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Stanczyk FZ, McGough A, Chagam L, Sitruk-Ware R. Metabolism of progestogens used for contraception and menopausal hormone therapy. Steroids 2024; 207:109427. [PMID: 38663566 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A variety of progestogens are widely used by women for contraception and menopausal hormone therapy. The progestogens undergo extensive metabolism by oral and parenteral routes of administration to form many metabolites. Although a small number of metabolites have been shown to be biologically active, most have not been tested for biologic activity. The present review shows that we know most about progesterone metabolism, followed by the metabolism of levonorgestrel and norethindrone. Very few studies have been carried out on metabolism of most of the progestogens. The clinical significance of this deficiency is that those progestogen metabolites that bind to the progesterone receptors may also bind to other steroid receptors and be responsible for some of the well-documented side effects of administered progestogens. We also discuss how obesity and genetic polymorphisms alter progestogen metabolism, and how development of oral progestogen formulations that are targeted to the colon, where the concentration of steroid-metabolizing enzymes is much lower than in the proximal gut, may have a beneficial effect on progestogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alexandra McGough
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Chagam
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
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2
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Huang X, Deng H. Construction of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis based on ferroptosis-related gene AKR1C1 to explore the potential pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38749. [PMID: 38941402 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a cardiovascular disease that seriously threatens human health and brings huge economic burden. At present, its pathogenesis remains unclear and its treatment is limited to surgical treatment. With the deepening and analysis of studies on the mechanism of ferroptosis, a new idea has been provided for the clinical management of AAA patients, including diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Therefore, this paper aims to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory axis based on ferroptosis to preliminarily explore the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of AAA. We obtained upregulated and downregulated ferroptosis-related DEGs (FRGs) from GSE144431 dataset and 60 known ferroptosis-related genes. Pearson correlation analysis was used to find aldoketone reductase 1C (AKR1C1) in AAA samples. Enrichment analysis of these genes was performed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Correlation test between immune cells and AKR1C1 was investigated through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The AKR1C1-miRNA pairs were predicted by the TargetScan database and miRWalk database. Circular RNA (CircRNA)-miRNA pairs were selected by the CircInteractome database. Overlapping miRNA between circRNA-miRNA and AKR1C1-miRNA pairs was visualized by Venn diagram. Finally, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis was constructed by searching for upstream circRNA and downstream mRNA of overlapping miRNA. Only one downregulated AKR1C1 gene was found in GSE144431 and 60 ferroptosis-related genes. Functional Enrichment and Pathway Analysis of AKR1C1-related genes were further explored, and it was observed that they were mainly enriched in "response to oxidative stress," "glutathione biosynthetic process" and "nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process," "Ferroptosis," "Glutathione metabolism" and "Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species." They were also found to be significantly associated with most immune cells, including Activated Dendritic cells, CD56dim Natural killer cells, Gamma Delta T cells, Immature B cells, Plasmacytoid dendritic cell, Type 2 T helper cell, Activated CD4 T cell and Type 1 T helper cell. Has_circ_0005073-miRNA-543 and AKR1C1-miRNA-543 were identified by Online Database analysis. Therefore, we have established the has_circ_0005073/miRNA-543/AKR1C1 axis in AAA. We found AKR1C1 was differentially expressed between normal and AAA groups. Based on AKR1C1, we constructed the has_circ_0005073/miRNA-543/AKR1C1 axis to analyze AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Huang
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huanhuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Andress Huacachino A, Joo J, Narayanan N, Tehim A, Himes BE, Penning TM. Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily website and database: An update. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111111. [PMID: 38878851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily is a large family of proteins found across the kingdoms of life. Shared features of the family include 1) structural similarities such as an (α/β)8-barrel structure, disordered loop structure, cofactor binding site, and a catalytic tetrad, and 2) the ability to catalyze the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) reduced (NAD(P)H)-dependent reduction of a carbonyl group. A criteria of family membership is that the protein must have a measured function, and thus, genomic sequences suggesting the transcription of potential AKR proteins are considered pseudo-members until evidence of a functionally expressed protein is available. Currently, over 200 confirmed AKR superfamily members are reported to exist. A systematic nomenclature for the AKR superfamily exists to facilitate family and subfamily designations of the member to be communicated easily. Specifically, protein names include the root "AKR", followed by the family represented by an Arabic number, the subfamily-if one exists-represented by a letter, and finally, the individual member represented by an Arabic number. The AKR superfamily database has been dedicated to tracking and reporting the current knowledge of the AKRs since 1997, and the website was last updated in 2003. Here, we present an updated version of the website and database that were released in 2023. The database contains genetic, functional, and structural data drawn from various sources, while the website provides alignment information and family tree structure derived from bioinformatics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Andress Huacachino
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA
| | - Jaehyun Joo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA
| | - Nisha Narayanan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA
| | - Anisha Tehim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6061, USA.
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Shukla K, Idanwekhai K, Naradikian M, Ting S, Schoenberger SP, Brunk E. Machine Learning of Three-Dimensional Protein Structures to Predict the Functional Impacts of Genome Variation. J Chem Inf Model 2024. [PMID: 38635316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Research in the human genome sciences generates a substantial amount of genetic data for hundreds of thousands of individuals, which concomitantly increases the number of variants of unknown significance (VUS). Bioinformatic analyses can successfully reveal rare variants and variants with clear associations with disease-related phenotypes. These studies have had a significant impact on how clinical genetic screens are interpreted and how patients are stratified for treatment. There are few, if any, computational methods for variants comparable to biological activity predictions. To address this gap, we developed a machine learning method that uses protein three-dimensional structures from AlphaFold to predict how a variant will influence changes to a gene's downstream biological pathways. We trained state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers to predict which protein regions will most likely impact transcriptional activities of two proto-oncogenes, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2L2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) and c-Myc. We have identified classifiers that attain accuracies higher than 80%, which have allowed us to identify a set of key protein regions that lead to significant perturbations in c-Myc or NRF2 transcriptional pathway activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Kelvin Idanwekhai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Martin Naradikian
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephanie Ting
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth Brunk
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences (IBGS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
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Liu L, Karim Z, Schlörer N, de la Torre X, Botrè F, Zoschke C, Parr MK. Biotransformation of anabolic androgenic steroids in human skin cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 237:106444. [PMID: 38092130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In comparison to well-known drug-metabolizing organs such as the liver, the metabolic capacity of human skin is still not well elucidated despite the widespread use of topical drug application. To gain a comprehensive insight into anabolic steroid metabolism in the skin, six structurally related anabolic androgenic steroids, testosterone, metandienone, methyltestosterone, clostebol, dehydrochloromethyltestosterone, and methylclostebol, were applied to human keratinocytes and fibroblasts derived from the juvenile foreskin. Phase I metabolites obtained from incubation media were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 5α-reductase activity was predominant in the metabolic pathways as supported by the detection of 5α-reduced metabolites after incubation of testosterone, methyltestosterone, clostebol, and methylclostebol. Additionally, the stereochemistry structures of fully reduced metabolites (4α,5α-isomers) of clostebol and methylclostebol were newly confirmed in this study by the help of inhouse synthesized reference materials. The results provide insights into the steroid metabolism in human skin cells with respect to the characteristics of the chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ziaul Karim
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Schlörer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping FMSI, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; REDs - Research and Expertise on Antidoping sciences, ISSUL - Institute de sciences du sport, Université de Lausanne, Synathlon 3224 - Quartier Centre, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department of Veterinary Drugs, Gerichtstr. 49, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Hao S, Shen L, Liu P, Yong Q, Wang Y, Zheng X. Development of a prognostic model for muscle-invasive bladder cancer using glutamine metabolism. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108223. [PMID: 38430744 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is distinguished by its pronounced invasiveness and unfavorable prognosis. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have emerged as key treatment options for various types of cancer. Altered metabolism is a defining characteristic of cancer cells, and there is mounting evidence suggesting the important role of glutamine metabolism (GM) in tumor metabolism. Nevertheless, the relationship between GM and clinical outcomes, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy in MIBC remains unknown. METHODS This study employed Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationship between blood metabolites and bladder tumors. We systematically evaluated 373 glutamine metabolism-related genes and identified prognostic-related genes, leading to the construction of a glutamine-associated prognostic model. Further analysis confirmed the correlation between high and low-risk groups with the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and tumor mutation burden. Subsequently, we assessed the relationship between the risk score and the sensitivity to various immunotherapies and anticancer drugs. RESULTS We identified 14 blood metabolites at the molecular level that have a causal relationship with bladder tumors. At the gene level, the study discussed differentially expressed GM genes in MIBC. First, we established a risk model predicting overall survival (OS) based on GM genes, confirming its reliable predictive ability in MIBC patients and validated it in a GEO cohort. Additionally, a reliable column line chart was created. Secondly, two distinct molecular subtypes were identified, and the associations between different risk groups and tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration were observed. In addition, the predicted risk values correlated with responses to a broad range of pharmaceutical agents. CONCLUSION In summary, we confirmed the causal relationship between blood metabolites and bladder tumors. Furthermore, a risk scoring model related to glutamine metabolism consisting of 9 genes was developed. This model could potentially serve as a useful tool for predicting prognosis and guiding the treatment of MIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Department of Urology, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pengju Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qin Yong
