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Chen S, Li Q, Shi H, Li F, Duan Y, Guo Q. New insights into the role of mitochondrial dynamics in oxidative stress-induced diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117084. [PMID: 39088967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative stress (OS), which can induce gene mutations, protein denaturation, and lipid peroxidation directly or indirectly. The expression is reduced ATP level in cells, increased cytoplasmic Ca2+, inflammation, and so on. Consequently, ROS are recognized as significant risk factors for human aging and various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are involved in the production of ROS through the respiratory chain. Abnormal mitochondrial characteristics, including mitochondrial OS, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy, play an important role in various tissues. However, previous excellent reviews focused on OS-induced diseases. In this review, we focus on the latest progress of OS-induced mitochondrial dynamics, discuss OS-induced mitochondrial damage-related diseases, and summarize the OS-induced mitochondrial dynamics-related signaling pathways. Additionally, it elaborates on potential therapeutic methods aimed at preventing oxidative stress from further exacerbating mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanjing Shi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro⁃Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Amdani S, Conway J, George K, Martinez HR, Asante-Korang A, Goldberg CS, Davies RR, Miyamoto SD, Hsu DT. Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Children and Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 150:e33-e50. [PMID: 38808502 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
With continued medical and surgical advancements, most children and adolescents with congenital heart disease are expected to survive to adulthood. Chronic heart failure is increasingly being recognized as a major contributor to ongoing morbidity and mortality in this population as it ages, and treatment strategies to prevent and treat heart failure in the pediatric population are needed. In addition to primary myocardial dysfunction, anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities specific to various congenital heart disease lesions contribute to the development of heart failure and affect potential strategies commonly used to treat adult patients with heart failure. This scientific statement highlights the significant knowledge gaps in understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, staging, and outcomes of chronic heart failure in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease not amenable to catheter-based or surgical interventions. Efforts to harmonize the definitions, staging, follow-up, and approach to heart failure in children with congenital heart disease are critical to enable the conduct of rigorous scientific studies to advance our understanding of the actual burden of heart failure in this population and to allow the development of evidence-based heart failure therapies that can improve outcomes for this high-risk cohort.
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Ruan X, Li Z, Zhong T, Lei R, Luo M, Sun M, Qin J. Association of Maternal Dietary Habits and Infant MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms with Ventricular Septal Defect in Offspring: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2005. [PMID: 38999753 PMCID: PMC11243286 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association of maternal diet, infant MTHFR gene polymorphisms, and their interactions with the risk of ventricular septal defects (VSDs). This case-control study recruited 448 mothers of VSD children and 620 mothers of healthy counterparts. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between maternal dietary habits during the first trimester of gestation, MTHFR gene polymorphisms, and VSD. Gene-environment interaction effects were analyzed through logistic regression models, with false discovery rate p-value (FDR_p) < 0.05. Maternal excessive intake of fermented bean curd (OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.59-2.52), corned foods (OR = 2.23, 1.76-2.84), fumatory foods (OR = 1.75, 1.37-2.23), grilled foods (OR = 1.34, 1.04-1.72), and fried foods (OR = 1.80, 1.42-2.27) was associated with an increased risk of VSD. Regular intake of fish and shrimp (OR = 0.42, 0.33-0.53), fresh eggs (OR = 0.58, 0.44-0.75), soy products (OR = 0.69, 0.56-0.85), and dairy products (OR = 0.71, 0.59-0.85) was found to reduce the occurrence of VSD. Moreover, MTHFR gene polymorphisms at rs2066470 (homozygous: OR = 4.28, 1.68-10.90), rs1801133 (homozygous: OR = 2.28, 1.39-3.74), and rs1801131 (heterozygous: OR = 1.75, 1.24-2.47; homozygous: OR = 3.45, 1.50-7.95) elevated offspring susceptibility to VSDs. Furthermore, significant interactions of MTHFR polymorphisms with maternal dietary habits were observed, encompassing corned foods, fermented bean curd, fried foods, and grilled foods. Maternal dietary habits; MTHFR polymorphisms at rs2066470, rs1801131, and rs1801133; and their interactions were significantly associated with the occurrence of VSDs in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (X.R.