1
|
Djemai M, Cupelli M, Boutjdir M, Chahine M. Optical Mapping of Cardiomyocytes in Monolayer Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2168. [PMID: 37681899 PMCID: PMC10487143 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical mapping is a powerful imaging technique widely adopted to measure membrane potential changes and intracellular Ca2+ variations in excitable tissues using voltage-sensitive dyes and Ca2+ indicators, respectively. This powerful tool has rapidly become indispensable in the field of cardiac electrophysiology for studying depolarization wave propagation, estimating the conduction velocity of electrical impulses, and measuring Ca2+ dynamics in cardiac cells and tissues. In addition, mapping these electrophysiological parameters is important for understanding cardiac arrhythmia mechanisms. In this review, we delve into the fundamentals of cardiac optical mapping technology and its applications when applied to hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and discuss related advantages and challenges. We also provide a detailed description of the processing and analysis of optical mapping data, which is a crucial step in the study of cardiac diseases and arrhythmia mechanisms for extracting and comparing relevant electrophysiological parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Djemai
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Michael Cupelli
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 11209, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 11209, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uche N, Dai Q, Lai S, Kolander K, Thao M, Schibly E, Sendaydiego X, Zielonka J, Benjamin IJ. Carvedilol Phenocopies PGC-1α Overexpression to Alleviate Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Prevent Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1585. [PMID: 37627583 PMCID: PMC10451268 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most effective and widely used anticancer drugs, has the major limitation of cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity (CTRTOX) in the clinic. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial dysfunction are well-known consequences of DOX-induced injury to cardiomyocytes. This study aimed to explore the mitochondrial functional consequences and associated mechanisms of pretreatment with carvedilol, a ß-blocking agent known to exert protection against DOX toxicity. When disease modeling was performed using cultured rat cardiac muscle cells (H9c2 cells) and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), we found that prophylactic carvedilol mitigated not only the DOX-induced suppression of mitochondrial function but that the mitochondrial functional readout of carvedilol-pretreated cells mimicked the readout of cells overexpressing the major regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α. Carvedilol pretreatment reduces mitochondrial oxidants, decreases cell death in both H9c2 cells and human iPSC-CM and maintains the cellular 'redox poise' as determined by sustained expression of the redox sensor Keap1 and prevention of DOX-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation. These results indicate that, in addition to the already known ROS-scavenging effects, carvedilol has a hitherto unrecognized pro-reducing property against the oxidizing conditions induced by DOX treatment, the sequalae of DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and compromised cell viability. The novel findings of our preclinical studies suggest future trial design of carvedilol prophylaxis, such as prescreening for redox state, might be an alternative strategy for preventing oxidative stress writ large in lieu of the current lack of clinical evidence for ROS-scavenging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Uche
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Qiang Dai
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Q.D.); (S.L.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Q.D.); (S.L.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Kurt Kolander
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Q.D.); (S.L.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Mai Thao
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Q.D.); (S.L.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Schibly
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Q.D.); (S.L.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Xavier Sendaydiego
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Q.D.); (S.L.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Free Radical Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Q.D.); (S.L.); (K.K.); (M.T.); (E.S.); (X.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Nguyen T, Rosa-Garrido M, Zhou Y, Cleveland DC, Zhang J. Comparative analysis of the cardiomyocyte differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular fibroblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1108340. [PMID: 36845191 PMCID: PMC9950567 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We had shown that cardiomyocytes (CMs) were more efficiently differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) when the hiPSCs were reprogrammed from cardiac fibroblasts rather than dermal fibroblasts or blood mononuclear cells. Here, we continued to investigate the relationship between somatic-cell lineage and hiPSC-CM production by comparing the yield and functional properties of CMs differentiated from iPSCs reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular cardiac fibroblasts (AiPSC or ViPSC, respectively). Methods: Atrial and ventricular heart tissues were obtained from the same patient, reprogrammed into AiPSCs or ViPSCs, and then differentiated into CMs (AiPSC-CMs or ViPSC-CMs, respectively) via established protocols. Results: The time-course of expression for pluripotency genes (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2), the early mesodermal marker Brachyury, the cardiac mesodermal markers MESP1 and Gata4, and the cardiovascular progenitor-cell transcription factor NKX2.5 were broadly similar in AiPSC-CMs and ViPSC-CMs during the differentiation protocol. Flow-cytometry analyses of cardiac troponin T expression also indicated that purity of the two differentiated hiPSC-CM populations (AiPSC-CMs: 88.23% ± 4.69%, ViPSC-CMs: 90.25% ± 4.99%) was equivalent. While the field-potential durations were significantly longer in ViPSC-CMs than in AiPSC-CMs, measurements of action potential duration, beat period, spike amplitude, conduction velocity, and peak calcium-transient amplitude did not differ significantly between the two hiPSC-CM populations. Yet, our cardiac-origin iPSC-CM showed higher ADP and conduction velocity than previously reported iPSC-CM derived from non-cardiac tissues. Transcriptomic data comparing iPSC and iPSC-CMs showed similar gene expression profiles between AiPSC-CMs and ViPSC-CMs with significant differences when compared to iPSC-CM derived from other tissues. This analysis also pointed to several genes involved in electrophysiology processes responsible for the physiological differences observed between cardiac and non-cardiac-derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: AiPSC and ViPSC were differentiated into CMs with equal efficiency. Detected differences in electrophysiological properties, calcium handling activity, and transcription profiles between cardiac and non-cardiac derived cardiomyocytes demonstrated that 1) tissue of origin matters to generate a better-featured iPSC-CMs, 2) the sublocation within the cardiac tissue has marginal effects on the differentiation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David C. Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Children’s Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hateley S, Lopez-Izquierdo A, Jou CJ, Cho S, Schraiber JG, Song S, Maguire CT, Torres N, Riedel M, Bowles NE, Arrington CB, Kennedy BJ, Etheridge SP, Lai S, Pribble C, Meyers L, Lundahl D, Byrnes J, Granka JM, Kauffman CA, Lemmon G, Boyden S, Scott Watkins W, Karren MA, Knight S, Brent Muhlestein J, Carlquist JF, Anderson JL, Chahine KG, Shah KU, Ball CA, Benjamin IJ, Yandell M, Tristani-Firouzi M. The history and geographic distribution of a KCNQ1 atrial fibrillation risk allele. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6442. [PMID: 34750360 PMCID: PMC8575962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of atrial fibrillation (AF) encompasses low impact, common genetic variants and high impact, rare variants. Here, we characterize a high impact AF-susceptibility allele, KCNQ1 R231H, and describe its transcontinental geographic distribution and history. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes procured from risk allele carriers exhibit abbreviated action potential duration, consistent with a gain-of-function effect. Using identity-by-descent (IBD) networks, we estimate the broad- and fine-scale population ancestry of risk allele carriers and their relatives. Analysis of ancestral migration routes reveals ancestors who inhabited Denmark in the 1700s, migrated to the Northeastern United States in the early 1800s, and traveled across the Midwest to arrive in Utah in the late 1800s. IBD/coalescent-based allele dating analysis reveals a relatively recent origin of the AF risk allele (~5000 years). Thus, our approach broadens the scope of study for disease susceptibility alleles to the context of human migration and ancestral origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chuanchau J Jou
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott Cho
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Colin T Maguire
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Natalia Torres
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael Riedel
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Neil E Bowles
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cammon B Arrington
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brett J Kennedy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan P Etheridge
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chase Pribble
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lindsay Meyers
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Derek Lundahl
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher A Kauffman
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gordon Lemmon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Steven Boyden
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - W Scott Watkins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary Anne Karren
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Khushi U Shah
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bruno G, Melle G, Barbaglia A, Iachetta G, Melikov R, Perrone M, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. All-Optical and Label-Free Stimulation of Action Potentials in Neurons and Cardiomyocytes by Plasmonic Porous Metamaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100627. [PMID: 34486241 PMCID: PMC8564419 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical stimulation technologies are gaining great consideration in cardiology, neuroscience studies, and drug discovery pathways by providing control over cell activity with high spatio-temporal resolution. However, this high precision requires manipulation of biological processes at genetic level concealing its development from broad scale application. Therefore, translating these technologies into tools for medical or pharmacological applications remains a challenge. Here, an all-optical nongenetic method for the modulation of electrogenic cells is introduced. It is demonstrated that plasmonic metamaterials can be used to elicit action potentials by converting near infrared laser pulses into stimulatory currents. The suggested approach allows for the stimulation of cardiomyocytes and neurons directly on commercial complementary metal-oxide semiconductor microelectrode arrays coupled with ultrafast pulsed laser, providing both stimulation and network-level recordings on the same device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bruno
- Plasmon NanotechnologiesIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova16163Italy
| | - Giovanni Melle
- Plasmon NanotechnologiesIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova16163Italy
| | - Andrea Barbaglia
- Plasmon NanotechnologiesIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova16163Italy
| | | | | | - Michela Perrone
- Plasmon NanotechnologiesIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova16163Italy
| | - Michele Dipalo
- Plasmon NanotechnologiesIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova16163Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Viral vector gene delivery of the novel chaperone protein SRCP1 to modify insoluble protein in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS. Gene Ther 2021:10.1038/s41434-021-00276-4. [PMID: 34239068 PMCID: PMC8741877 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are shared features of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and protein quality control disruption contributes to neuronal toxicity. Therefore, reducing protein aggregation could hold therapeutic potential. We previously identified a novel chaperone protein, serine-rich chaperone protein 1 (SRCP1), that effectively prevents protein aggregation in cell culture and zebrafish models of Huntington's disease. Here we tested whether this benefit extends to aggregated proteins found in ALS. We used viral-mediated expression of SRCP1 in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS. We found that SRCP1 reduced insoluble SOD1 protein levels in HEK293T cells overexpressing either the A4V or G93R mutant SOD1. However, the reduction of insoluble protein was not observed in either mutant C9orf72 or SOD1 ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons infected with a lentivirus expressing SRCP1. SOD1-G93A ALS mice injected with AAV-SRCP1 showed a small but significant reduction in insoluble and soluble SOD1 in both the brain and spinal cord, but SRCP1 expression did not improve mouse survival. These data indicate that SRCP1 likely reduces insoluble protein burden in a protein and/or context-dependent manner indicating a need for additional insight into SRCP1 function and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ray A, Joshi JM, Sundaravadivelu PK, Raina K, Lenka N, Kaveeshwar V, Thummer RP. An Overview on Promising Somatic Cell Sources Utilized for the Efficient Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1954-1974. [PMID: 34100193 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) have enormous potential in understanding developmental biology, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. The initial human iPSC studies used fibroblasts as a starting cell source to reprogram them; however, it has been identified to be a less appealing somatic cell source by numerous studies due to various reasons. One of the important criteria to achieve efficient reprogramming is determining an appropriate starting somatic cell type to induce pluripotency since the cellular source has a major influence on the reprogramming efficiency, kinetics, and quality of iPSCs. Therefore, numerous groups have explored various somatic cell sources to identify the promising sources for reprogramming into iPSCs with different reprogramming factor combinations. This review provides an overview of promising easily accessible somatic cell sources isolated in non-invasive or minimally invasive manner such as keratinocytes, urine cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells used for the generation of human iPSCs derived from healthy and diseased subjects. Notably, iPSCs generated from one of these cell types derived from the patient will offer ethical and clinical advantages. In addition, these promising somatic cell sources have the potential to efficiently generate bona fide iPSCs with improved reprogramming efficiency and faster kinetics. This knowledge will help in establishing strategies for safe and efficient reprogramming and the generation of patient-specific iPSCs from these cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ray