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yeqiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Sanchon-Sanchez P, Herraez E, Macias RIR, Estiu MC, Fortes P, Monte MJ, Marin JJG, Romero MR. Relationship between cholestasis and altered progesterone metabolism in the placenta-maternal liver tandem. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166926. [PMID: 37956602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), there are elevated maternal serum levels of total bile acids, progesterone, and some sulfated metabolites, such as allopregnanolone sulfate, which inhibits canalicular function. AIM To investigate the relationship between cholestasis and the expression of crucial enzymes involved in progesterone metabolism in the liver and placenta. METHODS Obstructive cholestasis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). RT-qPCR (mRNA) and western blot (protein) were used to determine expression levels. Srd5a1 and Akr1c2 enzymatic activities were assayed by substrate disappearance (progesterone and 5α-dihydroprogesterone, respectively), measured by HPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS BDL induced decreased Srd5a1 and Akr1c2 expression and activity in rat liver, whereas both enzymes were up-regulated in rat placenta. Regarding sulfotransferases, Sult2b1 was also moderately up-regulated in the liver. In placenta from ICP patients, SRD5A1 and AKR1C2 expression was elevated, whereas both genes were down-regulated in liver biopsies collected from patients with several liver diseases accompanied by cholestasis. SRD5A1 and AKR1C2 expression was not affected by incubating human hepatoma HepG2 cells with FXR agonists (chenodeoxycholic acid and GW4064). Knocking-out Fxr in mice did not reduce Srd5a1 and Akr1c14 expression, which was similarly down-regulated by BDL. CONCLUSION SRD5A1 and AKR1C2 expression was markedly altered by cholestasis. This was enhanced in the placenta but decreased in the liver, which is not mediated by FXR. These results suggest that the excess of progesterone metabolites in the serum of ICP patients can involve both enhanced placental production and decreased hepatic clearance. The latter may also occur in other cholestatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sanchon-Sanchez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Herraez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C Estiu
- Ramon Sarda Mother's and Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Puri Fortes
- Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Monte
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta R Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Bredendiek F, Parr MK. SFC-MS/MS for orthogonal separation of hydroxylated 17α-methyltestosterone isomers. Drug Test Anal 2023. [PMID: 38048816 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of their performance-enhancing effect, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are often misused in sports. Nearly half of the adverse analytical findings (AAF) in 2022 doping controls are correlated to AAS misuse. Metabolites play a crucial role in the bioanalysis of endogenous and exogenous steroids. Therefore, one important field in antidoping research is the investigation on drug metabolizing and steroidogenic enzymes. The introduction of a hydroxy group is the most common reaction, which is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in phase-I metabolism. Analysis of AAS metabolites is commonly performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems. Laborious sample preparation and extended run times compared to liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods are usually correlated with this type of analysis. On the other hand, liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry (LC-MS[/MS]) methods have a lower separation efficiency than GC-MS methods. Both techniques lack selectivity for hydroxylated 17α-methyltestosterone metabolites. Therefore, as an orthogonal analytical approach, a supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to separate four hydroxy metabolites of 17α-methyltestosterone (2α-/2β-/4-/6β-hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone). This project aimed to get a more in-depth look at the metabolization and analysis of 17α-methyltestosterone and its hydroxylated metabolites. The developed method revealed lower limits of quantitation between 0.6 and 6 ng/ml at an accuracy of 85-115% using a matrix matched calibration. An in vitro study with human liver microsomes shows 6β-hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone as main metabolite (15.9%) as well as the metabolite 2β-hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone (0.5%). The results show that the developed method is sensitive and robust. In addition, the method allows a previously missing discrimination of the hydroxylated metabolites in a short analysis time without prior, complex derivatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bredendiek
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Core Facility BioSupraMol, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Yadav VK, Choudhary N, Gacem A, Verma RK, Abul Hasan M, Tarique Imam M, Almalki ZS, Yadav KK, Park HK, Ghosh T, Kumar P, Patel A, Kalasariya H, Jeon BH, Ali AlMubarak H. Deeper insight into ferroptosis: association with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and brain tumors and their possible treatment by nanomaterials induced ferroptosis. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2269331. [PMID: 38010378 PMCID: PMC11001282 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2269331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an emerging and novel type of iron-dependent programmed cell death which is mainly caused by the excessive deposition of free intracellular iron in the brain cells. This deposited free iron exerts a ferroptosis pathway, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LiPr). There are mainly three ferroptosis pathways viz. iron metabolism-mediated cysteine/glutamate, and LiPr-mediated. Iron is required by the brain as a redox metal for several physiological activities. Due to the iron homeostasis balance disruption, the brain gets adversely affected which further causes neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, strokes, and brain tumors like glioblastoma (GBS), and glioma. Nanotechnology has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of these NDDs. A synergistic effect of nanomaterials and ferroptosis could prove to be an effective and efficient approach in the field of nanomedicine. In the current review, the authors have highlighted all the latest research in the field of ferroptosis, specifically emphasizing on the role of major molecular key players and various mechanisms involved in the ferroptosis pathway. Moreover, here the authors have also addressed the correlation of ferroptosis with the pathophysiology of NDDs and theragnostic effect of ferroptosis and nanomaterials for the prevention and treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Nisha Choudhary
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Rakesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, India
| | - Mohd Abul Hasan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Saeed Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tathagata Ghosh
- Department of Arts, School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Haresh Kalasariya
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Ali AlMubarak
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Šestić TL, Ajduković JJ, Bekić SS, Ćelić AS, Stojanović ST, Najman SJ, Marinović MA, Petri ET, Škorić DĐ, Savić MP. Novel D-modified heterocyclic androstane derivatives as potential anticancer agents: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in silico studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106362. [PMID: 37451557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health concern worldwide. The most frequently diagnosed types of cancer are caused by abnormal production or action of steroid hormones. In the present study, the synthesis and structural characterization of new heterocyclic androstane derivatives with D-homo lactone, 17α-(pyridine-2''-ylmethyl) or 17(E)-(pyridine-2''-ylmethylidene) moiety are presented. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity against HeLa cervical cancer cell line and non-cancerous kidney MDCK cells, where A-homo lactam compound 9A showed the greatest selectivity. Based on in vitro binding assays, N-formyl lactam compound 18 appeared to be the strong and isoform-selective ligand for ERα, while compound 9A displayed binding affinity for the GR-LBD, but also inhibited aldo-keto reductase 1C4 enzyme. Out of four selected compounds, methylpyrazolo derivative 13 showed potential for aromatase binding, while in silico studies provided insight into experimentally confirmed protein-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Lj Šestić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana J Ajduković
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Sofija S Bekić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Andjelka S Ćelić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja T Stojanović
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia
| | - Stevo J Najman
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia; Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia
| | - Maja A Marinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edward T Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Đ Škorić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marina P Savić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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11
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Mokhlesi A, Sharifi Z, Berimipour A, Taleahmad S, Talkhabi M. Identification of hub genes and microRNAs with prognostic values in esophageal cancer by integrated analysis. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:459-470. [PMID: 37416747 PMCID: PMC10319852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer in the world, and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The aim of the present study was to identify cell and molecular mechanisms involved in EC, and to provide the potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. Here, a microarray dataset (GSE20347) was screened to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Different bioinformatic methods were used to analyze the identified DEGs. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly involved in different biological processes and pathways including extracellular matrix organization and ECM-receptor interaction. FN1, CDK1, AURKA, TOP2A, FOXM1, BIRC5, CDC6, UBE2C, TTK, and TPX2 were identified as the most important genes among the up-regulated DEGs. Our analysis showed that has-miR-29a-3p, has-miR-29b-3p, has-miR-29c-3p, and has-miR-767-5p had the largest number of common targets among the up-regulated DEGs. These findings strengthen the understanding of EC development and progression, as well as representing potential markers for EC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mokhlesi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sharifi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Berimipour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Talkhabi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Guo Z, Ma Y, Wang Y, Xiang H, Cui H, Fan Z, Zhu Y, Xing D, Chen B, Tao H, Guo Z, Wu X. Identification and validation of metabolism-related genes signature and immune infiltration landscape of rheumatoid arthritis based on machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3807-3825. [PMID: 37166429 PMCID: PMC10449312 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes irreversible joint damage, but the pathogenesis is unknown. Therefore, it is crucial to identify diagnostic biomarkers of RA metabolism-related genes (MRGs). This study obtained transcriptome data from healthy individuals (HC) and RA patients from the GEO database. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and random forest (RF) algorithms were adopted to identify the diagnostic feature biomarker for RA. In addition, biomarkers were verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. We established a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which was confirmed by HE staining and bone structure micro-CT analysis, and then further verified the biomarkers by immunofluorescence. In vitro NMR analysis was used to analyze and identify possible metabolites. The correlation of diagnostic feature biomarkers and immune cells was performed using the Spearman-rank correlation algorithm. In this study, a total of 434 DE-MRGs were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the DE-MRGs were significantly enriched in small molecules, catabolic process, purine metabolism, carbon metabolism, and inositol phosphate metabolism. AKR1C3, MCEE, POLE4, and PFKM were identified through WGCNA, LASSO, and RF algorithms. The nomogram result should have a significant diagnostic capacity of four biomarkers in RA. Immune infiltration landscape analysis revealed a significant difference in immune cells between HC and RA groups. Our findings suggest that AKR1C3, MCEE, POLE4, and PFKM were identified as potential diagnostic feature biomarkers associated with RA's immune cell infiltrations, providing a new perspective for future research and clinical management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuanye Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongfei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huifei Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zuoran Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Youfu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bohua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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13
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Nie Z, Gao Y, Chen M, Peng Y, Guo N, Cao H, Huang D, Gao X, Zhang S. Genome-Wide Screening Identifies Gene AKR1C1 Critical for Resistance to Pirarubicin in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092487. [PMID: 37173953 PMCID: PMC10177075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common tumor of the urinary system. Given its high rates of recurrence, progression, and drug resistance, NMIBC seriously affects the quality of life and limits the survival time of patients. Pirarubicin (THP) is a bladder infusion chemotherapy drug recommended by the guidelines for NMIBC. Although the widespread use of THP reduces the recurrence rate of NMIBC, 10-50% of patients still suffer from tumor recurrence, which is closely related to tumor resistance to chemotherapy drugs. This study was performed to screen the critical genes causing THP resistance in bladder cancer cell lines by using the CRISPR/dCas9-SAM system. Thus, AKR1C1 was screened. Results showed that the high expression of AKR1C1 could enhance the drug resistance of bladder cancer to THP both in vivo and in vitro. This gene could reduce the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resist THP-induced apoptosis. However, AKR1C1 did not affect the proliferation, invasion, or migration of the bladder cancer cells. Aspirin, which is an AKR1C1 inhibitor, could help reduce the drug resistance caused by AKR1C1. After receiving THP treatment, the bladder cancer cell lines could upregulate the expression of the AKR1C1 gene through the ROS/KEAP1/NRF2 pathway, leading to resistance to THP treatment. Using tempol, which is an inhibitor of ROS, could prevent the upregulation of AKR1C1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Nie
