1
|
Garau Paganella L, Badolato A, Labouesse C, Fischer G, Sänger CS, Kourouklis A, Giampietro C, Werner S, Mazza E, Tibbitt MW. Variations in fluid chemical potential induce fibroblast mechano-response in 3D hydrogels. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 163:213933. [PMID: 38972277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical deformation of skin creates variations in fluid chemical potential, leading to local changes in hydrostatic and osmotic pressure, whose effects on mechanobiology remain poorly understood. To study these effects, we investigate the specific influences of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure on primary human dermal fibroblasts in three-dimensional hydrogel culture models. Cyclic hydrostatic pressure and hyperosmotic stress enhanced the percentage of cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki67 in both collagen and PEG-based hydrogels. Osmotic pressure also activated the p38 MAPK stress response pathway and increased the expression of the osmoresponsive genes PRSS35 and NFAT5. When cells were cultured in two-dimension (2D), no change in proliferation was observed with either hydrostatic or osmotic pressure. Furthermore, basal, and osmotic pressure-induced expression of osmoresponsive genes differed in 2D culture versus 3D hydrogels, highlighting the role of dimensionality in skin cell mechanotransduction and stressing the importance of 3D tissue-like models that better replicate in vivo conditions. Overall, these results indicate that fluid chemical potential changes affect dermal fibroblast mechanobiology, which has implications for skin function and for tissue regeneration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Garau Paganella
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Asia Badolato
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Labouesse
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Fischer
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catharina S Sänger
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kourouklis
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao J, Sormani L, Jacquelin S, Li H, Styke C, Zhou C, Beesley J, Oon L, Kaur S, Sim SL, Wong HY, Dight J, Hashemi G, Shafiee A, Roy E, Patel J, Khosrotehrani K. Distinct roles of SOX9 in self-renewal of progenitors and mesenchymal transition of the endothelium. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:545-560. [PMID: 38733496 PMCID: PMC11303482 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative capabilities of the endothelium rely on vessel-resident progenitors termed endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). This study aimed to investigate if these progenitors are impacted by conditions (i.e., obesity or atherosclerosis) characterized by increased serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a known inducer of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT). Our investigation focused on understanding the effects of EndMT on the self-renewal capabilities of progenitors and the associated molecular alterations. In the presence of oxLDL, ECFCs displayed classical features of EndMT, through reduced endothelial gene and protein expression, function as well as increased mesenchymal genes, contractility, and motility. Additionally, ECFCs displayed a dramatic loss in self-renewal capacity in the presence of oxLDL. RNA-sequencing analysis of ECFCs exposed to oxLDL validated gene expression changes suggesting EndMT and identified SOX9 as one of the highly differentially expressed genes. ATAC sequencing analysis identified SOX9 binding sites associated with regions of dynamic chromosome accessibility resulting from oxLDL exposure, further pointing to its importance. EndMT phenotype and gene expression changes induced by oxLDL in vitro or high fat diet (HFD) in vivo were reversed by the silencing of SOX9 in ECFCs or the endothelial-specific conditional knockout of Sox9 in murine models. Overall, our findings support that EndMT affects vessel-resident endothelial progenitor's self-renewal. SOX9 activation is an early transcriptional event that drives the mesenchymal transition of endothelial progenitor cells. The identification of the molecular network driving EndMT in vessel-resident endothelial progenitors presents a new avenue in understanding and preventing a range of condition where this process is involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Zhao
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Laura Sormani
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sebastien Jacquelin
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Macrophage Biology Laboratory, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Haiming Li
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Cassandra Styke
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Linus Oon
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Macrophage Biology Laboratory, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Seen-Ling Sim
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - James Dight
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Ghazaleh Hashemi
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Edwige Roy
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jatin Patel
- Centre for Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Q, Zheng J, Bian Q. Cell Fate Regulation During the Development of Infantile Hemangioma. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01873-6. [PMID: 39023471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.06.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
As the most common benign vascular tumor in infants, infantile hemangioma (IH) is characterized by rapid growth and vasculogenesis early in infancy, followed by spontaneous involution into fibrofatty tissues over time. Extensive evidence suggests that IH originates from hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs), a group of stem cells with clonal expansion and multi-directional differentiation capacity. However, the intricate mechanisms governing the cell fate transition of HemSCs during IH development remain elusive. Here we comprehensively examine the cellular composition of IH, emphasizing the nuanced properties of various IH cell types and their correlation with the clinical features of the tumor. We also summarize the current understanding of the regulatory pathways directing HemSC differentiation into endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and adipocytes throughout the stages of IH progression and involution. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in unraveling the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of EC and adipocyte development under physiological conditions, which offer crucial perspectives for understanding IH pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Chen
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Bian
