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Abokyi S, Tse DYY. Age-related driving mechanisms of retinal diseases and neuroprotection by transcription factor EB-targeted therapy. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:366-377. [PMID: 38819040 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their development. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches, focusing on the activation of transcription factor EB. Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies, such as exercise, calorie restriction, rapamycin, and metformin, in patients and animal models of these common retinal diseases. The review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging, its neuroprotective effects, and its therapeutic potential for retinal disorders. The impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific, influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing pathways. In vascular endothelial cells, transcription factor EB controls important processes, including endothelial cell proliferation, endothelial tube formation, and nitric oxide levels, thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier, angiogenesis, and retinal microvasculature. Additionally, transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibiting vascular calcification and atherogenesis. In retinal pigment epithelial cells, transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy, lysosomal dynamics, and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin, thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in neovascularization. These cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis, neuronal synapse plasticity, energy metabolism, microvasculature, and inflammation, ultimately offering protection against retinal aging and diseases. The review emphasizes transcription factor EB as a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence to confirm the efficacy of transcription factor EB modulation in retinal diseases while minimizing its risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Center for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dennis Yan-Yin Tse
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Center for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Eye and Vision Research, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Wu J, Wang C, Sun S, Ren T, Pan L, Liu H, Hou S, Wu S, Yan X, Zhang J, Zhao X, Liu W, Zhu S, Wei S, Zhang C, Jia X, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Zhuo Y, Zhao Q, Yang C, Wang N. Single-cell transcriptomic Atlas of aging macaque ocular outflow tissues. Protein Cell 2024; 15:594-611. [PMID: 38366188 PMCID: PMC11259549 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The progressive degradation in the trabecular meshwork (TM) is related to age-related ocular diseases like primary open-angle glaucoma. However, the molecular basis and biological significance of the aging process in TM have not been fully elucidated. Here, we established a dynamic single-cell transcriptomic landscape of aged macaque TM, wherein we classified the outflow tissue into 12 cell subtypes and identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a prominent feature of TM aging. Furthermore, we divided TM cells into 13 clusters and performed an in-depth analysis on cluster 0, which had the highest aging score and the most significant changes in cell proportions between the two groups. Ultimately, we found that the APOE gene was an important differentially expressed gene in cluster 0 during the aging process, highlighting the close relationship between cell migration and extracellular matrix regulation, and TM function. Our work further demonstrated that silencing the APOE gene could increase migration and reduce apoptosis by releasing the inhibition on the PI3K-AKT pathway and downregulating the expression of extracellular matrix components, thereby increasing the aqueous outflow rate and maintaining intraocular pressure within the normal range. Our work provides valuable insights for future clinical diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chaoye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tianmin Ren
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Simeng Hou
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xuejing Yan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuwen Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ziyu Yu
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Liu LC, Chen YH, Lu DW. The Application of Rho Kinase Inhibitors in the Management of Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5576. [PMID: 38891764 PMCID: PMC11171673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that poses a significant threat of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current treatments for glaucoma focus on reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), which is the only modifiable risk factor. Traditional anti-glaucomatous agents, including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta-blockers, alpha-2 agonists, and prostaglandin analogs, work by either improving uveoscleral outflow or reducing aqueous humor production. Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors represent a novel class of anti-glaucomatous drugs that have emerged from bench to bedside in the past decade, offering multifunctional characteristics. Unlike conventional medications, ROCK inhibitors directly target the trabecular meshwork outflow pathway. This review aims to discuss the mechanism of ROCK inhibitors in reducing IOP, providing neuroprotection, and preventing fibrosis. We also highlight recent studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ROCK inhibitors, compare them with other clinical anti-glaucomatous medications, and outline future prospects for ROCK inhibitors in glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Da-Wen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (L.-C.L.); (Y.-H.C.)
