2024; 59:705-722.e8. [PMID: 38354738 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a critical determinant of cell lineage development. This study used Wnt dose-dependent induction programs to gain insights into molecular regulation of stem cell differentiation. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of hiPSCs responding to a dose escalation protocol with Wnt agonist CHIR-99021 during the exit from pluripotency to identify cell types and genetic activity driven by Wnt stimulation. Results of activated gene sets and cell types were used to build a multiple regression model that predicts the efficiency of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Cross-referencing Wnt-associated gene expression profiles to the Connectivity Map database, we identified the small-molecule drug, tranilast. We found that tranilast synergistically activates Wnt signaling to promote cardiac lineage differentiation, which we validate by in vitro analysis of hiPSC differentiation and in vivo analysis of developing quail embryos. Our study provides an integrated workflow that links experimental datasets, prediction models, and small-molecule databases to identify drug-like compounds that control cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalia Mizikovsky
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuanzhao Cao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Marina Naval-Sanchez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Siew Zhuan Tan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yanina D Alvarez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Qiongyi Zhao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Kim
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Timothy A Hill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alun Jones
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Melanie D White
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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6
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Nakanoh S, Sham K, Ghimire S, Mohorianu I, Rayon T, Vallier L. Human surface ectoderm and amniotic ectoderm are sequentially specified according to cellular density. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh7748. [PMID: 38427729 PMCID: PMC10906920 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh7748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mechanisms specifying amniotic ectoderm and surface ectoderm are unresolved in humans due to their close similarities in expression patterns and signal requirements. This lack of knowledge hinders the development of protocols to accurately model human embryogenesis. Here, we developed a human pluripotent stem cell model to investigate the divergence between amniotic and surface ectoderms. In the established culture system, cells differentiated into functional amnioblast-like cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of amnioblast differentiation revealed an intermediate cell state with enhanced surface ectoderm gene expression. Furthermore, when the differentiation started at the confluent condition, cells retained the expression profile of surface ectoderm. Collectively, we propose that human amniotic ectoderm and surface ectoderm are specified along a common nonneural ectoderm trajectory based on cell density. Our culture system also generated extraembryonic mesoderm-like cells from the primed pluripotent state. Together, this study provides an integrative understanding of the human nonneural ectoderm development and a model for embryonic and extraembryonic human development around gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakanoh
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Kendig Sham
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sabitri Ghimire
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Teresa Rayon
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
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7
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Lee M, Oh JN, Choe GC, Choi KH, Lee DK, Kim SH, Jeong J, Ahn Y, Lee CK. NANOG expression in parthenogenetic porcine blastocysts is required for intact lineage specification and pluripotency. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1905-1917. [PMID: 37641830 PMCID: PMC10623019 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nanog homeobox (NANOG) is a core transcription factor that contributes to pluripotency along with octamer binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4) and sex determining region-Y box-2 (SOX2). It is an epiblast lineage marker in mammalian pre-implantation embryos and exhibits a species-specific expression pattern. Therefore, it is important to understand the lineage of NANOG, the trophectoderm, and the primitive endoderm in the pig embryo. METHODS A loss- and gain-of-function analysis was done to determine the role of NANOG in lineage specification in parthenogenetic porcine blastocysts. We analyzed the relationship between NANOG and pluripotent core transcription factors and other lineage makers. RESULTS In NANOG-null late blastocysts, OCT4-, SOX2-, and SOX17-positive cells were decreased, whereas GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6)-positive cells were increased. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expression of SOX2 was decreased in NANOG-null blastocysts, whereas that of primitive endoderm makers, except SOX17, was increased. In NANOG-overexpressing blastocysts, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2-), SOX17-, and GATA6-positive cells were decreased. The results indicated that the expression of primitive endoderm markers and trophectoderm-related genes was decreased. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results demonstrate that NANOG is involved in the epiblast and primitive endoderm differentiation and is essential for maintaining pluripotency within the epiblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jong-Nam Oh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510,
USA
| | - Gyung Cheol Choe
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Yelim Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
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8
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Meier AB, Zawada D, De Angelis MT, Martens LD, Santamaria G, Zengerle S, Nowak-Imialek M, Kornherr J, Zhang F, Tian Q, Wolf CM, Kupatt C, Sahara M, Lipp P, Theis FJ, Gagneur J, Goedel A, Laugwitz KL, Dorn T, Moretti A. Epicardioid single-cell genomics uncovers principles of human epicardium biology in heart development and disease. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1787-1800. [PMID: 37012447 PMCID: PMC10713454 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The epicardium, the mesothelial envelope of the vertebrate heart, is the source of multiple cardiac cell lineages during embryonic development and provides signals that are essential to myocardial growth and repair. Here we generate self-organizing human pluripotent stem cell-derived epicardioids that display retinoic acid-dependent morphological, molecular and functional patterning of the epicardium and myocardium typical of the left ventricular wall. By combining lineage tracing, single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility profiling, we describe the specification and differentiation process of different cell lineages in epicardioids and draw comparisons to human fetal development at the transcriptional and morphological levels. We then use epicardioids to investigate the functional cross-talk between cardiac cell types, gaining new insights into the role of IGF2/IGF1R and NRP2 signaling in human cardiogenesis. Finally, we show that epicardioids mimic the multicellular pathogenesis of congenital or stress-induced hypertrophy and fibrotic remodeling. As such, epicardioids offer a unique testing ground of epicardial activity in heart development, disease and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Meier
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorota Zawada
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura D Martens
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Association-Munich School for Data Science (MUDS), Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sophie Zengerle
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Nowak-Imialek
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Qinghai Tian
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Cordula M Wolf
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Lipp
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Molecular Imaging and Screening, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julien Gagneur
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Goedel
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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9
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Múnera JO, Kechele DO, Bouffi C, Qu N, Jing R, Maity P, Enriquez JR, Han L, Campbell I, Mahe MM, McCauley HA, Zhang X, Sundaram N, Hudson JR, Zarsozo-Lacoste A, Pradhan S, Tominaga K, Sanchez JG, Weiss AA, Chatuvedi P, Spence JR, Hachimi M, North T, Daley GQ, Mayhew CN, Hu YC, Takebe T, Helmrath MA, Wells JM. Development of functional resident macrophages in human pluripotent stem cell-derived colonic organoids and human fetal colon. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1434-1451.e9. [PMID: 37922878 PMCID: PMC10913028 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Most organs have tissue-resident immune cells. Human organoids lack these immune cells, which limits their utility in modeling many normal and disease processes. Here, we describe that pluripotent stem cell-derived human colonic organoids (HCOs) co-develop a diverse population of immune cells, including hemogenic endothelium (HE)-like cells and erythromyeloid progenitors that undergo stereotypical steps in differentiation, resulting in the generation of functional macrophages. HCO macrophages acquired a transcriptional signature resembling human fetal small and large intestine tissue-resident macrophages. HCO macrophages modulate cytokine secretion in response to pro- and anti-inflammatory signals and were able to phagocytose and mount a robust response to pathogenic bacteria. When transplanted into mice, HCO macrophages were maintained within the colonic organoid tissue, established a close association with the colonic epithelium, and were not displaced by the host bone-marrow-derived macrophages. These studies suggest that HE in HCOs gives rise to multipotent hematopoietic progenitors and functional tissue-resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge O Múnera
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Daniel O Kechele
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Carine Bouffi
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Na Qu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ran Jing
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pritiprasanna Maity
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jacob R Enriquez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Maxime M Mahe
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heather A McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Xinghao Zhang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan R Hudson
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Adrian Zarsozo-Lacoste
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Suman Pradhan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kentaro Tominaga
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - J Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Alison A Weiss
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Praneet Chatuvedi
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mariam Hachimi
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trista North
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher N Mayhew
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Pluripotent Stem Cell Facility, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Pluripotent Stem Cell Facility, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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10
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Velichkova G, Dobreva G. Human pluripotent stem cell-based models of heart development and disease. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203857. [PMID: 37257755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The heart is a complex organ composed of distinct cell types, such as cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neuronal cells and immune cells. All these cell types contribute to the structural, electrical and mechanical properties of the heart. Genetic manipulation and lineage tracing studies in mice have been instrumental in gaining critical insights into the networks regulating cardiac cell lineage specification, cell fate and plasticity. Such knowledge has been of fundamental importance for the development of efficient protocols for the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in highly specialized cardiac cell types. In this review, we summarize the evolution and current advances in protocols for cardiac subtype specification, maturation, and assembly in cardiac microtissues and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Velichkova
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany.