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Long Q, Zhang P, Ou Y, Li W, Yan Q, Yuan X. Single-cell sequencing advances in research on mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Hum Cell 2024; 37:904-916. [PMID: 38743204 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), originating from the mesoderm, represent a multifunctional stem cell population capable of differentiating into diverse cell types and exhibiting a wide range of biological functions. Despite more than half a century of research, MSCs continue to be among the most extensively studied cell types in clinical research projects globally. However, their significant heterogeneity and phenotypic instability have significantly hindered their exploration and application. Single-cell sequencing technology emerges as a powerful tool to address these challenges, offering precise dissection of complex cellular samples. It uncovers the genetic structure and gene expression status of individual contained cells on a massive scale and reveals the heterogeneity among these cells. It links the molecular characteristics of MSCs with their clinical applications, contributing to the advancement of regenerative medicine. With the development and cost reduction of single-cell analysis techniques, sequencing technology is now widely applied in fundamental research and clinical trials. This study aimed to review the application of single-cell sequencing in MSC research and assess its prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Long
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Pingshu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Ya Ou
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, Affiliated North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiological Function, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Holm A, Mulliken JB, Bischoff J. Infantile hemangioma: the common and enigmatic vascular tumor. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172836. [PMID: 38618963 PMCID: PMC11014660 DOI: 10.1172/jci172836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a benign vascular tumor that occurs in 5% of newborns. The tumor follows a life cycle of rapid proliferation in infancy, followed by slow involution in childhood. This unique life cycle has attracted the interest of basic and clinical scientists alike as a paradigm for vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vascular regression. Unanswered questions persist about the genetic and molecular drivers of the proliferating and involuting phases. The beta blocker propranolol usually accelerates regression of problematic IHs, yet its mechanism of action on vascular proliferation and differentiation is unclear. Some IHs fail to respond to beta blockers and regrow after discontinuation. Side effects occur and long-term sequelae of propranolol treatment are unknown. This poses clinical challenges and raises novel questions about the mechanisms of vascular overgrowth in IH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Holm
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Freiburg, VASCERN-VASCA European Reference Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John B. Mulliken
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boss AL, Chamley LW, Brooks AES, James JL. Human placental vascular and perivascular cell heterogeneity differs between first trimester and term, and in pregnancies affected by foetal growth restriction. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 29:gaad041. [PMID: 38059603 PMCID: PMC10746841 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth-restricted placentae have a reduced vascular network, impairing exchange of nutrients and oxygen. However, little is known about the differentiation events and cell types that underpin normal/abnormal placental vascular formation and function. Here, we used 23-colour flow cytometry to characterize placental vascular/perivascular populations between first trimester and term, and in foetal growth restriction (FGR). First-trimester endothelial cells had an immature phenotype (CD144+/lowCD36-CD146low), while term endothelial cells expressed mature endothelial markers (CD36+CD146+). At term, a distinct population of CD31low endothelial cells co-expressed mesenchymal markers (CD90, CD26), indicating a capacity for endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). In FGR, compared with normal pregnancies, endothelial cells constituted 3-fold fewer villous core cells (P < 0.05), contributing to an increased perivascular: endothelial cell ratio (2.6-fold, P < 0.05). This suggests that abnormal EndMT may play a role in FGR. First-trimester endothelial cells underwent EndMT in culture, losing endothelial (CD31, CD34, CD144) and gaining mesenchymal (CD90, CD26) marker expression. Together this highlights how differences in villous core cell heterogeneity and phenotype may contribute to FGR pathophysiology across gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li K, Liu X, Hou R, Zhao H, Zhao P, Tian Y, Li J. Uncovering mechanisms of Baojin Chenfei formula treatment for silicosis by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis based on serum pharmacochemistry and network analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115082. [PMID: 37257350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baojin Chenfei formula (BCF), a Chinese herbal formula, has significant effects on improving the clinical symptoms of patients with silicosis. However, its active compounds and the underlying mechanisms have not yet fully been elucidated. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of BCF in treating silicosis. METHODS The rat model of silicosis was developed via a single intratracheal instillation of SiO2 suspension to examine the therapeutic impacts of BCF on silicosis. Subsequently, the active compounds, targets, and mechanisms of BCF were analyzed based on serum pharmacochemistry and network analysis. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of representative compounds of BCF were validated in vitro experiments. RESULTS BCF significantly alleviated SiO2-induced silicosis in rats, evidenced by improved lung function, decreased pathological injury, and reduced inflammatory response and fibrosis. 19 active compounds were identified from the rat serum samples after BCF gavage. Subsequently, 299 targets for these 19 compounds in BCF and 257 genes related to silicosis were collected. 26 overlapping targets, including AKT1, TNF, IL6, MAPK3, EGFR, and others, were obtained from the intersection of the 299 BCF-related targets and 257 silicosis-associated genes. These overlapping targets mainly corresponded to glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin and were mainly associated with positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, and inflammatory response. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that the representative compounds of BCF (glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin) could suppress inflammatory response by the MAPK pathway, and also inhibited fibroblast activation by the EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Active compounds of BCF, such as glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin, could suppress inflammatory response by the MAPK pathway and suppress fibroblast activation by the EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway. These might be the mechanisms of BCF in treating silicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangchen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Runsu Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hulei Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hosseini M, Shafiee A. Vascularization of cutaneous wounds by stem cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:327-350. [PMID: 37678977 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated skin cells have limited self-renewal capacity; thus, the application of stem/progenitor cells, adult or induced stem cells, has attracted much attention for wound healing applications. Upon skin injury, vascularization, known as a highly dynamic process, occurs with the contribution of cells, the extracellular matrix, and relevant growth factors. Considering the importance of this process in tissue regeneration, several strategies have been proposed to enhance angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing. Previous studies report the effectiveness of stem/progenitor cells in skin wound healing by facilitating the vascularization process. This chapter reviews and highlights some of the key and recent investigations on application of stem/progenitor cells to induce skin revascularization after trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Therapeutic Effect of Biomimetic Scaffold Loaded with Human Amniotic Epithelial Cell-Derived Neural-like Cells for Spinal Cord Injury. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100535. [PMID: 36290504 PMCID: PMC9598945 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in devastating consequences for the motor and sensory function of patients due to neuronal loss and disrupted neural circuits, confronting poor prognosis and lack of effective therapies. A new therapeutic strategy is urgently required. Here, human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC), featured with immunocompatibility, non-tumorgenicity and no ethical issues, were induced into neural-like cells by a compound cocktail, as evidenced with morphological change and the expression of neural cell markers. Interestingly, the hAEC-neural-like cells maintain the characteristic of low immunogenicity as hAEC. Aiming at SCI treatment in vivo, we constructed a 3D-printed GelMA hydrogel biomimetic spinal cord scaffold with micro-channels, in which hAEC-neural-like cells were well-induced and grown. In a rat full transection SCI model, hAEC-neural-like cell scaffolds that were implanted in the lesion demonstrated significant therapeutic effects; the neural circuit and hindlimb locomotion were partly recovered compared to little affection in the SCI rats receiving an empty scaffold or a sham implantation operation. Thus, the establishment of hAEC-neural-like cell biomimetic scaffolds may provide a safe and effective treatment strategy for SCI.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou WW, Dai C, Liu WZ, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Yang GS, Guo QH, Li S, Yang HX, Li AY. Gentianella acuta improves TAC-induced cardiac remodelling by regulating the Notch and PI3K/Akt/FOXO1/3 pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113564. [PMID: 35988427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling mainly manifests as excessive myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, which are associated with heart failure. Gentianella acuta (G. acuta) is reportedly effective in cardiac protection; however, the mechanism by which it protects against cardiac remodelling is not fully understood. Here, we discuss the effects and mechanisms of G. acuta in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac remodelling in rats. Cardiac function was analysed using echocardiography and electrocardiography. Haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and wheat germ agglutinin staining were used to observe pathophysiological changes. Additionally, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to measure protein levels and mRNA levels of genes related to myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to investigate the co-expression of endothelial and interstitial markers. Western blotting was used to estimate the expression and phosphorylation levels of the regulatory proteins involved in autophagy and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). The results showed that G. acuta alleviated cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. The elevated levels of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis markers, induced by TAC, decreased significantly after G. acuta intervention. G. acuta decreased the expression of LC3 II and Beclin1, and increased p62 expression. G. acuta upregulated the expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial-cadherin, and prevented the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Furthermore, G. acuta inhibited the PI3K/Akt/FOXO1/3a pathway and activated the Notch signalling. These findings demonstrated that G. acuta has cardioprotective effects, such as alleviating myocardial fibrosis, inhibiting hypertrophy, reducing autophagy, and blocking EndMT by regulating the PI3K/Akt/FOXO1/3a and Notch signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Wei-Zhe Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China; Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Gao-Shan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Technology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong-Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - Ai-Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China; Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
High-yield isolation of pure fetal endothelial colony forming cells and mesenchymal stem cells from the human full-term placenta. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101354. [PMID: 35509970 PMCID: PMC9059155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A need to identify a stem cell source for human endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that is high yield is crucial for their implementation in ischemia. Our lab has developed an isolation protocol to do this using full-term human villous placental tissue. This protocol describes enzymatic tissue digestion followed by MACS and FACS, achieving an 8 times greater yield versus traditional isolation techniques and delivering pure fetal stem cell colonies within 21–28 days cell culture. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Patel et al. (2013) and Patel et al. (2014). A detailed protocol to isolate pure fetal stem cells from human full-term placenta Deriving fetal stem cells in clinically relevant quantities Assessing the therapeutic capacity of ECFC and MSC in treating ischemic injury
Collapse
|
12
|
Genome-wide methylome pattern predictive network analysis reveal mesenchymal stem cell's propensity to undergo cardiovascular lineage. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:12. [PMID: 34966635 PMCID: PMC8660944 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation toward cardiovascular lineage prediction using the global methylome profile will highlight its prospective utility in regenerative medicine. We examined the propensity prediction to cardiovascular lineage using 5-Aza, a well-known cardiac lineage inducer. The customized 180 K microarray was performed and further analysis of global differentially methylated regions by Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) in both MSCs and 5-AC-treated MSCs. The cluster enrichment tools sorted differentially enriched genes and further annotated to construct the interactive networks. Prediction analysis revealed pathways pertaining to the cardiovascular lineage found active in the native MSCs, suggesting its higher propensity to undergo cardiac, smooth muscle cell, and endothelial lineages in vitro. Interestingly, gene interaction network also proposed majorly stemness gene network NANOG and KLF6, cardiac-specific transcription factors GATA4, NKX2.5, and TBX5 were upregulated in the native MSCs. Furthermore, the expression of cardiovascular lineage specific markers such as Brachury, CD105, CD90, CD31, KDR and various forms of ACTIN (cardiac, sarcomeric, smooth muscle) were validated in native MSCs using real time PCR and immunostaining and blotting analysis. In 5-AC-treated MSCs, mosaic interactive networks were observed to persuade towards osteogenesis and cardiac lineage, indicating that 5-AC treatment resulted in nonspecific lineage induction in MSCs, while MSCs by default have a higher propensity to undergo cardiovascular lineage. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03058-2.
