1
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Groen E, Mummery CL, Yiangou L, Davis RP. Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1045-1059. [PMID: 38778769 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Groen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Zheng J, Fang J, Xu D, Liu H, Wei X, Qin C, Xue J, Gao Z, Hu N. Micronano Synergetic Three-Dimensional Bioelectronics: A Revolutionary Breakthrough Platform for Cardiac Electrophysiology. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15332-15357. [PMID: 38837178 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and therefore pose a significant threat to human health. Cardiac electrophysiology plays a crucial role in the investigation and treatment of CVDs, including arrhythmia. The long-term and accurate detection of electrophysiological activity in cardiomyocytes is essential for advancing cardiology and pharmacology. Regarding the electrophysiological study of cardiac cells, many micronano bioelectric devices and systems have been developed. Such bioelectronic devices possess unique geometric structures of electrodes that enhance quality of electrophysiological signal recording. Though planar multielectrode/multitransistors are widely used for simultaneous multichannel measurement of cell electrophysiological signals, their use for extracellular electrophysiological recording exhibits low signal strength and quality. However, the integration of three-dimensional (3D) multielectrode/multitransistor arrays that use advanced penetration strategies can achieve high-quality intracellular signal recording. This review provides an overview of the manufacturing, geometric structure, and penetration paradigms of 3D micronano devices, as well as their applications for precise drug screening and biomimetic disease modeling. Furthermore, this review also summarizes the current challenges and outlines future directions for the preparation and application of micronano bioelectronic devices, with an aim to promote the development of intracellular electrophysiological platforms and thereby meet the demands of emerging clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxin Xu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jiajin Xue
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhigang Gao
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
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3
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Cadavid JL, Li NT, McGuigan AP. Bridging systems biology and tissue engineering: Unleashing the full potential of complex 3D in vitro tissue models of disease. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:021301. [PMID: 38617201 PMCID: PMC11008916 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Rapid advances in tissue engineering have resulted in more complex and physiologically relevant 3D in vitro tissue models with applications in fundamental biology and therapeutic development. However, the complexity provided by these models is often not leveraged fully due to the reductionist methods used to analyze them. Computational and mathematical models developed in the field of systems biology can address this issue. Yet, traditional systems biology has been mostly applied to simpler in vitro models with little physiological relevance and limited cellular complexity. Therefore, integrating these two inherently interdisciplinary fields can result in new insights and move both disciplines forward. In this review, we provide a systematic overview of how systems biology has been integrated with 3D in vitro tissue models and discuss key application areas where the synergies between both fields have led to important advances with potential translational impact. We then outline key directions for future research and discuss a framework for further integration between fields.
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4
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Gokhan I, Blum TS, Campbell SG. Engineered heart tissue: Design considerations and the state of the art. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:021308. [PMID: 38912258 PMCID: PMC11192576 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Originally developed more than 20 years ago, engineered heart tissue (EHT) has become an important tool in cardiovascular research for applications such as disease modeling and drug screening. Innovations in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and bioengineering, among other fields, have enabled EHT technologies to recapitulate many aspects of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. While initial EHT designs were inspired by the isolated-trabecula culture system, current designs encompass a variety of formats, each of which have unique strengths and limitations. In this review, we describe the most common EHT formats, and then systematically evaluate each aspect of their design, emphasizing the rational selection of components for each application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas S. Blum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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5
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McClain AK, Monteleone PP, Zoldan J. Sex in cardiovascular disease: Why this biological variable should be considered in in vitro models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3510. [PMID: 38728407 PMCID: PMC11086622 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the world's leading cause of death, exhibits notable epidemiological, clinical, and pathophysiological differences between sexes. Many such differences can be linked back to cardiovascular sexual dimorphism, yet sex-specific in vitro models are still not the norm. A lack of sex reporting and apparent male bias raises the question of whether in vitro CVD models faithfully recapitulate the biology of intended treatment recipients. To ensure equitable treatment for the overlooked female patient population, sex as a biological variable (SABV) inclusion must become commonplace in CVD preclinical research. Here, we discuss the role of sex in CVD and underlying cardiovascular (patho)physiology. We review shortcomings in current SABV practices, describe the relevance of sex, and highlight emerging strategies for SABV inclusion in three major in vitro model types: primary cell, stem cell, and three-dimensional models. Last, we identify key barriers to inclusive design and suggest techniques for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. McClain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78751, USA
| | - Peter P. Monteleone
- Ascension Texas Cardiovascular, Austin, TX 78705, USA
- Dell School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Janet Zoldan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78751, USA
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6
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Chandy M, Hill T, Jimenez-Tellez N, Wu JC, Sarles SE, Hensel E, Wang Q, Rahman I, Conklin DJ. Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: "What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?" and "Do We Have Them?". Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:435-471. [PMID: 38555547 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions, and heart failure. However, after more than a decade of ENDS presence in the U.S. marketplace, uncertainty persists regarding the long-term health consequences of ENDS use for CVD. New approach methods (NAMs) in the field of toxicology are being developed to enhance rapid prediction of human health hazards. Recent technical advances can now consider impact of biological factors such as sex and race/ethnicity, permitting application of NAMs findings to health equity and environmental justice issues. This has been the case for hazard assessments of drugs and environmental chemicals in areas such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and developmental toxicity. Despite these advances, a shortage of widely accepted methodologies to predict the impact of ENDS use on human health slows the application of regulatory oversight and the protection of public health. Minimizing the time between the emergence of risk (e.g., ENDS use) and the administration of well-founded regulatory policy requires thoughtful consideration of the currently available sources of data, their applicability to the prediction of health outcomes, and whether these available data streams are enough to support an actionable decision. This challenge forms the basis of this white paper on how best to reveal potential toxicities of ENDS use in the human cardiovascular system-a primary target of conventional tobacco smoking. We identify current approaches used to evaluate the impacts of tobacco on cardiovascular health, in particular emerging techniques that replace, reduce, and refine slower and more costly animal models with NAMs platforms that can be applied to tobacco regulatory science. The limitations of these emerging platforms are addressed, and systems biology approaches to close the knowledge gap between traditional models and NAMs are proposed. It is hoped that these suggestions and their adoption within the greater scientific community will result in fresh data streams that will support and enhance the scientific evaluation and subsequent decision-making of tobacco regulatory agencies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Thomas Hill