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Yuanhui Gao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Yanling Peng
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Na Guo
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Denggao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
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14
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Xie Z, Zhou Q, Qiu C, Zhu D, Li K, Huang H. Inaugurating a novel adjuvant therapy in urological cancers: Ferroptosis. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:127-140. [PMID: 38328400 PMCID: PMC10846326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a distinctive form of programmed cell death, is involved in numerous diseases with specific characteristics, including certain cell morphology, functions, biochemistry, and genetics, that differ from other forms of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis. Many studies have explored ferroptosis and its associated mechanisms, drugs, and clinical applications in diseases such as kidney injury, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of some ferroptosis inducers, such as enzalutamide and erastin. These are current research focuses and have already been studied extensively. In summary, this review focuses on the use of ferroptosis induction as a therapeutic strategy for treating tumors of the urinary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dingjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
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15
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Basit A, Amory JK, Mettu VS, Li CY, Heyward S, Jariwala PB, Redinbo MR, Prasad B. Relevance of Human Aldoketoreductases and Microbial β-Glucuronidases in Testosterone Disposition. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:427-435. [PMID: 36623880 PMCID: PMC10043941 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone exhibits high variability in pharmacokinetics and glucuronidation after oral administration. Although testosterone metabolism has been studied for decades, the impact of UGT2B17 gene deletion and the role of gut bacterial β-glucuronidases on its disposition are not well characterized. We first performed an exploratory study to investigate the effect of UGT2B17 gene deletion on the global liver proteome, which revealed significant increases in proteins from multiple biological pathways. The most upregulated liver proteins were aldoketoreductases [AKR1D1, AKR1C4, AKR7A3, AKR1A1, and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7)] and alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenases (ADH6, ADH1C, ALDH1A1, ALDH9A1, and ALDH5A). In vitro assays revealed that AKR1D1 and AKR1C4 inactivate testosterone to 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT) and 3α,5β-tetrahydrotestosterone (3α,5β-THT), respectively. These metabolites also appeared in human hepatocytes treated with testosterone and in human serum collected after oral testosterone dosing in men. Our data also suggest that 5β-DHT and 3α, 5β-THT are then eliminated through glucuronidation by UGT2B7 in UGT2B17 deletion individuals. Second, we evaluated the potential reactivation of testosterone glucuronide (TG) after its secretion into the intestinal lumen. Incubation of TG with purified gut microbial β-glucuronidase enzymes and with human fecal extracts confirmed testosterone reactivation into testosterone by gut bacterial enzymes. Both testosterone metabolic switching and variable testosterone activation by gut microbial enzymes are important mechanisms for explaining the disposition of orally administered testosterone and appear essential to unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying UGT2B17-associated pathophysiological conditions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study investigated the association of UGT2B17 gene deletion and gut bacterial β-glucuronidases with testosterone disposition in vitro. The experiments revealed upregulation of AKR1D1 and AKR1C4 in UGT2B17 deletion individuals, and the role of these enzymes to inactivate testosterone to 5β-dihydrotestosterone and 3α, 5β-tetrahydrotestosterone, respectively. Key gut bacterial species responsible for testosterone glucuronide activation were identified. These data are important for explaining the disposition of exogenously administered testosterone and appear essential to unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying UGT2B17-associated pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (A.B., V.S.M., B.P.); Departments of Medicine (J.K.A.) and Pharmaceutics (C.Y.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland (S.H.); and Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (P.B.J., M.R.R.)
| | - John K Amory
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (A.B., V.S.M., B.P.); Departments of Medicine (J.K.A.) and Pharmaceutics (C.Y.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland (S.H.); and Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (P.B.J., M.R.R.)
| | - Vijaya Saradhi Mettu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (A.B., V.S.M., B.P.); Departments of Medicine (J.K.A.) and Pharmaceutics (C.Y.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland (S.H.); and Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (P.B.J., M.R.R.)
| | - Cindy Yanfei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (A.B., V.S.M., B.P.); Departments of Medicine (J.K.A.) and Pharmaceutics (C.Y.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland (S.H.); and Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (P.B.J., M.R.R.)
| | - Scott Heyward
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (A.B., V.S.M., B.P.); Departments of Medicine (J.K.A.) and Pharmaceutics (C.Y.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland (S.H.); and Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (P.B.J., M.R.R.)
| | - Parth B Jariwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (A.B., V.S.M., B.P.); Departments of Medicine (J.K.A.) and Pharmaceutics (C.Y.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland (S.H.); and Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (P.B.J., M.R.R.)
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (A.B., V.S.M., B.P.); Departments of Medicine (J.K.A.) and Pharmaceutics (C.Y.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland (S.H.); and Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (P.B.J., M.R.R.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (A.B., V.S.M., B.P.); Departments of Medicine (J.K.A.) and Pharmaceutics (C.Y.L.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; BioIVT Inc., Baltimore, Maryland (S.H.); and Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Microbiology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (P.B.J., M.R.R.)
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16
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Szukiewicz D. Aberrant epigenetic regulation of estrogen and progesterone signaling at the level of endometrial/endometriotic tissue in the pathomechanism of endometriosis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:193-235. [PMID: 36863794 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a term referring to a condition whereby the endometrial tissue is found outside the uterine cavity. This progressive and debilitating condition affects up to 15% of women of reproductive age. Due to the fact that endometriosis cells may express estrogen receptors (ERα, Erβ, GPER) and progesterone (P4) receptors (PR-A, PR-B), their growth, cyclic proliferation, and breakdown are similar to the processes occurring in the endometrium. The underlying etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are still not fully explained. The retrograde transport of viable menstrual endometrial cells with the retained ability to attach within the pelvic cavity, proliferate, differentiate and invade into the surrounding tissue explains the most widely accepted implantation theory. Endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) with clonogenic potential constitute the most abundant population of cells within endometrium that resemble the properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Accordingly, formation of the endometriotic foci in endometriosis may be due to a kind of EnSCs dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates the underestimated role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hormone-mediated epigenetic modifications of the genome in EnSCs or even MSCs were attributed an important role in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The roles of excess estrogen exposure and P4 resistance were also found to be crucial in the development of epigenetic homeostasis failure. Therefore, the aim of this review was to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the epigenetic background of EnSCs and MSCs and the changed properties due to estrogen/P4 imbalances in the context of the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Zhou Y, Lin Y, Li W, Liu Q, Gong H, Li Y, Luo D. Expression of AKRs superfamily and prognostic in human gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33041. [PMID: 36827074 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The human aldo-keto reductase (AKRs) superfamily is involved in the development of various tumors. However, the different expression patterns of AKRs and their prognostic value in gastric cancer (GC) have not been clarified. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression and gene methylation level of AKRs in GC patients and the survival data and immune infiltration based on AKRs expression, using data from different databases. We found that the expression levels of AKR1B10, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, and AKR7A3 in GC tissues were lower and the expression level of AKR6A5 was higher in GC tissues than in normal tissue. These differentially expressed genes (AKR1B10, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR7A3, and AKR6A5) were significantly correlated with the infiltration level. The expression of SPI1 and AKR6A5 in GC was positively correlated. Survival analysis showed that GC levels of AKR6A5 reduced or increased mRNA levels of AKR7A3, and AKR1B10 was expected to have higher overall survival (OS), first progression (FP) survival, and postprogression survival (PPS) rates and a better prognosis. Moreover, the expression of AKR1B1 was found to be correlated with the staging of GC. The methylation of AKR6A5 (KCNAB2) at cg05307871 and cg01907457 was significantly associated with the classification of GC. Meta-analysis and ROC curve analysis show that the expression level of AKR1B1 and the methylation of cg16156182 (KCNAB1), cg11194299 (KCNAB2), cg16132520 (AKR1B1), and cg13801416 (AKR1B1) had a high hazard ratio and a good prognostic value. These data suggest that the expression and methylation of AKR1B1 and AKR6A5 are significantly related to the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Laboratory Medicine Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, China
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18
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Li C, Li S, Yang C, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Su Z, Ming W, Zeng L, Ma Y, Shi Y, Kang X. Blood transcriptome reveals immune and metabolic-related genes involved in growth of pasteurized colostrum-fed calves. Front Genet 2023; 14:1075950. [PMID: 36814903 PMCID: PMC9939824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1075950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of colostrum is a key factor contributing to healthy calf growth, and pasteurization of colostrum can effectively reduce the counts of pathogenic microorganisms present in the colostrum. Physiological changes in calves fed with pasteurized colostrum have been well characterized, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, key genes and functional pathways through which pasteurized colostrum affects calf growth were identified through whole blood RNA sequencing. Our results showed that calves in the pasteurized group (n = 16) had higher body height and daily weight gain than those in the unpasteurized group (n = 16) in all months tested. Importantly, significant differences in body height were observed at 3 and 4 months of age (p < 0.05), and in daily weight gain at 2, 3, and 6 months of age (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Based on whole blood transcriptome data from 6-months old calves, 630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 235 were upregulated and 395 downregulated, were identified in the pasteurized compared to the unpasteurized colostrum groups. Most of the DEGs have functions in the immune response (e.g., CCL3, CXCL3, and IL1A) and metabolism (e.g., PTX3 and EXTL1). Protein-protein interaction analyses of DEGs revealed three key subnetworks and fifteen core genes, including UBA52 and RPS28, that have roles in protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and inflammatory responses. Twelve co-expression modules were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Among them, 17 genes in the two modules that significantly associated with pasteurization were mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, NF-kappa B signaling, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Finally, DEGs that underwent alternative splicing in calves fed pasteurized colostrum have roles in the immune response (SLCO4A1, AKR1C4, and MED13L), indicative of potential roles in immune regulation. Results from multiple analytical methods used suggest that differences in calf growth between the pasteurized and unpasteurized groups may be due to differential immune activity. Our data provide new insights into the impact of pasteurization on calf immune and metabolic-related pathways through its effects on gene expression.