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Coker ZN, Troyanova-Wood M, Steelman ZA, Ibey BL, Bixler JN, Scully MO, Yakovlev VV. Brillouin microscopy monitors rapid responses in subcellular compartments. PHOTONIX 2024; 5:9. [PMID: 38618142 PMCID: PMC11006764 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Measurements and imaging of the mechanical response of biological cells are critical for understanding the mechanisms of many diseases, and for fundamental studies of energy, signal and force transduction. The recent emergence of Brillouin microscopy as a powerful non-contact, label-free way to non-invasively and non-destructively assess local viscoelastic properties provides an opportunity to expand the scope of biomechanical research to the sub-cellular level. Brillouin spectroscopy has recently been validated through static measurements of cell viscoelastic properties, however, fast (sub-second) measurements of sub-cellular cytomechanical changes have yet to be reported. In this report, we utilize a custom multimodal spectroscopy system to monitor for the very first time the rapid viscoelastic response of cells and subcellular structures to a short-duration electrical impulse. The cytomechanical response of three subcellular structures - cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, and nucleoli - were monitored, showing distinct mechanical changes despite an identical stimulus. Through this pioneering transformative study, we demonstrate the capability of Brillouin spectroscopy to measure rapid, real-time biomechanical changes within distinct subcellular compartments. Our results support the promising future of Brillouin spectroscopy within the broad scope of cellular biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N. Coker
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- SAIC, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | | | - Zachary A. Steelman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Bennett L. Ibey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Joel N. Bixler
- Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA
| | - Marlan O. Scully
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3120 TAMU, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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Zhang Y, Huang S, Xie B, Zhong Y. Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Glaucoma. Aging Dis 2024; 15:546-564. [PMID: 37725658 PMCID: PMC10917531 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most serious risk factors for glaucoma, and according to age-standardized prevalence, glaucoma is the second leading cause of legal blindness worldwide. Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging that is defined by a stable exit from the cell cycle in response to cellular damage and stress. The potential mechanisms underlying glaucomatous cellular senescence include oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy/mitophagy, and epigenetic modifications. These phenotypes interact and generate a sufficiently stable network to maintain the cell senescent state. Senescent trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and vascular endothelial cells reportedly accumulate with age and stress and may contribute to glaucoma pathologies. Therapies targeting the suppression or elimination of senescent cells have been found to ameliorate RGC death and improve vision in glaucoma models, suggesting the pivotal role of cellular senescence in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. In this review, we explore the biological links between aging and glaucoma, specifically delving into cellular senescence. Moreover, we summarize the current data on cellular senescence in key target cells associated with the development and clinical phenotypes of glaucoma. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting cellular senescence for the management of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shouyue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yisheng Zhong () and Bing Xie (), Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yisheng Zhong () and Bing Xie (), Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Moon S, Park J, Lim S, Suh SY, Le A, Demer JL. Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Demonstrates Pediatric Optic Disc and Peripapillary Strain During Horizontal Eye Rotation. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:437-445. [PMID: 38185657 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2295789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: We employed automated analysis of scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) to determine if mechanical strains imposed on disc, and retinal and choroidal vessels during horizontal duction in children differ from those of adults.Methods: Thirty-one children aged 11.3 ± 2.7 (standard deviation) years underwent SLO in central gaze, and 35° ab- and adduction. Automated registration with deep learning-based optical flow analysis quantified vessel deformations as horizontal, vertical, shear, and equivalent strains. Choroidal vessel displacements in lightly pigmented fundi, and central disc vessel displacements, were also observed.Results: As in adults, strain in vessels during horizontal duction was greatest at the disc and decreased with distance from it. Strain in the pediatric disc was similar to published values in young adults,1 but in the peripapillary region was greater and propagated significantly more peripherally to at least three disc radii from it. During adduction in children, the nasal disc was compressed and disc vessels distorted, but the temporal half experienced tensile strain, while peripapillary tissues were compressed. The pattern was similar but strains were less in abduction (p < .001). Choroidal vessels were visualized in 24 of the 62 eyes and shifted directionally opposite overlying retinal vessels.Conclusions: Horizontal duction deforms the normal pediatric optic disc, central retinal vessels, peripapillary retina, and choroid, shearing the inner retina over the choroid. These mechanical effects occur at the sites of remodeling of the disc, sclera, and choroid associated with typical adult features that later emerge later, including optic cup enlargement, temporal disc tilting, and peripapillary atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyuk Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seongjin Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soh Youn Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Le