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Du L, Jiang Z, Guo Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Yin X, Guo X. TUDCA alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting AIM2 inflammasome and enhancing cholesterol efflux capacity in macrophage. iScience 2024; 27:109849. [PMID: 38784008 PMCID: PMC11112614 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) dysfunction in macrophages is important in atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism underlying CEC dysfunction remains unclear. We described the characteristics of ATF4 and inflammasome activation in macrophages during atherosclerosis through scRNA sequencing analysis. Then model of hyperlipemia was established in ApoE-/- mice; some were treated with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). TUDCA decreased the ATF4, Hspa, and inflammasome activation, reduced plaque area of the artery, and promoted CEC in macrophages. Furthermore, TUDCA abolished oxLDL-induced foam cell formation by inhibiting activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 and AIM2 inflammasome in macrophages. Further assays revealed ATF4 binding to AIM2 promoter, promoting its transcriptional activity significantly. Then we discovered that ATF4 affected AIM2-mediated foam cell formation by targeting ABCA1, which could be blocked by TUDCA. Our study demonstrated that TUDCA alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting AIM2 inflammasome and enhancing CEC of macrophage, which provided possibilities for the development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengchen Jiang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yijiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Findley TO, Palei AC, Cho KS, Zhao Z, Shi C, Mahajan G, Corno AF, Salazar J, McCullough L. Sex differences in metabolic adaptation in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03291-4. [PMID: 38839995 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) face significantly higher postoperative mortality rates after adjusting for cardiac complexity. Sex differences in metabolic adaptation to cardiac stressors may be an early contributor to cardiac dysfunction. In adult diseases, hypoxic/ischemic cardiomyocytes undergo a cardioprotective metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis which appears to be regulated in a sexually dimorphic manner. We hypothesize sex differences in cardiac metabolism are present in cyanotic CHD and detectable as early as the infant period. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on blood samples (cyanotic CHD cases, n = 11; controls, n = 11) and analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Global plasma metabolite profiling (UPLC-MS/MS) was performed using a larger representative cohort (cyanotic CHD, n = 27; non-cyanotic CHD, n = 11; unaffected controls, n = 12). RESULTS Hallmark gene sets in glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in cyanotic CHD females compared to male counterparts, which was consistent with metabolomic differences between sexes. Minimal sex differences in metabolic pathways were observed in normoxic patients (both controls and non-cyanotic CHD cases). CONCLUSION These observations suggest underlying differences in metabolic adaptation to chronic hypoxia between males and females with cyanotic CHD. IMPACT Children with cyanotic CHD exhibit sex differences in utilization of glycolysis vs. fatty acid oxidation pathways to meet the high-energy demands of the heart in the neonatal period. Transcriptomic and metabolomic results suggest that under hypoxic conditions, males and females undergo metabolic shifts that are sexually dimorphic. These sex differences were not observed in neonates in normoxic conditions (i.e., non-cyanotic CHD and unaffected controls). The involved metabolic pathways are similar to those observed in advanced heart failure, suggesting metabolic adaptations beginning in the neonatal period may contribute to sex differences in infant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina O Findley
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ana Carolina Palei
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kyung Serk Cho
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caleb Shi
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gouri Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Biobank, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Jorge Salazar
- Children's Heart Institute, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Singh J, Jangra A, Kumar D. Recent advances in toxicological research of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate: Focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141922. [PMID: 38593956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the most significant phthalate in production, usage, and environmental occurrence. DEHP is found in products such as personal care products, furniture materials, cosmetics, and medical devices. DEHP is noncovalently bind with plastic therefore, repeated uses lead to leaching out of it. Exposure to DEHP plasticizers leads to toxicity in essential organs of the body through various mechanisms. The main objective of this review article is to focus on the DEHP-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway implicated in the testis, brain, lungs, kidney, heart, liver, and other organs. Not only ER stress, PPAR-related pathways, oxidative stress and inflammation, Ca2+ homeostasis disturbances in mitochondria are also identified as the relative mechanisms. ER is involved in various critical functions of the cell such as Protein synthesis, protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid peroxidation but, DEHP exposure leads to augmentation of misfolded/unfolded protein. This review complies with various recently reported DEHP-induced toxicity studies and some pharmacological interventions that have been shown to be effective through ER stress pathway. DEHP exposure does assess health risks and vulnerability to populations across the globe. This study offers possible targets and approaches for addressing various DEHP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiten Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