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11
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Rawat H, Kornherr J, Zawada D, Bakhshiyeva S, Kupatt C, Laugwitz KL, Bähr A, Dorn T, Moretti A, Nowak-Imialek M. Recapitulating porcine cardiac development in vitro: from expanded potential stem cell to embryo culture models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1111684. [PMID: 37261075 PMCID: PMC10227949 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) share many genetic, anatomical, and physiological traits with humans and therefore constitute an excellent preclinical animal model. Fundamental understanding of the cellular and molecular processes governing early porcine cardiogenesis is critical for developing advanced porcine models used for the study of heart diseases and new regenerative therapies. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of porcine cardiogenesis based on fetal porcine hearts at various developmental stages and cardiac cells derived from porcine expanded pluripotent stem cells (pEPSCs), i.e., stem cells having the potential to give rise to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissue. We notably demonstrate for the first time that pEPSCs can differentiate into cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs), functional cardiomyocytes (CMs), epicardial cells and epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) in vitro. Furthermore, we present an enhanced system for whole-embryo culture which allows continuous ex utero development of porcine post-implantation embryos from the cardiac crescent stage (ED14) up to the cardiac looping (ED17) stage. These new techniques provide a versatile platform for studying porcine cardiac development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilansi Rawat
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorota Zawada
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Bakhshiyeva
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Monika Nowak-Imialek
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Zawada D, Kornherr J, Meier AB, Santamaria G, Dorn T, Nowak-Imialek M, Ortmann D, Zhang F, Lachmann M, Dreßen M, Ortiz M, Mascetti VL, Harmer SC, Nobles M, Tinker A, De Angelis MT, Pedersen RA, Grote P, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A, Goedel A. Retinoic acid signaling modulation guides in vitro specification of human heart field-specific progenitor pools. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1722. [PMID: 37012244 PMCID: PMC10070453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenesis relies on the precise spatiotemporal coordination of multiple progenitor populations. Understanding the specification and differentiation of these distinct progenitor pools during human embryonic development is crucial for advancing our knowledge of congenital cardiac malformations and designing new regenerative therapies. By combining genetic labelling, single-cell transcriptomics, and ex vivo human-mouse embryonic chimeras we uncovered that modulation of retinoic acid signaling instructs human pluripotent stem cells to form heart field-specific progenitors with distinct fate potentials. In addition to the classical first and second heart fields, we observed the appearance of juxta-cardiac field progenitors giving rise to both myocardial and epicardial cells. Applying these findings to stem-cell based disease modelling we identified specific transcriptional dysregulation in first and second heart field progenitors derived from stem cells of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. This highlights the suitability of our in vitro differentiation platform for studying human cardiac development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zawada
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna B Meier
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tatjana Dorn
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Nowak-Imialek
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Lachmann
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- German Heart Center Munich, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Insure - Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Victoria L Mascetti
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen C Harmer
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Muriel Nobles
- Clinical Pharmacology & Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- Clinical Pharmacology & Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roger A Pedersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Phillip Grote
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
| | - Alexander Goedel
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Xu C, Zhang C, Liu Y, Ma H, Wu F, Jia Y, Hu J. Amniogenesis in Human Amniotic Sac Embryoids after Exposures to Organophosphate Flame Retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:47007. [PMID: 37027338 PMCID: PMC10081692 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amniogenesis is a key event in biochemical pregnancy, and its failure may result in human embryonic death. However, whether and how environmental chemicals affect amniogenesis remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to screen chemicals that may disrupt amniogenesis in an amniotic sac embryoid model and to investigate the potential mechanism of amniogenesis failure, with a focus on organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). METHODS This study developed a high-throughput toxicity screening assay based on transcriptional activity of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4). For the two positive OPFR hits with the strongest inhibitory activity, we used time-lapse and phase-contrast imaging to assess their effects on amniogenesis. Associated pathways were explored by RNA-sequencing and western blotting, and potential binding target protein was identified through a competitive binding experiment. RESULTS Eight positive hits exhibiting Oct4 expression were identified, with 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (IDDPP) showing the strongest inhibitory activity. EHDPP and IDDPP were found to disrupt the rosette-like structure of the amniotic sac or inhibit its development. Functional markers of squamous amniotic ectoderm and inner cell mass were also found disrupted in the EHDPP- and IDDPP-exposed embryoids. Mechanistically, embryoids exposed to each chemical exhibited abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated nonmuscle myosin (p-MLC-II) and were able to bind to integrin β1 (ITGβ1). CONCLUSION The amniotic sac embryoid models suggested that OPFRs disrupted amniogenesis likely by inhibiting the ITGβ1 pathway, thus providing direct in vitro evidence associating OPFRs with biochemical miscarriage. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenke Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Ma
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifan Wu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingting Jia
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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14
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Smith CA, Humphreys PA, Naven MA, Woods S, Mancini FE, O’Flaherty J, Meng QJ, Kimber SJ. Directed differentiation of hPSCs through a simplified lateral plate mesoderm protocol for generation of articular cartilage progenitors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280024. [PMID: 36706111 PMCID: PMC9882893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmentally, the articular joints are derived from lateral plate (LP) mesoderm. However, no study has produced both LP derived prechondrocytes and preosteoblasts from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) through a common progenitor in a chemically defined manner. Differentiation of hPSCs through the authentic route, via an LP-osteochondral progenitor (OCP), may aid understanding of human cartilage development and the generation of effective cell therapies for osteoarthritis. We refined our existing chondrogenic protocol, incorporating knowledge from development and other studies to produce a LP-OCP from which prechondrocyte- and preosteoblast-like cells can be generated. Results show the formation of an OCP, which can be further driven to prechondrocytes and preosteoblasts. Prechondrocytes cultured in pellets produced cartilage like matrix with lacunae and superficial flattened cells expressing lubricin. Additionally, preosteoblasts were able to generate a mineralised structure. This protocol can therefore be used to investigate further cartilage development and in the development of joint cartilage for potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Smith
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Naven
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Woods
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio E. Mancini
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julieta O’Flaherty
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Wang J, An M, Haubner BJ, Penninger JM. Cardiac regeneration: Options for repairing the injured heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:981982. [PMID: 36712238 PMCID: PMC9877631 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.981982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration is one of the grand challenges in repairing injured human hearts. Numerous studies of signaling pathways and metabolism on cardiac development and disease pave the way for endogenous cardiomyocyte regeneration. New drug delivery approaches, high-throughput screening, as well as novel therapeutic compounds combined with gene editing will facilitate the development of potential cell-free therapeutics. In parallel, progress has been made in the field of cell-based therapies. Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can partially rescue the myocardial defects caused by cardiomyocyte loss in large animals. In this review, we summarize current cell-based and cell-free regenerative therapies, discuss the importance of cardiomyocyte maturation in cardiac regenerative medicine, and envision new ways of regeneration for the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meilin An
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernhard Johannes Haubner
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, VBC – Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Wnt signaling in stem cells during development and cell lineage specification. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:121-143. [PMID: 36967192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
During embryo development, cell proliferation, cell fate specification and tissue patterning are coordinated and tightly regulated by a handful of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways activated by secreted growth factor families including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Nodal/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Hedgehog and Wnt. The spatial and temporal activation of these signaling pathways elicit context-specific cellular responses that ultimately shape the different tissues of the embryo. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these signaling pathways during embryo development, adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we first describe the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during early embryo development, axis specification and cell differentiation as a prelude to highlight how this knowledge is being leveraged to manipulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity with small molecules and biologics for the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into various cell lineages that are physiologically relevant for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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17
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Mammalian gastrulation: signalling activity and transcriptional regulation of cell lineage differentiation and germ layer formation. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1619-1631. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of signalling input and downstream transcriptional activity is the key molecular attribute driving the differentiation of germ layer tissue and the specification of cell lineages within each germ layer during gastrulation. This review delves into the current understanding of signalling and transcriptional control of lineage development in the germ layers of mouse embryo and non-human primate embryos during gastrulation and highlights the inter-species conservation and divergence of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of germ layer development in the human embryo.