Collapse
|
13
|
James JL, Boss AL, Sun C, Allerkamp HH, Clark AR. From stem cells to spiral arteries: A journey through early placental development. Placenta 2021; 125:68-77. [PMID: 34819240 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early placental development lays the foundation of a healthy pregnancy, and numerous tightly regulated processes must occur for the placenta to meet the increasing nutrient and oxygen exchange requirements of the growing fetus later in gestation. Inadequacies in early placental development can result in disorders such as fetal growth restriction that do not present clinically until the second half of gestation. Indeed, growth restricted placentae exhibit impaired placental development and function, including reduced overall placental size, decreased branching of villi and the blood vessels within them, altered trophoblast function, and impaired uterine vascular remodelling, which together combine to reduce placental exchange capacity. This review explores the importance of early placental development across multiple anatomical aspects of placentation, from the stem cells and lineage hierarchies from which villous core cells and trophoblasts arise, through extravillous trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodelling, and finally remodelling of the larger uterine vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Anna L Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherry Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hanna H Allerkamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alys R Clark
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chambers SE, Pathak V, Pedrini E, Soret L, Gendron N, Guerin CL, Stitt AW, Smadja DM, Medina RJ. Current concepts on endothelial stem cells definition, location, and markers. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10 Suppl 2:S54-S61. [PMID: 34724714 PMCID: PMC8560200 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic vascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and regeneration of blood vessels in perfusion-deficient tissues is a worthwhile therapeutic goal. The idea of delivering endothelial stem/progenitor cells to repair damaged vasculature, reperfuse hypoxic tissue, prevent cell death, and consequently diminish tissue inflammation and fibrosis has a strong scientific basis and clinical value. Various labs have proposed endothelial stem/progenitor cell candidates. This has created confusion, as there are profound differences between these cell definitions based on isolation methodology, characterization, and reparative biology. Here, a stricter definition based on stem cell biology principles is proposed. Although preclinical studies have often been promising, results from clinical trials have been highly contradictory and served to highlight multiple challenges associated with disappointing therapeutic benefit. This article reviews recent accomplishments in the field and discusses current difficulties when developing endothelial stem cell therapies. Emerging evidence that disputes the classic view of the bone marrow as the source for these cells and supports the vascular wall as the niche for these tissue-resident endothelial stem cells is considered. In addition, novel markers to identify endothelial stem cells, including CD157, EPCR, and CD31low VEGFR2low IL33+ Sox9+ , are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E.J. Chambers
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Varun Pathak
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Lou Soret
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Gendron
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Coralie L. Guerin
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Cytometry Platform, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David M. Smadja
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Reinhold J. Medina
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dight J, Zhao J, Styke C, Khosrotehrani K, Patel J. Resident vascular endothelial progenitor definition and function: the age of reckoning. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:15-33. [PMID: 34499264 PMCID: PMC8813834 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is composed around the central function of the endothelium that lines the inner surfaces of its vessels. In recent years, the existence of a progenitor population within the endothelium has been validated through the study of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in human peripheral blood and certain vascular beds. However, our knowledge on endothelial populations in vivo that can give rise to ECFCs in culture has been limited. In this review we report and analyse recent attempts at describing progenitor populations in vivo from murine studies that reflect the self-renewal and stemness capacity observed in ECFCs. We pinpoint seminal discoveries within the field, which have phenotypically defined, and functionally scrutinised these endothelial progenitors. Furthermore, we review recent publications utilising single-cell sequencing technologies to better understand the endothelium in homeostasis and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Dight
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Jilai Zhao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Cassandra Styke
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
| | - Jatin Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia. .,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stem C, Rodman C, Ramamurthy RM, George S, Meares D, Farland A, Atala A, Doering CB, Spencer HT, Porada CD, Almeida-Porada G. Investigating Optimal Autologous Cellular Platforms for Prenatal or Perinatal Factor VIII Delivery to Treat Hemophilia A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678117. [PMID: 34447745 PMCID: PMC8383113 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with the severe form of hemophilia A (HA) present with a severe phenotype, and can suffer from life-threatening, spontaneous hemorrhaging. While prophylactic FVIII infusions have revolutionized the clinical management of HA, this treatment is short-lived, expensive, and it is not available to many A patients worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated a panel of readily available cell types for their suitability as cellular vehicles to deliver long-lasting FVIII replacement following transduction with a retroviral vector encoding a B domain-deleted human F8 transgene. Given the immune hurdles that currently plague factor replacement therapy, we focused our investigation on cell types that we deemed to be most relevant to either prenatal or very early postnatal treatment and that could, ideally, be autologously derived. Our findings identify several promising candidates for use as cell-based FVIII delivery vehicles and lay the groundwork for future mechanistic studies to delineate bottlenecks to efficient production and secretion of FVIII following genetic-modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stem