- Alcon Research, Ltd, Lake Forest, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Demer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pitha I, Du L, Nguyen TD, Quigley H. IOP and glaucoma damage: The essential role of optic nerve head and retinal mechanosensors. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101232. [PMID: 38110030 PMCID: PMC10960268 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
There are many unanswered questions on the relation of intraocular pressure to glaucoma development and progression. IOP itself cannot be distilled to a single, unifying value, because IOP level varies over time, differs depending on ocular location, and can be affected by method of measurement. Ultimately, IOP level creates mechanical strain that affects axonal function at the optic nerve head which causes local extracellular matrix remodeling and retinal ganglion cell death - hallmarks of glaucoma and the cause of glaucomatous vision loss. Extracellular tissue strain at the ONH and lamina cribrosa is regionally variable and differs in magnitude and location between healthy and glaucomatous eyes. The ultimate targets of IOP-induced tissue strain in glaucoma are retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic nerve head and the cells that support axonal function (astrocytes, the neurovascular unit, microglia, and fibroblasts). These cells sense tissue strain through a series of signals that originate at the cell membrane and alter cytoskeletal organization, migration, differentiation, gene transcription, and proliferation. The proteins that translate mechanical stimuli into molecular signals act as band-pass filters - sensing some stimuli while ignoring others - and cellular responses to stimuli can differ based on cell type and differentiation state. Therefore, to fully understand the IOP signals that are relevant to glaucoma, it is necessary to understand the ultimate cellular targets of IOP-induced mechanical stimuli and their ability to sense, ignore, and translate these signals into cellular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Pitha
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liya Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thao D Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry Quigley
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Glaucoma Center of Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wang L, Zhang S, Han Y, Tang S, Li J, Bu L, Zhao D, Deng H. An effective pharmacological hydrogel induces optic nerve repair and improves visual function. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:529-542. [PMID: 38041780 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible eye lesions, such as glaucoma and traumatic optic neuropathy, can cause blindness; however, no effective treatments exist. The optic nerve, in particular, lacks the capacity to spontaneously regenerate, requiring the development of an effective approach for optic nerve repair, which has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of the small molecules 3BDO and trichostatin A (TSA)-which regulate mTOR and HDAC, respectively-packaged in thermosensitive hydrogel for 4-week-sustained release after intravitreal injection, effectively induced optic nerve regeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve crush injury. Moreover, this combination of 3BDO and TSA also protected axon projections and improved visual responses in an old mouse model (11 months old) of glaucoma. Taken together, our data provide a new, local small molecule-based treatment for the effective induction of optic nerve repair, which may represent a foundation for the development of pharmacological methods to treat irreversible eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yawen Han
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lina Bu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China.
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van Koeverden AK, Afiat BC, Nguyen CT, Bui BV, Lee PY. Understanding how ageing impacts ganglion cell susceptibility to injury in glaucoma. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:147-155. [PMID: 37980904 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2279734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, with a marked increase in prevalence with advancing age. Due to the multifactorial nature of glaucoma pathogenesis, dissecting how ageing impacts upon glaucoma risk requires analysis and synthesis of evidence from a vast literature. While there is a wealth of human clinical studies examining glaucoma pathogenesis and why older patients have increased risk, many aspects of the disease such as adaptations of retinal ganglion cells to stress, autophagy and the role of glial cells in glaucoma, require the use of animal models to study the complex cellular processes and interactions. Additionally, the accelerated nature of ageing in rodents facilitates the longitudinal study of changes that would not be feasible in human clinical studies. This review article examines evidence derived predominantly from rodent models on how the ageing process impacts upon various aspects of glaucoma pathology from the retinal ganglion cells themselves, to supporting cells and tissues such as glial cells, connective tissue and vasculature, in addition to oxidative stress and autophagy. An improved understanding of how ageing modifies these factors may lead to the development of different therapeutic strategies that target specific risk factors or processes involved in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K van Koeverden
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brianna C Afiat
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine To Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Lee