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18
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Deterministic programming of human pluripotent stem cells into microglia facilitates studying their role in health and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123476119. [PMID: 36251998 PMCID: PMC9618131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123476119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are derived from yolk-sac macrophages that populate the developing CNS during early embryonic development. Once established, the microglia population is self-maintained throughout life by local proliferation. As a scalable source of microglia-like cells (MGLs), we here present a forward programming protocol for their generation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The transient overexpression of PU.1 and C/EBPβ in hPSCs led to a homogenous population of mature microglia within 16 d. MGLs met microglia characteristics on a morphological, transcriptional, and functional level. MGLs facilitated the investigation of a human tauopathy model in cortical neuron-microglia cocultures, revealing a secondary dystrophic microglia phenotype. Single-cell RNA sequencing of microglia integrated into hPSC-derived cortical brain organoids demonstrated a shift of microglia signatures toward a more-developmental in vivo-like phenotype, inducing intercellular interactions promoting neurogenesis and arborization. Taken together, our microglia forward programming platform represents a tool for both reductionist studies in monocultures and complex coculture systems, including 3D brain organoids for the study of cellular interactions in healthy or diseased environments.
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19
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The negative regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as key driver of inducers and repressors of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1179-1203. [PMID: 35979890 PMCID: PMC9411751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle damage-induced loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and dysfunction of the remaining ones leads to heart failure, which nowadays is the number one killer worldwide. Therapies fostering effective cardiac regeneration are the holy grail of cardiovascular research to stop the heart failure epidemic. The main goal of most myocardial regeneration protocols is the generation of new functional CMs through the differentiation of endogenous or exogenous cardiomyogenic cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of cardiomyocyte commitment, specification, differentiation and maturation is needed to devise innovative approaches to replace the CMs lost after injury in the adult heart. The transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation is a highly conserved process that require sequential activation and/or repression of different genetic programs. Therefore, CM differentiation and specification have been depicted as a step-wise specific chemical and mechanical stimuli inducing complete myogenic commitment and cell-cycle exit. Yet, the demonstration that some microRNAs are sufficient to direct ESC differentiation into CMs and that four specific miRNAs reprogram fibroblasts into CMs show that CM differentiation must also involve negative regulatory instructions. Here, we review the mechanisms of CM differentiation during development and from regenerative stem cells with a focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the process, putting in perspective their negative gene regulation as a main modifier of effective CM regeneration in the adult heart.
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20
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Humphreys PA, Mancini FE, Ferreira MJS, Woods S, Ogene L, Kimber SJ. Developmental principles informing human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cartilage and bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:17-36. [PMID: 34949507 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type given appropriate signals and hence have been used to research early human development of many tissues and diseases. Here, we review the major biological factors that regulate cartilage and bone development through the three main routes of neural crest, lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm. We examine how these routes have been used in differentiation protocols that replicate skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells and how these methods have been refined and improved over time. Finally, we discuss how pluripotent stem cells can be employed to understand human skeletal genetic diseases with a developmental origin and phenotype, and how developmental protocols have been applied to gain a better understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Miguel J S Ferreira
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Leona Ogene
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
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21
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Blassberg R, Patel H, Watson T, Gouti M, Metzis V, Delás MJ, Briscoe J. Sox2 levels regulate the chromatin occupancy of WNT mediators in epiblast progenitors responsible for vertebrate body formation. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:633-644. [PMID: 35550614 PMCID: PMC9106585 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
WNT signalling has multiple roles. It maintains pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, assigns posterior identity in the epiblast and induces mesodermal tissue. Here we provide evidence that these distinct functions are conducted by the transcription factor SOX2, which adopts different modes of chromatin interaction and regulatory element selection depending on its level of expression. At high levels, SOX2 displaces nucleosomes from regulatory elements with high-affinity SOX2 binding sites, recruiting the WNT effector TCF/β-catenin and maintaining pluripotent gene expression. Reducing SOX2 levels destabilizes pluripotency and reconfigures SOX2/TCF/β-catenin occupancy to caudal epiblast expressed genes. These contain low-affinity SOX2 sites and are co-occupied by T/Bra and CDX. The loss of SOX2 allows WNT-induced mesodermal differentiation. These findings define a role for Sox2 levels in dictating the chromatin occupancy of TCF/β-catenin and reveal how context-specific responses to a signal are configured by the level of a transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mina Gouti
- Stem Cell Modelling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicki Metzis
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Stutt N, Song M, Wilson MD, Scott IC. Cardiac specification during gastrulation - The Yellow Brick Road leading to Tinman. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 127:46-58. [PMID: 34865988 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The question of how the heart develops, and the genetic networks governing this process have become intense areas of research over the past several decades. This research is propelled by classical developmental studies and potential clinical applications to understand and treat congenital conditions in which cardiac development is disrupted. Discovery of the tinman gene in Drosophila, and examination of its vertebrate homolog Nkx2.5, along with other core cardiac transcription factors has revealed how cardiac progenitor differentiation and maturation drives heart development. Careful observation of cardiac morphogenesis along with lineage tracing approaches indicated that cardiac progenitors can be divided into two broad classes of cells, namely the first and second heart fields, that contribute to the heart in two distinct waves of differentiation. Ample evidence suggests that the fate of individual cardiac progenitors is restricted to distinct cardiac structures quite early in development, well before the expression of canonical cardiac progenitor markers like Nkx2.5. Here we review the initial specification of cardiac progenitors, discuss evidence for the early patterning of cardiac progenitors during gastrulation, and consider how early gene expression programs and epigenetic patterns can direct their development. A complete understanding of when and how the developmental potential of cardiac progenitors is determined, and their potential plasticity, is of great interest developmentally and also has important implications for both the study of congenital heart disease and therapeutic approaches based on cardiac stem cell programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Stutt
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Mengyi Song
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Ian C Scott
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
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23
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Cells: Recent Progress and Future Directions. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8110148. [PMID: 34821701 PMCID: PMC8622843 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great promise for cardiovascular regeneration following ischemic injury. Considerable effort has been made toward the development and optimization of methods to differentiate hiPSCs into vascular cells, such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells (ECs and SMCs). In particular, hiPSC-derived ECs have shown robust potential for promoting neovascularization in animal models of cardiovascular diseases, potentially achieving significant and sustained therapeutic benefits. However, the use of hiPSC-derived SMCs that possess high therapeutic relevance is a relatively new area of investigation, still in the earlier investigational stages. In this review, we first discuss different methodologies to derive vascular cells from hiPSCs with a particular emphasis on the role of key developmental signals. Furthermore, we propose a standardized framework for assessing and defining the EC and SMC identity that might be suitable for inducing tissue repair and regeneration. We then highlight the regenerative effects of hiPSC-derived vascular cells on animal models of myocardial infarction and hindlimb ischemia. Finally, we address several obstacles that need to be overcome to fully implement the use of hiPSC-derived vascular cells for clinical application.