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christopher Rodman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ritu M. Ramamurthy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Sunil George
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Diane Meares
- Special Hematology Laboratory, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Andrew Farland
- Special Hematology Laboratory, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christopher B. Doering
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - H. Trent Spencer
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher D. Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao J, Patel J, Kaur S, Sim SL, Wong HY, Styke C, Hogan I, Kahler S, Hamilton H, Wadlow R, Dight J, Hashemi G, Sormani L, Roy E, Yoder MC, Francois M, Khosrotehrani K. Sox9 and Rbpj differentially regulate endothelial to mesenchymal transition and wound scarring in murine endovascular progenitors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2564. [PMID: 33963183 PMCID: PMC8105340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a leading cause of fibrosis and disease, however its mechanism has yet to be elucidated. The endothelium possesses a profound regenerative capacity to adapt and reorganize that is attributed to a population of vessel-resident endovascular progenitors (EVP) governing an endothelial hierarchy. Here, using fate analysis, we show that two transcription factors SOX9 and RBPJ specifically affect the murine EVP numbers and regulate lineage specification. Conditional knock-out of Sox9 from the vasculature (Sox9fl/fl/Cdh5-CreERRosaYFP) depletes EVP while enhancing Rbpj expression and canonical Notch signalling. Additionally, skin wound analysis from Sox9 conditional knock-out mice demonstrates a significant reduction in pathological EndMT resulting in reduced scar area. The converse is observed with Rbpj conditionally knocked-out from the murine vasculature (Rbpjfl/fl/Cdh5-CreER RosaYFP) or inhibition of Notch signaling in human endothelial colony forming cells, resulting in enhanced Sox9 and EndMT related gene (Snail, Slug, Twist1, Twist2, TGF-β) expression. Similarly, increased endothelial hedgehog signaling (Ptch1fl/fl/Cdh5-CreER RosaYFP), that upregulates the expression of Sox9 in cells undergoing pathological EndMT, also results in excess fibrosis. Endothelial cells transitioning to a mesenchymal fate express increased Sox9, reduced Rbpj and enhanced EndMT. Importantly, using topical administration of siRNA against Sox9 on skin wounds can substantially reduce scar area by blocking pathological EndMT. Overall, here we report distinct fates of EVPs according to the relative expression of Rbpj or Notch signalling and Sox9, highlighting their potential plasticity and opening exciting avenues for more effective therapies in fibrotic diseases. How endothelial to mesenchymal transition is regulated in endovascular progenitors is unclear. Here, the authors show that blocking Sox9 expression in murine endovascular progenitors regulates this transition on skin wounding, affecting the size of scarring, with changes in Rbpj having the opposite effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Zhao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jatin Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Seen-Ling Sim
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Cassandra Styke
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Isabella Hogan
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sam Kahler
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Hamish Hamilton
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Racheal Wadlow
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - James Dight
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ghazaleh Hashemi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Sormani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Edwige Roy
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mathias Francois
- The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardiovascular Development: Gene Regulation and Editing Program, The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,The School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Van Gronigen Case G, Storey KM, Parmeley LE, Schulz LC. Effects of maternal nutrient restriction during the periconceptional period on placental development in the mouse. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244971. [PMID: 33444393 PMCID: PMC7808591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition has detrimental effects on fetal development and adult health. Total caloric restriction during early pregnancy followed by adequate nutrition for the remainder of gestation, is particularly linked to cardiovascular and metabolic disease risks during adulthood. The placenta is responsible for transport of nutrients from the maternal to fetal circulation, and the efficiency with which it does so can be adjusted to the maternal nutrient supply. There is evidence that placental adaptations to nutrient restriction in early pregnancy may be retained even when adequate nutrition is restored later in pregnancy, leading to a potential mismatch between placental efficiency and maternal nutrient supplies. However, in the mouse, 50% caloric restriction from days 1.5-11.5 of gestation, while temporarily altering placental structure and gene expression, had no significant effect on day 18.5. The periconceptional period, during which oocyte maturation, fertilization, and preimplantation development occur may be especially critical in creating lasting impact on the placenta. Here, mice were subjected to 50% caloric restriction from 3 weeks prior to pregnancy through d11.5, and then placental structure, the expression of key nutrient transporters, and global DNA methylation levels were examined at gestation d18.5. Prior exposure to caloric restriction increased maternal blood space area, but decreased expression of the key System A amino acid transporter Slc38a4 at d18.5. Neither placental and fetal weights, nor placental DNA methylation levels were affected. Thus, total caloric restriction beginning in the periconceptional period does have a lasting impact on placental development in the mouse, but without changing placental efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerialisa Van Gronigen Case
