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Zhou Y, Na C, Li Z. Novel insights into immune cells modulation of tumor resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 202:104457. [PMID: 39038527 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance poses a significant challenge to effective cancer treatment, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the profound involvement of immune cells in the development of tumor resistance. Within the tumor microenvironment, macrophages undergo polarization into the M2 phenotype, thus promoting the emergence of drug-resistant tumors. Neutrophils contribute to tumor resistance by forming extracellular traps. While T cells and natural killer (NK) cells exert their impact through direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Additionally, dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in preventing tumor drug resistance by stimulating T cell activation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding immune cell-mediated modulation of tumor resistance at the molecular level, with a particular focus on macrophages, neutrophils, DCs, T cells, and NK cells. The targeting of immune cell modulation exhibits considerable potential for addressing drug resistance, and an in-depth understanding of the molecular interactions between immune cells and tumor cells holds promise for the development of innovative therapies. Furthermore, we explore the clinical implications of these immune cells in the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. This review emphasizes the exploration of novel approaches that harness the functional capabilities of immune cells to effectively overcome drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chuhan Na
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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2
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Pratticò F, Garajová I. Focus on Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:4241-4260. [PMID: 39195299 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31080316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the most lethal solid tumors due to its local aggressiveness and metastatic potential, with a 5-year survival rate of only 13%. A robust connection between pancreatic cancer microenvironment and tumor progression exists, as well as resistance to current anticancer treatments. Pancreatic cancer has a complex tumor microenvironment, characterized by an intricate crosstalk between cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells. The complex composition of the tumor microenvironment is also reflected in the diversity of its acellular components, such as the extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors and secreted ligands involved in signaling pathways. Desmoplasia, the hallmark of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment, contributes by creating a dense and hypoxic environment that promotes further tumorigenesis, provides innate systemic resistance and suppresses anti-tumor immune invasion. We discuss the complex crosstalk among tumor microenvironment components and explore therapeutic strategies and opportunities in pancreatic cancer research. Better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its influence on pancreatic cancer progression could lead to potential novel therapeutic options, such as integration of immunotherapy and cytokine-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Pratticò
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Ingrid Garajová
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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3
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Tumor acidic environment directs nanoparticle impacts on cancer cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:684-692. [PMID: 36563425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite impressive progress in nanotechnology-based cancer therapy being made by in vitro research, few nanoparticles (NPs) have been translated into clinical trials. The wide gap between in vitro results and nanomedicine's clinical translation might be partly due to acidic microenvironment of cancer cells being ignored in in vitro studies. To check this hypothesis, we studied the biological impacts of two different structures of NPs on cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) at acidic (pH: 6.5) low (pH: 7) and physiological pH (pH: 7.4). We uncovered that a slight change in the pH of the cancer cell microenvironment affects the cellular uptake efficacy and toxicity mechanism of nanographene sheets and SPION@silica nanospheres. Both nanostructures exerted more substantial toxic impacts (e. g. apoptosis, necrosis, membrane disruption, and oxidative stress induction) against cancer cells at physiological pH compared to acidic niche. They also differently slowed or arrested phases of the cell cycle at different pH (S and G2/M at normal pH while G0/G1 at acidic/low pH). More specifically, cancer cells expressed higher levels of interleukins involved in cancer cell resistance at acidic pH than those incubated at physiological pH. This study revealed that a slight change in extracellular pH of cancer cells could strongly affect the therapeutic/toxic impact of nanomaterials and therefore, it should be considered in the future cancer nanomedicine research.
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Mezzasoma L, Bellezza I, Romani R, Talesa VN. Extracellular Vesicles and the Inflammasome: An Intricate Network Sustaining Chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:888135. [PMID: 35530309 PMCID: PMC9072732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.888135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed spherical particles devoted to intercellular communication. Cancer-derived EVs (Ca-EVs) are deeply involved in tumor microenvironment remodeling, modifying the inflammatory phenotype of cancerous and non-cancerous residing cells. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in initiation, development, and progression of many types of malignancies. The key feature of cancer-related inflammation is the production of cytokines that incessantly modify of the surrounding environment. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the most powerful cytokines, influencing all the initiation-to-progression stages of many types of cancers and represents an emerging critical contributor to chemoresistance. IL-1β production strictly depends on the activation of inflammasome, a cytoplasmic molecular platform sensing exogenous and endogenous danger signals. It has been recently shown that Ca-EVs can activate the inflammasome cascade and IL-1β production in tumor microenvironment-residing cells. Since inflammasome dysregulation has been established as crucial regulator in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis and chemoresistance, it is conceivable that the use of inflammasome-inhibiting drugs may be employed as adjuvant chemotherapy to counteract chemoresistance. This review focuses on the role of cancer-derived EVs in tuning tumor microenvironment unveiling the intricate network between inflammasome and chemoresistance.
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Jafrin S, Aziz MA, Islam MS. Role of IL-1β rs1143634 (+3954C>T) polymorphism in cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211060144. [PMID: 34861128 PMCID: PMC8647244 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress caused by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β has been widely investigated for cancer risk. In this study, we focused on the role of IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism to reveal its impact on cancer development. METHODS Related studies with fixed inclusion criteria were selected from electronic databases to May 2021. This meta-analysis was performed with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) and in-silico gene expression analysis were performed. RESULTS Forty-four case-control studies involving 18,645 patients with cancer and 22,882 controls were included. We observed a significant association of this single nucleotide polymorphism with overall cancer risk in the codominant model 3 (1.13-fold), recessive model (1.14-fold) and allelic model (1.08-fold). Subgroup analysis revealed that rs1143634 elevated the risk of gastric cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma. In addition, Asian and mixed populations and hospital-based controls had a significantly higher risk of cancer development. TSA confirmed our findings. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis revealed that the presence of IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism increases the risk of cancer development. Among polymorphism carriers, the Asian population has a higher risk than other ethnic populations.This meta-analysis was registered retrospectively at INPLASY (https://inplasy.com/, INPLASY2021100044).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jafrin