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Okeke CO, Cothran NL, Brinkley DA, Rahmatnejad K, Rodiño FJ, Deom JE. Latanoprostene Bunod 0.024% in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma Switched from Prior Pharmacotherapy: A Retrospective Chart Review. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:409-422. [PMID: 38348139 PMCID: PMC10859762 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s442940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Latanoprostene bunod 0.024% (LBN, Vyzulta®) is a nitric oxide-donating prostaglandin analog (PGA). We investigated the real-world efficacy and safety of LBN in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) who switched their existing intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment(s) to LBN. Methods This non-interventional, multicenter (United States), retrospective chart review included patients aged ≥18 years with OHT and/or mild-to-moderate OAG diagnoses taking 1-2 IOP-lowering treatments at the time of switch to LBN (index visit). Chart-extracted data included demographics, diagnoses, IOP and ocular assessments, other IOP-lowering treatments, adverse events (AEs), and reasons for discontinuation. The main study outcome was IOP change from the index visit to each of the next 2 chart-recorded follow-up visits. Analysis groups included the overall dataset and 2 subgroups of patients switched from PGA therapy to LBN: "PGA-all" subgroup [all patients previously on a PGA with/without another IOP-lowering product] and "PGA-monotherapy" subgroup [patients previously on a PGA alone]). Additional ocular outcomes (eg, visual acuity) were examined, if available. Results The overall dataset included 49 patients (46 had OAD alone, 2 had OHT alone, and 1 had both). The PGA-all subgroup and PGA-monotherapy subgroups had 41 and 32 patients, respectively. Switching to LBN led to a ~25% IOP reduction from the index visit to Visit 1 that was sustained at Visit 2. IOP findings in the PGA-all and PGA-monotherapy subgroups were consistent with the overall dataset. No meaningful changes in other ocular outcomes were found. Of 14 ocular AEs, 3 were recorded as such (mild in severity, considered unrelated to treatment), and 11 were identified through review of interval ocular histories (no severity/relatedness information); none led to discontinuation. Conclusion In this short-term retrospective chart review of mild-to-moderate OAG/OHT, switching prior IOP-lowering therapy to LBN produced an additional ~25% IOP reduction and appeared to be well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James E Deom
- Hazleton Eye Specialists, Hazle Township, PA, USA
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Tang Y, Fang C, Shi J, Chen H, Chen X, Yao X. Antioxidant potential of chlorogenic acid in Age-Related eye diseases. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1162. [PMID: 38189160 PMCID: PMC10772849 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important mechanism of aging, and in turn, aging can also aggravate oxidative stress, which leads to a vicious cycle. In the process of the brain converting light into visual signals, the eye is stimulated by harmful blue-light radiation directly. Thus, the eye is especially vulnerable to oxidative stress and becomes one of the organs most seriously involved during the aging process. Cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and dry eye are inextricably linked to the aging process and oxidative stress. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and its validity has been established experimentally in numerous fields, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, cancers, and other chronic diseases. There has previously been evidence of CGA's therapeutic effect in the field of ophthalmopathy. Considering that many ophthalmic drugs lead to systemic side effects, CGA may act as a natural exogenous antioxidant for patients to take regularly, controlling their condition while minimizing side effects. In this paper, in vitro and in vivo studies of CGA in the treatment of age-related eye diseases are reviewed, and the prospects of CGA's antioxidant application for the eye are discussed. The aim of this review is to summarize the relevant knowledge and provide theoretical support for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
- Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Chi Fang
- Department of Scientific ResearchThe First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Jian Shi
- Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Huimei Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
- Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
- Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
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Braeu FA, Chuangsuwanich T, Tun TA, Perera S, Husain R, Thiery AH, Aung T, Barbastathis G, Girard MJA. AI-based clinical assessment of optic nerve head robustness superseding biomechanical testing. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:223-231. [PMID: 36627175 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To use artificial intelligence (AI) to: (1) exploit biomechanical knowledge of the optic nerve head (ONH) from a relatively large population; (2) assess ONH robustness (ie, sensitivity of the ONH to changes in intraocular pressure (IOP)) from a single optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scan of the ONH without the need for biomechanical testing and (3) identify what critical three-dimensional (3D) structural features dictate ONH robustness. METHODS 316 subjects had their ONHs imaged with OCT before and after acute IOP elevation through ophthalmo-dynamometry. IOP-induced lamina cribrosa (LC) deformations were then mapped in 3D and used to classify ONHs. Those with an average effective LC strain superior to 4% were considered fragile, while those with a strain inferior to 4% robust. Learning from these data, we compared three AI algorithms to predict ONH robustness strictly from a baseline (undeformed) OCT volume: (1) a random forest classifier; (2) an autoencoder and (3) a dynamic graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN). The latter algorithm also allowed us to identify what critical 3D structural features make a given ONH robust. RESULTS All three methods were able to predict ONH robustness from a single OCT volume scan alone and without the need to perform biomechanical testing. The DGCNN (area under the curve (AUC): 0.76±0.08) outperformed the autoencoder (AUC: 0.72±0.09) and the random forest classifier (AUC: 0.69±0.05). Interestingly, to assess ONH robustness, the DGCNN mainly used information from the scleral canal and the LC insertion sites. CONCLUSIONS We propose an AI-driven approach that can assess the robustness of a given ONH solely from a single OCT volume scan of the ONH, and without the need to perform biomechanical testing. Longitudinal studies should establish whether ONH robustness could help us identify fast visual field loss progressors. PRECIS Using geometric deep learning, we can assess optic nerve head robustness (ie, sensitivity to a change in IOP) from a standard OCT scan that might help to identify fast visual field loss progressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Braeu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Thanadet Chuangsuwanich
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Tin A Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Shamira Perera