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Liu C, Hong T, Yu L, Chen Y, Wang S, Ren Z. Single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing uncovers the molecular and cellular characteristics in the musk gland of Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). FASEB J 2023; 37:e22742. [PMID: 36583723 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201372r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese forest musk deer (FMD; Moschus berezovskii) is an endangered artiodactyl mammal. Musk secreted by the musk gland of male has extremely high economic and medicinal value. However, the molecular and cellular characteristics of the musk gland have not been studied. Here, we investigated the diversity and transcriptional composition of musk gland cell types and the effect of cell type-specific chromatin accessibility on gene expression using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and single-nucleus ATAC sequencing (snATAC-seq) association analysis. Based on uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) analysis, we identified 13 cell types from the musk gland, which included two different acinar cells (cluster 0 and cluster 10). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that many pathways related to musk secretion were enriched in acinar cells. Our analysis also revealed acinar cell core transcription factors and core target genes, and further constructed acinar cell-specific regulatory networks. In cluster 0, 11 core target genes (Nedd4l, Adcy9, Akr1c1, Vapb, Me1, Acsl1, Acss3, Srd5a1, Scnn1a, Acadm, and Nceh1) possibly related to musk secretion were regulated by 24 core transcription factors (SP3, NFIC, NR6A1, EHF, RUNX1, TFAP2A, RREB1, GRHL2, NFIB, ELF1, MAX, KLF5, REL, HES1, POU2F3, TFDP1, NR2C1, ATF7, MEIS1, NR4A2, NFIA, PBX1, ZNF652, and NFKB1). In cluster 10, four core target genes (Akr1c1, Pcca, Atp1b1, and Sgk1) possibly related to musk secretion were regulated by 10 core transcription factors (BARX2, EHF, PBX1, RUNX1, NFIB, FOXP1, KLF3, KLF6, ETV6, and NR3C2). Moreover, the credibility of snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq data was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Finally, cell communication analysis demonstrated that the two types of acinar cells mainly have communications in musk secretion-related processes. In conclusion, we provided important insights and invaluable resources for the molecular and cellular characteristics of the musk gland, which will lay a foundation for the study of musk secretion mechanism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingting Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lin Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhanjun Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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20
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Sahoo DK, Chainy GBN. Hormone-linked redox status and its modulation by antioxidants. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 121:197-246. [PMID: 36707135 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hormones have been considered as key factors involved in the maintenance of the redox status of the body. We are making considerable progress in understanding interactions between the endocrine system, redox status, and oxidative stress with the dynamics of life, which encompasses fertilization, development, growth, aging, and various pathophysiological states. One of the reasons for changes in redox states of vertebrates leading to oxidative stress scenario is the disruption of the endocrine system. Comprehending the dynamics of hormonal status to redox state and oxidative stress in living systems is challenging. It is more difficult to come to a unifying conclusion when some hormones exhibit oxidant properties while others have antioxidant features. There is a very limited approach to correlate alteration in titers of hormones with redox status and oxidative stress with growth, development, aging, and pathophysiological stress. The situation is further complicated when considering various tissues and sexes in vertebrates. This chapter discusses the beneficial impacts of hormones with antioxidative properties, such as melatonin, glucagon, insulin, estrogens, and progesterone, which protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce pathophysiological effects. Additionally, we discuss the protective effects of antioxidants like vitamins A, E, and C, curcumin, tempol, N-acetyl cysteine, α-lipoic acid, date palm pollen extract, resveratrol, and flavonoids on oxidative stress triggered by hormones such as aldosterone, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, and catecholamines. Inflammation, pathophysiology, and the aging process can all be controlled by understanding how antioxidants and hormones operate together to maintain cellular redox status. Identifying the hormonal changes and the action of antioxidants may help in developing new therapeutic strategies for hormonal imbalance-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa States University, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Gagan B N Chainy
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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21
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Shutevska K, Zhivikj Z, Dimkovski A, Geshkovski N, Petreska Ivanovska T, Kadifkova Panovska T, Kapedanovska Nestorovska A. The importance of AKR1D1 enzyme in drug metabolism. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Shutevska
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Zoran Zhivikj
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimkovski
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Geshkovski
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Tanja Petreska Ivanovska
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Tatjana Kadifkova Panovska
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Applied Biochemistry, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Kapedanovska Nestorovska
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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22
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Taravella Oill AM, Buetow KH, Wilson MA. The role of Neanderthal introgression in liver cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:255. [PMID: 36503519 PMCID: PMC9743633 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neanderthal introgressed DNA has been linked to different normal and disease traits including immunity and metabolism-two important functions that are altered in liver cancer. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between Neanderthal introgression and liver cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Neanderthal introgression and liver cancer risk. METHODS Using germline and somatic DNA and tumor RNA from liver cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas, along with ancestry-match germline DNA from unaffected individuals from the 1000 Genomes Resource, and allele specific expression data from normal liver tissue from The Genotype-Tissue Expression project we investigated whether Neanderthal introgression impacts cancer etiology. Using a previously generated set of Neanderthal alleles, we identified Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes. We then tested whether somatic mutations are enriched or depleted on Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes compared to modern haplotypes. We also computationally assessed whether somatic mutations have a functional effect or show evidence of regulating expression of Neanderthal haplotypes. Finally, we compared patterns of Neanderthal introgression in liver cancer patients and the general population. RESULTS We find Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes exhibit an excess of somatic mutations compared to modern haplotypes. Variant Effect Predictor analysis revealed that most of the somatic mutations on these Neanderthal introgressed haplotypes are not functional. We did observe expression differences of Neanderthal alleles between tumor and normal for four genes that also showed a pattern of enrichment of somatic mutations on Neanderthal haplotypes. However, gene expression was similar between liver cancer patients with modern ancestry and liver cancer patients with Neanderthal ancestry at these genes. Provocatively, when analyzing all genes, we find evidence of Neanderthal introgression regulating expression in tumor from liver cancer patients in two genes, ARK1C4 and OAS1. Finally, we find that most genes do not show a difference in the proportion of Neanderthal introgression between liver cancer patients and the general population. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Neanderthal introgression provides opportunity for somatic mutations to accumulate, and that some Neanderthal introgression may impact liver cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Taravella Oill
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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23
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The prognosis of lipid reprogramming with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, rosuvastatin, in castrated Egyptian prostate cancer patients: Randomized trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278282. [PMID: 36480560 PMCID: PMC9731457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The role of surgical castration and rosuvastatin treatment on lipid profile and lipid metabolism related markers was evaluated for their prognostic significance in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) patients. METHODS A total of 84 newly diagnosed castrated mPC patients treated with castration were recruited and divided into two groups: Group I served as control (statin non-users) while group II treated with Rosuvastatin (20 mg/day) for 6 months and served as statin users. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Caveolin-1 (CAV1), lipid profile (LDL, HDL, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC)) and lipid metabolism related markers (aldoketoreductase (AKR1C4), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and soluble low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (SLDLRP1)) were measured at baseline, after 3 and 6 months. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and COX regression for prognostic significance. RESULTS Before castration, HMG-CoA reductase was elevated in patients <65 years (P = 0.009). Bone metastasis was associated with high PSA level (P = 0.013), but low HMGCR (P = 0.004). Patients with positive family history for prostate cancer showed high levels of EGFR, TG, TC, LDL, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but low AKR1C4, SLDLRP1, CAV1 and ABCA-1 levels. Smokers had high CAV1 level (P = 0.017). After 6 months of castration and rosuvastatin administration, PSA, TG, LDL and TC were significantly reduced, while AKR1C4, HMGCR, SLDLRP1, CAV1 and ABCA-1 were significantly increased. Overall survival was reduced in patients with high baseline of SLDLRP1 (>3385 pg/ml, P = 0.001), PSA (>40 ng/ml, P = 0.003) and CAV1 (>4955 pg/ml, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION Results of the current study suggest that the peripheral lipidogenic effects of rosuvastatin may have an impact on the treatment outcome and survival of castrated mPC patients. TRAIL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry with identification number PACTR202102664354163 and at ClinicalTrials.gov with identification number NCT04776889.
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24
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Rosato E, Sciarra F, Anastasiadou E, Lenzi A, Venneri MA. Revisiting the physiological role of androgens in women. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:547-561. [PMID: 36352537 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2144834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extensive research underlines the critical functions of androgens in females. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of their action are poorly understood. Here, we review the existing literature regarding the physiological role of androgens in women throughout life. AREAS COVERED Several studies show that androgen receptors (ARs) are broadly expressed in numerous female tissues. They are essential for many physiological processes, including reproductive, sexual, cardiovascular, bone, muscle, and brain health. They are also involved in adipose tissue and liver function. Androgen levels change with the menstrual cycle and decrease in the first decades of life, independently of menopause. EXPERT OPINION To date, studies are limited by including small numbers of women, the difficulty of dosing androgens, and their cyclical variations. In particular, whether androgens play any significant role in regulating the establishment of pregnancy is poorly understood. The neural functions of ARs have also been investigated less thoroughly, although it is expressed at high levels in brain structures. Moreover, the mechanism underlying the decline of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) with age is unclear. Other factors, including estrogen's effect on adrenal androgen production, reciprocal regulation of ARs, and non-classical effects of androgens, remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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25
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Gjorgoska M, Rizner TL. Integration of androgen hormones in endometrial cancer biology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:639-651. [PMID: 35879182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a gynecological pathology that affects the uterine inner lining. In recent years, genomic studies revealed continually evolving mutational landscapes of endometrial tumors that hold great potential for tailoring therapeutic strategies. This review aims to broaden our knowledge of EC biology by focusing on the role of androgen hormones. First, we discuss epidemiological evidence implicating androgens with EC pathogenesis and cover their biosynthesis and metabolism to bioactive 11-oxyandrogens. Next, we explore the endometrial tumor tissue and the altered microbiota as alternative sources of androgens and their 11-oxymetabolites in EC patients. Finally, we discuss the biological significance of androgens' genomic and nongenomic signaling as part of a medley of pathways ultimately deciding the fate of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Gjorgoska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanisnik Rizner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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26
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Metastatic triple negative breast cancer adapts its metabolism to destination tissues while retaining key metabolic signatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205456119. [PMID: 35994654 PMCID: PMC9436376 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205456119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic progress in cancer treatment, the metastatic establishment of cancers at distant organs remains the major cause of mortality in patients with solid tumors. The past decade has brought several advances in the understanding of metabolic phenotypes of tumors that are different from their adjacent nonmalignant tissues. Just recently, attention has been drawn to the fact that metastasizing tumor cells can display dynamic metabolic changes to survive in their changing microenvironment during the metastatic cascade. Here, we perform a comprehensive investigation of the extent of adaptation of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to their new microenvironment in the distant tissues. This study could reveal new therapeutic windows for developing more effective treatments of metastatic tumors. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastases are assumed to exhibit similar functions in different organs as in the original primary tumor. However, studies of metastasis are often limited to a comparison of metastatic tumors with primary tumors of their origin, and little is known about the adaptation to the local environment of the metastatic sites. We therefore used transcriptomic data and metabolic network analyses to investigate whether metastatic tumors adapt their metabolism to the metastatic site and found that metastatic tumors adopt a metabolic signature with some similarity to primary tumors of their destinations. The extent of adaptation, however, varies across different organs, and metastatic tumors retain metabolic signatures associated with TNBC. Our findings suggest that a combination of anti-metastatic approaches and metabolic inhibitors selected specifically for different metastatic sites, rather than solely targeting TNBC primary tumors, may constitute a more effective treatment approach.