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24
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Amnion signals are essential for mesoderm formation in primates. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5126. [PMID: 34446705 PMCID: PMC8390679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development is largely conserved among mammals. However, certain genes show divergent functions. By generating a transcriptional atlas containing >30,000 cells from post-implantation non-human primate embryos, we uncover that ISL1, a gene with a well-established role in cardiogenesis, controls a gene regulatory network in primate amnion. CRISPR/Cas9-targeting of ISL1 results in non-human primate embryos which do not yield viable offspring, demonstrating that ISL1 is critically required in primate embryogenesis. On a cellular level, mutant ISL1 embryos display a failure in mesoderm formation due to reduced BMP4 signaling from the amnion. Via loss of function and rescue studies in human embryonic stem cells we confirm a similar role of ISL1 in human in vitro derived amnion. This study highlights the importance of the amnion as a signaling center during primate mesoderm formation and demonstrates the potential of in vitro primate model systems to dissect the genetics of early human embryonic development. Human and murine embryonic development has disparities, highlighting the need for primate systems. Here, the authors construct a post-implantation transcriptional atlas from non-human primate embryos and show ISL1 controls a gene regulatory network in the amnion required for mesoderm formation.
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25
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Williams TL, Colzani MT, Macrae RGC, Robinson EL, Bloor S, Greenwood EJD, Zhan JR, Strachan G, Kuc RE, Nyimanu D, Maguire JJ, Lehner PJ, Sinha S, Davenport AP. Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte platform screens inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Commun Biol 2021; 4:926. [PMID: 34326460 PMCID: PMC8322398 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities are more susceptible to severe infection with SARS-CoV-2, known to directly cause pathological damage to cardiovascular tissue. We outline a screening platform using human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, confirmed to express the protein machinery critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped virus system. The method has allowed us to identify benztropine and DX600 as novel inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a clinically relevant stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte line. Discovery of new medicines will be critical for protecting the heart in patients with SARS-CoV-2, and for individuals where vaccination is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Williams
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria T Colzani
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robyn G C Macrae
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma L Robinson
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stuart Bloor
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward J D Greenwood
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun Ru Zhan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregory Strachan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duuamene Nyimanu
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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26
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Induction of the CD24 Surface Antigen in Primary Undifferentiated Human Adipose Progenitor Cells by the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway. Biologics 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics1020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the murine model system of adipogenesis, the CD24 cell surface protein represents a valuable marker to label undifferentiated adipose progenitor cells. Indeed, when injected into the residual fat pads of lipodystrophic mice, these CD24 positive cells reconstitute a normal white adipose tissue (WAT) depot. Unluckily, similar studies in humans are rare and incomplete. This is because it is impossible to obtain large numbers of primary CD24 positive human adipose stem cells (hASCs). This study shows that primary hASCs start to express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored CD24 protein when cultured with a chemically defined medium supplemented with molecules that activate the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Therefore, this in vitro system may help understand the biology and role in adipogenesis of the CD24-positive hASCs. The induced cells’ phenotype was studied by flow cytometry, Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques, and their secretion profile. The results show that CD24 positive cells are early undifferentiated progenitors expressing molecules related to the angiogenic pathway.
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27
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Yu Q, Kilik U, Holloway EM, Tsai YH, Harmel C, Wu A, Wu JH, Czerwinski M, Childs CJ, He Z, Capeling MM, Huang S, Glass IA, Higgins PDR, Treutlein B, Spence JR, Camp JG. Charting human development using a multi-endodermal organ atlas and organoid models. Cell 2021; 184:3281-3298.e22. [PMID: 34019796 PMCID: PMC8208823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organs are composed of diverse cell types that traverse transient states during organogenesis. To interrogate this diversity during human development, we generate a single-cell transcriptome atlas from multiple developing endodermal organs of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. We illuminate cell states, transcription factors, and organ-specific epithelial stem cell and mesenchyme interactions across lineages. We implement the atlas as a high-dimensional search space to benchmark human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (HIOs) under multiple culture conditions. We show that HIOs recapitulate reference cell states and use HIOs to reconstruct the molecular dynamics of intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme emergence. We show that the mesenchyme-derived niche cue NRG1 enhances intestinal stem cell maturation in vitro and that the homeobox transcription factor CDX2 is required for regionalization of intestinal epithelium and mesenchyme in humans. This work combines cell atlases and organoid technologies to understand how human organ development is orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umut Kilik
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christoph Harmel
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Czerwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charlie J Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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Hofbauer P, Jahnel SM, Papai N, Giesshammer M, Deyett A, Schmidt C, Penc M, Tavernini K, Grdseloff N, Meledeth C, Ginistrelli LC, Ctortecka C, Šalic Š, Novatchkova M, Mendjan S. Cardioids reveal self-organizing principles of human cardiogenesis. Cell 2021; 184:3299-3317.e22. [PMID: 34019794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organoids capable of forming tissue-like structures have transformed our ability to model human development and disease. With the notable exception of the human heart, lineage-specific self-organizing organoids have been reported for all major organs. Here, we established self-organizing cardioids from human pluripotent stem cells that intrinsically specify, pattern, and morph into chamber-like structures containing a cavity. Cardioid complexity can be controlled by signaling that instructs the separation of cardiomyocyte and endothelial layers and by directing epicardial spreading, inward migration, and differentiation. We find that cavity morphogenesis is governed by a mesodermal WNT-BMP signaling axis and requires its target HAND1, a transcription factor linked to developmental heart chamber defects. Upon cryoinjury, cardioids initiated a cell-type-dependent accumulation of extracellular matrix, an early hallmark of both regeneration and heart disease. Thus, human cardioids represent a powerful platform to mechanistically dissect self-organization, congenital heart defects and serve as a foundation for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Papai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Giesshammer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison Deyett
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam Penc
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katherina Tavernini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nastasja Grdseloff
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christy Meledeth
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ceci Ginistrelli
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Ctortecka
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Šejla Šalic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Ivanovitch K, Soro-Barrio P, Chakravarty P, Jones RA, Bell DM, Mousavy Gharavy SN, Stamataki D, Delile J, Smith JC, Briscoe J. Ventricular, atrial, and outflow tract heart progenitors arise from spatially and molecularly distinct regions of the primitive streak. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001200. [PMID: 33999917 PMCID: PMC8158918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart develops from 2 sources of mesoderm progenitors, the first and second heart field (FHF and SHF). Using a single-cell transcriptomic assay combined with genetic lineage tracing and live imaging, we find the FHF and SHF are subdivided into distinct pools of progenitors in gastrulating mouse embryos at earlier stages than previously thought. Each subpopulation has a distinct origin in the primitive streak. The first progenitors to leave the primitive streak contribute to the left ventricle, shortly after right ventricle progenitor emigrate, followed by the outflow tract and atrial progenitors. Moreover, a subset of atrial progenitors are gradually incorporated in posterior locations of the FHF. Although cells allocated to the outflow tract and atrium leave the primitive streak at a similar stage, they arise from different regions. Outflow tract cells originate from distal locations in the primitive streak while atrial progenitors are positioned more proximally. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates that the primitive streak cells contributing to the ventricles have a distinct molecular signature from those forming the outflow tract and atrium. We conclude that cardiac progenitors are prepatterned within the primitive streak and this prefigures their allocation to distinct anatomical structures of the heart. Together, our data provide a new molecular and spatial map of mammalian cardiac progenitors that will support future studies of heart development, function, and disease.