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi
- Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, 580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sundaravadivelu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Khyati Raina
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nibedita Lenka
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune - 411007, Ganeshkhind, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishwas Kaveeshwar
- Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, 580009, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Next generation of heart regenerative therapies: progress and promise of cardiac tissue engineering. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34075050 PMCID: PMC8169890 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult heart is a vital and highly specialized organ of the human body, with limited capability of self-repair and regeneration in case of injury or disease. Engineering biomimetic cardiac tissue to regenerate the heart has been an ambition in the field of tissue engineering, tracing back to the 1990s. Increased understanding of human stem cell biology and advances in process engineering have provided an unlimited source of cells, particularly cardiomyocytes, for the development of functional cardiac muscle, even though pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes poorly resemble those of the adult heart. This review outlines key biology-inspired strategies reported to improve cardiomyocyte maturation features and current biofabrication approaches developed to engineer clinically relevant cardiac tissues. It also highlights the potential use of this technology in drug discovery science and disease modeling as well as the current efforts to translate it into effective therapies that improve heart function and promote regeneration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang X, Cheng H, Huang J, Cui C, Zhu Y, Lin Y, Miao W, Liu H, Chen H, Ju W, Chen M. Construction of chamber-specific engineered cardiac tissues in vitro with human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and human foreskin fibroblasts. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:198-205. [PMID: 34074596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology and directed cardiac differentiation technology can provide a continuous supply of cells for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy. However, two-dimensional (2D) cells often fail to faithfully reflect the physiological structure and function of the heart. Considering the contractile function is the most critical and easy-to-understand function of cardiomyocytes, the engineered cardiac tissues (ECT) with mechanical properties may serve as an appropriate three-dimensional (3D) platform for drug evaluation. At present, there are various methods to generate ECTs, some of which are quite costly. In the present study, we proposed that human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells, as a cost-effective and accessible cell source, can promote the compaction and remodeling of ECTs. The HFFs derived ECTs displayed stable structural and functional characteristics with a higher performance-to-price ratio. Moreover, both ECTs made from atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes showed an excellent drug response, demonstrating that the ECT with HFFs as an easy and reliable platform for drug evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongyi Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yongping Lin
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weilun Miao
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hailei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weizhu Ju
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen P, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Chen L, Yang X, Li J, Wu W, Zhang S. Intracellular calcium current disorder and disease phenotype in OBSCN mutant iPSC-based cardiomyocytes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Theranostics 2020; 10:11215-11229. [PMID: 33042279 PMCID: PMC7532677 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obscurin participates in the development of striated muscles and maintenance of the functional sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, the role of obscurin in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is not well understood. We aimed to study the novel obscurin mutations in the pathogenesis of ARVC and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) through retroviral reprogramming of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a 46-year-old female diagnosed with ARVC, carrying a mutation in OBSCN. The cells differentiated into functional iPSC-based cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), whose phenotype was determined by transmission electron microscopy, electrophysiological description, immunofluorescence staining, and Oil Red O staining. Molecular characterization was performed by bioinformatic analyses, and identification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Results: ARVC-iPSC-CMs mutation in OBSCN showed significant accumulation of lipids, increased pleomorphism, irregular Z-bands, and increased L type calcium currents. Functional enrichment analysis identified pathways involved in focal adhesion and structure formation; the adipocytokines and PPAR signaling pathways were also activated in the ARVC group. Moreover, our results from ultra-high-resolution microscopy, qRT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed that the mutant OBSCN protein and its anchor protein, Ank1.5, showed structural disorder and decreased expression, but there was increased expression of junctional protein N-Cadherin. Further analysis revealed the gene expression of other desmosomal proteins in ARVC-iPSC-CMs was also decreased but some adipogenesis pathway-related proteins (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4) were increased. Conclusion: A novel frameshift mutation in OBSCN caused phenotypic alteration accompanied by disrupted localization and decreased expression of its anchoring protein Ank1.5. Furthermore, there was an accumulation of lipids with an increase in fatty fibrosis area and myocardial structural disorder, possibly leading to dysrhythmia in calcium channel-related myocardial contraction. These observations suggested the possibility of attenuating ARVC progression by therapeutic modulation of OBSCN expression.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nemade H, Acharya A, Chaudhari U, Nembo E, Nguemo F, Riet N, Abken H, Hescheler J, Papadopoulos S, Sachinidis A. Cyclooxygenases Inhibitors Efficiently Induce Cardiomyogenesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030554. [PMID: 32120775 PMCID: PMC7140528 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is limited by the challenges in their efficient differentiation. Recently, the Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway has emerged as the key regulator of cardiomyogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on cardiac differentiation of hPSCs. Cardiac differentiation was performed by adherent monolayer based method using 4 hPSC lines (HES3, H9, IMR90, and ES4SKIN). The efficiency of cardiac differentiation was evaluated by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. Generated hPSC-CMs were characterised using immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology, electron microscopy, and calcium transient measurements. Our data show that the COX inhibitors Sulindac and Diclofenac in combination with CHIR99021 (GSK-3 inhibitor) efficiently induce cardiac differentiation of hPSCs. In addition, inhibition of COX using siRNAs targeted towards COX-1 and/or COX-2 showed that inhibition of COX-2 alone or COX-1 and COX-2 in combination induce cardiomyogenesis in hPSCs within 12 days. Using IMR90-Wnt reporter line, we showed that inhibition of COX-2 led to downregulation of Wnt signalling activity in hPSCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that COX inhibition efficiently induced cardiogenesis via modulation of COX and Wnt pathway and the generated cardiomyocytes express cardiac-specific structural markers as well as exhibit typical calcium transients and action potentials. These cardiomyocytes also responded to cardiotoxicants and can be relevant as an in vitro cardiotoxicity screening model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Nemade