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27
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Murillo MI, Gaiddon C, Le Lagadec R. Targeting of the intracellular redox balance by metal complexes towards anticancer therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:967337. [PMID: 36034648 PMCID: PMC9405673 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.967337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancers is often linked to the alteration of essential redox processes, and therefore, oxidoreductases involved in such mechanisms can be considered as attractive molecular targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. On the other hand, for more than two decades, transition metals derivatives have been leading the research on drugs as alternatives to platinum-based treatments. The success of such compounds is particularly due to their attractive redox kinetics properties, favorable oxidation states, as well as routes of action different to interactions with DNA, in which redox interactions are crucial. For instance, the activity of oxidoreductases such as PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein) which can regulate angiogenesis in tumors, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) related to glycolysis, and enzymes, such as catalases, SOD (superoxide dismutase), TRX (thioredoxin) or GSH (glutathione) involved in controlling oxidative stress, can be altered by metal effectors. In this review, we wish to discuss recent results on how transition metal complexes have been rationally designed to impact on redox processes, in search for effective and more specific cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Murillo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Strasbourg Université, Inserm UMR_S U1113, IRFAC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ronan Le Lagadec,
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28
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Kljun J, Pavlič R, Hafner E, Lipec T, Moreno-Da Silva S, Tič P, Turel I, Büdefeld T, Stojan J, Rižner TL. Ruthenium complexes show potent inhibition of AKR1C1, AKR1C2, and AKR1C3 enzymes and anti-proliferative action against chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell line. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:920379. [PMID: 36034868 PMCID: PMC9403717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.920379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the synthesis, kinetic studies of inhibitory activity toward aldo-keto reductase 1C (AKR1C) enzymes, and anticancer potential toward chemoresistant ovarian cancer of 10 organoruthenium compounds bearing diketonate (1–6) and hydroxyquinolinate (7–10) chelating ligands with the general formula [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(chel)(X)]n+ where chel represents the chelating ligand and X the chlorido or pta ligand. Our studies show that these compounds are potent inhibitors of the AKR enzymes with an uncommon inhibitory mechanism, where two inhibitor molecules bind to the enzyme in a first fast and reversible step and a second slower and irreversible step. The binding potency of each step is dependent on the chemical structure of the monodentate ligands in the metalloinhibitors with the chlorido complexes generally acting as reversible inhibitors and pta complexes as irreversible inhibitors. Our study also shows that compounds 1–9 have a moderate yet better anti-proliferative and anti-migration action on the chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell line COV362 compared to carboplatin and similar effects to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kljun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Renata Pavlič
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Hafner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Lipec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Moreno-Da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Primož Tič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Turel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Iztok Turel, ; Tea Lanišnik Rižner,
| | - Tomaž Büdefeld
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Stojan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Iztok Turel, ; Tea Lanišnik Rižner,
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29
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Šrajer Gajdošik M, Kovač Peić A, Begić M, Grbčić P, Brilliant KE, Hixson DC, Josić D. Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatotoxicity of Acetaminophen. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8870. [PMID: 36012131 PMCID: PMC9408656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined proteomic profiles of rat liver extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed following treatment with a sub-toxic dose (500 mg/kg) of the pain reliever drug, acetaminophen (APAP). EVs representing the entire complement of hepatic cells were isolated after perfusion of the intact liver and analyzed with LC-MS/MS. The investigation was focused on revealing the function and cellular origin of identified EVs proteins shed by different parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells and their possible role in an early response of this organ to a toxic environment. Comparison of EV proteomic profiles from control and APAP-treated animals revealed significant differences. Alpha-1-macroglobulin and members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily were highly abundant proteins in EVs shed by the normal liver. In contrast, proteins like aminopeptidase N, metalloreductase STEAP4, different surface antigens like CD14 and CD45, and most members of the annexin family were detected only in EVs that were shed by livers of APAP-treated animals. In EVs from treated livers, there was almost a complete disappearance of members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and a major decrease in other enzymes involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics. Additionally, there were proteins that predominated in non-parenchymal liver cells and in the extracellular matrix, like fibronectin, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, and endothelial type gp91. These differences indicate that even treatment with a sub-toxic concentration of APAP initiates dramatic perturbation in the function of this vital organ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Begić
- Faculty of Medicine, University Juraj Dobrila of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Petra Grbčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University Juraj Dobrila of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Kate E. Brilliant
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Douglas C. Hixson
- Proteomics Core, COBRE CCRD, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Djuro Josić
- Faculty of Medicine, University Juraj Dobrila of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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30
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Endo S, Morikawa Y, Matsunaga T, Hara A, Nishinaka T. Porcine aldo-keto reductase 1C subfamily members AKR1C1 and AKR1C4: Substrate specificity, inhibitor sensitivity and activators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106113. [PMID: 35398259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1 C subfamily are hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs). Similarly to humans, four genes for AKR1C proteins (AKR1C1-AKR1C4) have been identified in the pig, which is a suitable species for biomedical research model of human diseases and optimal organ donor for xenotransplantation. Previous study suggested that, among the porcine AKR1Cs, AKR1C1 and AKR1C4 play important roles in steroid hormone metabolism in the reproductive tissues; however, their biological functions are still unknown. Herein, we report the biochemical properties of the two recombinant enzymes. Kinetic and product analyses of steroid specificity indicated that AKR1C1 is a multi-specific reductase, which acts as 3α-HSD for 3-keto-5β-dihydro-C19/C21-steroids, 3β-HSD for 3-keto-5α-dihydro-C19-steroids including androstenone, 17β-HSD for 17-keto-C19-steroids including estrone, and 20α-HSD for progesterone, showing Km values of 0.5-11 µM. By contrast, AKR1C4 exhibited only 3α-HSD activity for 3-keto groups of 5α/β-dihydro-C19-steroids, 5β-dihydro-C21-steroids and bile acids (Km: 1.0-1.9 µM). AKR1C1 and AKR1C4 also showed broad substrate specificity for nonsteroidal carbonyl compounds including endogenous 4-oxo-2-nonenal, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, acrolein, isocaproaldehyde, farnesal, isatin and methylglyoxal, of which 4-oxo-2-nonenal was reduced with the lowest Km value of 0.9 µM. Moreover, AKR1C1 had the characteristic of reducing aliphatic ketones and all-trans-retinal. The enzymes were inhibited by flavonoids, synthetic estrogens, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triterpenoids and phenolphthalein, whereas only AKR1C4 was activated by bromosulfophthalein. These results suggest that AKR1C1 and AKR1C4 function as 3α/3β/17β/20α-HSD and 3α-HSD, respectively, in metabolism of steroid hormones and a sex pheromone androstenone, both of which also play roles in metabolism of nonsteroidal carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Morikawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu 500-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toru Nishinaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka-Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
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Space- and Time-Resolved Metabolomics of a High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092262. [PMID: 35565391 PMCID: PMC9104348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dismally low survival rate of ovarian cancer patients diagnosed with high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) emphasizes the lack of effective screening strategies. One major obstacle is the limited knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of HGSC pathogenesis at very early stages. Here, we present the first 10-month time-resolved serum metabolic profile of a triple mutant (TKO) HGSC mouse model, along with the spatial lipidome profile of its entire reproductive system. A high-coverage liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach was applied to longitudinally collected serum samples from both TKO (n = 15) and TKO control mice (n = 15), tracking metabolome and lipidome changes from premalignant stages to tumor initiation, early stages, and advanced stages until mouse death. Time-resolved analysis showed specific temporal trends for 17 lipid classes, amino acids, and TCA cycle metabolites, associated with HGSC progression. Spatial lipid distributions within the reproductive system were also mapped via ultrahigh-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and compared with serum lipid profiles for various lipid classes. Altogether, our results show that the remodeling of lipid and fatty acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, TCA cycle and ovarian steroidogenesis are critical components of HGSC onset and development. These metabolic alterations are accompanied by changes in energy metabolism, mitochondrial and peroxisomal function, redox homeostasis, and inflammatory response, collectively supporting tumorigenesis.