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Beutner G, Burris JR, Collins MP, Kulkarni CA, Nadtochiy SM, de Mesy Bentley KL, Cohen ED, Brookes PS, Porter GA. Coordinated metabolic responses to cyclophilin D deletion in the developing heart. iScience 2024; 27:109157. [PMID: 38414851 PMCID: PMC10897919 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In the embryonic heart, the activation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) coincides with the closure of the cyclophilin D (CypD) regulated mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). However, it remains to be established whether the absence of CypD has a regulatory effect on mitochondria during cardiac development. Using a variety of assays to analyze cardiac tissue from wildtype and CypD knockout mice from embryonic day (E)9.5 to adult, we found that mitochondrial structure, function, and metabolism show distinct transitions. Deletion of CypD altered the timing of these transitions as the mPTP was closed at all ages, leading to coupled ETC activity in the early embryo, decreased citrate synthase activity, and an altered metabolome particularly after birth. Our results suggest that manipulating CypD activity may control myocyte proliferation and differentiation and could be a tool to increase ATP production and cardiac function in immature hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Beutner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jonathan Ryan Burris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael P. Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chaitanya A. Kulkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sergiy M. Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Karen L. de Mesy Bentley
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Electron Microscope Resource, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ethan D. Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Paul S. Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - George A. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Departments of Medicine (Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute) and Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Schraps N, Tirre M, Pyschny S, Reis A, Schlierbach H, Seidl M, Kehl HG, Schänzer A, Heger J, Jux C, Drenckhahn JD. Cardiomyocyte maturation alters molecular stress response capacities and determines cell survival upon mitochondrial dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:248-265. [PMID: 38266827 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte maturation during pre- and postnatal development requires multiple intertwined processes, including a switch in energy generation from glucose utilization in the embryonic heart towards fatty acid oxidation after birth. This is accompanied by a boost in mitochondrial mass to increase capacities for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation required for efficient contraction. Whether cardiomyocyte differentiation is paralleled by augmented capacities to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS), physiological byproducts of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), is less clear. Here we show that expression of genes and proteins involved in redox homeostasis and protein quality control within mitochondria increases after birth in the mouse and human heart. Using primary embryonic, neonatal and adult mouse cardiomyocytes in vitro we investigated how excessive ROS production induced by mitochondrial dysfunction affects cell survival and stress response at different stages of maturation. Embryonic and neonatal cardiomyocytes largely tolerate inhibition of ETC complex III by antimycin A (AMA) as well as ATP synthase (complex V) by oligomycin but are susceptible to complex I inhibition by rotenone. All three inhibitors alter the intracellular distribution and ultrastructure of mitochondria in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In contrast, adult cardiomyocytes treated with AMA undergo rapid morphological changes and cellular disintegration. At the molecular level embryonic cardiomyocytes activate antioxidative defense mechanisms, the integrated stress response (ISR) and ER stress but not the mitochondrial unfolded protein response upon complex III inhibition. In contrast, adult cardiomyocytes fail to activate the ISR and antioxidative proteins following AMA treatment. In conclusion, our results identified fundamental differences in cell survival and stress response in differentiated compared to immature cardiomyocytes subjected to mitochondrial dysfunction. The high stress tolerance of immature cardiomyocytes might allow outlasting unfavorable intrauterine conditions thereby preventing fetal or perinatal heart disease and may contribute to the regenerative capacity of the embryonic and neonatal mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schraps
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Michaela Tirre
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Pyschny
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Reis
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Seidl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Gerd Kehl
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Heger
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christian Jux