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Storey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Parmeley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gundacker C, Ellinger I. The unique applicability of the human placenta to the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept: the placenta provides fundamental insights into human organ functions at multiple levels of biological organization. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:273-281. [PMID: 32768559 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the short lifespan of the human placenta, the proper formation and function of the organ is of crucial importance for fetal development. Placental dysfunction increases the risk of complications for mother and child during pregnancy and childbirth and beyond as it predisposes to fetal programming. The placenta is an upstream organ of the fetus. It performs the functions of fetal lungs, liver, intestines, kidneys and glands as long as these organs are not fully functional. Furthermore, it is the only human organ that is non-invasively available either after elective abortion or after birth. This is a crucial point given that the conceptual framework of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) requires data on organ function. In vitro and ex vivo placental studies, combined with epidemiological and clinical data on pregnant women, newborns, and infants can uniquely cover all levels of information needed to develop new AOPs and complement existing AOPs related to reproductive toxicity and beyond. To stimulate further research in this area and to support researchers in future studies dealing with the development of AOPs related to the placenta, this review first gives a brief description of placental structure, placental development and relevant pregnancy diseases. The state of knowledge about the available placental models, their particularities and limitations are briefly discussed. Finally, the use of placental research for the development of AOPs is presented with an illustrative example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bhagwani A, Thompson AAR, Farkas L. When Innate Immunity Meets Angiogenesis-The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Endothelial Cells and Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:352. [PMID: 32850883 PMCID: PMC7410919 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors serve a central role in innate immunity, but they can also modulate cell function in various non-immune cell types including endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are necessary for the organized function of the vascular system, and part of their fundamental role is also the regulation of immune function and inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how Toll-like receptors contribute to the immune and non-immune functions of the endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneel Bhagwani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - A. A. Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lukowski SW, Patel J, Andersen SB, Sim SL, Wong HY, Tay J, Winkler I, Powell JE, Khosrotehrani K. Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Aortic Endothelium Identifies a Hierarchy from Endovascular Progenitors to Differentiated Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2748-2758.e3. [PMID: 31141696 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular profiles that govern the endothelial heterogeneity of the circulatory system have yet to be elucidated. Using a data-driven approach to study the endothelial compartment via single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterized cell subpopulations within and assigned them to a defined endothelial hierarchy. We show that two transcriptionally distinct endothelial populations exist within the aorta and, using two independent trajectory analysis methods, confirm that they represent transitioning cells rather than discrete cell types. Gene co-expression analysis revealed crucial regulatory networks underlying each population, including significant metabolic gene networks in progenitor cells. Using mitochondrial activity assays and phenotyping, we confirm that endovascular progenitors display higher mitochondrial content compared to differentiated endothelial cells. The identities of these populations were further validated against bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from normal and tumor-derived vasculature. Our findings validate the heterogeneity of the aortic endothelium and previously suggested hierarchy between progenitor and differentiated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Lukowski
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jatin Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Stacey B Andersen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Seen-Ling Sim
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Joshua Tay
- Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ingrid Winkler
- Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Farkas S, Simara P, Rehakova D, Veverkova L, Koutna I. Endothelial Progenitor Cells Produced From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by a Synergistic Combination of Cytokines, Small Compounds, and Serum-Free Medium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:309. [PMID: 32509776 PMCID: PMC7249886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that can be used for the treatment of vascular diseases. However, this kind of treatment requires a large amount of EPCs. Therefore, a highly efficient, robust, and easily reproducible differentiation protocol is necessary. We present a novel serum-free differentiation protocol that exploits the synergy of multiple powerful differentiation effectors. Our protocol follows the proper physiological pathway by differentiating EPCs from hPSCs in three phases that mimic in vivo embryonic vascular development. Specifically, hPSCs are differentiated into (i) primitive streak, which is subsequently turned into (ii) mesoderm, which finally differentiates into (iii) EPCs. This differentiation process yields up to 15 differentiated cells per seeded hPSC in 5 days. Endothelial progenitor cells constitute up to 97% of these derived cells. The experiments were performed on the human embryonic stem cell line H9 and six human induced pluripotent stem cell lines generated in our laboratory. Therefore, robustness was verified using many hPSC lines. Two previously established protocols were also adapted and compared to our synergistic three-phase protocol. Increased efficiency and decreased variability were observed for our differentiation protocol in comparison to the other tested protocols. Furthermore, EPCs derived from hPSCs by our protocol expressed the high-proliferative-potential EPC marker CD157 on their surface in addition to the standard EPC surface markers CD31, CD144, CD34, KDR, and CXCR4. Our protocol enables efficient fully defined production of autologous endothelial progenitors for research and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Farkas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Theoretical Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Simara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Theoretical Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniela Rehakova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Veverkova