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Canu G, Ruhrberg C. First blood: the endothelial origins of hematopoietic progenitors. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:199-211. [PMID: 33783643 PMCID: PMC8205888 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis in vertebrate embryos occurs in temporally and spatially overlapping waves in close proximity to blood vascular endothelial cells. Initially, yolk sac hematopoiesis produces primitive erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and macrophages. Thereafter, sequential waves of definitive hematopoiesis arise from yolk sac and intraembryonic hemogenic endothelia through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, the endothelial and hematopoietic transcriptional programs are tightly co-regulated to orchestrate a shift in cell identity. In the yolk sac, EHT generates erythro-myeloid progenitors, which upon migration to the liver differentiate into fetal blood cells, including erythrocytes and tissue-resident macrophages. In the dorsal aorta, EHT produces hematopoietic stem cells, which engraft the fetal liver and then the bone marrow to sustain adult hematopoiesis. Recent studies have defined the relationship between the developing vascular and hematopoietic systems in animal models, including molecular mechanisms that drive the hemato-endothelial transcription program for EHT. Moreover, human pluripotent stem cells have enabled modeling of fetal human hematopoiesis and have begun to generate cell types of clinical interest for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Canu
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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31
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Tsujimoto H, Kasahara T, Sueta SI, Araoka T, Sakamoto S, Okada C, Mae SI, Nakajima T, Okamoto N, Taura D, Nasu M, Shimizu T, Ryosaka M, Li Z, Sone M, Ikeya M, Watanabe A, Osafune K. A Modular Differentiation System Maps Multiple Human Kidney Lineages from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107476. [PMID: 32268094 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have developed protocols to induce kidney-lineage cells and reconstruct kidney organoids. However, the separate generation of metanephric nephron progenitors (NPs), mesonephric NPs, and ureteric bud (UB) cells, which constitute embryonic kidneys, in in vitro differentiation culture systems has not been fully investigated. Here, we create a culture system in which these mesoderm-like cell types and paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm-like cells are separately generated from hPSCs. We recapitulate nephrogenic niches from separately induced metanephric NP-like and UB-like cells, which are subsequently differentiated into glomeruli, renal tubules, and collecting ducts in vitro and further vascularized in vivo. Our selective differentiation protocols should contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying human kidney development and disease and also supply cell sources for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tsujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kasahara
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sueta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Araoka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Mitsubishi Space Software, 5-4-36 Tsukaguchi-honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0001, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Mae
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taiki Nakajima
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Natsumi Okamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Nasu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ryosaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR 618, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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32
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Li Y, Weng X, Wang P, He Z, Cheng S, Wang D, Li X, Cheng G, Li T. 4-phenylbutyrate exerts stage-specific effects on cardiac differentiation via HDAC inhibition. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250267. [PMID: 33882103 PMCID: PMC8059837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), a terminal aromatic substituted fatty acid, is used widely to specifically attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs). In this study, we investigated the effect of 4-PBA on cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Herein, we found that 4-PBA regulated cardiac differentiation in a stage-specific manner just like trichostatin A (TSA), a well-known HDAC inhibitor. 4-PBA and TSA favored the early-stage differentiation, but inhibited the late-stage cardiac differentiation via acetylation. Mechanistic studies suggested that HDACs exhibited a temporal expression profiling during cardiomyogenesis. Hdac1 expression underwent a decrease at the early stage, while was upregulated at the late stage of cardiac induction. During the early stage of cardiac differentiation, acetylation favored the induction of Isl1 and Nkx2.5, two transcription factors of cardiac progenitors. During the late stage, histone acetylation induced by 4-PBA or TSA interrupted the gene silence of Oct4, a key determinant of self-renewal and pluripotency. Thereby, 4-PBA and TSA at the late stage hindered the exit from pluripotency, and attenuated the expression of cardiac-specific contractile proteins. Overexpression of HDAC1 and p300 exerted different effects at the distinct stages of cardiac induction. Collectively, our study shows that timely manipulation of HDACs exhibits distinct effects on cardiac differentiation. And the context-dependent effects of HDAC inhibitors depend on cell differentiation states marked by the temporal expression of pluripotency-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Weng
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zezhao He
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siya Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongxing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- Department of Health Service, Logistics College of People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanchang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (GC)
| | - Tao Li
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (GC)
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33
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Carobbio S, Guenantin AC, Bahri M, Rodriguez-Fdez S, Honig F, Kamzolas I, Samuelson I, Long K, Awad S, Lukovic D, Erceg S, Bassett A, Mendjan S, Vallier L, Rosen BS, Chiarugi D, Vidal-Puig A. Unraveling the Developmental Roadmap toward Human Brown Adipose Tissue. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:641-655. [PMID: 33606988 PMCID: PMC7940445 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activation is a therapeutic strategy to treat obesity and complications. Obese and diabetic patients possess low amounts of BAT, so an efficient way to expand their mass is necessary. There is limited knowledge about how human BAT develops, differentiates, and is optimally activated. Accessing human BAT is challenging, given its low volume and anatomical dispersion. These constraints make detailed BAT-related developmental and functional mechanistic studies in humans virtually impossible. We have developed and characterized functionally and molecularly a new chemically defined protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into brown adipocytes (BAs) that overcomes current limitations. This protocol recapitulates step by step the physiological developmental path of human BAT. The BAs obtained express BA and thermogenic markers, are insulin sensitive, and responsive to β-adrenergic stimuli. This new protocol is scalable, enabling the study of human BAs at early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anne-Claire Guenantin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Myriam Bahri
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Floris Honig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ioannis Kamzolas
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Isabella Samuelson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathleen Long
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sherine Awad
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dunja Lukovic
- Retinal Degeneration Lab and National Stem Cell Bank-Valencia Node, Research Center Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Stem Cell Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab and National Stem Cell Bank - Valencia Node, Research Center Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrew Bassett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barry S Rosen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Davide Chiarugi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Jiangbei Area, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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34
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Nayak P, Colas A, Mercola M, Varghese S, Subramaniam S. Temporal mechanisms of myogenic specification in human induced pluripotent stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf7412. [PMID: 33731358 PMCID: PMC7968833 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of myogenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a prerequisite to achieving patient-specific therapy for diseases of skeletal muscle. hiPSCs of different origin show distinctive kinetics and ability to differentiate into myocytes. To address the unique cellular and temporal context of hiPSC differentiation, we perform a longitudinal comparison of the transcriptomic profiles of three hiPSC lines that display differential myogenic specification, one robust and two blunted. We detail temporal differences in mechanisms that lead to robust myogenic specification. We show gene expression signatures of putative cell subpopulations and extracellular matrix components that may support myogenesis. Furthermore, we show that targeted knockdown of ZIC3 at the outset of differentiation leads to improved myogenic specification in blunted hiPSC lines. Our study suggests that β-catenin transcriptional cofactors mediate cross-talk between multiple cellular processes and exogenous cues to facilitate specification of hiPSCs to mesoderm lineage, leading to robust myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nayak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Colas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - S Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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35
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Modulating hESC-derived cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell function with triple-helical peptides for heart tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120612. [PMID: 33385684 PMCID: PMC7884910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of cardiomyocyte (CM) and endothelial cell (EC) specific interactions with collagen in the assembly of an operational myocardium in vitro. Engineered cardiac patches represent valuable tools for myocardial repair following infarction and are generally constituted of a suitable biomaterial populated by CMs and supportive cell types. Among those, ECs are required for tissue vascularization and positively modulate CM function. To direct the function of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived CM and EC seeded on biomaterials, we replicated cell-collagen interactions, which regulate cellular behaviour in the native myocardium, using triple-helical peptides (THPs) that are ligands for collagen-binding proteins. THPs enhanced proliferation and activity of CMs and ECs separately and in co-culture, drove CM maturation and enabled coordinated cellular contraction on collagen films. These results highlight the importance of collagen interactions on cellular response and establish THP-functionalized biomaterials as novel tools to produce engineered cardiac tissues.