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Rahat Husain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Alexandre H Thiery
- Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - George Barbastathis
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michaël J A Girard
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Ning K, Tran M, Kowal TJ, Mesentier-Louro LA, Sendayen BE, Wang Q, Lo CH, Li T, Majumder R, Luo J, Hu Y, Liao YJ, Sun Y. Compartmentalized ciliation changes of oligodendrocytes in aged mouse optic nerve. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25273. [PMID: 38284846 PMCID: PMC10827352 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles that project from the apical surface of most mammalian cells, including oligodendrocytes, which are myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that support critical axonal function. Dysfunction of CNS glia is associated with aging-related white matter diseases and neurodegeneration, and ciliopathies are known to affect CNS white matter. To investigate age-related changes in ciliary profile, we examined ciliary length and frequency in the retinogeniculate pathway, a white matter tract commonly affected by diseases of aging but in which expression of cilia has not been characterized. We found expression of Arl13b, a marker of primary cilia, in a small group of Olig2-positive oligodendrocytes in the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract in young and aged C57BL/6 wild-type mice. While the ciliary length and ciliated oligodendrocyte cells were constant in young mice in the retinogeniculate pathway, there was a significant increase in ciliary length in the anterior optic nerve as compared to the aged animals. Morphometric analysis confirmed a specific increase in the ciliation rate of CC1+ /Olig2+ oligodendrocytes in aged mice compared with young mice. Thus, the prevalence of primary cilia in oligodendrocytes in the visual pathway and the age-related changes in ciliation suggest that they may play important roles in white matter and age-associated optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tia J. Kowal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Brent E. Sendayen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chien-Hui Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rishab Majumder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yaping Joyce Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Pandino I, Giammaria S, Zingale GA, Roberti G, Michelessi M, Coletta M, Manni G, Agnifili L, Vercellin AV, Harris A, Oddone F, Sbardella D. Ubiquitin proteasome system and glaucoma: A survey of genetics and molecular biology studies supporting a link with pathogenic and therapeutic relevance. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101226. [PMID: 37950974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma represents a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons with subsequent visual field impairment. The disease develops through largely uncharacterized molecular mechanisms, that are likely to occur in different localized cell types, either in the anterior (e.g., trabecular meshwork cells) or posterior (e.g., Muller glia, retinal ganglion cells) segments of the eye. Genomic and preclinical studies suggest that glaucoma pathogenesis may develop through altered ubiquitin (Ub) signaling. Ubiquitin conjugation, referred to as ubiquitylation, is a major post-synthetic modification catalyzed by E1-E2-E3 enzymes, that profoundly regulates the turnover, trafficking and biological activity of the targeted protein. The development of new technologies, including proteomics workflows, allows the biology of ubiquitin signaling to be described in health and disease. This post-translational modification is emerging as a key role player in neurodegeneration, gaining relevance for novel therapeutic options, such as in the case of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras technology. Although scientific evidence supports a link between Ub and glaucoma, their relationship is still not well-understood. Therefore, this review provides a detailed research-oriented discussion on current evidence of Ub signaling in glaucoma. A review of genomic and genetic data is provided followed by an in-depth discussion of experimental data on ASB10, parkin and optineurin, which are proteins that play a key role in Ub signaling and have been associated with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianluca Manni
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; DSCMT University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Alon Harris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Vinnett A, Tariq Z, Alvarez JA, Andrews L, Okezie N, Levin MR, Kaleem MA. Eye Disease Prevalence and VF-14 Validation Among Patients Experiencing Homelessness and Presenting for Ophthalmic Examination in Baltimore, Maryland. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 37922150 PMCID: PMC10629521 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.11.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is projected to drive 1.5 million Americans toward homelessness, adding to the 3.5 million currently affected. Homelessness poses both socioeconomic and public health challenges because housing status is a social determinant of health. Given ophthalmic health's importance in daily functioning, we characterized ophthalmic disease and vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) among a population experiencing homelessness in Baltimore, Maryland. Methods Questionnaires, including a Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14) for measuring VRQOL, were administered among patients seeking eye examinations at Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) from October 2018 to March 2020. Results One hundred sixty-two participants were enrolled in this study. The average age was 53 years. Participants' most common vision concerns were blurry vision (70%) and desire for glasses (52%). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements revealed significant vision loss (18%, P < 0.001). Physicians mostly diagnosed refractive error (77%), cataracts (36%), glaucoma/glaucoma suspect (25%), and dry eye (24%). Nearly half were referred to additional ophthalmic care (46%). VRQOL trends reflected functional vision categories (P = 0.042 and P = 0.021). The 1:1 VRQOL and BCVA comparison showed correlation (rho = -0.3, P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha demonstrated VF-14 reliability (alpha = 0.92). Conclusions We find high ophthalmic disease prevalence within a population experiencing homelessness. Comparison to studies worldwide reveals healthcare disparities despite healthcare system differences, suggesting a need for more targeted solutions. VF-14 is valid and reliable in assessing those experiencing homelessness. Intragroup VRQOL comparisons may reveal subgroup needs. It is imperative that future studies continue monitoring those experiencing homelessness. Translational Relevance Validation of VF-14 will allow future studies to utilize this patient-oriented metric within populations experiencing homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Vinnett