- I. Surgery Department, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Irena Koutna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Theoretical Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao K, He S, Kumar P, Farmer D, Zhou J, Wang A. Clonal isolation of endothelial colony-forming cells from early gestation chorionic villi of human placenta for fetal tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:123-138. [PMID: 32184937 PMCID: PMC7062038 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have been implicated in the process of vascularization, which includes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is a de novo formation of blood vessels, and is an essential physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels, which is observed both prenatally and postnatally. The placenta is an organ composed of a variety of fetal-derived cells, including ECFCs, and therefore has significant potential as a source of fetal ECFCs for tissue engineering.
AIM To investigate the possibility of isolating clonal ECFCs from human early gestation chorionic villi (CV-ECFCs) of the placenta, and assess their potential for tissue engineering.
METHODS The early gestation chorionic villus tissue was dissociated by enzyme digestion. Cells expressing CD31 were selected using magnetic-activated cell sorting, and plated in endothelial-specific growth medium. After 2-3 wks in culture, colonies displaying cobblestone-like morphology were manually picked using cloning cylinders. We characterized CV-ECFCs by flow cytometry, immunophenotyping, tube formation assay, and Dil-Ac-LDL uptake assay. Viral transduction of CV-ECFCs was performed using a Luciferase/tdTomato-containing lentiviral vector, and transduction efficiency was tested by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Compatibility of CV-ECFCs with a delivery vehicle was determined using an FDA approved, small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix scaffold.
RESULTS After four passages in 6-8 wks of culture, we obtained a total number of 1.8 × 107 CV-ECFCs using 100 mg of early gestational chorionic villus tissue. Immunophenotypic analyses by flow cytometry demonstrated that CV-ECFCs highly expressed the endothelial markers CD31, CD144, CD146, CD105, CD309, only partially expressed CD34, and did not express CD45 and CD90. CV-ECFCs were capable of acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake and tube formation, similar to cord blood-derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs). CV-ECFCs can be transduced with a Luciferase/tdTomato-containing lentiviral vector at a transduction efficiency of 85.1%. Seeding CV-ECFCs on a small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix scaffold confirmed that CV-ECFCs were compatible with the biomaterial scaffold.
CONCLUSION In summary, we established a magnetic sorting-assisted clonal isolation approach to derive CV-ECFCs. A substantial number of CV-ECFCs can be obtained within a short time frame, representing a promising novel source of ECFCs for fetal treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewa Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Siqi He
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Diana Farmer
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95817, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Knöfler M, Haider S, Saleh L, Pollheimer J, Gamage TKJB, James J. Human placenta and trophoblast development: key molecular mechanisms and model systems. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3479-3496. [PMID: 31049600 PMCID: PMC6697717 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal placentation is considered as an underlying cause of various pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, the latter increasing the risk for the development of severe disorders in later life such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms governing human placental formation and trophoblast cell lineage specification and differentiation have been poorly unravelled, mostly due to the lack of appropriate cellular model systems. However, over the past few years major progress has been made by establishing self-renewing human trophoblast stem cells and 3-dimensional organoids from human blastocysts and early placental tissues opening the path for detailed molecular investigations. Herein, we summarize the present knowledge about human placental development, its stem cells, progenitors and differentiated cell types in the trophoblast epithelium and the villous core. Anatomy of the early placenta, current model systems, and critical key regulatory factors and signalling cascades governing placentation will be elucidated. In this context, we will discuss the role of the developmental pathways Wingless and Notch, controlling trophoblast stemness/differentiation and formation of invasive trophoblast progenitors, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knöfler
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 5Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sandra Haider
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 5Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Saleh
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 5Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 5Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teena K J B Gamage
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Eswaramoorthy SD, Dhiman N, Korra G, Oranges CM, Schaefer DJ, Rath SN, Madduri S. Isogenic-induced endothelial cells enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on silk fibroin scaffold. Regen Med 2019; 14:647-661. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated the role of induced endothelial cells (iECs) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/iECs co-culture and assessed their osteogenic ability on silk fibroin nanofiber scaffolds. Methods: The osteogenic differentiation was assessed by the ALP assay, calcium assay and gene expression studies. Results: The osteogenic differentiation of the iECs co-cultures was found to be higher than the MSCs group and proximal to endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultures. Furthermore, the usage of isogenic iECs for co-culture increased the osteogenic and endothelial gene expression. Conclusion: These findings suggest that iECs mimic endothelial cells when co-cultured with MSCs and that one MSCs source can be used to give rise to both MSCs and iECs. The isogenic MSCs/iECs co-culture provides a new option for bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuja D Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285 Telangana, India