- Department of Pharmacy, 378872Noakhali Science and Technology University, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, 378872Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, 378872Noakhali Science and Technology University, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, 378872Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, 378872Noakhali Science and Technology University, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, 378872Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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Andersen HB, Ialchina R, Pedersen SF, Czaplinska D. Metabolic reprogramming by driver mutation-tumor microenvironment interplay in pancreatic cancer: new therapeutic targets. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1093-1114. [PMID: 34855109 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers globally with a mortality rate exceeding 95% and very limited therapeutic options. A hallmark of PDAC is its acidic tumor microenvironment, further characterized by excessive fibrosis and depletion of oxygen and nutrients due to poor vascularity. The combination of PDAC driver mutations and adaptation to this hostile environment drives extensive metabolic reprogramming of the cancer cells toward non-canonical metabolic pathways and increases reliance on scavenging mechanisms such as autophagy and macropinocytosis. In addition, the cancer cells benefit from metabolic crosstalk with nonmalignant cells within the tumor microenvironment, including pancreatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial and immune cells. Increasing evidence shows that this metabolic rewiring is closely related to chemo- and radioresistance and immunosuppression, causing extensive treatment failure. Indeed, stratification of human PDAC tumors into subtypes based on their metabolic profiles was shown to predict disease outcome. Accordingly, an increasing number of clinical trials target pro-tumorigenic metabolic pathways, either as stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight key findings and potential future directions of pancreatic cancer metabolism research, specifically focusing on novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Berg Andersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renata Ialchina
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dominika Czaplinska
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Ni Y, Zhou X, Yang J, Shi H, Li H, Zhao X, Ma X. The Role of Tumor-Stroma Interactions in Drug Resistance Within Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637675. [PMID: 34095111 PMCID: PMC8173135 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells resistance to various therapies remains to be a key challenge nowadays. For a long time, scientists focused on tumor cells themselves for the mechanisms of acquired drug resistance. However, recent evidence showed that tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for regulating immune escape, drug resistance, progression and metastasis of malignant cells. Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and non-malignant cells within this milieu often reshape the TME and promote drug resistance. Therefore, advanced knowledge about these sophisticated interactions is significant for the design of effective therapeutic approaches. In this review, we highlight cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T-regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs), and tumor endothelial cells (TECs) existing in TME, as well as their multiple cross-talk with tumor cells, which eventually endows tumor cells with therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghong Ni
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Houhui Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Takahashi R, Macchini M, Sunagawa M, Jiang Z, Tanaka T, Valenti G, Renz BW, White RA, Hayakawa Y, Westphalen CB, Tailor Y, Iuga AC, Gonda TA, Genkinger J, Olive KP, Wang TC. Interleukin-1β-induced pancreatitis promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via B lymphocyte-mediated immune suppression. Gut 2021; 70:330-341. [PMID: 32393543 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-standing chronic pancreatitis is an established risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been associated in PDAC with shorter survival. We employed murine models to investigate the mechanisms by which IL-1β and chronic pancreatitis might contribute to PDAC progression. DESIGN We crossed LSL-Kras+/G12D;Pdx1-Cre (KC) mice with transgenic mice overexpressing IL-1β to generate KC-IL1β mice, and followed them longitudinally. We used pancreatic 3D in vitro culture to assess acinar-to-ductal metaplasia formation. Immune cells were analysed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. B lymphocytes were adoptively transferred or depleted in Kras-mutant mice. B-cell infiltration was analysed in human PDAC samples. RESULTS KC-IL1β mice developed PDAC with liver metastases. IL-1β treatment increased Kras+/G12D pancreatic spheroid formation. CXCL13 expression and B lymphocyte infiltration were increased in KC-IL1β pancreata. Adoptive transfer of B lymphocytes from KC-IL1β mice promoted tumour formation, while depletion of B cells prevented tumour progression in KC-IL1β mice. B cells isolated from KC-IL1β mice had much higher expression of PD-L1, more regulatory B cells, impaired CD8+ T cell activity and promoted tumorigenesis. IL-35 was increased in the KC-IL1β pancreata, and depletion of IL-35 decreased the number of PD-L1+ B cells. Finally, in human PDAC samples, patients with PDAC with higher B-cell infiltration within tumours showed significantly shorter survival. CONCLUSION We show here that IL-1β promotes tumorigenesis in part by inducing an expansion of immune-suppressive B cells. These findings point to the growing significance of B suppressor cells in pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Takahashi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina Macchini
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Masaki Sunagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bernhard W Renz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth A White
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Benedikt Westphalen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yagnesh Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alina C Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tamas A Gonda
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanine Genkinger
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Yang J, Li Y, Sun Z, Zhan H. Macrophages in pancreatic cancer: An immunometabolic perspective. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:188-200. [PMID: 33122097 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most fatal gastrointestinal cancers, pancreatic cancer (PC) has a long-term survival rate that has shown limited improvement during recent decades and remains dismal. The poor prognosis is attributed to challenges in early detection, low opportunity for radical resection and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Macrophages are one of the most abundant infiltrating immune cells in PC stroma, and they can crosstalk with cancer cells, adipocytes and other stromal cells to modulate metabolism, inflammation and immune status, create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and ultimately facilitate tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of macrophage origin, distribution and polarization, as well as provide a thorough review of the role macrophages in PC carcinogenesis and development, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. Additionally, we investigated macrophage targets in preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate their potential therapeutic value in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Yongzheng Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa), while accounting for only 3% of all women’s cancer, is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women. One of the most significant obstacles to successful OvCa treatment is chemoresistance. The current lack of understanding of the driving mechanisms underlying chemoresistance hinders the development of effective therapeutics against this obstacle. Adipocytes are key components of the OvCa microenvironment and have been shown to be involved in OvCa cell proliferation, however, little is known about their impact on OvCa chemoresistance. In the current study, we found that adipocytes, of both subcutaneous and visceral origin, secrete factors that enhance the resistance of OvCa cells against chemotherapeutic drugs by activating the Akt pathway. Importantly, we have demonstrated that secreted lipids mediate adipocyte-induced chemoresistance. Through a comprehensive lipidomic analysis, we have identified this chemo-protective lipid mediator as arachidonic acid (AA). AA acts on OvCa cells directly, not through its downstream derivatives such as prostaglandins, to activate Akt and inhibit cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study has identified adipocytes and their secreted AA as important mediators of OvCa chemoresistance. Strategies that block the production of AA from adipocytes or block its anti-apoptotic function may potentially inhibit chemoresistance in OvCa patients.