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Aviseka Acharya
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Umesh Chaudhari
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Erastus Nembo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Nicole Riet
- Department I Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Deptartment Genetic Immunotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0221-4787373
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Targeting cell plasticity for regeneration: From in vitro to in vivo reprogramming. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:124-144. [PMID: 32822682 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed to pluripotency from somatic cells, has transformed the landscape of regenerative medicine, disease modelling and drug discovery pipelines. Since the first generation of iPSCs in 2006, there has been enormous effort to develop new methods that increase reprogramming efficiency, and obviate the need for viral vectors. In parallel to this, the promise of in vivo reprogramming to convert cells into a desired cell type to repair damage in the body, constitutes a new paradigm in approaches for tissue regeneration. This review article explores the current state of reprogramming techniques for iPSC generation with a specific focus on alternative methods that use biophysical and biochemical stimuli to reduce or eliminate exogenous factors, thereby overcoming the epigenetic barrier towards vector-free approaches with improved clinical viability. We then focus on application of iPSC for therapeutic approaches, by giving an overview of ongoing clinical trials using iPSCs for a variety of health conditions and discuss future scope for using materials and reagents to reprogram cells in the body.
Collapse
|
13
|
Aoyama J, Homma K, Tanabe N, Usui S, Miyagi Y, Matsuura K, Kaneda M, Nitta T. Spatiotemporal imaging documented the maturation of the cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:2260-2271.e7. [PMID: 31409490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine. However, contractions in such derived cardiomyocytes are often irregular and asynchronous, especially at early stages of differentiation. This study aimed to determine the differentiation stage of initiation of synchronized and regular contractions, using spatiotemporal imaging and physiological and genetic analyses. METHODS Knock-in human induced pluripotent stem cell lines were established with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 to analyze cardiac and pacemaker cell maturation. Time-frequency analysis and Ca2+ imaging were performed, and the expression of related proteins and specific cardiac/pacemaker mRNAs in contracting embryoid bodies was analyzed at various differentiation stages. RESULTS Time-frequency analysis and Ca2+ imaging revealed irregular, asynchronous contractions at the early stage of differentiation with altered electrophysiological properties upon differentiation. Genes associated with electrophysiological properties were upregulated after 70 days of culturing in differentiation media, whereas pacemaker genes were initially upregulated during the early stage and downregulated at the later stage. CONCLUSIONS A differentiation period >70 days is required for adequate development of cardiac elements including ion channels and gap junctions and for sarcomere maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Aoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Homma
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nari Tanabe
- SUWA, Tokyo University of Science, Nagano, Japan
| | - Sumiko Usui
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kaneda
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nitta
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Human Cytomegalovirus Disruption of Calcium Signaling in Neural Progenitor Cells and Organoids. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00954-19. [PMID: 31217241 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00954-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of congenital birth defects. Infection can result in infants born with a variety of symptoms, including hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly, and developmental disabilities. Microcephaly is associated with disruptions in the neural progenitor cell (NPC) population. Here, we defined the impact of HCMV infection on neural tissue development and calcium regulation, a critical activity in neural development. Regulation of intracellular calcium involves purinergic receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC). HCMV infection compromised the ability of both pathways in NPCs as well as fibroblasts to respond to stimulation. We observed significant drops in basal calcium levels in infected NPCs which were accompanied by loss in VGCC activity and purinergic receptor responses. However, uninfected cells in the population retained responsiveness. Addition of the HCMV inhibitor maribavir reduced viral spread but failed to restore activity in infected cells. To study neural development, we infected three-dimensional cortical organoids with HCMV. Infection spread to a subset of cells over time and disrupted organoid structure, with alterations in developmental and neural layering markers. Organoid-derived infected neurons and astrocytes were unable to respond to stimulation whereas uninfected cells retained nearly normal responses. Maribavir partially restored structural features, including neural rosette formation, and dampened the impact of infection on neural cellular function. Using a tissue model system, we have demonstrated that HCMV alters cortical neural layering and disrupts calcium regulation in infected cells.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replicates in several cell types throughout the body, causing disease in the absence of an effective immune response. Studies on HCMV require cultured human cells and tissues due to species specificity. In these studies, we investigated the impact of infection on developing three-dimensional cortical organoid tissues, with specific emphasis on cell-type-dependent calcium signaling. Calcium signaling is an essential function during neural differentiation and cortical development. We observed that HCMV infects and spreads within these tissues, ultimately disrupting cortical structure. Infected cells exhibited depleted calcium stores and loss of ATP- and KCl-stimulated calcium signaling while uninfected cells in the population maintained nearly normal responses. Some protection was provided by the viral inhibitor maribavir. Overall, our studies provide new insights into the impact of HCMV on cortical tissue development and function.