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - S Emma Sarles
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Edward Hensel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston St., Delia Baxter, Rm. 404E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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7
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Zeltner N, Wu HF, Saito-Diaz K, Sun X, Song M, Saini T, Grant C, James C, Thomas K, Abate Y, Howerth E, Kner P, Xu B. A modular platform to generate functional sympathetic neuron-innervated heart assembloids. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3894397. [PMID: 38562819 PMCID: PMC10984094 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3894397/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The technology of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based 3D organoid/assembloid cultures has become a powerful tool for the study of human embryonic development, disease modeling and drug discovery in recent years. The autonomic sympathetic nervous system innervates and regulates almost all organs in the body, including the heart. Yet, most reported organoids to date are not innervated, thus lacking proper neural regulation, and hindering reciprocal tissue maturation. Here, we developed a simple and versatile sympathetic neuron (symN)-innervated cardiac assembloid without the need for bioengineering. Our human sympathetic cardiac assembloids (hSCAs) showed mature muscle structures, atrial to ventricular patterning, and spontaneous beating. hSCA-innervating symNs displayed neurotransmitter synthesis and functional regulation of the cardiac beating rate, which could be manipulated pharmacologically or optogenetically. We modeled symN-mediated cardiac development and myocardial infarction. This hSCAs provides a tool for future neurocardiotoxicity screening approaches and is highly versatile and modular, where the types of neuron (symN or parasympathetic or sensory neuron) and organoid (heart, lung, kidney) to be innervated may be interchanged.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kostina
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA
| | - Brett Volmert
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA
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9
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Raniga K, Nasir A, Vo NTN, Vaidyanathan R, Dickerson S, Hilcove S, Mosqueira D, Mirams GR, Clements P, Hicks R, Pointon A, Stebbeds W, Francis J, Denning C. Strengthening cardiac therapy pipelines using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:292-311. [PMID: 38366587 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Advances in hiPSC isolation and reprogramming and hPSC-CM differentiation have prompted their therapeutic application and utilization for evaluating potential cardiovascular safety liabilities. In this perspective, we showcase key efforts toward the large-scale production of hiPSC-CMs, implementation of hiPSC-CMs in industry settings, and recent clinical applications of this technology. The key observations are a need for traceable gender and ethnically diverse hiPSC lines, approaches to reduce cost of scale-up, accessible clinical trial datasets, and transparent guidelines surrounding the safety and efficacy of hiPSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raniga
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Aishah Nasir
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Diogo Mosqueira
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter Clements
- Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | | | - Jo Francis
- Mechanstic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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10
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Caudal A, Snyder MP, Wu JC. Harnessing human genetics and stem cells for precision cardiovascular medicine. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100445. [PMID: 38359791 PMCID: PMC10879032 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) platforms are valuable for biomedical and pharmaceutical research by providing tissue-specific human cells that retain patients' genetic integrity and display disease phenotypes in a dish. Looking forward, combining iPSC phenotyping platforms with genomic and screening technologies will continue to pave new directions for precision medicine, including genetic prediction, visualization, and treatment of heart disease. This review summarizes the recent use of iPSC technology to unpack the influence of genetic variants in cardiovascular pathology. We focus on various state-of-the-art genomic tools for cardiovascular therapies-including the expansion of genetic toolkits for molecular interrogation, in vitro population studies, and function-based drug screening-and their current applications in patient- and genome-edited iPSC platforms that are heralding new avenues for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Caudal
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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11
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Yang Y, Yang H, Kiskin FN, Zhang JZ. The new era of cardiovascular research: revolutionizing cardiovascular research with 3D models in a dish. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:68-85. [PMID: 38515776 PMCID: PMC10954298 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models. However, patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases, as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable. Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms, although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression. In recent years, a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment. This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research, allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models. In this review, we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models. We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety. Despite their immense potential, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs. However, overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research. It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes, ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fedir N. Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Roland TJ, Song K. Advances in the Generation of Constructed Cardiac Tissue Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Discovery. Cells 2024; 13:250. [PMID: 38334642 PMCID: PMC10854966 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human heart lacks significant regenerative capacity; thus, the solution to heart failure (HF) remains organ donation, requiring surgery and immunosuppression. The demand for constructed cardiac tissues (CCTs) to model and treat disease continues to grow. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) manipulation, CRISPR gene editing, and 3D tissue culture have enabled a boom in iPSC-derived CCTs (iPSC-CCTs) with diverse cell types and architecture. Compared with 2D-cultured cells, iPSC-CCTs better recapitulate heart biology, demonstrating the potential to advance organ modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine, though iPSC-CCTs could benefit from better methods to faithfully mimic heart physiology and electrophysiology. Here, we summarize advances in iPSC-CCTs and future developments in the vascularization, immunization, and maturation of iPSC-CCTs for study and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truman J. Roland