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zeshan Tariq
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nneoma Okezie
- Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Moran R. Levin
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mona A. Kaleem
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhang Y, Han R, Xu S, Chen J, Zhong Y. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Glaucoma: An Updated Overview. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:703-712. [PMID: 37224230 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2211149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important regulators of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are involved in many stages of cellular growth and development. An imbalance of MMP expression is also the basis of many diseases, including eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, dry eye, corneal ulcer, keratoconus. This paper describes the role of MMPs in the glaucoma and their role in the glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM), aqueous outflow channel, retina, and optic nerve (ON). This review also summarizes several treatments for glaucoma that target MMPs imbalance and suggests that MMPs may represent a viable therapeutic target for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Sayin N, Kocak I, Pehlivanoğlu S, Pekel G, Er A, Bayramoğlu SE, Aydin A. A quantitative sonoelastography evaluation of ocular and periocular elasticity after intravitreal ranibizumab injection. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:1030-1038. [PMID: 37598105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated changes in ocular and periocular elasticity by ultrasound (US) elastography in intravitreal ranibizumab-treated eyes and the healthy fellow eyes of patients with neovascular AMD. METHODS The study was performed on 52 eyes of 26 volunteers who ranged in age from 59 to 89 (mean 72±7.78) years old. The study group consisted of the patients with neovascular AMD treated with intravitreal ranibizumab. The fellow eyes (without choroidal neovascularization) of the study group were selected as the control group. All patients were examined with sonoelastography before intravitreal injection and at 1day, 1week, and 1month after intravitreal injection. All images were acquired with a Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound system (Tokyo, Japan) including software with a combined autocorrelation method and a multifrequency linear probe. The elastography values of the anterior vitreous (AV), posterior vitreous (PV), retina-choroid-sclera complex (RCS), retrobulbar fat tissue (RF), optic nerve head (ONH) and retrobulbar optic nerve (RON) were measured in each eye. RESULTS There were 13 male (50%) and 13 female (50%) participants in our study. Anterior vitreous, posterior vitreous, RCS, retrobulbar fat tissue, ONH, and RON US elastography values were similar in both groups (P˃0.05 for all). On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the difference between baseline and 1-month PV sonoelastography values and age (r=0.47, P=0.035). CONCLUSION A single dose intravitreal Ranibizumab (Lucentis®, Genentech, USA) injection does not alter the elasticity of ocular and periocular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sayin
- University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - I Kocak
- University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - S Pehlivanoğlu
- University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - G Pekel
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Denizli, Turkey
| | - A Er
- İzmir Tepecik, Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S E Bayramoğlu
- University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - A Aydin
- Near East University, School of Medicine, Lefkosa, Cyprus
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18
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Faralli JA, Filla MS, Peters DM. Role of integrins in the development of fibrosis in the trabecular meshwork. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1274797. [PMID: 38983065 PMCID: PMC11182094 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1274797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive and chronic disease exhibiting many of the features of fibrosis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) undergoes extensive remodeling and enhanced rigidity, resembling fibrotic changes. In addition, there are changes associated with myofibroblast activation and cell contractility that further drives tissue fibrosis and stiffening. This review discusses what is known about the integrins in the TM and their involvement in fibrotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Faralli
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark S Filla
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Donna M Peters
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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Chen Z, Lv Z, Zhuang Y, Saiding Q, Yang W, Xiong W, Zhang Z, Chen H, Cui W, Zhang Y. Mechanical Signal-Tailored Hydrogel Microspheres Recruit and Train Stem Cells for Precise Differentiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300180. [PMID: 37230467 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant mechanical microenvironment in degenerated tissues induces misdirection of cell fate, making it challenging to achieve efficient endogenous regeneration. Herein, a hydrogel microsphere-based synthetic niche with integrated cell recruitment and targeted cell differentiation properties via mechanotransduction is constructed . Through the incorporation of microfluidics and photo-polymerization strategies, fibronectin (Fn) modified methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) microspheres are prepared with the independently tunable elastic modulus (1-10Kpa) and ligand density (2 and 10 µg mL-1 ), allowing a wide range of cytoskeleton modulation to trigger the corresponding mechanobiological signaling. The combination of the soft matrix (2Kpa) and low ligand density (2 µg mL-1 ) can support the nucleus pulposus (NP)-like differentiation of intervertebral disc (IVD) progenitor/stem cells by translocating Yes-associated protein (YAP), without the addition of inducible biochemical factors. Meanwhile, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is loaded onto Fn-GelMA microspheres (PDGF@Fn-GelMA) via the heparin-binding domain of Fn to initiate endogenous cell recruitment. In in vivo experiments, hydrogel microsphere-niche maintained the IVD structure and stimulated matrix synthesis. Overall, this synthetic niche with cell recruiting and mechanical training capabilities offered a promising strategy for endogenous tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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20