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36
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Walsh P, Truong V, Nayak S, Saldías Montivero M, Low WC, Parr AM, Dutton JR. Accelerated differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into neural lineages via an early intermediate ectoderm population. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1400-1408. [PMID: 32745311 PMCID: PMC7693041 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into ectoderm provides neurons and glia useful for research, disease modeling, drug discovery, and potential cell therapies. In current protocols, hPSCs are traditionally differentiated into an obligate rostro-dorsal ectodermal fate expressing PAX6 after 6 to 12 days in vitro when protected from mesendoderm inducers. This rate-limiting step has performed a long-standing role in hindering the development of rapid differentiation protocols for ectoderm-derived cell types, as any protocol requires 6 to 10 days in vitro to simply initiate. Here, we report efficient differentiation of hPSCs into a naive early ectodermal intermediate within 24 hours using combined inhibition of bone morphogenic protein and fibroblast growth factor signaling. The induced population responds immediately to morphogen gradients to upregulate rostro-caudal neurodevelopmental landmark gene expression in a generally accelerated fashion. This method can serve as a new platform for the development of novel, rapid, and efficient protocols for the manufacture of hPSC-derived neural lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walsh
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Vincent Truong
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual NeurosciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sushmita Nayak
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Walter C. Low
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - James R. Dutton
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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37
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Kreuser U, Buchert J, Haase A, Richter W, Diederichs S. Initial WNT/β-Catenin Activation Enhanced Mesoderm Commitment, Extracellular Matrix Expression, Cell Aggregation and Cartilage Tissue Yield From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581331. [PMID: 33195222 PMCID: PMC7661475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesodermal differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and subsequent specification into mesodermal derivatives like chondrocytes is currently afflicted with a substantial cell loss that severely limits tissue yield. More knowledge on the key players regulating mesodermal differentiation of iPSCs is currently needed to drive all cells into the desired lineage and to overcome the current need for intermediate cell selection steps to remove misdifferentiated cells. Using two independent human iPSC lines, we here report that a short initial WNT/β-catenin pulse induced by the small molecule CHIR99021 (24 h) enhanced expression of mesodermal markers (PDGFRα, HAND1, KDR, and GATA4), supported the exit from pluripotency (decreased OCT4, SOX2, and LIN28A) and inhibited ectodermal misdifferentiation (reduced PAX6, TUBB3, and NES). Importantly, the initial CHIR pulse increased cell proliferation until day 14 (five-fold), adjusted expression of adhesion-related genes (CDH3 up, CDH6 down) and increased extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression (COL6, COL1, COL3, COL5, DCN, NPNT, LUM, MGP, MATN2, and VTN), thus yielding more matrix-interacting progenitors with a high aggregation capability. Enhanced contribution to chondrogenic pellet formation increased the cell yield after eight weeks 200-fold compared to controls. The collagen type II and proteoglycan-positive area was enlarged in the CHIR group, indicating an increased number of cartilage-forming cells. Conclusively, short initial WNT activation improved mesoderm commitment and our data demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge that, acting via stimulation of cell proliferation, ECM expression and cell aggregation, WNT pulsing is a key step to make cell selection steps before chondrogenesis obsolete. This advanced understanding of the WNT/β-catenin function is a major step toward robust and efficient generation of high-quality mesodermal progenitors from human iPSCs and toward rescuing low tissue yield during subsequent in vitro chondrogenesis, which is highly desired for clinical cartilage regeneration, disease modeling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Kreuser
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justyna Buchert
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Haase
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Solvig Diederichs
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Stavish D, Böiers C, Price C, Frith TJR, Halliwell J, Saldaña-Guerrero I, Wray J, Brown J, Carr J, James C, Barbaric I, Andrews PW, Enver T. Generation and trapping of a mesoderm biased state of human pluripotency. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4989. [PMID: 33020476 PMCID: PMC7536399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We postulate that exit from pluripotency involves intermediates that retain pluripotency while simultaneously exhibiting lineage-bias. Using a MIXL1 reporter, we explore mesoderm lineage-bias within the human pluripotent stem cell compartment. We identify a substate, which at the single cell level coexpresses pluripotent and mesodermal gene expression programmes. Functionally these cells initiate stem cell cultures and exhibit mesodermal bias in differentiation assays. By promoting mesodermal identity through manipulation of WNT signalling while preventing exit from pluripotency using lysophosphatidic acid, we 'trap' and maintain cells in a lineage-biased stem cell state through multiple passages. These cells correspond to a normal state on the differentiation trajectory, the plasticity of which is evidenced by their reacquisition of an unbiased state upon removal of differentiation cues. The use of 'cross-antagonistic' signalling to trap pluripotent stem cell intermediates with different lineage-bias may have general applicability in the efficient production of cells for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Stavish
- The Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Charlotta Böiers
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St, London, WC1E 6AG, UK
| | - Christopher Price
- The Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas J R Frith
- The Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jason Halliwell
- The Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ingrid Saldaña-Guerrero
- The Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jason Wray
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St, London, WC1E 6AG, UK
| | - John Brown
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St, London, WC1E 6AG, UK
| | - Jonathon Carr
- The Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Chela James
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St, London, WC1E 6AG, UK
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- The Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter W Andrews
- The Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Tariq Enver
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St, London, WC1E 6AG, UK
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Horii M, Bui T, Touma O, Cho HY, Parast MM. An Improved Two-Step Protocol for Trophoblast Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 50:e96. [PMID: 31479595 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously established a two-step protocol for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into trophoblasts, using a StemPro-based minimal medium (EMIM) with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4). This protocol was suboptimal, resulting in induction of mixed mesoderm and trophoblast markers. Furthermore, adapting hPSCs to StemPro has proven difficult, and prolonged culture in this medium has been shown to promote genomic instability. Therefore, we moved on to the use of new media, including E8, and most recently, StemFlex, for rapid adaptation from feeder to non-feeder conditions. In the new protocol, we have incorporated the WNT inhibitor IWP2 into the first step, resulting in uniform differentiation of hPSCs into cytotrophoblast (CTB)-like cells, without induction of the mesoderm lineage. We also show that, at the end of the second step, there are distinct populations of terminally differentiated multinucleated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-producing syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and HLAG+ extravillous trophoblast (EVT)-like cells. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Horii
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tony Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ojeni Touma
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hee Young Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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40
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Yilmaz A, Braverman-Gross C, Bialer-Tsypin A, Peretz M, Benvenisty N. Mapping Gene Circuits Essential for Germ Layer Differentiation via Loss-of-Function Screens in Haploid Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:679-691.e6. [PMID: 32735778 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into all embryonic germ layers, yet the genes essential for these cell fate transitions in human remain elusive. Here, we mapped the essential genes for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into the three germ layers by using a genome-wide loss-of-function library established in haploid hPSCs. Strikingly, we observed a high fraction of essential genes associated with plasma membrane, highlighting signaling pathways needed for each lineage differentiation. Interestingly, analysis of all hereditary neurological disorders uncovered high essentiality among microcephaly-causing genes. Furthermore, we demonstrated lineage-specific hierarchies among essential transcription factors and a set of Golgi- and endoplasmic reticulum-related genes needed for the differentiation into all germ layers. Our work sheds light on the gene networks regulating early gastrulation events in human by defining essential drivers of specific embryonic germ layer fates and essential genes for the exit from pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilgan Yilmaz
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Carmel Braverman-Gross
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Anna Bialer-Tsypin
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Mordecai Peretz
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Abstract
The lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) forms the progenitor cells that constitute the heart and cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, smooth muscle lineage and limb skeleton in the developing vertebrate embryo. Despite this central role in development and evolution, the LPM remains challenging to study and to delineate, owing to its lineage complexity and lack of a concise genetic definition. Here, we outline the processes that govern LPM specification, organization, its cell fates and the inferred evolutionary trajectories of LPM-derived tissues. Finally, we discuss the development of seemingly disparate organ systems that share a common LPM origin. Summary: The lateral plate mesoderm is the origin of several major cell types and organ systems in the vertebrate body plan. How this mesoderm territory emerges and partitions into its downstream fates provides clues about vertebrate development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin D Prummel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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TATA box-binding protein-related factor 3 drives the mesendoderm specification of human embryonic stem cells by globally interacting with the TATA box of key mesendodermal genes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:196. [PMID: 32448362 PMCID: PMC7245780 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesendodermal formation during early gastrulation requires the expression of lineage-specific genes, while the regulatory mechanisms during this process have not yet been fully illustrated. TATA box-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-like factors are general transcription factors responsible for the transcription initiation by recruiting the preinitiation complex to promoter regions. However, the role of TBP family members in the regulation of mesendodermal specification remains largely unknown. METHODS We used an in vitro mesendodermal differentiation system of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), combining with the microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, loss of function and gain of function to determine the function of the TBP family member TBP-related factor 3 (TRF3) during mesendodermal differentiation of hESCs. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and biochemistry analysis were used to determine the binding of TRF3 to the promoter region of key mesendodermal genes. RESULTS The mesendodermal differentiation of hESCs was confirmed by the microarray gene expression profile, qRT-PCR, and immunocytochemical staining. The expression of TRF3 mRNA was enhanced during mesendodermal differentiation of hESCs. The TRF3 deficiency did not affect the pluripotent marker expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and cell cycle distribution of undifferentiated hESCs or the expression of early neuroectodermal genes during neuroectodermal differentiation. During the mesendodermal differentiation, the expression of pluripotency markers decreased in both wild-type and TRF3 knockout (TRF3-/-) cells, while the TRF3 deficiency crippled the expression of the mesendodermal markers. The reintroduction of TRF3 into the TRF3-/- hESCs rescued inhibited mesendodermal differentiation. Mechanistically, the TRF3 binding profile was significantly shifted to the mesendodermal specification during mesendodermal differentiation of hESCs based on the ChIP-seq data. Moreover, ChIP and ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that TRF3 was enriched at core promoter regions of mesendodermal developmental genes, EOMESODERMIN, BRACHYURY, mix paired-like homeobox, and GOOSECOID homeobox, during mesendodermal differentiation of hESCs. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that the TBP family member TRF3 is dispensable in the undifferentiated hESCs and the early neuroectodermal differentiation. However, it directs mesendodermal lineage commitment of hESCs via specifically promoting the transcription of key mesendodermal transcription factors. These findings provide new insights into the function and mechanisms of the TBP family member in hESC early lineage specification.