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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13
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Lee SG, Kim J, Seok J, Kim MW, Rhee J, Song GE, Park S, Lee S, Jeong Y, Chung HM, Kim CY. Development of heart organoid cryopreservation method through Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles based nanowarming system. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300311. [PMID: 37953523 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Beyond single cell two-dimensional (2D) culture, research on organoids that can mimic human organs is rapidly developing. However, there are still problems in commercialization and joint research using organoids due to the lack of technology to safely store organoids. Since organoids are 3D complex structures with a certain size (0.1-5 mm) beyond the size of cells, the conventional cell-level cryopreservation method using cryoprotectant (CPA) cannot overcome the damage caused by volume change due to osmotic pressure difference and ice nucleation. Herein, we attempted to solve such limitations by applying a nanowarming system using CPA with high cell permeability and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles. By performing beat rate measurement, histological analysis, contractility analysis, and multi-electrode array, it was verified that the developed method could significantly improve functional recovery and survival of heart organoids after freezing and thawing. In this study, we demonstrated a successful organoid cryopreservation method based on a Fe3 O4 nanowarming system. The developed technology will provide clues to the field of tissue cryopreservation and spur the application of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooeon Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Eun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhye Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suemin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngin Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Miraecell Bio Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Lucena-Cacace A, Tian Y, Yoshida Y. Generation of 3D-Multicellular Human iPSC-Heart Organoids for the Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Fibrosis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:35-48. [PMID: 38676883 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The lack of a precise noninvasive, clinical evaluation method for cardiac fibrosis hinders the development of successful treatments that can effectively work in physiological settings, where tissues and organs are interconnected and moderating drug responses. To address this challenge and advance personalized medicine, researchers have turned to human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which can be differentiated to resemble the human heart in terms of structure, function and cellular composition. In this chapter, we present an assay protocol that uses these iPS cells to generate heart organoids for the in vitro evaluation of cardiac fibrosis. By establishing this biological platform, we pave the way for conducting phenotype evaluation and treatment screening in a multiscale approach, aiming to discover effective interventions for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Tian
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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15
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Zhang H, Wu JC. Deciphering Congenital Heart Disease Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:239-252. [PMID: 38884715 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of birth defect-related death. Despite significant advances, the mechanisms underlying the development of CHD are complex and remain elusive due to a lack of efficient, reproducible, and translational model systems. Investigations relied on animal models have inherent limitations due to interspecies differences. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an effective platform for disease modeling. iPSCs allow for the production of a limitless supply of patient-specific somatic cells that enable advancement in cardiovascular precision medicine. Over the past decade, researchers have developed protocols to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cardiovascular lineages, as well as to enhance the maturity and functionality of these cells. With the development of physiologic three-dimensional cardiac organoids, iPSCs represent a powerful platform to mechanistically dissect CHD and serve as a foundation for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Schmidt C, Deyett A, Ilmer T, Haendeler S, Torres Caballero A, Novatchkova M, Netzer MA, Ceci Ginistrelli L, Mancheno Juncosa E, Bhattacharya T, Mujadzic A, Pimpale L, Jahnel SM, Cirigliano M, Reumann D, Tavernini K, Papai N, Hering S, Hofbauer P, Mendjan S. Multi-chamber cardioids unravel human heart development and cardiac defects. Cell 2023; 186:5587-5605.e27. [PMID: 38029745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The number one cause of human fetal death are defects in heart development. Because the human embryonic heart is inaccessible and the impacts of mutations, drugs, and environmental factors on the specialized functions of different heart compartments are not captured by in vitro models, determining the underlying causes is difficult. Here, we established a human cardioid platform that recapitulates the development of all major embryonic heart compartments, including right and left ventricles, atria, outflow tract, and atrioventricular canal. By leveraging 2D and 3D differentiation, we efficiently generated progenitor subsets with distinct first, anterior, and posterior second heart field identities. This advance enabled the reproducible generation of cardioids with compartment-specific in vivo-like gene expression profiles, morphologies, and functions. We used this platform to unravel the ontogeny of signal and contraction propagation between interacting heart chambers and dissect how mutations, teratogens, and drugs cause compartment-specific defects in the developing human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison Deyett
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Ilmer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Haendeler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aranxa Torres Caballero
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Netzer
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ceci Ginistrelli
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Estela Mancheno Juncosa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanishta Bhattacharya
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amra Mujadzic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lokesh Pimpale
- HeartBeat.bio AG, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Cirigliano
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Reumann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katherina Tavernini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Papai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pablo Hofbauer