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Elhusseiny AM, Scarcelli G, Saeedi OJ. Corneal Biomechanical Measures for Glaucoma: A Clinical Approach. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1108. [PMID: 37892838 PMCID: PMC10604716 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there has been growing interest in assessing corneal biomechanics in different diseases, such as keratoconus, glaucoma, and corneal disorders. Given the interaction and structural continuity between the cornea and sclera, evaluating corneal biomechanics may give us further insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, progression, and management of glaucoma. Therefore, some authorities have recommended baseline evaluations of corneal biomechanics in all glaucoma and glaucoma suspects patients. Currently, two devices (Ocular Response Analyzer and Corneal Visualization Schiempflug Technology) are commercially available for evaluating corneal biomechanics; however, each device reports different parameters, and there is a weak to moderate agreement between the reported parameters. Studies are further limited by the inclusion of glaucoma subjects taking topical prostaglandin analogues, which may alter corneal biomechanics and contribute to contradicting results, lack of proper stratification of patients, and misinterpretation of the results based on factors that are confounded by intraocular pressure changes. This review aims to summarize the recent evidence on corneal biomechanics in glaucoma patients and insights for future studies to address the current limitations of the literature studying corneal biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman M. Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Osamah J. Saeedi
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Zhu Y, Wang R, Pappas AC, Seifert P, Savol A, Sadreyev RI, Sun D, Jakobs TC. Astrocytes in the Optic Nerve Are Heterogeneous in Their Reactivity to Glaucomatous Injury. Cells 2023; 12:2131. [PMID: 37681863 PMCID: PMC10486930 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The optic nerve head is thought to be the site of initial injury to retinal ganglion cell injury in glaucoma. In the initial segment of the optic nerve directly behind the globe, the ganglion cell axons are unmyelinated and come into direct contact to astrocytes, suggesting that astrocytes may play a role in the pathology of glaucoma. As in other parts of the CNS, optic nerve head astrocytes respond to injury by characteristic changes in cell morphology and gene expression profile. Using RNA-sequencing of glaucomatous optic nerve heads, single-cell PCR, and an in-vivo assay, we demonstrate that an up-regulation of astrocytic phagocytosis is an early event after the onset of increased intraocular pressure. We also show that astrocytes in the glial lamina of the optic nerve are apparently functionally heterogeneous. At any time, even in naïve nerves, some of the cells show signs of reactivity-process hypertrophy, high phagocytic activity, and expression of genetic markers of reactivity whereas neighboring cells apparently are inactive. A period of increased intraocular pressure moves more astrocytes towards the reactive phenotype; however, some cells remain unreactive even in glaucomatous nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an 710002, China
| | - Anthony C. Pappas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Philip Seifert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrej Savol
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tatjana C. Jakobs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Rickabaugh E, Weatherston D, Harris TI, Jones JA, Vargis E. Engineering a Biomimetic In Vitro Model of Bruch's Membrane Using Hagfish Slime Intermediate Filament Proteins. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5051-5061. [PMID: 37458693 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Bruch's membrane resides in the subretinal tissue and regulates the flow of nutrients and waste between the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and vascular layers of the eye. With age, Bruch's membrane becomes thicker, stiffer, and less permeable, which impedes its function as a boundary layer in the subretina. These changes contribute to pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To better understand how aging in Bruch's membrane affects surrounding tissues and to determine the relationship between aging and disease, an in vitro model of Bruch's membrane is needed. An accurate model of Bruch's membrane must be a proteinaceous, semipermeable, and nonporous biomaterial with similar mechanical properties to in vivo conditions. Additionally, this model must support RPE cell growth. While models of subretinal tissue exist, they typically differ from in vivo Bruch's membrane in one or more of these properties. This study evaluates the capability of membranes created from recombinant hagfish intermediate filament (rHIF) proteins to accurately replicate Bruch's membrane in an in vitro model of the subretinal tissue. The physical characteristics of these rHIF membranes were evaluated using mechanical testing, permeability assays, brightfield microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The capacity of the membranes to support RPE cell culture was determined using brightfield and fluorescent microscopy, as well as immunocytochemical staining. This study demonstrates that rHIF protein membranes are an appropriate biomaterial to accurately mimic both healthy and aged Bruch's membrane for in vitro modeling of the subretinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee Rickabaugh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-4105 United States
| | - Dillon Weatherston
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-4105 United States