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11
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Linton SS, Abraham T, Liao J, Clawson GA, Butler PJ, Fox T, Kester M, Matters GL. Tumor-promoting effects of pancreatic cancer cell exosomes on THP-1-derived macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206759. [PMID: 30383833 PMCID: PMC6211741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor growth is enhanced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), yet the mechanisms by which tumor cells and TAMs communicate are not fully understood. Here we show that exosomes secreted by PDAC cell lines differed in their surface proteins, lipid composition, and efficiency of fusing with THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro. Exosomes from AsPC-1, an ascites-derived human PDAC cell line, were enriched in ICAM-1, which mediated their docking to macrophages through interactions with surface-exposed CD11c on macrophages. AsPC-1 exosomes also contained much higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA), and they fused at a higher rate with THP-1-derived macrophages than did exosomes from other PDAC cell lines or from an immortalized normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line (HPDE) H6c7. Phospholipase A2 enzymatic cleavage of arachidonic acid from AsPC-1 exosomes reduced fusion efficiency. PGE2 secretion was elevated in macrophages treated with AsPC-1 exosomes but not in macrophages treated with exosomes from other cell lines, suggesting a functional role for the AsPC-1 exosome-delivered arachidonic acid in macrophages. Non-polarized (M0) macrophages treated with AsPC-1 exosomes had increased levels of surface markers indicative of polarization to an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype (CD14hi CD163hi CD206hi). Furthermore, macrophages treated with AsPC-1 exosomes had significantly increased secretion of pro-tumoral, bioactive molecules including VEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-9, and TNFα. Together, these results demonstrate that compared to exosomes from other primary tumor-derived PDAC cell lines, AsPC-1 exosomes alter THP-1-derived macrophage phenotype and function. AsPC-1 exosomes mediate communication between tumor cells and TAMs that contributes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Linton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Clawson
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Butler
- Department of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Todd Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gail L. Matters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Farajzadeh Valilou S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Silvestris N, Argentiero A, Rezaei N. The role of inflammatory cytokines and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:46-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Ray AL, Berggren KL, Restrepo Cruz S, Gan GN, Beswick EJ. Inhibition of MK2 suppresses IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α-dependent colorectal cancer growth. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1702-1711. [PMID: 29197088 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression is associated with chronic inflammation. We have identified the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway as a primary mediator of inflammation in CRC. MK2 signaling promotes production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. These cytokines have been implicated in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. For the first time, we investigate whether MK2 inhibition can improve outcome in two mouse models of CRC. In our azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) model of colitis-associated CRC, MK2 inhibitor treatment eliminated murine tumor development. Using the implanted, syngeneic murine CRC cell line CT26, we observe significant tumor volume reduction following MK2 inhibition. Tumor cells treated with MK2 inhibitors produced 80% less IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and demonstrated decreased invasion. Replenishment of downstream proinflammatory MK2-mediated cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) to tumors led to restoration of tumor proliferation and rapid tumor regrowth. These results demonstrate the importance of MK2 in driving proinflammatory cytokine production, its relevance to in vivo tumor proliferation and invasion. Inhibition of MK2 may represent an attractive therapeutic target to suppress tumor growth and progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L Ray
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kiersten L Berggren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sebastian Restrepo Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Gregory N Gan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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14
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Effects of Low Intensity Continuous Ultrasound (LICU) on Mouse Pancreatic Tumor Explants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7121275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Yin Y, Yao S, Hu Y, Feng Y, Li M, Bian Z, Zhang J, Qin Y, Qi X, Zhou L, Fei B, Zou J, Hua D, Huang Z. The Immune-microenvironment Confers Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer through Macrophage-Derived IL6. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7375-7387. [PMID: 28928161 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently associated with poor prognosis in human cancers. However, the effects of TAMs in colorectal cancer are contradictory. We therefore investigated the functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance of TAMs in colorectal cancer.Experimental Design: We measured the macrophage infiltration (CD68), P-gp, and Bcl2 expression in colorectal cancer tissues using IHC staining. Coculture of TAMs and colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo models was used to evaluate the effects of TAMs on colorectal cancer chemoresistance. Cytokine antibody arrays, ELISA, neutralizing antibody, and luciferase reporter assay were performed to uncover the underlying mechanism.Results: TAM infiltration was associated with chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer-conditioned macrophages increased colorectal cancer chemoresistance and reduced drug-induced apoptosis by secreting IL6, which could be blocked by a neutralizing anti-IL6 antibody. Macrophage-derived IL6 activated the IL6R/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer cells, and activated STAT3 transcriptionally inhibited the tumor suppressor miR-204-5p. Rescue experiment confirmed that miR-204-5p is a functional target mediating the TAM-induced colorectal cancer chemoresistance. miR-155-5p, a key miRNA regulating C/EBPβ, was frequently downregulated in TAMs, resulting in increased C/EBPβ expression. C/EBPβ transcriptionally activated IL6 in TAMs, and TAM-secreted IL6 then induced chemoresistance by activating the IL6R/STAT3/miR-204-5p pathway in colorectal cancer cells.Conclusions: Our data indicate that the maladjusted miR-155-5p/C/EBPβ/IL6 signaling in TAMs could induce chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells by regulating the IL6R/STAT3/miR-204-5p axis, revealing a new cross-talk between immune cells and tumor cells in colorectal cancer microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7375-87. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yin
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surui Yao
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Feng
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehua Bian
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Dong Hua
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Nomura A, Gupta VK, Dauer P, Sharma NS, Dudeja V, Merchant N, Saluja AK, Banerjee S. NFκB-Mediated Invasiveness in CD133 + Pancreatic TICs Is Regulated by Autocrine and Paracrine Activation of IL1 Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:162-172. [PMID: 28970361 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) have been implicated in pancreatic tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Among different markers that define this cell population within the tumor, the CD133+ cancer stem cell (CSC) population has reliably been described in these processes. CD133 expression has also been shown to functionally promote metastasis through NF-κB activation in this population, but the mechanism is unclear. In the current study, overexpression of CD133 increased expression and secretion of IL1β (IL1B), which activates an autocrine signaling loop that upregulates NF-κB signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cellular invasion. This signaling pathway also induces CXCR4 expression, which in turn is instrumental in imparting an invasive phenotype to these cells. In addition to the autocrine signaling of the CD133 secreted IL1β, the tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) also produced IL1β, which further activated this pathway in TICs. The functional significance of the TIC marker CD133 has remained elusive for a very long time; the current study takes us one step closer to understanding how the downstream signaling pathways in these cells regulate the functional properties of TICs.Implications: This study demonstrates the important role of tumor- and macrophage-derived IL1β stimulation in pancreatic cancer. IL1 signaling is increased in cells with CD133 expression, leading to increased NF-kB activity, EMT induction, and invasion. Increased invasiveness via IL1β stimulation is mediated by the upregulation of CXCR4 expression. The study highlights the importance of IL1-mediated signaling in TICs. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 162-72. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Nomura
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Vineet K Gupta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Patricia Dauer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nikita S Sharma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Ashok K Saluja
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
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17
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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18
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Deng T, Lyon CJ, Bergin S, Caligiuri MA, Hsueh WA. Obesity, Inflammation, and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 11:421-49. [PMID: 27193454 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a worldwide epidemic, confers increased risk for multiple serious conditions, including cancer, and is increasingly recognized as a growing cause of preventable cancer risk. Chronic inflammation, a well-known mediator of cancer, is a central characteristic of obesity, leading to many of its complications, and obesity-induced inflammation confers additional cancer risk beyond obesity itself. Multiple mechanisms facilitate this strong association between cancer and obesity. Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ, secreting several hormones, including leptin and adiponectin, and chemokines that can regulate tumor behavior, inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment. Excessive adipose expansion during obesity causes adipose dysfunction and inflammation to increase systemic levels of proinflammatory factors. Cells from adipose tissue, such as cancer-associated adipocytes and adipose-derived stem cells, enter the cancer microenvironment to enhance protumoral effects. Dysregulated metabolism that stems from obesity, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, can further impact tumor growth and development. This review describes how adipose tissue becomes inflamed in obesity, summarizes ways these mechanisms impact cancer development, and discusses their role in four adipose-associated cancers that demonstrate elevated incidence or mortality in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Deng