Collapse
|
15
|
Poulin H, Martineau L, Racine V, Puymirat J, Chahine M. Differentiation of lymphoblastoid-derived iPSCs into functional cardiomyocytes, neurons and myoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:222-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Wu KH, Wang SY, Xiao QR, Yang Y, Huang NP, Mo XM, Sun J. Small-molecule-based generation of functional cardiomyocytes from human umbilical cord-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1318-1327. [PMID: 30317643 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiac-differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal cells. Spontaneous beating colonies were observed at day 7 after the sequential addition of CHIR99021 and IWP-4. The combined use of CHIR99021 and IWP-4 downregulated the expression of pluripotency markers while upregulating cardiac transcription factors and cardiomyocyte-specific markers. The derived cardiomyocytes demonstrated typical sarcomeric structures and action-potential features; most importantly, the derived cells exhibited responsiveness to β-adrenergic and muscarinic stimulations. The analyses of molecular, structural, and functional properties revealed that the derived cardiomyocytes were similar to cardiomyocytes derived from BJ foreskin fibroblast cells. In summary, our results demonstrate that functional cardiomyocytes can be generated from human umbilical cord-derived cells. The methodology described here has potential as a means for the production of functional cardiomyocytes from discarded human umbilical cord tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hong Wu
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su Yun Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Ming Mo
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lichtenauer M, Pichler T, Eder S, Mirna M, Magnes T, Wernly B, Paar V, Jung C, Prinz E, Seitelberger R, Hoppe UC. Carcinoid heart disease involving the left heart: a case report and biomarker analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:222-227. [PMID: 30620449 PMCID: PMC6352891 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the case of a 67‐year‐old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnoea and oedema of the lower extremities. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe tricuspid and mitral regurgitation, and the leaflets of the tricuspid valve were found to be rigid and almost immobile. The plasma concentrations of serotonin and chromogranin A were elevated, and hence, suspicion for carcinoid heart disease was raised. In addition to the diagnostic workup and medical and surgical treatment, we analysed levels of novel cardiovascular biomarkers throughout the entire follow‐up by means of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A dopa positron emission tomography (DOPA‐PET) was conducted and showed a neoplasm in the terminal ileum. Tricuspid valve replacement, mitral valve repair, and a closure of the patent foramen ovale (PFO) were conducted. Two months later, hemicolectomy and liver segment resection were performed. The tumour was resected, and the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) was confirmed. Throughout the follow‐up, we observed a decrease in the plasma levels of novel biomarkers [e.g. interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity‐2 (sST2), and heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (H‐FABP)] over the follow‐up period. In our case, carcinoid heart disease resulted in a severe tricuspid regurgitation as commonly seen in these patients. Moreover, a pre‐existent mitral regurgitation was likely aggravated by fibrotic remodelling, because a PFO has led to a right‐to‐left shunt and might have caused left heart involvement. As IL‐8 was associated with adverse outcomes in patients with NETs, and sST2 and H‐FABP were associated with adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure previously, these biomarkers could aid in the risk stratification of patients with NET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tristan Pichler
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oberndorf Hospital, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Magnes
- Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Department of Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vera Paar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erika Prinz
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Uta C Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oberndorf Hospital, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gartz M, Darlington A, Afzal MZ, Strande JL. Exosomes exert cardioprotection in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes via ERK1/2-p38/MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16519. [PMID: 30410044 PMCID: PMC6224575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As mediators of intercellular communication, exosomes containing molecular cargo are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to influence cellular phenotype and function. Here we have investigated the effects of exosomes in dystrophin-deficient (Dys) induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs). Our data demonstrate that exosomes secreted from either wild type (WT) or Dys-iCMs protect the Dys-iCM from stress-induced injury by decreasing reactive oxygen species and delaying mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening to maintain the mitochondrial membrane potential and decrease cell death. The protective effects of exosomes were dependent on the presence of exosomal surface proteins and activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling. Based on our findings, the acute effects of exosomes on recipient cells can be initiated from exosome membrane proteins and not necessarily their internal cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gartz
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley Darlington
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Muhammed Zeeshan Afzal
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Seminary ER, Sison SL, Ebert AD. Modeling Protein Aggregation and the Heat Shock Response in ALS iPSC-Derived Motor Neurons. Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29515358 PMCID: PMC5826239 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by the selective loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. Only 10% of all cases are caused by a mutation in one of the two dozen different identified genes, while the remaining 90% are likely caused by a combination of as yet unidentified genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in C9orf72, SOD1, or TDP-43 are the most common causes of familial ALS, together responsible for at least 60% of these cases. Remarkably, despite the large degree of heterogeneity, all cases of ALS have protein aggregates in the brain and spinal cord that are immunopositive for SOD1, TDP-43, OPTN, and/or p62. These inclusions are normally prevented and cleared by heat shock proteins (Hsps), suggesting that ALS motor neurons have an impaired ability to induce the heat shock response (HSR). Accordingly, there is evidence of decreased induction of Hsps in ALS mouse models and in human post-mortem samples compared to unaffected controls. However, the role of Hsps in protein accumulation in human motor neurons has not been fully elucidated. Here, we generated motor neuron cultures from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines carrying mutations in SOD1, TDP-43, or C9orf72. In this study, we provide evidence that despite a lack of overt motor neuron loss, there is an accumulation of insoluble, aggregation-prone proteins in iPSC-derived motor neuron cultures but that content and levels vary with genetic background. Additionally, although iPSC-derived motor neurons are generally capable of inducing the HSR when exposed to a heat stress, protein aggregation itself is not sufficient to induce the HSR or stress granule formation. We therefore conclude that ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons recapitulate key early pathological features of the disease and fail to endogenously upregulate the HSR in response to increased protein burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Seminary