- HeartBeat.bio AG, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Chen X, Lu N, Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang X. Assessment of doxorubicin toxicity using human cardiac organoids: A novel model for evaluating drug cardiotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110777. [PMID: 37879593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases pose a huge threat to global human health and are also a major obstacle to drug development and disease treatment. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity remains an important clinical issue. Both traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell models and animal models have their own limitations and are not fully suitable for the study of human heart physiology or pathology. Cardiac organoids are three-dimensional (3D) and self-organized structures that accurately retain the biological characteristics and functions of heart tissue. In this study, we successfully established a human cardiac organoid model by inducing the directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, which recapitulates the patterns of early myocardial development. Moreover, this model accurately characterized the cardiotoxic damage caused by the anticancer drug doxorubicin, including clinical cardiac injury and cardiac function indicators, cell apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, as well as mitochondrial damage. In general, the cardiac organoid model can be used to evaluate the cardiotoxicity of drugs, opening new directions and ideas for drug screening and cardiotoxicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Lu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Finkel S, Sweet S, Locke T, Smith S, Wang Z, Sandini C, Imredy J, He Y, Durante M, Lagrutta A, Feinberg A, Lee A. FRESH™ 3D bioprinted cardiac tissue, a bioengineered platform for in vitro pharmacology. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046113. [PMID: 38046544 PMCID: PMC10693443 DOI: 10.1063/5.0163363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is critical need for a predictive model of human cardiac physiology in drug development to assess compound effects on human tissues. In vitro two-dimensional monolayer cultures of cardiomyocytes provide biochemical and cellular readouts, and in vivo animal models provide information on systemic cardiovascular response. However, there remains a significant gap in these models due to their incomplete recapitulation of adult human cardiovascular physiology. Recent efforts in developing in vitro models from engineered heart tissues have demonstrated potential for bridging this gap using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in three-dimensional tissue structure. Here, we advance this paradigm by implementing FRESH™ 3D bioprinting to build human cardiac tissues in a medium throughput, well-plate format with controlled tissue architecture, tailored cellular composition, and native-like physiological function, specifically in its drug response. We combined hiPSC-CMs, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in a cellular bioink and FRESH™ 3D bioprinted this mixture in the format of a thin tissue strip stabilized on a tissue fixture. We show that cardiac tissues could be fabricated directly in a 24-well plate format were composed of dense and highly aligned hiPSC-CMs at >600 million cells/mL and, within 14 days, demonstrated reproducible calcium transients and a fast conduction velocity of ∼16 cm/s. Interrogation of these cardiac tissues with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol showed responses consistent with positive chronotropy and inotropy. Treatment with calcium channel blocker verapamil demonstrated responses expected of hiPSC-CM derived cardiac tissues. These results confirm that FRESH™ 3D bioprinted cardiac tissues represent an in vitro platform that provides data on human physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tyler Locke
- FluidForm, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Sydney Smith
- FluidForm, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | - Zhefan Wang
- FluidForm, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
| | | | - John Imredy
- In Vitro Safety Pharmacology, Genetic and Cellular Toxicology, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | - Yufang He
- Division of Technology, Infrastructure, Operations and Experience, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | - Marc Durante
- Division of Technology, Infrastructure, Operations and Experience, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | - Armando Lagrutta
- In Vitro Safety Pharmacology, Genetic and Cellular Toxicology, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | | | - Andrew Lee
- FluidForm, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA
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19
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Zushin PJH, Mukherjee S, Wu JC. FDA Modernization Act 2.0: transitioning beyond animal models with human cells, organoids, and AI/ML-based approaches. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e175824. [PMID: 37909337 PMCID: PMC10617761 DOI: 10.1172/jci175824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter-James H. Zushin
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, California, USA
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20
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Fan C, He J, Xu S, Yan J, Jin L, Dai J, Hu B. Advances in biomaterial-based cardiac organoids. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213502. [PMID: 37352743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the important causes of death worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates are increasing annually with the intensification of social aging. The efficacy of drug therapy is limited in individuals suffering from severe heart failure due to the inability of myocardial cells to undergo regeneration and the challenging nature of cardiac tissue repair following injury. Consequently, surgical transplantation stands as the most efficient approach for treatment. Nevertheless, the shortage of donors and the considerable number of heart failure patients worldwide, estimated at 26 million, results in an alarming treatment deficit, with only around 5000 heart transplants feasible annually. The existing major alternatives, such as mechanical or xenogeneic hearts, have significant flaws, such as high cost and rejection, and are challenging to implement for large-scale, long-term use. An organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) cell tissue that mimics the characteristics of an organ. The critical application has been rated in annual biotechnology by authoritative journals, such as Science and Cell. Related industries have achieved rapid growth in recent years. Based on this technology, cardiac organoids are expected to pave the way for viable heart repair and treatment and play an essential role in pathological research, drug screening, and other areas. This review centers on the examination of biomaterials employed in cardiac repair, strategies employed for the reconstruction of cardiac structure and function, clinical investigations pertaining to cardiac repair, and the prospective applications of cardiac organoids. From basic research to clinical practice, the current status, latest progress, challenges, and prospects of biomaterial-based cardiac repair are summarized and discussed, providing a reference for future exploration and development of cardiac regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Fan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiaxiong He
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Sijia Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyan Yan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lifang Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yin J, Wang Z, Pei R. Cardiac organoid: multiple construction approaches and potential applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7567-7581. [PMID: 37477533 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The human cardiac organoid (hCO) is three-dimensional tissue model that is similar to an in vivo organ and has great potential on heart development biology, disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, the construction of hCO presents a unique challenge compared with other organoids such as the lung, small intestine, pancreas, liver. Since heart disease is the dominant cause of death and the treatment of such disease is one of the most unmet medical needs worldwide, developing technologies for the construction and application of hCO is a critical task for the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the current classification and construction methods of hCO. In addition, we describe its applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Finally, we propose the limitations of the cardiac organoid and future research directions. A detailed understanding of hCO will provide ways to improve its construction and expand its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jingbo Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