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg-Detlef Drenckhahn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Xie Q, Liu H, Wen S, Wang X, Bing W, Ji W, Zhao B, Ozaki Y, Song W. SERS Tracking Oxidative Stress on a Metalloporphyrin Framework by Vitamin C. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15333-15341. [PMID: 37793058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate control of charge transfer is crucial to investigate the catalytic reaction mechanism of the biological oxidation process that biomedicine participates in. Herein, we have established an assembly model of metalloporphyrin framework (MPF) nanosheets as the active centers of biological enzymes. The introduction of Vitamin C (VC) into the MPF system can precisely modulate its content of charges. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity and peroxidase-like catalytic performance are enhanced simultaneously for the first time by manipulating the optimal molar ratio of an MPF to VC and the reaction sequence with target model molecules. We have confirmed that the formation of the intermediate of Fe(2+)-OOH species is specifically enhanced after VC modulation, which indicates that VC can regulate the oxidative stress of the active center of biological enzymes. This discovery not only accurately resolves the mechanism of VC-selective anticancer therapy but also has important significance for the precise treatment of VC synergistic targeting medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Construction Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Changqing University Science Park, Jinan 250357, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bing
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Biological and Environmatal Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1-Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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10
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Theisen B, Holtz A, Rajagopalan V. Noncoding RNAs and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Cardiac Arrhythmic Brugada Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:2398. [PMID: 37830612 PMCID: PMC10571919 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of thousands of people die each year as a result of sudden cardiac death, and many are due to heart rhythm disorders. One of the major causes of these arrhythmic events is Brugada syndrome, a cardiac channelopathy that results in abnormal cardiac conduction, severe life-threatening arrhythmias, and, on many occasions, death. This disorder has been associated with mutations and dysfunction of about two dozen genes; however, the majority of the patients do not have a definite cause for the diagnosis of Brugada Syndrome. The protein-coding genes represent only a very small fraction of the mammalian genome, and the majority of the noncoding regions of the genome are actively transcribed. Studies have shown that most of the loci associated with electrophysiological traits are located in noncoding regulatory regions and are expected to affect gene expression dosage and cardiac ion channel function. Noncoding RNAs serve an expanding number of regulatory and other functional roles within the cells, including but not limited to transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. The major noncoding RNAs found in Brugada Syndrome include microRNAs; however, others such as long noncoding RNAs are also identified. They contribute to pathogenesis by interacting with ion channels and/or are detectable as clinical biomarkers. Stem cells have received significant attention in the recent past, and can be differentiated into many different cell types including those in the heart. In addition to contractile and relaxational properties, BrS-relevant electrophysiological phenotypes are also demonstrated in cardiomyocytes differentiated from stem cells induced from adult human cells. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of noncoding regions of the genome and their RNA biology in Brugada Syndrome. We also delve into the role of stem cells, especially human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac differentiated cells, in the investigation of Brugada syndrome in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Theisen
- Department of Biomedical and Anatomical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Austin Holtz
- Department of Biomedical and Anatomical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Viswanathan Rajagopalan
- Department of Biomedical and Anatomical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
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11
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Parchem JG, Fan H, Mann LK, Chen Q, Won JH, Gross SS, Zhao Z, Taegtmeyer H, Papanna R. Fetal metabolic adaptations to cardiovascular stress in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. iScience 2023; 26:107424. [PMID: 37575192 PMCID: PMC10415929 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies are susceptible to unique complications arising from a single placenta shared by two fetuses. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a constellation of disturbances caused by unequal blood flow within the shared placenta giving rise to a major hemodynamic imbalance between the twins. Here, we applied TTTS as a model to uncover fetal metabolic adaptations to cardiovascular stress. We compared untargeted metabolomic analyses of amniotic fluid samples from severe TTTS cases vs. singleton controls. Amniotic fluid metabolites demonstrated alterations in fatty acid, glucose, and steroid hormone metabolism in TTTS. Among TTTS cases, unsupervised principal component analysis revealed two distinct clusters of disease defined by levels of glucose metabolites, amino acids, urea, and redox status. Our results suggest that the human fetal heart can adapt to hemodynamic stress by modulating its glucose metabolism and identify potential differences in the ability of individual fetuses to respond to cardiovascular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline G. Parchem
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huihui Fan
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lovepreet K. Mann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- The Fetal Center at Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jong H. Won
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramesha Papanna