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Samantha L Sison
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) was first described more than 10 years ago and is currently used in various basic science and clinical research fields. The aim of this report is to examine the trends in research using iPSCs over the last 10 years. The 2006-2016 PubMed database was searched using the MeSH term "induced pluripotent stem cells." Only original research articles were selected, with a total of 3323 articles. These were classified according to research theme into reprogramming, differentiation protocols for specific cells and/or tissues, pathophysiological research on diseases, and discovery of new drugs, and then the trends over the years were analyzed. We also focused on 232 research publications on the pathophysiological causes of diseases and drug discovery with impact factor (IF; Thomson Reuters) of six or more. The IF of each article was summed up by year, by main target disease, and by country, and the total IF score was expressed as trends of research. The trends of research activities of reprogramming and differentiation on specific cells and/or tissues reached maxima in 2013/2014. On the other hand, research on pathophysiology and drug discovery increased continuously. The 232 articles with IF ≥6 dealt with neurological, immunological/hematological, cardiovascular, and digestive tract diseases, in that order. The majority of articles were published from the United States, followed by Japan, Germany, and United Kingdom. In conclusion, iPSCs have become a general tool for pathophysiological research on disease and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Negoro
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanayuki Okura
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mitzelfelt KA, McDermott-Roe C, Grzybowski MN, Marquez M, Kuo CT, Riedel M, Lai S, Choi MJ, Kolander KD, Helbling D, Dimmock DP, Battle MA, Jou CJ, Tristani-Firouzi M, Verbsky JW, Benjamin IJ, Geurts AM. Efficient Precision Genome Editing in iPSCs via Genetic Co-targeting with Selection. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:491-499. [PMID: 28238794 PMCID: PMC5355643 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing in induced pluripotent stem cells is currently hampered by the laborious and expensive nature of identifying homology-directed repair (HDR)-modified cells. We present an approach where isolation of cells bearing a selectable, HDR-mediated editing event at one locus enriches for HDR-mediated edits at additional loci. This strategy, called co-targeting with selection, improves the probability of isolating cells bearing HDR-mediated variants and accelerates the production of disease models. Increases the efficiency of genome editing in human iPSCs Enhances detectability of variants of interest derived by homology-directed repair Is a simple, scalable, and adaptable strategy for knocking in variants of interest
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Mitzelfelt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chris McDermott-Roe
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Michael N Grzybowski
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Maribel Marquez
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chieh-Ti Kuo
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Melinda J Choi
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kurt D Kolander
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daniel Helbling
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David P Dimmock
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michele A Battle
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chuanchau J Jou
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 83113, USA
| | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 83113, USA
| | - James W Verbsky
- Section of Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Smith AST, Macadangdang J, Leung W, Laflamme MA, Kim DH. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and tissue engineering strategies for disease modeling and drug screening. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:77-94. [PMID: 28007615 PMCID: PMC5237393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Improved methodologies for modeling cardiac disease phenotypes and accurately screening the efficacy and toxicity of potential therapeutic compounds are actively being sought to advance drug development and improve disease modeling capabilities. To that end, much recent effort has been devoted to the development of novel engineered biomimetic cardiac tissue platforms that accurately recapitulate the structure and function of the human myocardium. Within the field of cardiac engineering, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an exciting tool that offer the potential to advance the current state of the art, as they are derived from somatic cells, enabling the development of personalized medical strategies and patient specific disease models. Here we review different aspects of iPSC-based cardiac engineering technologies. We highlight methods for producing iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and discuss their application to compound efficacy/toxicity screening and in vitro modeling of prevalent cardiac diseases. Special attention is paid to the application of micro- and nano-engineering techniques for the development of novel iPSC-CM based platforms and their potential to advance current preclinical screening modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec S T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Winnie Leung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- Toronto General Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Takasuna K, Asakura K, Araki S, Ando H, Kazusa K, Kitaguchi T, Kunimatsu T, Suzuki S, Miyamoto N. Comprehensive in vitro cardiac safety assessment using human stem cell technology: Overview of CSAHi HEART initiative. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 83:42-54. [PMID: 27646297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent increasing evidence suggests that the currently-used platforms in vitro IKr and APD, and/or in vivo QT assays are not fully predictive for TdP, and do not address potential arrhythmia (VT and/or VF) induced by diverse mechanisms of action. In addition, other cardiac safety liabilities such as functional dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling (contractility) and structural damage (morphological damage to cardiomyocytes) are also major causes of drug attrition, but current in vitro assays do not cover all these liabilities. We organized the Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi; http://csahi.org/en/), based on the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), to verify the application of human iPS/ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes in drug safety evaluation. The main goal of the CSAHi HEART team has been to propose comprehensive screening strategies to predict a diverse range of cardiotoxicities by using recently introduced platforms (multi-electrode array (MEA), patch clamp, cellular impedance, motion field imaging [MFI], and Ca transient systems) while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each. Our study shows that hiPS-CMs used in these platforms have pharmacological responses more relevant to humans in comparison with existent hERG, APD or Langendorff (MAPD/contraction) assays, and not only MEA but also other methods such as impedance, MFI, and Ca transient systems would offer paradigm changes of platforms for predicting drug-induced QT risk and/or arrhythmia or contractile dysfunctions. Furthermore, we propose a potential multi-parametric platform in which field potential (MEA)-Ca transient-contraction (MFI) could be evaluated simultaneously as an ideal novel platform for predicting a diversity of cardiac toxicities, namely whole effects on the excitation-contraction cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Asakura