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Vyas B, Nandkishore N, Sambasivan R. Vertebrate cranial mesoderm: developmental trajectory and evolutionary origin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1933-1945. [PMID: 31722070 PMCID: PMC11105048 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate cranial mesoderm is a discrete developmental unit compared to the mesoderm below the developing neck. An extraordinary feature of the cranial mesoderm is that it includes a common progenitor pool contributing to the chambered heart and the craniofacial skeletal muscles. This striking developmental potential and the excitement it generated led to advances in our understanding of cranial mesoderm developmental mechanism. Remarkably, recent findings have begun to unravel the origin of its distinct developmental characteristics. Here, we take a detailed view of the ontogenetic trajectory of cranial mesoderm and its regulatory network. Based on the emerging evidence, we propose that cranial and posterior mesoderm diverge at the earliest step of the process that patterns the mesoderm germ layer along the anterior-posterior body axis. Further, we discuss the latest evidence and their impact on our current understanding of the evolutionary origin of cranial mesoderm. Overall, the review highlights the findings from contemporary research, which lays the foundation to probe the molecular basis of unique developmental potential and evolutionary origin of cranial mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Vyas
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nitya Nandkishore
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Transit Campus, Karakambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
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Daou R, Beißbarth T, Wingender E, Gültas M, Haubrock M. Constructing temporal regulatory cascades in the context of development and cell differentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231326. [PMID: 32275727 PMCID: PMC7147753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation is a complex process orchestrated by sets of regulators precisely appearing at certain time points, resulting in regulatory cascades that affect the expression of broader sets of genes, ending up in the formation of different tissues and organ parts. The identification of stage-specific master regulators and the mechanism by which they activate each other is a key to understanding and controlling differentiation, particularly in the fields of tissue regeneration and organoid engineering. Here we present a workflow that combines a comprehensive general regulatory network based on binding site predictions with user-provided temporal gene expression data, to generate a a temporally connected series of stage-specific regulatory networks, which we call a temporal regulatory cascade (TRC). A TRC identifies those regulators that are unique for each time point, resulting in a cascade that shows the emergence of these regulators and regulatory interactions across time. The model was implemented in the form of a user-friendly, visual web-tool, that requires no expert knowledge in programming or statistics, making it directly usable for life scientists. In addition to generating TRCs the tool links multiple interactive visual workflows, in which a user can track and investigate further different regulators, target genes, and interactions, directing the tool along the way into biologically sensible results based on the given dataset. We applied the TRC model on two different expression datasets, one based on experiments conducted on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) undergoing differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes and the other based on the differentiation of H1-derived human neuronal precursor cells. The model was successful in identifying previously known and new potential key regulators, in addition to the particular time points with which these regulators are associated, in cardiac and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Daou
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Science, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Martin Haubrock
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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45
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Laco F, Lam ATL, Woo TL, Tong G, Ho V, Soong PL, Grishina E, Lin KH, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Selection of human induced pluripotent stem cells lines optimization of cardiomyocytes differentiation in an integrated suspension microcarrier bioreactor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32183888 PMCID: PMC7076930 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The production of large quantities of cardiomyocyte is essential for the needs of cellular therapies. This study describes the selection of a human-induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC) line suitable for production of cardiomyocytes in a fully integrated bioprocess of stem cell expansion and differentiation in microcarrier stirred tank reactor. Methods Five hiPSC lines were evaluated first for their cardiac differentiation efficiency in monolayer cultures followed by their expansion and differentiation compatibility in microcarrier (MC) cultures under continuous stirring conditions. Results Three cell lines were highly cardiogenic but only one (FR202) of them was successfully expanded on continuous stirring MC cultures. FR202 was thus selected for cardiac differentiation in a 22-day integrated bioprocess under continuous stirring in a stirred tank bioreactor. In summary, we integrated a MC-based hiPSC expansion (phase 1), CHIR99021-induced cardiomyocyte differentiation step (phase 2), purification using the lactate-based treatment (phase 3) and cell recovery step (phase 4) into one process in one bioreactor, under restricted oxygen control (< 30% DO) and continuous stirring with periodic batch-type media exchanges. High density of undifferentiated hiPSC (2 ± 0.4 × 106 cells/mL) was achieved in the expansion phase. By controlling the stirring speed and DO levels in the bioreactor cultures, 7.36 ± 1.2 × 106 cells/mL cardiomyocytes with > 80% Troponin T were generated in the CHIR99021-induced differentiation phase. By adding lactate in glucose-free purification media, the purity of cardiomyocytes was enhanced (> 90% Troponin T), with minor cell loss as indicated by the increase in sub-G1 phase and the decrease of aggregate sizes. Lastly, we found that the recovery period is important for generating purer and functional cardiomyocytes (> 96% Troponin T). Three independent runs in a 300-ml working volume confirmed the robustness of this process. Conclusion A streamlined and controllable platform for large quantity manufacturing of pure functional atrial, ventricular and nodal cardiomyocytes on MCs in conventional-type stirred tank bioreactors was established, which can be further scaled up and translated to a good manufacturing practice-compliant production process, to fulfill the quantity requirements of the cellular therapeutic industry. Supplementary information The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-020-01618-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Laco
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
| | - Tsung-Liang Woo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Gerine Tong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Valerie Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Poh-Loong Soong
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elina Grishina
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
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Speicher AM, Wiendl H, Meuth SG, Pawlowski M. Generating microglia from human pluripotent stem cells: novel in vitro models for the study of neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:46. [PMID: 31856864 PMCID: PMC6921408 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an essential role for central nervous system (CNS) development and homeostasis and have been implicated in the onset, progression, and clearance of numerous diseases affecting the CNS. Previous in vitro research on human microglia was restricted to post-mortem brain tissue-derived microglia, with limited availability and lack of scalability. Recently, the first protocols for the generation of microglia from human pluripotent stem cells have become available, thus enabling the implementation of powerful platforms for disease modeling, drug testing, and studies on cell transplantation. Here we give a detailed and comprehensive overview of the protocols available for generating microglia from human pluripotent stem cells, highlighting the advantages, drawbacks, and operability and placing them into the context of current knowledge of human embryonic development. We review novel insights into microglia biology and the role of microglia in neurological diseases as drawn from the new methods and provide an outlook for future lines of research involving human pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Speicher
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Pawlowski