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Marinović M, Petri E, Grbović L, Vasiljević B, Jovanović-Šanta S, Bekić S, Ćelić A. Investigation of the potential of bile acid methyl esters as inhibitors of aldo-keto reductase 1C2: insight from molecular docking, virtual screening, experimental assays and molecular dynamics. Mol Inform 2022; 41:e2100256. [PMID: 35393780 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase 1C isoforms catalyze reduction of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including therapeutic drugs, and are associated with chemotherapy resistance. AKR1C2 is involved in metastatic processes and is a target for the treatment of various cancers. Here we used molecular docking to explore a series of bile acid methyl esters as AKR1C2 inhibitors. Autodock 4.2 ranked 10 of 11 test compounds above decoys based on ursodeoxycholate, an AKR1C2 inhibitor, while 5 ranked above 94% of decoys in Autodock Vina. Seven inactives reported not to inhibit AKR1C2 ranked below the decoy threshold. Virtual screen of a natural product library in Autodock Vina using the same parameters, identified steroidal derivatives, bile acids, and other AKR1C ligands in the top 5%. In experiments, 6 out of 11 tested bile acid methyl esters inhibited >50% of AKR1C2 activity, while 2 compounds were AKR1C3 inhibitors. The top ranking compound showed dose-dependent inhibition of AKR1C2 (IC50 ~3.6 µM). Molecular dynamics was used to explore interactions between a bile acid methyl ester and the AKR1C2 active site. Our molecular docking results identify AKR1C2 as a target for bile acid methyl esters, which combined with virtual screening results provides new directions for the synthesis of AKR1C inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Marinović
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
| | - Edward Petri
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
| | - Ljubica Grbović
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
| | | | | | - Sofija Bekić
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
| | - Andjelka Ćelić
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
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Vitku J, Hill M, Kolatorova L, Kubala Havrdova E, Kancheva R. Steroid Sulfation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:839887. [PMID: 35281259 PMCID: PMC8904904 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.839887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid sulfation and desulfation participates in the regulation of steroid bioactivity, metabolism and transport. The authors focused on sulfation and desulfation balance in three neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer´s disease (AD), Parkinson´s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Circulating steroid conjugates dominate their unconjugated counterparts, but unconjugated steroids outweigh their conjugated counterparts in the brain. Apart from the neurosteroid synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS), most brain steroids cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from the periphery and then may be further metabolized. Therefore, steroid levels in the periphery partly reflect the situation in the brain. The CNS steroids subsequently influence the neuronal excitability and have neuroprotective, neuroexcitatory, antidepressant and memory enhancing effects. They also exert anti-inflammatory and immunoprotective actions. Like the unconjugated steroids, the sulfated ones modulate various ligand-gated ion channels. Conjugation by sulfotransferases increases steroid water solubility and facilitates steroid transport. Steroid sulfates, having greater half-lives than their unconjugated counterparts, also serve as a steroid stock pool. Sulfotransferases are ubiquitous enzymes providing massive steroid sulfation in adrenal zona reticularis and zona fasciculata.. Steroid sulfatase hydrolyzing the steroid conjugates is exceedingly expressed in placenta but is ubiquitous in low amounts including brain capillaries of BBB which can rapidly hydrolyze the steroid sulfates coming across the BBB from the periphery. Lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) plasma levels and reduced sulfotransferase activity are considered as risk factors in AD patients. The shifted balance towards unconjugated steroids can participate in the pathophysiology of PD and anti-inflammatory effects of DHEAS may counteract the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vitku
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jana Vitku,
| | - Martin Hill
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Kolatorova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radmila Kancheva
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
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Pavek P, Dusek J, Smutny T, Lochman L, Kucera R, Skoda J, Smutna L, Kamaraj R, Soucek P, Vrzal R, Dvorak Z. Gene expression profiling of 1α,25(OH)
2
D
3
treatment in 2D/3D human hepatocyte models reveals CYP3A4 induction but minor changes in other xenobiotic‐metabolizing genes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200070. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Lochman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Josef Skoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smutna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Toxicogenomics Unit National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vrzal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
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AKR1B1 as a Prognostic Biomarker of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030809. [PMID: 35159076 PMCID: PMC8834204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We evaluated the levels of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in 99 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer and their association with clinicopathological characteristics, survival, and response to chemotherapy. An immunohistochemical analysis showed that higher AKR1B1 levels correlated with a better disease-free survival of patients whereas we saw no differences for AKR1B10 levels. A multivariant Cox analysis identified high AKR1B1 levels as an important prognostic factor for both overall and disease-free survival. A further analysis revealed no association between AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 levels and response to chemotherapy. Abstract Although aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) have been widely studied in cancer, no study to date has examined the roles of AKR family 1 members B1 (AKR1B1) and B10 (AKR1B10) in a large group of ovarian cancer patients. AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 play a significant role in inflammation and the metabolism of different chemotherapeutics as well as cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Due to these functions, we examined the potential of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 as tissue biomarkers. We assessed the immunohistochemical levels of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in tissue paraffin sections from 99 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) and compared these levels with clinicopathological characteristics, survival, and response to chemotherapy. A higher immunohistochemical AKR1B1 expression correlated with a better overall and disease-free survival of HGSC patients whereas AKR1B10 expression did not show any significant differences. A multivariant Cox analysis demonstrated that a high AKR1B1 expression was an important prognostic factor for both overall and disease-free survival. However, AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 were not associated with different responses to chemotherapy. Our data suggest that AKR1B1 is involved in the pathogenesis of HGSC and is a potential prognostic biomarker for this cancer.
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Badmann S, Mayr D, Schmoeckel E, Hester A, Buschmann C, Beyer S, Kolben T, Kraus F, Chelariu-Raicu A, Burges A, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Trillsch F, Czogalla B. AKR1C1/2 inhibition by MPA sensitizes platinum resistant ovarian cancer towards carboplatin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1862. [PMID: 35115586 PMCID: PMC8814148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) most patients develop platinum-resistance. On molecular level the NRF2 pathway, a cellular defense mechanism against reactive oxygen species, is induced. In this study, we investigate AKR1C1/2, target of NRF2, in a well-established EOC collective by immunohistochemistry and in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines including platinum-resistant clones. The therapeutic effect of carboplatin and MPA as monotherapy or in combination was assessed by functional assays, using OV90 and OV90cp cells. Molecular mechanisms of action of MPA were investigated by NRF2 silencing and AKR activity measurements. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AKR1C1/2 is a key player in the development of chemoresistance and an independent indicator for short PFS (23.5 vs. 49.6 months, p = 0.013). Inhibition of AKR1C1/2 by MPA led to a concentration- and time-dependent decline of OV90 viability and to an increased response to CP in vitro. By NRF2 silencing, however, the effects of MPA treatment were reduced. Concludingly, our data suggest that a combination therapy of carboplatin and MPA might be a promising therapeutic approach to increase response rates of EOC patients, which should be explored in clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Badmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Hester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Buschmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Kraus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anca Chelariu-Raicu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Adrenarche is the maturational increase in adrenal androgen production that normally begins in early childhood. It results from changes in the secretory response to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) that are best indexed by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) rise. These changes are related to the development of the zona reticularis (ZR) and its unique gene/enzyme expression pattern of low 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 with high cytochrome b5A, sulfotransferase 2A1, and 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5. Recently 11-ketotestosterone was identified as an important bioactive adrenarchal androgen. Birth weight, body growth, obesity, and prolactin are related to ZR development. Adrenarchal androgens normally contribute to the onset of sexual pubic hair (pubarche) and sebaceous and apocrine gland development. Premature adrenarche causes ≥90% of premature pubarche (PP). Its cause is unknown. Affected children have a significantly increased growth rate with proportionate bone age advancement that typically does not compromise growth potential. Serum DHEAS and testosterone levels increase to levels normal for early female puberty. It is associated with mildly increased risks for obesity, insulin resistance, and possibly mood disorder and polycystic ovary syndrome. Between 5% and 10% of PP is due to virilizing disorders, which are usually characterized by more rapid advancement of pubarche and compromise of adult height potential than premature adrenarche. Most cases are due to nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Algorithms are presented for the differential diagnosis of PP. This review highlights recent advances in molecular genetic and developmental biologic understanding of ZR development and insights into adrenarche emanating from mass spectrometric steroid assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rosenfield
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Overview of human 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C1): Functions, regulation, and structural insights of inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109746. [PMID: 34780792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase family 1C1 (AKR1C1) is an important enzyme involved in human hormone metabolism, which is mainly responsible for the metabolism of progesterone in the human body. AKR1C1 is highly expressed and has an important relationship with the occurrence and development of various diseases, especially some cancers related to hormone metabolism. Nowadays, many inhibitors against AKR1C1 have been discovered, including some synthetic compounds and natural products, which have certain inhibitory activity against AKR1C1 at the target level. Here we briefly reviewed the physiological and pathological functions of AKR1C1 and the relationship with the disease, and then summarized the development of AKR1C1 inhibitors, elucidated the interaction between inhibitors and AKR1C1 through molecular docking results and existing co-crystal structures. Finally, we discussed the design ideals of selective AKR1C1 inhibitors from the perspective of AKR1C1 structure, discussed the prospects of AKR1C1 in the treatment of human diseases in terms of biomarkers, pre-receptor regulation and single nucleotide polymorphisms, aiming to provide new ideas for drug research targeting AKR1C1.
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Huang F, Zheng Y, Li X, Luo H, Luo L. Ferroptosis-related gene AKR1C1 predicts the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:567. [PMID: 34702254 PMCID: PMC8549233 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death distinct from apoptosis and necrosis, and its activation contributes to anticancer therapy in a variety of cancers. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be further investigated. METHODS NSCLC transcriptome mRNA-seq data set and corresponding clinical data set were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, bioinformatics approaches were subsequently employed to identify potential prognostic markers. Finally, the effects of candidate markers on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and ferroptosis were assessed by CCK8, colony formation, wound-healing assay, and functional assays related to ferroptosis. RESULTS A total of 37 common differentially expressed genes were screened based TCGA database. Six overall survival associated genes (ENPP2, ULK1, CP, LURAP1L, HIC1, AKR1C1) were selected to build survival model, of which hub gene AKR1C1 was with high expression and low ferroptosis level in NSCLC tumor. Further research showed that AKR1C1 was related with many pathways involved in the process of ferroptosis and associated with diverse cancer-infiltrating immune cells. Moreover, the results of in vitro experiments indicated that the expression of AKR1C1 was upregulated in NSCLC cell lines, and silencing AKR1C1 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells and promote the occurrence of ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the potential role of ferroptosis-related gene AKR1C1 in NSCLC, which can be used for prognostic prediction in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yushi Zheng
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Experimental Animal Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China. .,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China. .,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
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Coombes Z, Plant K, Freire C, Basit AW, Butler P, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Progesterone Metabolism by Human and Rat Hepatic and Intestinal Tissue. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101707. [PMID: 34684000 PMCID: PMC8537901 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following oral administration, the bioavailability of progesterone is low and highly variable. As a result, no clinically relevant, natural progesterone oral formulation is available. After oral delivery, first-pass metabolism initially occurs in the intestines; however, very little information on progesterone metabolism in this organ currently exists. The aim of this study is to investigate the contributions of liver and intestine to progesterone clearance. In the presence of NADPH, a rapid clearance of progesterone was observed in human and rat liver samples (t1/2 2.7 and 2.72 min, respectively). The rate of progesterone depletion in intestine was statistically similar between rat and human (t1/2 197.6 min in rat and 157.2 min in human). However, in the absence of NADPH, progesterone was depleted at a significantly lower rate in rat intestine compared to human. The roles of aldo keto reductases (AKR), xanthine oxidase (XAO) and aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in progesterone metabolism were also investigated. The rate of progesterone depletion was found to be significantly reduced by AKR1C, 1D1 and 1B1 in human liver and by AKR1B1 in human intestine. The inhibition of AOX also caused a significant reduction in progesterone degradation in human liver, whereas no change was observed in the presence of an XAO inhibitor. Understanding the kinetics of intestinal as well as liver metabolism is important for the future development of progesterone oral formulations. This novel information can inform decisions on the development of targeted formulations and help predict dosage regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Coombes
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (Z.C.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Katie Plant
- Cyprotex, No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (K.P.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Philip Butler
- Cyprotex, No.24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (K.P.); (P.B.)