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Discovery Research Labs., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Araki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ando
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Safety Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kazusa
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaguchi
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kunimatsu
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Suzuki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Dept., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Miyamoto
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit Medicine Development Center Eisai Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Winters AA, Bou-Ghannam S, Thorp H, Hawayek JA, Atkinson DL, Bartlett CE, Silva FJ, Hsu EW, Moreno AP, Grainger DA, Patel AN. Evaluation of Multiple Biological Therapies for Ischemic Cardiac Disease. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1591-1607. [DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophia Bou-Ghannam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hallie Thorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jose A. Hawayek
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Edward W. Hsu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alonso P. Moreno
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Nora Eccles Cardiovascular and Training Research Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David A. Grainger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amit N. Patel
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mannhardt I, Breckwoldt K, Letuffe-Brenière D, Schaaf S, Schulz H, Neuber C, Benzin A, Werner T, Eder A, Schulze T, Klampe B, Christ T, Hirt MN, Huebner N, Moretti A, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A. Human Engineered Heart Tissue: Analysis of Contractile Force. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:29-42. [PMID: 27211213 PMCID: PMC4944531 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing contractile force, the most important and best understood function of cardiomyocytes in vivo is not established in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). This study describes the generation of 3D, strip-format, force-generating engineered heart tissues (EHT) from hiPSC-CM and their physiological and pharmacological properties. CM were differentiated from hiPSC by a growth factor-based three-stage protocol. EHTs were generated and analyzed histologically and functionally. HiPSC-CM in EHTs showed well-developed sarcomeric organization and alignment, and frequent mitochondria. Systematic contractility analysis (26 concentration-response curves) reveals that EHTs replicated canonical response to physiological and pharmacological regulators of inotropy, membrane- and calcium-clock mediators of pacemaking, modulators of ion-channel currents, and proarrhythmic compounds with unprecedented precision. The analysis demonstrates a high degree of similarity between hiPSC-CM in EHT format and native human heart tissue, indicating that human EHTs are useful for preclinical drug testing and disease modeling. Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) from hiPSC-CM are generated with high reproducibility EHTs show aligned cardiomyocytes with organized sarcomeres and immature t tubules Spontaneous beating is regulated by both, membrane- and calcium-clock mechanisms EHTs respond to physiological and pharmacological interventions like human heart tissue
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaja Breckwoldt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Letuffe-Brenière
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schaaf
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine - MDC, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13092 Berlin, Germany; Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuber
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Benzin
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Werner
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Eder
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schulze
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Klampe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Huebner
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine - MDC, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- I. Medical Department - Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technische Universität München, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hwang HS, Kryshtal DO, Feaster TK, Sánchez-Freire V, Zhang J, Kamp TJ, Hong CC, Wu JC, Knollmann BC. Comparable calcium handling of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes generated by multiple laboratories. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:79-88. [PMID: 25982839 PMCID: PMC4530041 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are being increasingly used to model human heart diseases. hiPSC-CMs generated by earlier aggregation-based methods (i.e., embryoid body) often lack functional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca stores characteristic of mature mammalian CMs. Newer monolayer-based cardiac differentiation methods (i.e., Matrigel sandwich or small molecule-based differentiation) produce hiPSC-CMs of high purity and yield, but their Ca handling has not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we studied Ca handling and cytosolic Ca buffering properties of hiPSC-CMs generated independently from multiple hiPSC lines at Stanford University, Vanderbilt University and University of Wisconsin-Madison. hiPSC-CMs were cryopreserved at each university. Frozen aliquots were shipped, recovered from cryopreservation, plated at low density and compared 3-5days after plating with acutely-isolated adult rabbit and mouse ventricular CMs. Although hiPSC-CM cell volume was significantly smaller, cell capacitance to cell volume ratio and cytoplasmic Ca buffering were not different from rabbit-CMs. hiPSC-CMs from all three laboratories exhibited robust L-type Ca currents, twitch Ca transients and caffeine-releasable SR Ca stores comparable to adult CMs. Ca transport by sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (SERCA) and Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) was similar in all hiPSC-CM lines, but slower compared to rabbit-CMs. However, the relative contribution of SERCA and NCX to Ca transport of hiPSC-CMs was comparable to rabbit-CMs. Ca handling maturity of hiPSC-CMs increased from 15 to 21days post-induction. We conclude that hiPSC-CMs generated independently from multiple iPSC lines using monolayer-based methods can be reproducibly recovered from cryopreservation and exhibit comparable and functional SR Ca handling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Hwang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dmytro O Kryshtal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T K Feaster
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Verónica Sánchez-Freire