| | - Nandini Dhiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285 Telangana, India
| | - Gayathri Korra
- Sri Sai Krishna Multi Specialty Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sangareddy 502001, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Carlo M Oranges
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Subha N Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285 Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic & Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Boss AL, Chamley LW, James JL. Placental formation in early pregnancy: how is the centre of the placenta made? Hum Reprod Update 2019; 24:750-760. [PMID: 30257012 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct development of the placenta is critical to establishing pregnancy and inadequate placentation leads to implantation failure and miscarriage, as well as later gestation pregnancy disorders. Much attention has been focused on the placental trophoblasts and it is clear that the trophoblast lineages arise from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. In contrast, the cells of the placental mesenchyme are thought to arise from the inner cell mass, but the details of this process are limited. Due to ethical constraints and the inaccessibility of very early implantation tissues, our knowledge of early placentation has been largely based on historical histological sections. More recently, stem cell technologies have begun to shed important new light on the origins of the placental mesenchymal lineages. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to amalgamate the older and more modern literature regarding the origins of the non-trophoblast lineages of the human placenta. We highlight ways in which rapidly developing stem cell technologies may shed new light on these crucial peri-implantation events. SEARCH METHODS Relevant articles were identified using the PubMed database and Google Scholar search engines. A pearl growing method was used to expand the scope of papers relevant to the cell differentiation events of non-trophoblast placental lineages. OUTCOMES At the start of pregnancy, cells of the extraembyronic mesoderm migrate to underlie the primitive trophoblast layers forming the first placental villi. The mesenchymal cells in the villus core most likely originate from the hypoblast of the embryo, but whether cells from the epiblast also contribute is yet to be determined. This is important because, following the formation of the villus core, vasculogenesis and haematopoiesis take place in the nascent placenta before it is connected to the embryonic circulation, making it likely that haematopoietic foci, placental macrophages, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells all arise in the placenta de novo. Evidence from the stem cell field indicates that these cells could directly differentiate from the extraembryonic mesoderm. However, the lineage hierarchy involved in cell fate decisions has not been well-established. Mesodermal progenitors capable of differentiating into both vascular and haematopoietic lineages can be derived from human embryonic stem cells, but the identification of such stem cells in the placenta is lacking. Future work profiling rare progenitor populations in early placentae will aid our understanding of early placentation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding the origins of the cell lineages of the normal placenta will help us understand why so many pregnancies fail and address mechanisms that may salvage some of these losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Donovan P, Patel J, Dight J, Wong HY, Sim SL, Murigneux V, Francois M, Khosrotehrani K. Endovascular progenitors infiltrate melanomas and differentiate towards a variety of vascular beds promoting tumor metastasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 30604758 PMCID: PMC6318267 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor vascularization is a hallmark of cancer central to disease progression and metastasis. Current anti-angiogenic therapies have limited success prompting the need to better understand the cellular origin of tumor vessels. Using fate-mapping analysis of endothelial cell populations in melanoma, we report the very early infiltration of endovascular progenitors (EVP) in growing tumors. These cells harbored self-renewal and reactivated the expression of SOX18 transcription factor, initiating a vasculogenic process as single cells, progressing towards a transit amplifying stage and ultimately differentiating into more mature endothelial phenotypes that comprised arterial, venous and lymphatic subtypes within the core of the tumor. Molecular profiling by RNA sequencing of purified endothelial fractions characterized EVPs as quiescent progenitors remodeling the extracellular matrix with significant paracrine activity promoting growth. Functionally, EVPs did not rely on VEGF-A signaling whereas endothelial-specific loss of Rbpj depleted the population and strongly inhibited metastasis. The understanding of endothelial heterogeneity opens new avenues for more effective anti-vascular therapies in cancer. The contribution of endothelial progenitor cells to tumor angiogenesis is controversial. Here, the authors trace the lineage differentiation of endovascular progenitor cells and demonstrate their functional importance in tumor vascularization and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Donovan
- Translational Research Institute, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Jatin Patel
- Translational Research Institute, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia.
| | - James Dight
- Translational Research Institute, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- Translational Research Institute, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Seen-Ling Sim
- Translational Research Institute, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Valentine Murigneux
- Translational Research Institute, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Translational Research Institute, UQ Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|