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22
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Wu F, He Q, Li F, Yang X. A review of protocols for engineering human cardiac organoids. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19938. [PMID: 37809996 PMCID: PMC10559357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of human cardiac organoids (hCOs) as 3D in vitro models for cardiovascular research has shown great promise. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have proven to be a potent source for engineering hCOs. However, various protocols for generating hCOs from hPSCs result in significant differences in heart development, maturity, complexity, vascularization, and spatial structure, all of which can influence their functional and physiological properties. This protocol review aims to highlight different strategies for generating hCOs using hPSCs while also critically discussing their challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Qian He
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Furong Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
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23
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Yang H, Yang Y, Kiskin FN, Shen M, Zhang JZ. Recent advances in regulating the proliferation or maturation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:228. [PMID: 37649113 PMCID: PMC10469435 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM)-based cell therapy has drawn broad attention as a potential therapy for treating injured hearts. However, mass production of hiPSC-CMs remains challenging, limiting their translational potential in regenerative medicine. Therefore, multiple strategies including cell cycle regulators, small molecules, co-culture systems, and epigenetic modifiers have been used to improve the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs. On the other hand, the immaturity of these proliferative hiPSC-CMs could lead to lethal arrhythmias due to their limited ability to functionally couple with resident cardiomyocytes. To achieve functional maturity, numerous methods such as prolonged culture, biochemical or biophysical stimulation, in vivo transplantation, and 3D culture approaches have been employed. In this review, we summarize recent approaches used to promote hiPSC-CM proliferation, and thoroughly review recent advances in promoting hiPSC-CM maturation, which will serve as the foundation for large-scale production of mature hiPSC-CMs for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Fedir N Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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24
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Li J, Yang J, Zhao D, Lei W, Hu S. Promises and challenges of cardiac organoids. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:351-356. [PMID: 37016187 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are currently the main cause of death. The study of the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases is still a major challenge. Traditional 2D cultured cells and animal models have certain limitations. Heart organoids as models can simulate the structure and function of the body, providing a new research strategy. This paper mainly discusses the development of organoids and their application in the study of the cardiac developmental process, drug screening and treatment of genetic and non-genetic diseases, concluding with their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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25
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Schreiber LM, Lohr D, Baltes S, Vogel U, Elabyad IA, Bille M, Reiter T, Kosmala A, Gassenmaier T, Stefanescu MR, Kollmann A, Aures J, Schnitter F, Pali M, Ueda Y, Williams T, Christa M, Hofmann U, Bauer W, Gerull B, Zernecke A, Ergün S, Terekhov M. Ultra-high field cardiac MRI in large animals and humans for translational cardiovascular research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1068390. [PMID: 37255709 PMCID: PMC10225557 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1068390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A key step in translational cardiovascular research is the use of large animal models to better understand normal and abnormal physiology, to test drugs or interventions, or to perform studies which would be considered unethical in human subjects. Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) at 7 T field strength is becoming increasingly available for imaging of the heart and, when compared to clinically established field strengths, promises better image quality and image information content, more precise functional analysis, potentially new image contrasts, and as all in-vivo imaging techniques, a reduction of the number of animals per study because of the possibility to scan every animal repeatedly. We present here a solution to the dual use problem of whole-body UHF-MRI systems, which are typically installed in clinical environments, to both UHF-MRI in large animals and humans. Moreover, we provide evidence that in such a research infrastructure UHF-MRI, and ideally combined with a standard small-bore UHF-MRI system, can contribute to a variety of spatial scales in translational cardiovascular research: from cardiac organoids, Zebra fish and rodent hearts to large animal models such as pigs and humans. We present pilot data from serial CINE, late gadolinium enhancement, and susceptibility weighted UHF-MRI in a myocardial infarction model over eight weeks. In 14 pigs which were delivered from a breeding facility in a national SARS-CoV-2 hotspot, we found no infection in the incoming pigs. Human scanning using CINE and phase contrast flow measurements provided good image quality of the left and right ventricle. Agreement of functional analysis between CINE and phase contrast MRI was excellent. MRI in arrested hearts or excised vascular tissue for MRI-based histologic imaging, structural imaging of myofiber and vascular smooth muscle cell architecture using high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging, and UHF-MRI for monitoring free radicals as a surrogate for MRI of reactive oxygen species in studies of oxidative stress are demonstrated. We conclude that UHF-MRI has the potential to become an important precision imaging modality in translational cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Schreiber
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - David Lohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Baltes
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ibrahim A. Elabyad
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maya Bille
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Reiter
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Aleksander Kosmala
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gassenmaier
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria R. Stefanescu
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alena Kollmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Aures
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schnitter
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mihaela Pali
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tatiana Williams
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Christa
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Cardiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Terekhov