- Diabetes Research Center and Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030; .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College at Cornell University, New York, New York 10021
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- Diabetes Research Center and Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Stephen Bergin
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Willa A Hsueh
- The Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
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19
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Schmidt A, Sinnett-Smith J, Young S, Chang HH, Hines OJ, Dawson DW, Rozengurt E, Eibl G. Direct growth-inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E2 in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro through an EP4/PKA-mediated mechanism. Surgery 2017; 161:1570-1578. [PMID: 28222855 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence linking inflammation and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-2-derived PGE2 are overexpressed in human and murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Several studies have demonstrated an important role of COX-2-derived PGE2 in tumor-stroma interactions; however, the direct growth effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells is less well defined. Our aim was to investigate the effects of PGE2 on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell growth and to characterize the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines, Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2, were treated with PGE2 in varying doses (0-10 μM). Effects on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were evaluated by Western blot. Colony formation was observed for cells treated with PGE2 for 11 days. DNA synthesis was determined by (3H)-thymidine incorporation assay. Gene expression of E-type prostaglandin (EP)2/EP4 receptors and their correlation with survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were assessed using the RNA-Seq data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. RESULTS PGE2 decreased the size and number of colonies in Panc-1 but not MIA PaCa-2 cells. In the Panc-1 cells, PGE2 activated PKA/CREB and decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which was reversed by an EP4 receptor antagonist, while an EP2 receptor antagonist had no effect. In contrast, in MIA PaCa-2 cells, PGE2 had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Treatment of both Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells with forskolin/IBMX decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Finally, PGE2 decreased DNA synthesis only in Panc-1 cells, which was reversed by an EP4 receptor antagonist. In human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high EP2 and low EP4 gene expression was correlated to worse median overall survival (15.6 vs 20.8 months, log-rank P = .017). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that PGE2 can inhibit directly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell growth through an EP4-mediated mechanism. Together with our gene expression and survival analysis, this observation suggests a protective role of EP4 receptors in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that expresses E-type prostaglandin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - James Sinnett-Smith
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - O Joe Hines
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
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20
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Ilinskaya AN, Clogston JD, McNeil SE, Dobrovolskaia MA. Induction of oxidative stress by Taxol® vehicle Cremophor-EL triggers production of interleukin-8 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells through the mechanism not requiring de novo synthesis of mRNA. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1925-38. [PMID: 26282378 PMCID: PMC4652134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the ability of cytotoxic oncology drugs, and their carriers and formulation excipients, to induce pro-inflammatory responses is important for establishing safe and efficacious formulations. Literature data about cytokine response induction by the traditional formulation of paclitaxel, Taxol®, are controversial, and no data are available about the pro-inflammatory profile of the nano-albumin formulation of this drug, Abraxane®. Herein, we demonstrate and explain the difference in the cytokine induction profile between Taxol® and Abraxane®, and describe a novel mechanism of cytokine induction by a nanosized excipient, Cremophor EL, which is not unique to Taxol® and is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for delivery of a wide variety of small molecular drugs. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the production of many nano-formulation drugs. The cellular response to drugs has been reported to be different between traditional and nano-formulations. In this article, the authors investigated and compared cytokine response induction profiles between Taxol® and Abraxane®. The findings here provided further understanding to create drugs with better safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Ilinskaya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Clogston
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Scott E McNeil
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
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21
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The role of interleukin-8 (CXCL8) and CXCR2 in acquired chemoresistance of human colorectal carcinoma cells HCT116. Med Oncol 2015; 32:258. [PMID: 26519257 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases and is a leading cause of cancer mortality in the Western world. Primary or acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a common phenomenon which causes a failure in cancer treatment. A diverse range of molecular mechanisms has been implicated in drug resistance: DNA damage repair, alterations in drug metabolism, mutation of drug targets, increased rates of drug efflux, and activation of survival signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CXCL8-CXCR1/2 pathway, its impact on cell proliferation and cytokine expression in human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells, and their chemotherapy-resistant subline. We found that IL-1 alpha stimulates the production of CXCL8 through IL-1 receptor signaling. Our data indicate that CXCL8 is upregulated in chemoresistant subline of colorectal cancer cells HCT116, and modulation of CXCR2 pathway can be a target for proliferation inhibition of chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells.
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22
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Hsu YL, Hung JY, Tsai EM, Wu CY, Ho YW, Jian SF, Yen MC, Chang WA, Hou MF, Kuo PL. Benzyl butyl phthalate increases the chemoresistance to doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide by increasing breast cancer-associated dendritic cell-derived CXCL1/GROα and S100A8/A9. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2889-900. [PMID: 26397389 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are used as plasticizers in the manufacture of flexible vinyl, which is used in food contact applications. Phthalates have been demonstrated to have an adverse impact on human health, particularly in terms of cancer development. In the present study, we showed for the first time that benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) potentiates the effect of tumor‑associated dendritic cells (TADCs) on the chemoresistance of breast cancer. Specific knockdown analysis revealed that S100A9 is the major factor responsible for the chemoresistance of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide induced by BBP-stimulated TADCs in breast cancer. BBP exposure also increased tumor infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) secretion of S100A8/A9, thereby exacerbating the resistance of breast cancer to doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide. In addition, BBP also stimulated the production of CXCL1/GROα by TADCs, which increased the angiogenesis of breast cancer in a mouse model. Inhibition of CXCL1/GROα by a neutralizing antibody, decreased the BBP-induced angiogenesis induced by BBP after chemotherapy in the mouse model. These results, for the first time, provide evidence that BBP influences the efficacy of chemotherapy by remodeling the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Wen Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Fang Jian
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
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23
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Genin M, Clement F, Fattaccioli A, Raes M, Michiels C. M1 and M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 cells differentially modulate the response of cancer cells to etoposide. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:577. [PMID: 26253167 PMCID: PMC4545815 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 665] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are present in high density in solid tumors. TAMs share many characteristics with alternatively activated macrophages, also called M2. They have been shown to favor tumor development and a role in chemoresistance has also been suggested. Here, we investigated the effects of M2 in comparison to M1 macrophages on cancer cell sensitivity to etoposide. Methods We set up a model of macrophage polarization, starting from THP-1 monocytes differentiated into macrophages using PMA (Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). Once differentiated (M0 macrophages), they were incubated with IL-4 and IL-13 in order to obtain M2 polarized macrophages or with IFN-gamma and LPS for classical macrophage activation (M1). To mimic the communication between cancer cells and TAMs, M0, M1 or M2 macrophages and HepG2 or A549 cancer cells were co-cultured during respectively 16 (HepG2) or 24 (A549) hours, before etoposide exposure for 24 (HepG2) or 16 (A549) hours. After the incubation, the impact of etoposide on macrophage polarization was studied and cancer cell apoptosis was assessed by western-blot for cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1 protein, caspase activity assay and FACS analysis of Annexin V and PI staining. Results mRNA and protein expression of M1 and M2 markers confirmed the polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages, which provide a new, easy and well-characterized model of polarized human macrophages. Etoposide-induced cancer cell apoptosis was markedly reduced in the presence of THP-1 M2 macrophages, while apoptosis was increased in cells co-cultured with M1 macrophages. On the other hand, etoposide did not influence M1 or M2 polarization. Conclusions These results evidence for the first time a clear protective effect of M2 on the contrary to M1 macrophages on etoposide-induced cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Genin
- URBC, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Martine Raes
- URBC, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Carine Michiels
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
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24