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Zhao M, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Deciphering Role of Wnt Signalling in Cardiac Mesoderm and Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Human iPSCs: Four-dimensional control of Wnt pathway for hiPSC-CMs differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19389. [PMID: 31852937 PMCID: PMC6920374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is critically dependent upon the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. The mechanisms remain unclear with regard to the dose and timing of each differentiation inducer, and the interaction of the inducers that regulate the Wnt in mesendoderm specification to cardiac mesoderm. Consequently, it remains far from optimal in differentiation efficiency and consistency from hiPSC lines to CMs. Here, we have carefully deciphered the role of Wnt signaling pathway manipulation on mesoderm specification in a dosage and time dependent manner. To examine the hypothesis of that fate specification of hiPSC-CMs differentiation is dictated by temporal and spatial factors that regulate Wnt, we evaluate hiPSC-CM differentiation with: (1) two-phase modulation of Wnt, (2) dosage variant of GSK3β inhibitors, (3) treatment with insulin, and (4) 3-dimentional suspension culture environment on iPSC-CM differentiation. The results highlight the importance of mesendoderm specification to cardiac mesoderm, which needs precisely regulation of Wnt in a dosage dependent and temporal on/off manner. This temporal regulation dictates the final efficiency and purity of derived cardiomyocytes. After the initial activation of Wnt signaling pathway to generate mesendoderm, the maintenance of Wnt signaling at an appropriate dose is critical to direct the cell fate into cardiac mesoderm. Otherwise, lower Wnt signals lead to definitive endoderm and higher Wnt signals induce presomitic mesoderm differentiation. The precisely specification of cardiac mesoderm results in not only greater than 90% of cTnT+ cardiomyocytes but also high cardiomyocytes yield under both monolayer and suspension culture conditions. Thus, the current findings provide critical insights to decipher the temporal mechanism of Wnt activation in regulation of hiPSC-CMs differentiation, and more importantly provide the guidelines for the consistent and high-yield and high-quality hiPSC-CMs production in cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35233, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35233, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35233, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35233, USA.
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Barral A, Rollan I, Sanchez-Iranzo H, Jawaid W, Badia-Careaga C, Menchero S, Gomez MJ, Torroja C, Sanchez-Cabo F, Göttgens B, Manzanares M, Sainz de Aja J. Nanog regulates Pou3f1 expression at the exit from pluripotency during gastrulation. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio046367. [PMID: 31791948 PMCID: PMC6899006 DOI: 10.1242/bio.046367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency is regulated by a network of transcription factors that maintain early embryonic cells in an undifferentiated state while allowing them to proliferate. NANOG is a critical factor for maintaining pluripotency and its role in primordial germ cell differentiation has been well described. However, Nanog is expressed during gastrulation across all the posterior epiblast, and only later in development is its expression restricted to primordial germ cells. In this work, we unveiled a previously unknown mechanism by which Nanog specifically represses genes involved in anterior epiblast lineage. Analysis of transcriptional data from both embryonic stem cells and gastrulating mouse embryos revealed Pou3f1 expression to be negatively correlated with that of Nanog during the early stages of differentiation. We have functionally demonstrated Pou3f1 to be a direct target of NANOG by using a dual transgene system for the controlled expression of Nanog Use of Nanog null ES cells further demonstrated a role for Nanog in repressing a subset of anterior neural genes. Deletion of a NANOG binding site (BS) located nine kilobases downstream of the transcription start site of Pou3f1 revealed this BS to have a specific role in the regionalization of the expression of this gene in the embryo. Our results indicate an active role of Nanog inhibiting neural regulatory networks by repressing Pou3f1 at the onset of gastrulation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barral
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Isabel Rollan
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Hector Sanchez-Iranzo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Wajid Jawaid
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Claudio Badia-Careaga
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sergio Menchero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel J Gomez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carlos Torroja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Fatima Sanchez-Cabo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Miguel Manzanares
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Julio Sainz de Aja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
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49
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Yiangou L, Grandy RA, Osnato A, Ortmann D, Sinha S, Vallier L. Cell cycle regulators control mesoderm specification in human pluripotent stem cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17903-17914. [PMID: 31515269 PMCID: PMC6879335 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesoderm is one of the three germ layers produced during gastrulation from which muscle, bones, kidneys, and the cardiovascular system originate. Understanding the mechanisms that control mesoderm specification could inform many applications, including the development of regenerative medicine therapies to manage diseases affecting these tissues. Here, we used human pluripotent stem cells to investigate the role of cell cycle in mesoderm formation. To this end, using small molecules or conditional gene knockdown, we inhibited proteins controlling G1 and G2/M cell cycle phases during the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into lateral plate, cardiac, and presomitic mesoderm. These loss-of-function experiments revealed that regulators of the G1 phase, such as cyclin-dependent kinases and pRb (retinoblastoma protein), are necessary for efficient mesoderm formation in a context-dependent manner. Further investigations disclosed that inhibition of the G2/M regulator cyclin-dependent kinase 1 decreases BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling activity specifically during lateral plate mesoderm formation while reducing fibroblast growth factor/extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 activity in all mesoderm subtypes. Taken together, our findings reveal that cell cycle regulators direct mesoderm formation by controlling the activity of key developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Yiangou
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo A Grandy
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Osnato
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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50
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Fowler JL, Ang LT, Loh KM. A critical look: Challenges in differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into desired cell types and organoids. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e368. [PMID: 31746148 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Too many choices can be problematic. This is certainly the case for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs): they harbor the potential to differentiate into hundreds of cell types; yet it is highly challenging to exclusively differentiate hPSCs into a single desired cell type. This review focuses on unresolved and fundamental questions regarding hPSC differentiation and critiquing the identity and purity of the resultant cell populations. These are timely issues in view of the fact that hPSC-derived cell populations have or are being transplanted into patients in over 30 ongoing clinical trials. While many in vitro differentiation protocols purport to "mimic development," the exact number and identity of intermediate steps that a pluripotent cell takes to differentiate into a given cell type in vivo remains largely unknown. Consequently, most differentiation efforts inevitably generate a heterogeneous cellular population, as revealed by single-cell RNA-sequencing and other analyses. The presence of unwanted cell types in differentiated hPSC populations does not portend well for transplantation therapies. This provides an impetus to precisely control differentiation to desired ends-for instance, by logically blocking the formation of unwanted cell types or by overexpressing lineage-specifying transcription factors-or by harnessing technologies to selectively purify desired cell types. Conversely, approaches to differentiate three-dimensional "organoids" from hPSCs intentionally generate heterogeneous cell populations. While this is intended to mimic the rich cellular diversity of developing tissues, whether all such organoids are spatially organized in a manner akin to native organs (and thus, whether they fully qualify as organoids) remains to be fully resolved. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells > Tissue Renewal > Regeneration: Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Gene Expression > Transcriptional Hierarchies: Cellular Differentiation Early Embryonic Development: Gastrulation and Neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Fowler
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Developmental Biology, Bio-X, Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Institute, ChEM-H, Diabetes Research Center, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lay Teng Ang
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Developmental Biology, Bio-X, Cancer Institute, Cardiovascular Institute, ChEM-H, Diabetes Research Center, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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