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg (CHFC), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Arzt M, Pohlman S, Mozneb M, Sharma A. Chemically Defined Production of Tri-Lineage Human iPSC-Derived Cardiac Spheroids. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e767. [PMID: 37154466 PMCID: PMC11215757 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-cardiac spheroids) represent a powerful three-dimensional (3D) model for examining cardiac physiology and for drug toxicity screening. Recent advances with self-organizing, multicellular cardiac organoids highlight the capability of directed stem cell differentiation approaches to recapitulate the composition of the human heart in vitro. Using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs), and hiPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-CFs) is advantageous for enabling tri-cellular crosstalk within a multilineage system and for generating patient-specific models. Chemically defined medium containing factors needed to simultaneously maintain hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-ECs, and hiPSC-CFs is used to produce the spheroid system. In this article, we present protocols to illustrate the methods for conducting small-molecule-mediated differentiations of hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and cardiac fibroblasts, as well as to assemble the fully integrated cardiac spheroids. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Maintenance and expansion of hiPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes Basic Protocol 3: Differentiation of hiPSCs into vascular endothelial cells Basic Protocol 4: Differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiac fibroblasts Basic Protocol 5: Production of hiPSC-derived cardiac spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Arzt
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephany Pohlman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- CIRM Bridges to Stem Cell Research Program, California State University, Channel Islands, CA, USA
| | - Maedeh Mozneb
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Sahara M. Recent Advances in Generation of In Vitro Cardiac Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076244. [PMID: 37047216 PMCID: PMC10094119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac organoids are in vitro self-organizing and three-dimensional structures composed of multiple cardiac cells (i.e., cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, etc.) with or without biological scaffolds. Since cardiac organoids recapitulate structural and functional characteristics of the native heart to a higher degree compared to the conventional two-dimensional culture systems, their applications, in combination with pluripotent stem cell technologies, are being widely expanded for the investigation of cardiogenesis, cardiac disease modeling, drug screening and development, and regenerative medicine. In this mini-review, recent advances in cardiac organoid technologies are summarized in chronological order, with a focus on the methodological points for each organoid formation. Further, the current limitations and the future perspectives in these promising systems are also discussed.
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Lin Z, Garbern JC, Liu R, Li Q, Mancheño Juncosa E, Elwell HL, Sokol M, Aoyama J, Deumer US, Hsiao E, Sheng H, Lee RT, Liu J. Tissue-embedded stretchable nanoelectronics reveal endothelial cell-mediated electrical maturation of human 3D cardiac microtissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8513. [PMID: 36888704 PMCID: PMC9995081 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of stem cell therapies for heart disease requires electrical integration of transplanted cardiomyocytes. Generation of electrically matured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is critical for electrical integration. Here, we found that hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) promoted the expression of selected maturation markers in hiPSC-CMs. Using tissue-embedded stretchable mesh nanoelectronics, we achieved a long-term stable map of human three-dimensional (3D) cardiac microtissue electrical activity. The results revealed that hiPSC-ECs accelerated the electrical maturation of hiPSC-CMs in 3D cardiac microtissues. Machine learning-based pseudotime trajectory inference of cardiomyocyte electrical signals further revealed the electrical phenotypic transition path during development. Guided by the electrical recording data, single-cell RNA sequencing identified that hiPSC-ECs promoted cardiomyocyte subpopulations with a more mature phenotype, and multiple ligand-receptor interactions were up-regulated between hiPSC-ECs and hiPSC-CMs, revealing a coordinated multifactorial mechanism of hiPSC-CM electrical maturation. Collectively, these findings show that hiPSC-ECs drive hiPSC-CM electrical maturation via multiple intercellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hannah L.T. Elwell
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Sokol
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Junya Aoyama
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Undine-Sophie Deumer
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emma Hsiao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Sheng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.L.), (R.T.L.)
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.L.), (R.T.L.)
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29
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Martin M, Gähwiler EKN, Generali M, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Advances in 3D Organoid Models for Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065188. [PMID: 36982261 PMCID: PMC10049446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart cannot regain complete cardiac function following tissue injury, making cardiac regeneration a current clinical unmet need. There are a number of clinical procedures aimed at reducing ischemic damage following injury; however, it has not yet been possible to stimulate adult cardiomyocytes to recover and proliferate. The emergence of pluripotent stem cell technologies and 3D culture systems has revolutionized the field. Specifically, 3D culture systems have enhanced precision medicine through obtaining a more accurate human microenvironmental condition to model disease and/or drug interactions in vitro. In this study, we cover current advances and limitations in stem cell-based cardiac regenerative medicine. Specifically, we discuss the clinical implementation and limitations of stem cell-based technologies and ongoing clinical trials. We then address the advent of 3D culture systems to produce cardiac organoids that may better represent the human heart microenvironment for disease modeling and genetic screening. Finally, we delve into the insights gained from cardiac organoids in relation to cardiac regeneration and further discuss the implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Generali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-5610
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Abstract
Studies in animal models tracing organogenesis of the mesoderm-derived heart have emphasized the importance of signals coming from adjacent endodermal tissues in coordinating proper cardiac morphogenesis. Although in vitro models such as cardiac organoids have shown great potential to recapitulate the physiology of the human heart, they are unable to capture the complex crosstalk that takes place between the co-developing heart and endodermal organs, partly due to their distinct germ layer origins. In an effort to address this long-sought challenge, recent reports of multilineage organoids comprising both cardiac and endodermal derivatives have energized the efforts to understand how inter-organ, cross-lineage communications influence their respective morphogenesis. These co-differentiation systems have produced intriguing findings of shared signaling requirements for inducing cardiac specification together with primitive foregut, pulmonary, or intestinal lineages. Overall, these multilineage cardiac organoids offer an unprecedented window into human development that can reveal how the endoderm and heart cooperate to direct morphogenesis, patterning, and maturation. Further, through spatiotemporal reorganization, the co-emerged multilineage cells self-assemble into distinct compartments as seen in the cardiac-foregut, cardiac-intestine, and cardiopulmonary organoids and undergo cell migration and tissue reorganization to establish tissue boundaries. Looking into the future, these cardiac incorporated, multilineage organoids will inspire future strategies for improved cell sourcing for regenerative interventions and provide more effective models for disease investigation and drug testing. In this review, we will introduce the developmental context of coordinated heart and endoderm morphogenesis, discuss strategies for in vitro co-induction of cardiac and endodermal derivatives, and finally comment on the challenges and exciting new research directions enabled by this breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hoe Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Barbie Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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31