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Epalle T, Girardot F, Allegra S, Maurice-Blanc C, Garraud O, Riffard S. Viable but not culturable forms of Legionella pneumophila generated after heat shock treatment are infectious for macrophage-like and alveolar epithelial cells after resuscitation on Acanthamoeba polyphaga. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:215-224. [PMID: 25074793 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionellosis is transmitted to human through aerosols from environmental sources and invades lung's macrophages. It also can invade and replicate within various protozoan species in environmental reservoirs. Following exposures to various stresses, L. pneumophila enters a non-replicative viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Here, we evaluated whether VBNC forms of three L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains (Philadelphia GFP 008, clinical 044 and environmental RNN) infect differentiated macrophage-like cell lines (U937 and HL-60), A549 alveolar cells and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. VBNC forms obtained following shocks at temperatures ranging from 50 to 70 °C for 5 to 60 min were quantified using a flow cytometric assay (FCA). Their loss of culturability was checked on BCYE agar medium. VBNC forms were systematically detected upon a 70 °C heat shock for 30 min. When testing their potential to resuscitate upon amoebal infection, VBNC forms obtained after 30 min at 70 °C were re-cultivated except for the clinical strain. No resuscitation or cell lysis was evidenced when using U937, HL-60, or A549 cells despite the use of various contact times and culture media. None of the strains tested could infect A. polyphaga, macrophage-like or alveolar epithelial cells after a 60-min treatment at 70 °C. However, heat-treated VBNC forms were able to infect macrophage-like or alveolar epithelial cells following their resuscitation on A. polyphaga. These results suggest that heat-generated VBNC forms of L. pneumophila (i) are not infectious for macrophage-like or alveolar epithelial cells in vitro although resuscitation is still possible using amoeba, and (ii) may become infectious for human cell lines following a previous interaction with A. polyphaga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Epalle
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), EA 3064, SFR 143, University of Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
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Yu JH, Kim H. Oxidative stress and cytokines in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:97-102. [PMID: 25337577 PMCID: PMC4204162 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive, drug-resistant and lethal types of cancer with poor prognosis. Various factors including reactive oxygen species, cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins are reported to be involved in the development of pancreatic cancer. However, the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer has not been completely elucidated. Oxidative stress has been shown to contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer. Evidences supporting the role of reactive oxygen species and cytokines as a risk for pancreatic cancer and the concept of antioxidant supplementation as a preventive approach for pancreatic cancer have been proposed. Here, we review the literature on oxidative stress, cytokine expression, inflammatory signaling, and natural antioxidant supplementation in relation to pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Yu
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Yu KH, Ricigliano M, Hidalgo M, Abou-Alfa GK, Lowery MA, Saltz LB, Crotty JF, Gary K, Cooper B, Lapidus R, Sadowska M, O'Reilly EM. Pharmacogenomic modeling of circulating tumor and invasive cells for prediction of chemotherapy response and resistance in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5281-9. [PMID: 25107917 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite a challenging prognosis, modern cytotoxic therapy can induce tumor responses and extend life in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Pharmacogenomic (PGx) modeling of tumor tissue can predict the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in preclinical cancer models. We hypothesized that PGx profiling of circulating tumor and invasive cells (CTIC) isolated from peripheral blood could predict tumor response, progression, and resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A PGx model was created and validated in preclinical models. A prospective clinical trial was conducted. Fifty patients with advanced PDAC were enrolled. Before treatment, 10 mL of peripherally drawn blood was collected. CTICs isolated from this blood sample were expression profiled and the PGx model was used to predict effective and ineffective chemotherapeutic agents. The treating physicians were blinded to PGx prediction. RESULTS We found that CTICs could be reliably isolated, total RNA extracted and profiled from 10 mL of peripheral blood from patients with unresectable PDAC before chemotherapy treatment and at disease progression. Using previously created PGx models to predict chemotherapy sensitivity, we found that clinical benefit was seen for study participants treated with chemotherapy regimens predicted to be effective versus chemotherapy regimens predicted to be ineffective with regard to progression-free (10.4 mo vs. 3.6 mo; P < 0.0001; HR, 0.14) and overall survival (17.2 mo vs. 8.3 mo; P < 0.0249; HR, 0.29). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PGx profiling of CTICs can predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Maeve A Lowery
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Leonard B Saltz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Joseph F Crotty
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kristen Gary
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Brandon Cooper
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rena Lapidus
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mariola Sadowska
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Dehai C, Bo P, Qiang T, Lihua S, Fang L, Shi J, Jingyan C, Yan Y, Guangbin W, Zhenjun Y. Enhanced invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells after co-culture with THP-1-derived macrophages via the induction of EMT by IL-6. Immunol Lett 2014; 160:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Additive effects of EGF and IL-1β regulate tumor cell migration and invasion in gastric adenocarcinoma via activation of ERK1/2. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:291-301. [PMID: 24789460 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and inflammatory factors are associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA); however, the additive effects of growth and inflammatory factors in GA remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the ability of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin (IL-1β) to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in GA cells, and correlated the relationships between their roles with the metastatic potential both in GA cells and GA tissues. The effects of EGF, IL-1β and EGF plus IL-1β in AGS and MKN-45 GA cells were examined using western blotting, Transwell migration and invasion assays, immunocytochemical staining and an activator protein (AP)-1 luciferase reporter gene assay, and was further characterized in GA tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results exhibited that EGF and IL-1β additively activated ERK1/2, increased migration and invasion than either EGF or IL-1β alone in AGS and MKN-45 cells. The mechanisms were involved in upregulating MMP-9 expression through increasing AP-1 transcriptional activity via ERK1/2 pathway; these effects were dose-dependently inhibited by silencing ERK1/2 or using U0126. In vivo data also confirmed that the overexpression of p-ERK1/2 in GA tissues correlated well with the EGF, IL-1β, EGF plus IL-1β, and was associated with metastasis, which was well correlation with the expression of MMP-9 and c-fos (AP-1). The results demonstrate that growth and inflammatory factors play an important role in metastasis of GA by additively activating ERK-1/2 and AP-1, and upregulating MMP-9. As both cytokines contribute to the migration and invasion of GA cells, EGF/IL-1β/ERK1/2 pathways may be key pathways closely associated with GA progression.
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Lakhanpal M, Yadav DS, Devi TR, Singh LC, Singh KJ, Latha SP, Chauhan PS, Verma Y, Zomavia E, Sharma J, Chandra Kataki A, Saxena S, Kapur S. Association of interleukin-1β -511 C/T polymorphism with tobacco-associated cancer in northeast India: a study on oral and gastric cancer. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:1-11. [PMID: 24561215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism is associated with increased IL-1 production and with increased risk of developing cancers. In this study, 251 patients (125 with gastric cancer [GC] and 126 with oral cancer [OC]) and 207 normal controls from northeast (NE) India were genotyped for the IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing. Analysis of results showed betel-quid chewing to be a major risk factor (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.05-3.87; P = 0.035) for OC. Inheritance of the IL-1β -511 CT or TT resulted in a 2.6- to 3.05-fold increase in the risk of developing OC relative to that of participants who possessed the reference genotype (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.06-6.22; P = 0.036 and OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.22-7.63; P = 0.017), after adjusting for potential confounders. The dominant genetic model also confirmed the presence of the T allele as a significant risk factor for OC (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.15-6.42; P = 0.02). In GC, interaction of the CT genotype with tobacco and betel-quid chewing habits conferred a significant 78% and 89% reduced risk of cancer, respectively. In conclusion, for the NE Indian population, the IL-1β -511 CC and CT genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of OC. However, the interaction of the CT genotype with risk habits may play a preventive role for GC but not for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Lakhanpal
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh Yadav
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Thoudam Regina Devi
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Laishram Chandreshwor Singh
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Santhi P Latha
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Chauhan
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunita Saxena
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujala Kapur
- National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjang Hospital Campus, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
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Simultaneous knock-down of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 induces apoptosis through Bax activation in pancreatic cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2980-2987. [PMID: 23954445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins have been reported to play an important role in apoptotic cell death of human malignancies. The aim of this study was to delineate the mechanism of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in pancreatic cancer (PaCa) cell survival. We first analyzed the endogenous expression and subcellular localization of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in six PaCa cell lines by Western blot. To delineate the functional role of Bcl-2 family proteins, siRNA-mediated knock-down of protein expression was used. Apoptosis was measured by Cell Death ELISA and Hoechst 33258 staining. In the results, the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins varied between PaCa cell lines. Mcl-1 knock-down resulted in marked cleavage of PARP and induction of apoptosis. Down-regulation of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL had a much weaker effect. Simultaneous knock-down of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 strongly induced apoptosis, but simultaneous knock-down of Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 or Mcl-1/Bcl-2 had no additive effect. The apoptosis-inducing effect of simultaneous knock-down of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 was associated with translocation of Bax from the cytosol to the mitochondrial membrane, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. These results demonstrated that Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 play an important role in pancreatic cancer cell survival. Targeting both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 may be an intriguing therapeutic strategy in PaCa.