| | - R. Steven Conlan
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (Z.C.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (Z.C.); (R.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1792-295384
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41
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Yoo SH, Kim KR, Park NJY. Transitional cell metaplasia of the uterine cervix: A histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis suggesting a possible role of androgenic conversion during urothelial-like differentiation in peri/postmenopausal women. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 56:151839. [PMID: 34784541 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transitional cell metaplasia (TCM) of the uterine cervix and vagina is typically seen in patients with adrenogenital syndrome with high serum androgen levels and in those under androgen treatment as well as in some peri/postmenopausal women. Considering that TCM occurs in patients with increased serum androgen levels, a microenvironment with altered sex hormones might be involved in the urothelial-like differentiation observed in TCM. To investigate a histogenetic role of androgen in TCM development, we compared the distribution patterns and intensity of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), GATA3 (a transcription factor involved in androgen regulation), Ki-67, and AKR1C3 (an enzyme involved in androgen biosynthesis) expression in normal exocervical mucosa in young women (n = 25), senile atrophy (n = 23), and TCM (n = 29). In TCM, AR, ER, AKR1C3, and GATA3, expression was stronger and significantly increased upward into the intermediate and superficial layers compared with the senile atrophic mucosa and normal mucosa in young women. The epithelial layer in TCM is thicker than that in senile atrophic mucosa, although both conditions may occur in the same age group. Proliferation in TCM was significantly lower than that in young women but slightly higher than that in senile atrophy. Considering the conversion activity of AKR1C3, thicker epithelial layers in TCM compared with those in senile atrophy might be due to increased conversion of androstenedione to testosterone via increased AKR1C3 activity, increased conversion of testosterone to 17β-estradiol by aromatization, and AR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Yoo
- Department of Pathology, University of Inje Collage of Medicine, Sanggye Baik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Rae Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Sharpe MA, Baskin DS, Jenson AV, Baskin AM. Hijacking Sexual Immuno-Privilege in GBM-An Immuno-Evasion Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10983. [PMID: 34681642 PMCID: PMC8536168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive T-cells, which arrest immune responses to 'Self' tissues. Some immunosuppressive Tregs that recognize seminal epitopes suppress immune responses to the proteins in semen, in both men and women. We postulated that GBMs express reproductive-associated proteins to manipulate reproductive Tregs and to gain immune privilege. We analyzed four GBM transcriptome databases representing ≈900 tumors for hypoxia-responsive Tregs, steroidogenic pathways, and sperm/testicular and placenta-specific genes, stratifying tumors by expression. In silico analysis suggested that the presence of reproductive-associated Tregs in GBM tumors was associated with worse patient outcomes. These tumors have an androgenic signature, express male-specific antigens, and attract reproductive-associated Related Orphan Receptor C (RORC)-Treg immunosuppressive cells. GBM patient sera were interrogated for the presence of anti-sperm/testicular antibodies, along with age-matched controls, utilizing monkey testicle sections. GBM patient serum contained anti-sperm/testicular antibodies at levels > six-fold that of controls. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with estrogenic tumors which appear to mimic placental tissue. We demonstrate that RORC-Tregs drive poor patient outcome, and Treg infiltration correlates strongly with androgen levels. Androgens support GBM expression of sperm/testicular proteins allowing Tregs from the patient's reproductive system to infiltrate the tumor. In contrast, estrogen appears responsible for MDSC/TAM immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Databases, Factual
- Estrogens/metabolism
- Female
- Glioblastoma/immunology
- Glioblastoma/mortality
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Male
- Microglia/immunology
- Microglia/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/immunology
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn A. Sharpe
- Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.S.B.); (A.V.J.); (A.M.B.)
| | - David S. Baskin
- Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.S.B.); (A.V.J.); (A.M.B.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda V. Jenson
- Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.S.B.); (A.V.J.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Alexandra M. Baskin
- Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.S.B.); (A.V.J.); (A.M.B.)
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Wang X, Yang B, Li Y, Luo J, Wang Y. AKR1C1 alleviates LPS‑induced ALI in mice by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:833. [PMID: 34590152 PMCID: PMC8503743 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a respiratory tract disease characterized by increased alveolar/capillary permeability, lung inflammation and structural damage to lung tissues, which can progress and transform into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although there are several treatment strategies available to manage this condition, there is still no specific cure for ALI. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) is a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, and is a well-known Nrf2 target gene and an oxidative stress gene. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of AKR1C1 on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model. After mice received LPS treatment, the mRNA expression levels of AKR1C1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and its relationship with the inflammatory factors and malondialdehyde levels were determined using correlation analysis. Next, AKR1C1 was overexpressed or knocked out in mice, and subsequently ALI was induced in mice using LPS. The severity of ALI, oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs were measured, and the potential involvement of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transduction activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway was assessed by measuring the changes of lung injury parameters after the agonists of JAK2/STAT3 pathway, including interleukin (IL)-6 and colivelin, were administrated to mice. The results revealed that AKR1C1 expression was decreased in the LPS-induced ALI mouse model. AKR1C1 expression was inversely correlated with serum tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and malondialdehyde levels, and positively correlated with serum IL-10 levels. AKR1C1 overexpression significantly attenuated lung injury, as shown by the changes in Evans blue leakage in the lung, lung wet/dry weight ratio, PaO2/FIO2 ratio, survival rate of mice and histological lung changes. In addition, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was significantly deactivated by AKR1C1+/+. When AKR1C1+/+ mice were treated with JAK2/STAT3 agonists, the effects of AKR1C1 overexpression on lung injury and oxidative stress were abolished. In conclusion, AKR1C1 may protect against oxidative stress and serve as a negative regulator of inflammation in ALI/ARDS. In addition, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway could participate in the protective effects of AKR1C1 against ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Wang
- Emergency Observation Ward, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Emergency Observation Ward, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Emergency Observation Ward, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Luo
- Emergency Medicine Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; 3Emergency Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Emergency Medicine Department, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; 3Emergency Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, P.R. China
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44
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Dai T, Ye L, Yu H, Li K, Li J, Liu R, Lu X, Deng M, Li R, Liu W, Yang Y, Wang G. Regulation Network and Prognostic Significance of Aldo-Keto Reductase (AKR) Superfamily Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:997-1021. [PMID: 34513744 PMCID: PMC8417905 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s323743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily members have been proposed with multiple roles in various tumors. Here, a comprehensive analysis on the integral role of AKR genes was conducted to evaluate the expression profile, regulation network, and prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods Transcriptome datasets of HCC were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to build a novel risk score model, and then were further used to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) of HCC. A prognostic nomogram was developed and validated. The expression of these critical AKR members was also evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in HCC specimens. Results Eight differentially expressed AKR genes were identified in HCC. The dysregulation of most AKR genes was negatively correlated with DNA methylation, and a regulation network with transcription factors (TFs) was also established. Then, three critical AKR genes (AKR1B10, AKR1D1, and AKR7A3) were screened out to build a novel risk score model. Worse OS was observed in high-risk patients. Besides, a prognostic nomogram based on the model was further established and validated in both the TCGA and GSE14520 cohorts, which showed superior performance in predicting the OS of HCC patients. Notably, close correlations were identified between the risk score and tumor immune microenvironment, somatic mutation profiles, and drug susceptibilities of HCC. Finally, the upregulated AKR1B10 and downregulated AKR1D1 and AKR7A3 were further verified in HCC tumor and adjacent tissues from our institution. Conclusion The dysregulated AKR genes could be mediated by DNA methylation and TFs in HCC. The risk model established with superior prognostic performance further suggested the significant role of AKR genes involved in the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Dai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbin Deng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
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45
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Pant A, Chen Y, Kuppa A, Du X, Halligan BD, Speliotes EK. Perturbation of TM6SF2 Expression Alters Lipid Metabolism in a Human Liver Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9758. [PMID: 34575933 PMCID: PMC8471112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excess lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Genome-wide association studies have identified a strong association of NAFLD with non-synonymous E167K amino acid mutation in the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) protein. The E167K mutation reduces TM6SF2 stability, and its carriers display increased hepatic lipids and lower serum triglycerides. However, the effects of TM6SF2 on hepatic lipid metabolism are not completely understood. We overexpressed wild-type or E167K variant of TM6SF2 or knocked down TM6SF2 expression in lipid-treated Huh-7 cells and used untargeted lipidomic analysis, RNAseq transcriptome analysis, and fluorescent imaging to determine changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. Both TM6SF2 knockdown and E167K overexpression increased hepatic lipid accumulation, while wild-type overexpression decreased acylglyceride levels. We also observed lipid chain remodeling for acylglycerides by TM6SF2 knockdown, leading to a relative increase in species with shorter, more saturated side chains. RNA-sequencing revealed differential expression of several lipid metabolizing genes, including genes belonging to AKR1 family and lipases, primarily in cells with TM6SF2 knockdown. Taken together, our data show that overexpression of TM6SF2 gene or its loss-of-function changes hepatic lipid species composition and expression of lipid metabolizing genes. Additionally, our data further confirms a loss-of-function effect for the E167K variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Pant
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.P.); (Y.C.); (A.K.); (X.D.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Yue Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.P.); (Y.C.); (A.K.); (X.D.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.P.); (Y.C.); (A.K.); (X.D.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.P.); (Y.C.); (A.K.); (X.D.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Brian D. Halligan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.P.); (Y.C.); (A.K.); (X.D.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (A.P.); (Y.C.); (A.K.); (X.D.); (B.D.H.)