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nasvhille, TN USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Holt-Casper D, Theisen JM, Moreno AP, Warren M, Silva F, Grainger DW, Bull DA, Patel AN. Novel xeno-free human heart matrix-derived three-dimensional scaffolds. J Transl Med 2015; 13:194. [PMID: 26084398 PMCID: PMC4505384 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Myocardial infarction (MI) results in damaged heart tissue which can progress to severely reduce cardiac function, leading to death. Recent studies have injected dissociated, suspended cardiac cells into coronary arteries to restore function with limited results attributed to poor cell retention and cell death. Extracellular matrix (ECM) injected into damaged cardiac tissue sites show some promising effects. However, combined use of human cardiac ECM and cardiac cells may produce superior benefits to restore cardiac function. Objective This study was designed to assess use of new three-dimensional human heart ECM-derived scaffolds to serve as vehicles to deliver cardiac-derived cells directly to damaged heart tissue and improve cell retention at these sites while also providing biomechanical support and attracting host cell recruitment. Methods and Results ECM-derived porous protein scaffolds were fabricated from human heart tissues. These scaffolds were designed to carry, actively promote and preserve cardiac cell phenotype, viability and functional retention in tissue sites. ECM scaffolds were optimized and were seeded with human cardiomyocytes, cultured and subsequently implanted ex vivo onto infarcted murine epicardium. Seeded human cardiomyocytes readily adhered to human cardiac-derived ECM scaffolds and maintained representative phenotypes including expression of cardiomyocyte-specific markers, and remained electrically synchronous within the scaffold in vitro. Ex vivo, cardiomyocyte-seeded ECM scaffolds spontaneously adhered and incorporated into murine ventricle. Conclusions Decellularized human cardiac tissue-derived 3D ECM scaffolds are effective delivery vehicles for human cardiac cells to directly target ischemic heart tissue and warrant further studies to assess their therapeutic potential in restoring essential cardiac functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0559-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Holt-Casper
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Jeff M Theisen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Alonso P Moreno
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5000, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Mark Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5000, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Francisco Silva
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - David W Grainger
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5000, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - David A Bull
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5000, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Amit N Patel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5000, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. .,University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E SOM 3c127, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Generation of highly purified human cardiomyocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126596. [PMID: 25970162 PMCID: PMC4430251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have an enormous potential for physiological studies. A novel protocol was developed combining the derivation of iPS from peripheral blood with an optimized directed differentiation to cardiomyocytes and a subsequent metabolic selection. The human iPS cells were retrovirally dedifferentiated from activated T cells. The subsequent optimized directed differentiation protocol yielded 30-45% cardiomyocytes at day 16 of differentiation. The derived cardiomyocytes expressed appropriate structural markers like cardiac troponin T, α-actinin and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2V). In a subsequent metabolic selection with lactate, the cardiomyocytes content could be increased to more than 90%. Loss of cardiomyocytes during metabolic selection were less than 50%, whereas alternative surface antibody-based selection procedures resulted in loss of up to 80% of cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiological characterization confirmed the typical cardiac features and the presence of ventricular, atrial and nodal-like action potentials within the derived cardiomyocyte population. Our combined and optimized protocol is highly robust and applicable for scalable cardiac differentiation. It provides a simple and cost-efficient method without expensive equipment for generating large numbers of highly purified, functional cardiomyocytes. It will further enhance the applicability of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mondal A, Baker B, Harvey IR, Moreno AP. PerFlexMEA: a thin microporous microelectrode array for in vitro cardiac electrophysiological studies on hetero-cellular bilayers with controlled gap junction communication. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2037-2048. [PMID: 25797476 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The new microelectrode array device presented is called PerFlexMEA and it enables controlled coupling between myocytes and nonmyocytes used in cardiovascular conduction studies. The device consists of an 8 μm thin parylene microporous membrane with a 4 × 5 microelectrode array patterned on one side. Myocytes and nonmyocytes can be plated on either side of the parylene membrane to create a tissue bilayer. The 3-3.5 μm diameter pores allow inter-layer dye and electrical coupling without transmembrane cell migration. Cell migration was found to vary with cell-type and micropore diameter. Pore density can be varied based on desired coupling ratio. The flexible parylene membrane is packaged between two rigid thermoplastic layers, such that the microelectrode array region is exposed, while the rest of the device remains insulated. The packaged PerFlexMEA fits in a 60 mm culture dish. Recording experiments are performed by simply plugging it into a commercially available multielectrode amplifier system. Recorded signals were processed and analysed using scripts generated in MATLAB. Our experimental results provide evidence of the reliability of this device, as conduction velocity was observed to decrease after inducing lateral hetero-cellular controlled coupling between myocytes and HeLa cells expressing connexin 43.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mondal
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research & Training Institute, University of Utah, 95 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5000, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lopez-Izquierdo A, Warren M, Riedel M, Cho S, Lai S, Lux RL, Spitzer KW, Benjamin IJ, Tristani-Firouzi M, Jou CJ. A near-infrared fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye allows for moderate-throughput electrophysiological analyses of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1370-7. [PMID: 25172899 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00344.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM)-based assays are emerging as a promising tool for the in vitro preclinical screening of QT interval-prolonging side effects of drugs in development. A major impediment to the widespread use of human iPSC-CM assays is the low throughput of the currently available electrophysiological tools. To test the precision and applicability of the near-infrared fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye 1-(4-sulfanatobutyl)-4-{β[2-(di-n-butylamino)-6-naphthyl]butadienyl}quinolinium betaine (di-4-ANBDQBS) for moderate-throughput electrophysiological analyses, we compared simultaneous transmembrane voltage and optical action potential (AP) recordings in human iPSC-CM loaded with di-4-ANBDQBS. Optical AP recordings tracked transmembrane voltage with high precision, generating nearly identical values for AP duration (AP durations at 10%, 50%, and 90% repolarization). Human iPSC-CMs tolerated repeated laser exposure, with stable optical AP parameters recorded over a 30-min study period. Optical AP recordings appropriately tracked changes in repolarization induced by pharmacological manipulation. Finally, di-4-ANBDQBS allowed for moderate-throughput analyses, increasing throughput >10-fold over the traditional patch-clamp technique. We conclude that the voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANBDQBS allows for high-precision optical AP measurements that markedly increase the throughput for electrophysiological characterization of human iPSC-CMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Lopez-Izquierdo
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael Riedel
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Scott Cho
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Robert L Lux
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kenneth W Spitzer
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chuanchau J Jou
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|