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Patino-Guerrero A, Ponce Wong RD, Kodibagkar VD, Zhu W, Migrino RQ, Graudejus O, Nikkhah M. Development and Characterization of Isogenic Cardiac Organoids from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Supplement Starvation Regimen. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:944-958. [PMID: 36583992 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is expected to increase the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide. Cardiac organoids are promising candidates for bridging the gap between in vitro experimentation and translational applications in drug development and cardiac repair due to their attractive features. Here we present the fabrication and characterization of isogenic scaffold-free cardiac organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) formed under a supplement-deprivation regimen that allows for metabolic synchronization and maturation of hiPSC-derived cardiac cells. We propose the formation of coculture cardiac organoids that include hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and hiPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-CMs and hiPSC-CFs, respectively). The cardiac organoids were characterized through extensive morphological assessment, evaluation of cellular ultrastructures, and analysis of transcriptomic and electrophysiological profiles. The morphology and transcriptomic profile of the organoids were improved by coculture of hiPSC-CMs with hiPSC-CFs. Specifically, upregulation of Ca2+ handling-related genes, such as RYR2 and SERCA, and structure-related genes, such as TNNT2 and MYH6, was observed. Additionally, the electrophysiological characterization of the organoids under supplement deprivation shows a trend for reduced conduction velocity for coculture organoids. These studies help us gain a better understanding of the role of other isogenic cells such as hiPSC-CFs in the formation of mature cardiac organoids, along with the introduction of exogenous chemical cues, such as supplement starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Patino-Guerrero
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona8528, United States
| | | | - Vikram D Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona8528, United States
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona85259, United States
| | - Raymond Q Migrino
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona85012, United States.,University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona85004, United States
| | - Oliver Graudejus
- BMSEED, Mesa, Arizona85201, United States.,School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona8528, United States.,Center for Personalized Diagnostics Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85281, United States
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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33
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Wang J, An M, Haubner BJ, Penninger JM. Cardiac regeneration: Options for repairing the injured heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:981982. [PMID: 36712238 PMCID: PMC9877631 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.981982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration is one of the grand challenges in repairing injured human hearts. Numerous studies of signaling pathways and metabolism on cardiac development and disease pave the way for endogenous cardiomyocyte regeneration. New drug delivery approaches, high-throughput screening, as well as novel therapeutic compounds combined with gene editing will facilitate the development of potential cell-free therapeutics. In parallel, progress has been made in the field of cell-based therapies. Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can partially rescue the myocardial defects caused by cardiomyocyte loss in large animals. In this review, we summarize current cell-based and cell-free regenerative therapies, discuss the importance of cardiomyocyte maturation in cardiac regenerative medicine, and envision new ways of regeneration for the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meilin An
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernhard Johannes Haubner
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, VBC – Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Josef M. Penninger,
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34
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Wang G, Xu Y, Wang Q, Chai Y, Sun X, Yang F, Zhang J, Wu M, Liao X, Yu X, Sheng X, Liu Z, Zhang J. Rare and undiagnosed diseases: From disease-causing gene identification to mechanism elucidation. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:918-928. [PMID: 38933382 PMCID: PMC11197726 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare and undiagnosed diseases substantially decrease patient quality of life and have increasingly become a heavy burden on healthcare systems. Because of the challenges in disease-causing gene identification and mechanism elucidation, patients are often confronted with difficulty obtaining a precise diagnosis and treatment. Due to advances in sequencing and multiomics analysis approaches combined with patient-derived iPSC models and gene-editing platforms, substantial progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of rare and undiagnosed diseases. The aforementioned techniques also provide an operational basis for future precision medicine studies. In this review, we summarize recent progress in identifying disease-causing genes based on GWAS/WES/WGS-guided multiomics analysis approaches. In addition, we discuss recent advances in the elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms and treatment of diseases with state-of-the-art iPSC and organoid models, which are improved by cell maturation level and gene editing technology. The comprehensive strategies described above will generate a new paradigm of disease classification that will significantly promote the precision and efficiency of diagnosis and treatment for rare and undiagnosed diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yuyan Xu
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Chai
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangwei Sun
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengchen Wu
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xufeng Liao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Sheng
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
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35
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Cao X, Weil MM, Wu JC. Clinical Trial in a Dish for Space Radiation Countermeasure Discovery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:140-149. [PMID: 36336359 PMCID: PMC10947779 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
NASA aims to return humans to the moon within the next five years and to land humans on Mars in a few decades. Space radiation exposure represents a major challenge to astronauts' health during long-duration missions, as it is linked to increased risks of cancer, cardiovascular dysfunctions, central nervous system (CNS) impairment, and other negative outcomes. Characterization of radiation health effects and developing corresponding countermeasures are high priorities for the preparation of long duration space travel. Due to limitations of animal and cell models, the development of novel physiologically relevant radiation models is needed to better predict these individual risks and bridge gaps between preclinical testing and clinical trials in drug development. "Clinical Trial in a Dish" (CTiD) is now possible with the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), offering a powerful tool for drug safety or efficacy testing using patient-specific cell models. Here we review the development and applications of CTiD for space radiation biology and countermeasure studies, focusing on progress made in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael M Weil