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- The Fetal Center at Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Ogi DA, Jin S. Transcriptome-Powered Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation for Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:1442. [PMID: 37408278 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are endless sources for in vitro engineering human tissues for regenerative medicine. Extensive studies have demonstrated that transcription factors are the key to stem cell lineage commitment and differentiation efficacy. As the transcription factor profile varies depending on the cell type, global transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing (RNAseq) has been a powerful tool for measuring and characterizing the success of stem cell differentiation. RNAseq has been utilized to comprehend how gene expression changes as cells differentiate and provide a guide to inducing cellular differentiation based on promoting the expression of specific genes. It has also been utilized to determine the specific cell type. This review highlights RNAseq techniques, tools for RNAseq data interpretation, RNAseq data analytic methods and their utilities, and transcriptomics-enabled human stem cell differentiation. In addition, the review outlines the potential benefits of the transcriptomics-aided discovery of intrinsic factors influencing stem cell lineage commitment, transcriptomics applied to disease physiology studies using patients' induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells for regenerative medicine, and the future outlook on the technology and its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Ogi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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13
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Parker LE, Kurzlechner LM, Landstrom AP. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Modeling of Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:295-305. [PMID: 36930454 PMCID: PMC10726018 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital heart disease includes a wide variety of structural cardiac defects, the most severe of which are single ventricle defects (SVD). These patients suffer from significant morbidity and mortality; however, our understanding of the developmental etiology of these conditions is limited. Model organisms offer a window into normal and abnormal cardiogenesis yet often fail to recapitulate complex congenital heart defects seen in patients. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with single-ventricle defects opens the door to studying SVD in patient-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in a variety of different contexts, including organoids and chamber-specific cardiomyocytes. As the genetic and cellular causes of SVD are not well defined, patient-derived iPSC-CMs hold promise for uncovering mechanisms of disease development and serve as a platform for testing therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in iPSC-based models of SVD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in patient-derived iPSC-CM differentiation, as well as the development of both chamber-specific and non-myocyte cardiac cell types, make it possible to model the complex genetic and molecular architecture involved in SVD development. Moreover, iPSC models have become increasingly complex with the generation of 3D organoids and engineered cardiac tissues which open the door to new mechanistic insight into SVD development. Finally, iPSC-CMs have been used in proof-of-concept studies that the molecular underpinnings of SVD may be targetable for future therapies. While each platform has its advantages and disadvantages, the use of patient-derived iPSC-CMs offers a window into patient-specific cardiogenesis and SVD development. Advancement in stem-cell based modeling of SVD promises to revolutionize our understanding of the developmental etiology of SVD and provides a tool for developing and testing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leonie M Kurzlechner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2652, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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14
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Garcia AM, Toni LS, Miyano CA, Sparagna GC, Jonscher R, Phillips EK, Karimpour-Fard A, Chapman HL, Baybayon-Grandgeorge AN, Pietra AE, Selner E, Chatfield KC, Stauffer BL, Sucharov CC, Miyamoto SD. Cardiac Transcriptome Remodeling and Impaired Bioenergetics in Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:258-279. [PMID: 37034285 PMCID: PMC10077120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for heart failure in single-ventricle congenital heart disease are unknown. Using explanted heart tissue, we showed that failing single-ventricle hearts have dysregulated metabolic pathways, impaired mitochondrial function, decreased activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity, and altered functioning of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Interestingly, nonfailing single-ventricle hearts demonstrated an intermediate metabolic phenotype suggesting that they are vulnerable to development of heart failure in the future. Mitochondrial targeted therapies and treatments aimed at normalizing energy generation could represent a novel approach to the treatment or prevention of heart failure in this vulnerable group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastacia M. Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee S. Toni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carissa A. Miyano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve C. Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Raleigh Jonscher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elisabeth K. Phillips