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Roshani R, McCarthy F, Hagemann T. Inflammatory cytokines in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:157-63. [PMID: 23879960 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal types of cancer with poor prognosis. Despite extensive efforts, the current treatment methods have limited success. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are required. The pancreatic tumor microenvironment is rich in growth factors and inflammatory cytokines that support tumor growth, and it is highly immunosuppressive. Up-regulation of cytokine pathways has been shown to modulate PDAC progression and immune evasion; therefore targeting cytokines may have therapeutic benefits. In this review we provide an overview of current understanding of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pancreatic cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Roshani
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Fiona McCarthy
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Thorsten Hagemann
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Wörmann SM, Diakopoulos KN, Lesina M, Algül H. The immune network in pancreatic cancer development and progression. Oncogene 2013; 33:2956-67. [PMID: 23851493 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of stromal desmoplasia is a hallmark of spontaneous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, forming a unique microenvironment that comprises many cell types. Only recently, the immune system has entered the pathophysiology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development. Tumor cells in the pancreas seem to dysbalance the immune system, thus facilitating spontaneous cancer development. This review will try to assemble all relevant data to demonstrate the implications of the immune network on spontaneous cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wörmann
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K N Diakopoulos
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Lesina
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H Algül
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Mitsunaga S, Ikeda M, Shimizu S, Ohno I, Furuse J, Inagaki M, Higashi S, Kato H, Terao K, Ochiai A. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1β can predict the efficacy of gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2063-9. [PMID: 23591198 PMCID: PMC3670479 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With this study, we sought to characterise the impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the outcomes of gemcitabine monotherapy (GEM) in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS Treatment-naive patients with advanced PC and no obvious infections were eligible for enrolment. All of the patients were scheduled to undergo systemic chemotherapy. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using an electro-chemiluminescence assay method before chemotherapy. High cytokine levels were defined as values greater than the median. Clinical data were collected prospectively. RESULTS Sixty patients who received GEM were included in the analysis. High IL-6 and IL-1β levels were poor prognostic factors for overall survival in a multivariate analysis (P=0.011 and P=0.048, respectively). Patients with both a high IL-6 level and a high IL-1β level exhibited shortened overall and progression-free survival, a reduction in the tumour control rate, and a high dose intensity of GEM compared with patients with low levels of both IL-6 and IL-1β. CONCLUSION The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1β predict the efficacy of GEM in patients with advanced PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitsunaga
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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Xu J, Yin Z, Cao S, Gao W, Liu L, Yin Y, Liu P, Shu Y. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between IL-1B polymorphisms and cancer risk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63654. [PMID: 23704929 PMCID: PMC3660576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is emerging as a key mediator of carcinogenesis that characterizes host-environment interactions. Epidemiological studies investigating the association between two polymorphisms of IL-1B (-511C/T and +3954C/T) and cancer susceptibility have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study is to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. METHODS Related studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science from their inception to September 15, 2012. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the IL-1B -511C/T and +3954C/T polymorphisms and cancer risk were calculated. Heterogeneity among studies and publication bias were also tested. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 91 case-control studies in 85 publications, 81 studies for the -511C/T (19547 cases and 23935 controls) and 26 studies for the +3954C/T polymorphisms (8083 cases and 9183). The pooled results indicated that IL-1B +3954C/T (dominant model: OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30) was significantly associated with increased overall cancer risk, especially among hospital-based case-control studies (dominant model: OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.66). As for -511C/T, we observed an inverse relationship in cervical cancer (dominant model: OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.35-2.23) and hepatocellular carcinoma (dominant model: OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47-0.99). Moreover, -511C/T was associated with risk of specific subtypes of gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that both the IL-1B -511C/T and +3954C/T polymorphisms might modulate cancer susceptibility. Further well-designed studies based on larger sample sizes should be performed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songyu Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Ma L, Lan F, Zheng Z, Xie F, Wang L, Liu W, Han J, Zheng F, Xie Y, Huang Q. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin (IL)-1β synergistically promote ERK1/2-mediated invasive breast ductal cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:79. [PMID: 23083134 PMCID: PMC3537707 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with invasive breast ductal carcinoma (IBDC) with metastasis have a very poor prognosis. Little is known about the synergistic action of growth and inflammatory factors in IBDC metastases. Methods The expression of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (phosphorylated or p-ERK1/2) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in IBDC tissue samples from 80 cases. BT474 IBDC cell migration and invasion were quantified using the Transwell assay. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activity were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and zymography. Activator protein (AP)-1 activity was measured with a luciferase reporter gene assay. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square test, the partition of Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Spearman’s method were used for the statistical analysis. Results Phosphorylated ERK1/2 was detected in 58/80 (72.5%) IBDC tissues, and was associated with higher TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, but not patient age or tumor size. Individually, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and interleukin (IL)-1β activated ERK1/2, increased cell migration and invasion, MMP-9 expression and activity, AP-1 activation in vitro and the expression of p-ERK1/2 was positively correlated with EGF expression levels, as well as IL-1β, MMP-9 and c-fos in IBDC tissue samples. Co-stimulation with EGF and IL-1β synergistically increased ERK1/2 and AP-1 activation, cell migration and invasion, and MMP-9 expression and activity. Inhibition of ERK1/2 using U0126 or siRNA abolished EGF and/or IL-1β-induced cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Activated ERK1/2 was associated with higher TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in IBDC. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that ERK-1/2 activation may increase the metastatic ability of IBDC cells. Growth and inflammatory factors synergistically induced IBDC cell migration and invasion via ERK1/2 signaling, AP-1 activation and MMP-9 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Ma
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350025, China