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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46
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Meng F, Li WF, Jung D, Wang CC, Qi T, Shia CS, Hsu RY, Hsieh YC, Duan J. A novel selective AKR1C3-activated prodrug AST-3424/OBI-3424 exhibits broad anti-tumor activity. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3645-3659. [PMID: 34354865 PMCID: PMC8332853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AST-3424/OBI-3424 (denoted by 3424) is a novel prodrug bis-alkylating agent activated by AKR1C3. AKR1C3 is overexpressed in many types of cancer, particularly in liver, non-small cell lung, gastric, renal and CRPC cancer. Currently 3424 is being studied in phase 1/2 clinical trials for the treatment of solid and hematologic cancers, and it represents potentially a novel, selective anti-cancer agent for multiple indications. In this study, AKR1C3-dependent activation of 3424 was investigated in vitro using recombinant human AKR1C3. AKR1C3-dependent cytotoxicity of 3424 was determined in a wide range of human cancer cell lines with different AKR1C3 expression levels. In addition, anti-tumor activity of 3424 was also investigated in a broad panel of CDX and PDX models. AKR1C3-dependent activation of prodrug 3424 was evident by monitoring the decrease of 3424 and generation of the active form, 2660. Kinetic analysis indicated that AKR1C3 exhibited higher catalytic efficiency towards 3424 compared to the physiological substrates. There was a strong correlation between 3424 cytotoxic potency and AKR1C3 expression. The racemic mixture induced DNA cross-linking in a concentration dependent manner. Tumor growth inhibition of 3424 was shown to be better than or comparable to the standard of care chemotherapy at clinically achievable doses as a single agent in various CDX models with high expression of AKR1C3, including liver HepG2, lung H460, castration-resistant prostate VCaP, gastric SNU-16, and kidney A498 cancer cell lines. The excellent anti-tumor efficacy of 3424 was further demonstrated in PDX models which have high level of AKR1C3 expression, but not in a model with low level of AKR1C3 expression. In the combination therapy, we showed that 3424 could enhance the efficacy of the standard care of chemotherapy in the CDX models. The results described here highlight that 3424 exhibits AKR1C3-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro and anti-tumor activity in vivo in a wide range of human cancer types, which support further development of 3424 as an anti-cancer agent for treating different types of cancers and the use of AKR1C3 as a biomarker to profile cancer patients and further guide patient selection for therapy with 3424.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald Jung
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, LTDShenzhen, China
| | | | - Tianyang Qi
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, LTDShenzhen, China
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Sinreih M, Jójárt R, Kele Z, Büdefeld T, Paragi G, Mernyák E, Rižner TL. Synthesis and evaluation of AKR1C inhibitory properties of A-ring halogenated oestrone derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1500-1508. [PMID: 34227437 PMCID: PMC8266253 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1937142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes AKR1C regulate the action of oestrogens, androgens, and progesterone at the pre-receptor level and are also associated with chemo-resistance. The activities of these oestrone halides were investigated on recombinant AKR1C enzymes. The oestrone halides with halogen atoms at both C-2 and C-4 positions (13β-, 13α-methyl-17-keto halogen derivatives) were the most potent inhibitors of AKR1C1. The lowest IC50 values were for the 13α-epimers 2_2I,4Br and 2_2I,4Cl (IC50, 0.7 μM, 0.8 μM, respectively), both of which selectively inhibited the AKR1C1 isoform. The 13α-methyl-17-keto halogen derivatives 2_2Br and 2_4Cl were the most potent inhibitors of AKR1C2 (IC50, 1.5 μM, 1.8 μM, respectively), with high selectivity for the AKR1C2 isoform. Compound 1_2Cl,4Cl showed the best AKR1C3 inhibition, and it also inhibited AKR1C1 (Ki: AKR1C1, 0.69 μM; AKR1C3, 1.43 μM). These data show that halogenated derivatives of oestrone represent a new class of potent and selective AKR1C inhibitors as lead compounds for further optimisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Sinreih
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Jójárt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tomaž Büdefeld
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gábor Paragi
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Physics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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48
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Sarnowski C, Cousminer DL, Franceschini N, Raffield LM, Jia G, Fernández-Rhodes L, Grant SFA, Hakonarson H, Lange LA, Long J, Sofer T, Tao R, Wallace RB, Wong Q, Zirpoli G, Boerwinkle E, Bradfield JP, Correa A, Kooperberg CL, North KE, Palmer JR, Zemel BS, Zheng W, Murabito JM, Lunetta KL. Large trans-ethnic meta-analysis identifies AKR1C4 as a novel gene associated with age at menarche. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1999-2010. [PMID: 34021356 PMCID: PMC8213450 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the expansion of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to a broader range of ancestries improve the ability to identify and generalise variants associated with age at menarche (AAM) in European populations to a wider range of world populations? SUMMARY ANSWER By including women with diverse and predominantly non-European ancestry in a large-scale meta-analysis of AAM with half of the women being of African ancestry, we identified a new locus associated with AAM in African-ancestry participants, and generalised loci from GWAS of European ancestry individuals. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY AAM is a highly polygenic puberty trait associated with various diseases later in life. Both AAM and diseases associated with puberty timing vary by race or ethnicity. The majority of GWAS of AAM have been performed in European ancestry women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We analysed a total of 38 546 women who did not have predominantly European ancestry backgrounds: 25 149 women from seven studies from the ReproGen Consortium and 13 397 women from the UK Biobank. In addition, we used an independent sample of 5148 African-ancestry women from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) for replication. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Each AAM GWAS was performed by study and ancestry or ethnic group using linear regression models adjusted for birth year and study-specific covariates. ReproGen and UK Biobank results were meta-analysed using an inverse variance-weighted average method. A trans-ethnic meta-analysis was also carried out to assess heterogeneity due to different ancestry. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed consistent direction and effect sizes between our meta-analysis and the largest GWAS conducted in European or Asian ancestry women. We validated four AAM loci (1p31, 6q16, 6q22 and 9q31) with common genetic variants at P < 5 × 10-7. We detected one new association (10p15) at P < 5 × 10-8 with a low-frequency genetic variant lying in AKR1C4, which was replicated in an independent sample. This gene belongs to a family of enzymes that regulate the metabolism of steroid hormones and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of uterine diseases. The genetic variant in the new locus is more frequent in African-ancestry participants, and has a very low frequency in Asian or European-ancestry individuals. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Extreme AAM (<9 years or >18 years) were excluded from analysis. Women may not fully recall their AAM as most of the studies were conducted many years later. Further studies in women with diverse and predominantly non-European ancestry are needed to confirm and extend these findings, but the availability of such replication samples is limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Expanding association studies to a broader range of ancestries or ethnicities may improve the identification of new genetic variants associated with complex diseases or traits and the generalisation of variants from European-ancestry studies to a wider range of world populations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was provided by CHARGE Consortium grant R01HL105756-07: Gene Discovery For CVD and Aging Phenotypes and by the NIH grant U24AG051129 awarded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sarnowski
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D L Cousminer
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - G Jia
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L Fernández-Rhodes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T Sofer
- Departments of Medicine and of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R B Wallace
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Q Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Boerwinkle
- Human Genetic Center and Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Quantinuum Research, LLC, Wayne, PA, USA
| | - A Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - C L Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J M Murabito
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Lunetta
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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Valenzuela Scheker E, Kathuria A, Esnakula A, Sasano H, Yamazaki Y, Tevosian S, Auchus RJ, Ghayee HK, Dhir G. Expression of Key Androgen-Activating Enzymes in Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021; 8:2324709620933416. [PMID: 32590918 PMCID: PMC7323262 DOI: 10.1177/2324709620933416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the expression of steroidogenic enzymes implicated in the development of ovarian steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified (SCT-NOS). We present 4 ovarian SCT-NOS evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of steroidogenic enzymes as an approach to define this entity pathologically. All 4 ovarian SCT-NOS showed increased expression for cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1), aldo-ketoreductase type 1 C3 (AKR1C3), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD3B2), 5α-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2), steroid sulfatase (SULT2A1), estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), and aromatase (CYP19A1). Expression was negative for 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2). 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (HSD17B3) and 5α-reductase type 1 (SRD5A1) showed variable expression. Our analysis reveals a novel finding of increased expression of AKR1C3, HSD17B1, SRD5A2, SULT2A1, and EST in ovarian SCT-NOS, which is clinically associated with androgen excess and virilization. Further studies are needed to validate these enzymes as new markers in the evaluation of hyperandrogenic ovarian conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans K Ghayee
- Memorial Healthcare System Hollywood, FL, USA.,Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gauri Dhir
- Tidelands Health Group, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
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50
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Yazawa T, Sato T, Nemoto T, Nagata S, Imamichi Y, Kitano T, Sekiguchi T, Uwada J, Islam MS, Mikami D, Nakajima I, Takahashi S, Khan MRI, Suzuki N, Umezawa A, Ida T. 11-Ketotestosterone is a major androgen produced in porcine adrenal glands and testes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105847. [PMID: 33609691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Porcine steroid hormone profiles have some unique characteristics. We previously studied human and murine steroidogenesis using steroidogenic cells-derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). To investigate porcine steroidogenesis, we induced steroidogenic cells from porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes (PSPA cells), which originate from MSCs. Using cAMP, adenovirus-mediated introduction of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1)/adrenal 4-binding protein (Ad4BP) induced the differentiation of PSPA cells into sex steroid-producing cells. Introducing SF-1/Ad4BP also induced the aldo-keto reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1) gene. Porcine AKR1C1 had 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, which converts androstenedione and 11-ketoandrostenedione into testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosteorne (11KT). Furthermore, differentiated cells expressed hydroxysteroid 11β-dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2) and produced 11KT. HSD11B2 was expressed in testicular Leydig cells and the adrenal cortex. 11KT was present in the plasma of both immature male and female pigs, with slightly higher levels in the male pigs. T levels were much higher in the male pigs. It is noteworthy that in the female pigs, the 11KT levels were >10-fold higher than the T levels. However, castration altered the 11KT and T plasma profiles in the male pigs to near those of the females. 11KT induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in porcine vascular endothelial cells. These results indicate that 11KT is produced in porcine adrenal glands and testes, and may regulate cardiovascular functions through eNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Mikami
- Department of Nephrology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Nakajima
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takanori Ida
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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