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hailey L. Chapman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Ashley E. Pietra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emma Selner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathryn C. Chatfield
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian L. Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Carmen C. Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shelley D. Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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15
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Yagi H, Lo CW. Left-Sided Heart Defects and Laterality Disturbance in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10030099. [PMID: 36975863 PMCID: PMC10054755 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex congenital heart disease characterized by hypoplasia of left-sided heart structures. The developmental basis for restriction of defects to the left side of the heart in HLHS remains unexplained. The observed clinical co-occurrence of rare organ situs defects such as biliary atresia, gut malrotation, or heterotaxy with HLHS would suggest possible laterality disturbance. Consistent with this, pathogenic variants in genes regulating left-right patterning have been observed in HLHS patients. Additionally, Ohia HLHS mutant mice show splenic defects, a phenotype associated with heterotaxy, and HLHS in Ohia mice arises in part from mutation in Sap130, a component of the Sin3A chromatin complex known to regulate Lefty1 and Snai1, genes essential for left-right patterning. Together, these findings point to laterality disturbance mediating the left-sided heart defects associated with HLHS. As laterality disturbance is also observed for other CHD, this suggests that heart development integration with left-right patterning may help to establish the left-right asymmetry of the cardiovascular system essential for efficient blood oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Yagi
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
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16
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Wu X, Wei J, Yi Y, Gong Q, Gao J. Activation of Nrf2 signaling: A key molecular mechanism of protection against cardiovascular diseases by natural products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057918. [PMID: 36569290 PMCID: PMC9772885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of cardiac and vascular disorders including myocardial ischemia, congenital heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. Despite considerable progress in prophylaxis and treatment options, CVDs remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and impose an extremely high socioeconomic burden. Oxidative stress (OS) caused by disequilibrium in the generation of reactive oxygen species plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of CVDs. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor of endogenous antioxidant defense systems against OS, is considered an ideal therapeutic target for management of CVDs. Increasingly, natural products have emerged as a potential source of Nrf2 activators with cardioprotective properties and may therefore provide a novel therapeutic tool for CVD. Here, we present an updated comprehensive summary of naturally occurring products with cardioprotective properties that exert their effects by suppression of OS through activation of Nrf2 signaling, with the aim of providing useful insights for the development of therapeutic strategies exploiting natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,*Correspondence: Jianmei Gao,
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17
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Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser: a comprehensive review on botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Chin Med 2022; 17:136. [PMID: 36482376 PMCID: PMC9730624 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser (T. chinensis), known as "Sangjisheng" in Chinese, is a member of the family Loranthaceae, with the traditional functions of "dispelling wind dampness, strengthening bones and muscles, and preventing miscarriage". Since Eastern Han dynasty, it has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, arthralgia, threatened abortion, and hypertension. Nowadays, T. chinensis is included in the 2020 Edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as Taxilli Herba. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research on T. chinensis in recent years, and make critical comments, so as to provide reference for the clinical application and modern research of T. chinensis. MAIN BODY In this review, we summarize the botany, traditional uses, and research advances in the phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of T. chinensis. Its toxicity has also been discussed. The published literature on current pharmacological and toxicological data has also been assessed. To date, approximately 110 compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, glycosides, amino acids, and nucleosides, have been identified in T. chinensis. Flavonoids are considered the most vital bioactive ingredients in T. chinensis. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that T. chinensis possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, diuretic, antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, and other properties. CONCLUSION Currently, research on T. chinensis is in the preliminary stages, and further research is required to understand the active compounds present and mechanisms of action. We hope that this comprehensive review of T. chinensis will serve as a background for further research.