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Li X, Ma Q, Xu Q, Duan W, Lei J, Wu E. Targeting the cancer-stroma interaction: a potential approach for pancreatic cancer treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:2404-15. [PMID: 22372501 DOI: 10.2174/13816128112092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the interaction between the cancer and the stroma, play a key role in the development of pancreatic cancer. The desmoplasia, which consists of fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells, lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells, immune cells, pathologic increased nerves, and the extracellular matrix (ECM), creates a complex tumor microenvironment that promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, the potential approach for targeting the components of this desmoplastic reaction or the pancreatic tumor microenvironment might represent a novel therapeutic approach to advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Novel therapies that target on the pancreatic tumor microenvironment should become one of the more effective treatments for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Castells M, Thibault B, Delord JP, Couderc B. Implication of tumor microenvironment in chemoresistance: tumor-associated stromal cells protect tumor cells from cell death. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:9545-9571. [PMID: 22949815 PMCID: PMC3431813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development principally occurs following the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells. These changes pave the way for the transformation of chemosensitive cells to chemoresistant ones by influencing the uptake, metabolism, or export of drugs at the cellular level. Numerous reports have revealed the complexity of tumors and their microenvironment with tumor cells located within a heterogeneous population of stromal cells. These stromal cells (fibroblasts, endothelial or mesothelial cells, adipocytes or adipose tissue-derived stromal cells, immune cells and bone marrow-derived stem cells) could be involved in the chemoresistance that is acquired by tumor cells via several mechanisms: (i) cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions influencing the cancer cell sensitivity to apoptosis; (ii) local release of soluble factors promoting survival and tumor growth (crosstalk between stromal and tumor cells); (iii) direct cell-cell interactions with tumor cells (crosstalk or oncologic trogocytosis); (iv) generation of specific niches within the tumor microenvironment that facilitate the acquisition of drug resistance; or (v) conversion of the cancer cells to cancer-initiating cells or cancer stem cells. This review will focus on the implication of each member of the heterogeneous population of stromal cells in conferring resistance to cytotoxins and physiological mediators of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bettina Couderc
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-5-61-42-46-44; Fax: +33-5-61-42-46-31
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Schmieder A, Multhoff G, Radons J. Interleukin-33 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and modulates its receptor gene expression in highly metastatic human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Cytokine 2012; 60:514-21. [PMID: 22819319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal of all solid tissue malignancies. Pancreatic inflammation plays a key role in the development of pancreatic malignancy mediated by pro-inflammatory signalling cascades. Despite advances in surgery and radiation oncology, no significant improvements in overall survival have yet been achieved. Recent investigations suggest a crucial role of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a novel IL-1 family cytokine, in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis and possibly pancreatic cancer. However, the precise role of IL-33 in pancreatic carcinogenesis is poorly understood. As IL-33 mediates its effects via the heterodimeric ST2L/IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) receptor complex, we investigated the influence of IL-33 alone, IL-33 combined with IL-1 and other inflammatory cytokines on IL-33 receptor/ligand mRNA expression and production of tumorigenic factors in the highly metastatic human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line Colo357. Our results demonstrated that IL-1 and IL-3 up-regulated IL-33 mRNA while IL-12 showed the opposite effect. We also detected a counter-regulatory effect of IL-33 and IL-1 on the mRNA expression of soluble IL-33 receptor ST2 and membrane-bound receptor ST2L. Furthermore, IL-33 and IL-1 acted synergistically in up-regulating secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6. IL-33 alone stimulated spontaneous release of pro-angiogenic IL-8, but it did not affect IL-1-induced IL-8 secretion. IL-33/IL-1 effects on cytokine production appear to be mediated via NF-κB activation. These data argue for the pro-inflammatory role of IL-33 in Colo357 cells implying that IL-33 might act as a crucial mediator in inflammation-associated pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Schmieder
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
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Evans A, Costello E. The role of inflammatory cells in fostering pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion. Front Physiol 2012; 3:270. [PMID: 22969725 PMCID: PMC3431795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment accommodates a variety of cell types and a plethora of complex interactions between tumor cells, host cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Here we review the role of inflammatory cells, in particular mast cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, T regulatory cells, T helper cells and neutrophils. The picture that emerges is that of a tumor microenvironment, in which the immune response is actively suppressed, and inflammatory cells contribute in a variety of ways to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Evans
- Liverpool Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
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Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis identify the integrin signaling pathway to be altered by IL-1β in human pancreatic cancer cells: Role of JNK. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anton K, Banerjee D, Glod J. Macrophage-associated mesenchymal stem cells assume an activated, migratory, pro-inflammatory phenotype with increased IL-6 and CXCL10 secretion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35036. [PMID: 22496888 PMCID: PMC3319627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit tropism for sites of tissue injury and tumors. However, the influence of the microenvironment on MSC phenotype and localization remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we begin to define a macrophage-induced MSC phenotype. These MSCs secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL5, and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (CXCL10) and exhibit increased mobility in response to multiple soluble factors produced by macrophages including IL-8, CCL2, and CCL5. The pro-migratory phenotype is dependent on activation of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. This work begins to identify the influence of macrophages on MSC biology. These interactions are likely to play an important role in the tissue inflammatory response and may provide insight into the migratory potential of MSCs in inflammation and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Anton
- Department of Pharmacology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Debabrata Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - John Glod
- Department of Pharmacology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a green tea-derived catechin, synergizes with celecoxib to inhibit IL-1-induced tumorigenic mediators by human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells Colo357. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 684:36-43. [PMID: 22497997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite their toxic side effects prostaglandin H(2) synthase-2 (PGHS-2) inhibitors hold promise for cancer chemoprevention. In order to overcome adverse effects lower doses of PGHS-2 inhibitors could be applied in combination with other agents exhibiting complementary effects. Herein, the effects of the PGHS-2-specific inhibitor celecoxib either alone or in combination with the green tea-derived catechin (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) were studied on the expression of interleukin (IL)-1-induced tumorigenic factors in Colo357 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. This approach mimics tumor-associated pancreatic inflammation which is considered as a key player in pancreatic malignancy. We found that co-incubation of Colo357 with celecoxib and EGCG synergistically diminished metabolic activity via apoptosis induction and down-regulated release of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and invasiveness-promoting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 to a maximum of 30%. Celecoxib and EGCG synergistically reduced IL-1-induced production of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and pro-angiogenic IL-8 to 23-50%. Celecoxib dose-dependently increased PGHS-2 levels. Whereas EGCG was able to compensate for celecoxib-mediated increase of PGHS-2, it failed to potentiate celecoxib-mediated suppression of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release. Thus, in Colo357, EGCG synergistically boosts celecoxib-mediated effects and reduces the levels of celecoxib required to elicit beneficial effects on tumorigenic mediators by a factor of ten.
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Multhoff G, Molls M, Radons J. Chronic inflammation in cancer development. Front Immunol 2012; 2:98. [PMID: 22566887 PMCID: PMC3342348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory mediators exert pleiotropic effects in the development of cancer. On the one hand, inflammation favors carcinogenesis, malignant transformation, tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic spread; on the other hand inflammation can stimulate immune effector mechanisms that might limit tumor growth. The link between cancer and inflammation depends on intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Both pathways result in the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB, STAT-3, and HIF-1 and in accumulation of tumorigenic factors in tumor and microenvironment. STAT-3 and NF-κB interact at multiple levels and thereby boost tumor-associated inflammation which can suppress anti-tumor immune responses. These factors also promote tumor growth, progression, and metastatic spread. IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and PGHS-2 are key mediators of an inflammatory milieu by modulating the expression of tumor-promoting factors. In this review we concentrate on the crucial role of pro-inflammatory mediators in inflammation-driven carcinogenesis and outline molecular mechanisms of IL-1 signaling in tumors. In addition, we elucidate the dual roles of stress proteins as danger signals in the development of anti-cancer immunity and anti-apoptotic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München Munich, Germany.