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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36
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Chandy M, Obal D, Wu JC. Elucidating effects of environmental exposure using human‐induced pluripotent stem cell disease modeling. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e13260. [PMID: 36285490 PMCID: PMC9641419 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a powerful modeling system for medical discovery and translational research. To date, most studies have focused on the potential for iPSCs for regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and disease modeling. However, iPSCs are also a powerful modeling system to investigate the effects of environmental exposure on the cardiovascular system. With the emergence of e‐cigarettes, air pollution, marijuana use, opioids, and microplastics as novel cardiovascular risk factors, iPSCs have the potential for elucidating the effects of these toxins on the body using conventional two‐dimensional (2D) arrays and more advanced tissue engineering approaches with organoid and other three‐dimensional (3D) models. The effects of these environmental factors may be enhanced by genetic polymorphisms that make some individuals more susceptible to the effects of toxins. iPSC disease modeling may reveal important gene–environment interactions that exacerbate cardiovascular disease and predispose some individuals to adverse outcomes. Thus, iPSCs and gene‐editing techniques could play a pivotal role in elucidating the mechanisms of gene–environment interactions and understanding individual variability in susceptibility to environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Department of Medicine Western University London ON Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University London ON Canada
| | - Detlef Obal
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
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37
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Challenges and opportunities for the next generation of cardiovascular tissue engineering. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1064-1071. [PMID: 36064773 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells offer unique opportunities for patient-specific disease modeling, drug discovery and cardiac repair. Since the first engineered hearts were introduced over two decades ago, human induced pluripotent stem cell-based three-dimensional cardiac organoids and heart-on-a-chip systems have now become mainstays in basic cardiovascular research as valuable platforms for investigating fundamental human pathophysiology and development. However, major obstacles remain to be addressed before the field can truly advance toward commercial and clinical translation. Here we provide a snapshot of the state-of-the-art methods in cardiac tissue engineering, with a focus on in vitro models of the human heart. Looking ahead, we discuss major challenges and opportunities in the field and suggest strategies for enabling broad acceptance of engineered cardiac tissues as models of cardiac pathophysiology and testbeds for the development of therapies.
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Corsini NS, Knoblich JA. Human organoids: New strategies and methods for analyzing human development and disease. Cell 2022; 185:2756-2769. [PMID: 35868278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, insight into fundamental principles of human biology and disease has been obtained primarily by experiments in animal models. While this has allowed researchers to understand many human biological processes in great detail, some developmental and disease mechanisms have proven difficult to study due to inherent species differences. The advent of organoid technology more than 10 years ago has established laboratory-grown organ tissues as an additional model system to recapitulate human-specific aspects of biology. The use of human 3D organoids, as well as other advances in single-cell technologies, has revealed unprecedented insights into human biology and disease mechanisms, especially those that distinguish humans from other species. This review highlights novel advances in organoid biology with a focus on how organoid technology has generated a better understanding of human-specific processes in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Corsini
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Department of Neurology, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
An ensemble of in vitro cardiac tissue models has been developed over the past several decades to aid our understanding of complex cardiovascular disorders using a reductionist approach. These approaches often rely on recapitulating single or multiple clinically relevant end points in a dish indicative of the cardiac pathophysiology. The possibility to generate disease-relevant and patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells has further leveraged the utility of the cardiac models as screening tools at a large scale. To elucidate biological mechanisms in the cardiac models, it is critical to integrate physiological cues in form of biochemical, biophysical, and electromechanical stimuli to achieve desired tissue-like maturity for a robust phenotyping. Here, we review the latest advances in the directed stem cell differentiation approaches to derive a wide gamut of cardiovascular cell types, to allow customization in cardiac model systems, and to study diseased states in multiple cell types. We also highlight the recent progress in the development of several cardiovascular models, such as cardiac organoids, microtissues, engineered heart tissues, and microphysiological systems. We further expand our discussion on defining the context of use for the selection of currently available cardiac tissue models. Last, we discuss the limitations and challenges with the current state-of-the-art cardiac models and highlight future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Thomas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.)
| | - Suji Choi
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA (S.C., K.K.P.)
| | - Christina Alamana
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.)
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA (S.C., K.K.P.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (K.K.P.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA (J.C.W.)
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Xuan W, Tipparaju SM, Ashraf M. Transformational Applications of Human Cardiac Organoids in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:936084. [PMID: 35813193 PMCID: PMC9261984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.936084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoid technology has significantly advanced in recent years and revolutionized the field for generation of organs using in vitro systems (a.k.a “organs in a dish”). The use of pluripotent stem cells or tissue derived cells for generating a 3-dimensional culture system to recapitulate the architecture and function of the organ is central in achieving and improving organoid systems. Unlike most organs in the body, very little progress has been made in cardiac organoid due to its structural complexity and vascularization. In this review, we will discuss the current applications of human cardiac organoids for cardiac disease modeling, drug discovery, drug cardiotoxicity testing, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Xuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Srinivas M. Tipparaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Ashraf,
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