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18
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Mitochondrial health quality control: measurements and interpretation in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2022; 13:177-193. [PMID: 35578648 PMCID: PMC9096339 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the “gatekeeper” in a wide range of cellular functions, signaling events, cell homeostasis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Consequently, mitochondrial injury is linked to systemic effects compromising multi-organ functionality. Although mitochondrial stress is common for many pathomechanisms, individual outcomes differ significantly comprising a spectrum of associated pathologies and their severity grade. Consequently, a highly ambitious task in the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) is to distinguish between individual disease predisposition and progression under circumstances, resulting in compromised mitochondrial health followed by mitigating measures tailored to the individualized patient profile. For the successful implementation of PPPM concepts, robust parameters are essential to quantify mitochondrial health sustainability. The current article analyses added value of Mitochondrial Health Index (MHI) and Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) as potential systems to quantify mitochondrial health relevant for the disease development and its severity grade. Based on the pathomechanisms related to the compromised mitochondrial health and in the context of primary, secondary, and tertiary care, a broad spectrum of conditions can significantly benefit from robust quantification systems using MHI/BHI as a prototype to be further improved. Following health conditions can benefit from that: planned pregnancies (improved outcomes for mother and offspring health), suboptimal health conditions with reversible health damage, suboptimal life-style patterns and metabolic syndrome(s) predisposition, multi-factorial stress conditions, genotoxic environment, ischemic stroke of unclear aetiology, phenotypic predisposition to aggressive cancer subtypes, pathologies associated with premature aging and neuro/degeneration, acute infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pandemics, among others.
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19
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Tripathi D, Reddy S. iPSC model of congenital heart disease predicts disease outcome. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:659-660. [PMID: 35523134 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Xu et al. demonstrate that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction and can be used for disease modeling. In addition, they show the potential to predict future heart failure and develop therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Tripathi
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sushma Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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20
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Karunakaran KB, Gabriel GC, Balakrishnan N, Lo CW, Ganapathiraju MK. Novel Protein-Protein Interactions Highlighting the Crosstalk between Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Ciliopathies and Neurodevelopmental Delays. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040627. [PMID: 35456433 PMCID: PMC9032108 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital heart disease (CHD) affecting 1 in 5000 newborns. We constructed the interactome of 74 HLHS-associated genes identified from a large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen, augmenting it with 408 novel protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using our High-Precision Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction (HiPPIP) model. The interactome is available on a webserver with advanced search capabilities. A total of 364 genes including 73 novel interactors were differentially regulated in tissue/iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes of HLHS patients. Novel PPIs facilitated the identification of TOR signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress modules. We found that 60.5% of the interactome consisted of housekeeping genes that may harbor large-effect mutations and drive HLHS etiology but show limited transmission. Network proximity of diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and liver carcinoma-associated genes to HLHS genes suggested a mechanistic basis for their comorbidity with HLHS. Interactome genes showed tissue-specificity for sites of extracardiac anomalies (placenta, liver and brain). The HLHS interactome shared significant overlaps with the interactomes of ciliopathy- and microcephaly-associated genes, with the shared genes enriched for genes involved in intellectual disability and/or developmental delay, and neuronal death pathways, respectively. This supported the increased burden of ciliopathy variants and prevalence of neurological abnormalities observed among HLHS patients with developmental delay and microcephaly, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani B. Karunakaran
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (K.B.K.); (N.B.)
| | - George C. Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; (G.C.G.); (C.W.L.)
| | - Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (K.B.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; (G.C.G.); (C.W.L.)
| | - Madhavi K. Ganapathiraju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- Intelligent Systems Program, School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Correspondence:
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