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EGCG downregulates IL-1RI expression and suppresses IL-1-induced tumorigenic factors in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1153-62. [PMID: 21787753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pancreatic cancer is currently one of the fifth-leading causes of cancer-related mortality with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Since pancreatic carcinoma is largely refractory to conventional therapies, there is a strong medical need for the development of novel and innovative therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidence suggests an association of carcinogenesis and chronic inflammation. Because IL-1 plays a crucial role in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis, we analyzed the biological effects of IL-1 and its modulation by the chemopreventive green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line Colo357. Proinflammatory IL-6 and PGHS-2 as well as proangiogenic IL-8 and VEGF were induced by IL-1, whereas the secretion of invasion-promoting MMP-2 remained unaffected. IL-1 responsiveness and constitutive MMP-2 release in Colo357 were downregulated by EGCG in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, EGCG reduced cell viability via induction of apoptosis in Colo357. Since EGCG effects on cytokine production precede reduction in cell viability, we hypothesize that these findings are not only a result of cell death but also depend on alterations in the IL-1 signaling cascade. In this context, we found for the first time an EGCG-induced downregulation of the IL-1RI expression possibly being caused by NF-κB inhibition and causative for its inhibitory action on the production of tumorigenic factors. Thus, our data might have future clinical implications with respect to the development of novel approaches as an adjuvant therapy in high-risk patients with human pancreatic carcinoma.
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Takahashi H, Chen MC, Pham H, Angst E, King JC, Park J, Brovman EY, Ishiguro H, Harris DM, Reber HA, Hines OJ, Gukovskaya AS, Go VLW, Eibl G. Baicalein, a component of Scutellaria baicalensis, induces apoptosis by Mcl-1 down-regulation in human pancreatic cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1465-74. [PMID: 21596068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) and SB-derived polyphenols possess anti-proliferative activities in several cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PaCa). However, the precise molecular mechanisms have not been fully defined. SB extract and SB-derived polyphenols (wogonin, baicalin, and baicalein) were used to determine their anti-proliferative mechanisms. Baicalein significantly inhibited the proliferation of PaCa cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, whereas wogonin and baicalin exhibited a much less robust effect. Treatment with baicalein induced apoptosis with release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and activation of caspase-3 and -7 and PARP. The general caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk reversed baicalein-induced apoptosis, indicating a caspase-dependent mechanism. Baicalein decreased expression of Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family, presumably through a transcriptional mechanism. Genetic knockdown of Mcl-1 resulted in marked induction of apoptosis. The effect of baicalein on apoptosis was significantly attenuated by Mcl-1 over-expression, suggesting a critical role of Mcl-1 in this process. Our results provide evidence that baicalein induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Iudicibus SD, Franca R, Martelossi S, Ventura A, Decorti G. Molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid resistance in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1095-108. [PMID: 21448414 PMCID: PMC3063901 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i9.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely employed in a number of inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, and, despite the introduction of novel therapies, remain the first-line treatment for inducing remission in moderate to severe active Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite their extensive therapeutic use and the proven effectiveness, considerable clinical evidence of wide inter-individual differences in GC efficacy among patients has been reported, in particular when these agents are used in inflammatory diseases. In recent years, a detailed knowledge of the GC mechanism of action and of the genetic variants affecting GC activity at the molecular level has arisen from several studies. GCs interact with their cytoplasmic receptor, and are able to repress inflammatory gene expression through several distinct mechanisms. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is therefore crucial for the effects of these agents: mutations in the GR gene (NR3C1, nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) are the primary cause of a rare, inherited form of GC resistance; in addition, several polymorphisms of this gene have been described and associated with GC response and toxicity. However, the GR is not self-standing in the cell and the receptor-mediated functions are the result of a complex interplay of GR and many other cellular partners. The latter comprise several chaperonins of the large cooperative hetero-oligomeric complex that binds the hormone-free GR in the cytosol, and several factors involved in the transcriptional machinery and chromatin remodeling, that are critical for the hormonal control of target genes transcription in the nucleus. Furthermore, variants in the principal effectors of GCs (e.g. cytokines and their regulators) have also to be taken into account for a comprehensive evaluation of the variability in GC response. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the transport and/or metabolism of these hormones have also been suggested as other possible candidates of interest that could play a role in the observed inter-individual differences in efficacy and toxicity. The best-characterized example is the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein, a membrane transporter that extrudes GCs from cells, thereby lowering their intracellular concentration. This protein is encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene; this gene presents different known polymorphic sites that can influence its expression and function. This editorial reviews the current knowledge on this topic and underlines the role of genetics in predicting GC clinical response. The ambitious goal of pharmacogenomic studies is to adapt therapies to a patient’s specific genetic background, thus improving on efficacy and safety rates.
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Angst E, Dawson DW, Stroka D, Gloor B, Park J, Candinas D, Reber HA, Hines OJ, Eibl G. N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 expression correlates with reduced pancreatic cancer growth and increased apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Surgery 2011; 149:614-24. [PMID: 21236457 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) in cancer has recently gained interest, as potential regulator of cell death and tumor suppressor. Although its normal function in the pancreas is largely unknown, loss of NDRG1 expression is associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and poor outcome in pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS NDRG1 expression was determined in human pancreatic cancer samples and across a panel of 6 pancreatic cancer cell lines. HPAF-II cells were stably transfected with full-length NDRG1 (HP(NDRG1)) or the empty vector (HP(NEG)). BxPC-3 cells were silenced for NDRG1. These cells were analyzed for cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, and pro-apoptotic gene expression. They were transduced with lentiviral vector expressing luciferase to establish an orthotopic xenograft model. In vivo tumor growth was assessed by bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS Growth of HP(NDRG1) was impaired in anchorage-dependent and abolished in anchorage-independent assays respectively. These results were confirmed in BxPC-3 silenced for NDRG1. Growth inhibition was induced by enhanced apoptosis. Seven pro-apoptotic genes were up-regulated in HP(NDRG1) cells. In vivo, HP(NDRG1) tumors showed no growth over 6 weeks, while HP(NEG) tumors grew prominently, correlating with a 325-fold increase in light emission. CONCLUSION In this model we found that expression of NDRG1 correlates with decreased growth in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The observation that NDRG1 completely inhibited growth in anchorage-independent assays and in vivo supports a biological function as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Angst
- Hirshberg Laboratories for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Banerjee S, Azmi AS, Padhye S, Singh MW, Baruah JB, Philip PA, Sarkar FH, Mohammad RM. Structure-activity studies on therapeutic potential of Thymoquinone analogs in pancreatic cancer. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1146-58. [PMID: 20422266 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest of all tumors. Previously, we were the first to show that Thymoquinone (TQ) derived from black seed (Nigella sativa) oil has anti-tumor activity against PC. However, the concentration of TQ required was considered to be high to show this efficacy. Therefore, novel analogs of TQ with lower IC(50) are highly desirable. METHODS We have synthesized a series of 27 new analogs of TQ by modifications at the carbonyl sites or the benzenoid sites using single pot synthesis and tested their biological activity in PC cells. RESULTS Among these compounds, TQ-2G, TQ-4A1 and TQ-5A1 (patent pending) were found to be more potent than TQ in terms of inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptosis and modulation of transcription factor-NF-kappaB. We also found that our novel analogs were able to sensitize gemcitabine and oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in MiaPaCa-2 (gemcitabine resistant) PC cells, which was associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, XIAP, COX-2 and the associated Prostaglandin E2. CONCLUSION From our results, we conclude that three of our novel TQ analogs warrant further investigation against PC, especially in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Banerjee
- Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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