| | - Thomas I Harris
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-5305, United States
| | - Justin A Jones
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-5305, United States
| | - Elizabeth Vargis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-4105 United States
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23
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Zhang R, Li B, Li H. Extracellular-Matrix Mechanics Regulate the Ocular Physiological and Pathological Activities. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:7626920. [PMID: 37521908 PMCID: PMC10386902 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7626920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a noncellular structure that plays an indispensable role in a series of cell life activities. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that ECM stiffness, a type of mechanical forces, exerts a pivotal influence on regulating organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and the occurrence and development of miscellaneous diseases. Nevertheless, the role of ECM stiffness in ophthalmology is rarely discussed. In this review, we focus on describing the important role of ECM stiffness and its composition in multiple ocular structures (including cornea, retina, optic nerve, trabecular reticulum, and vitreous) from a new perspective. The abnormal changes in ECM can trigger physiological and pathological activities of the eye, suggesting that compared with different biochemical factors, the transmission and transduction of force signals triggered by mechanical cues such as ECM stiffness are also universal in different ocular cells. We expect that targeting ECM as a therapeutic approach or designing advanced ECM-based technologies will have a broader application prospect in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Suining City, Suining 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Suining City, Suining 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Suining City, Suining 629000, Sichuan, China
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24
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Sun Q, Li Q, Li S, Li X. Dynamic Hydrogels with Viscoelasticity and Tunable Stiffness for the Regulation of Cell Behavior and Fate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5161. [PMID: 37512435 PMCID: PMC10386333 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural cells typically exhibits dynamic mechanical properties (viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness). The viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness of the ECM play a crucial role in biological processes, such as tissue growth, development, physiology, and disease. Hydrogels with viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness have recently been used to investigate the regulation of cell behavior and fate. This article first emphasizes the importance of tissue viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness and provides an overview of characterization techniques at both macro- and microscale. Then, the viscoelastic hydrogels (crosslinked via ion bonding, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and supramolecular interactions) and dynamic stiffness hydrogels (softening, stiffening, and reversible stiffness) with different crosslinking strategies are summarized, along with the significant impact of viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness on cell spreading, proliferation, migration, and differentiation in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Finally, the emerging trends in the development of dynamic mechanical hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhuofan Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaohui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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25
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Gardiner SK, Cull G, Fortune B. Retinal Vessel Pulsatile Characteristics Associated With Vascular Stiffness Can Predict the Rate of Functional Progression in Glaucoma Suspects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:30. [PMID: 37335567 PMCID: PMC10284309 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.7.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tissue stiffening and alterations in retinal blood flow have both been suggested as causative mechanisms of glaucomatous damage. We tested the hypothesis that retinal blood vessels also stiffen, using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) to characterize vascular resistance. Methods In the longitudinal Portland Progression Project, 231 eyes of 124 subjects received LSFG scans of the optic nerve head (ONH) and automated perimetry every 6 months for six visits. Eyes were classified as either "glaucoma suspect" or "glaucoma" eyes based on the presence of functional loss on the first visit. Vascular resistance was quantified using the mean values of several instrument-defined parameterizations of the pulsatile waveform measured by LSFG, either in major vessels within the ONH (serving the retina) or in capillaries within ONH tissue, and age-adjusted using a separate group of 127 healthy eyes of 63 individuals. Parameters were compared against the severity and rate of change of functional loss using mean deviation (MD) over the six visits, within the two groups. Results Among 118 "glaucoma suspect" eyes (average MD, -0.4 dB; rate, -0.45 dB/y), higher vascular resistance was related to faster functional loss, but not current severity of loss. Parameters measured in major vessels were stronger predictors of rate than parameters measured in tissue. Among 113 "glaucoma" eyes (average MD, -4.3 dB; rate, -0.53 dB/y), higher vascular resistance was related to more severe current loss but not rate of loss. Conclusions Higher retinal vascular resistance and, by likely implication, stiffer retinal vessels were associated with more rapid functional loss in eyes without significant existing loss at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant Cull
- Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Brad Fortune
- Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health, Portland, Oregon, United States
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26
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McElhinney K, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. p53 and Myofibroblast Apoptosis in Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076737. [PMID: 37047710 PMCID: PMC10095465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis represents a dysregulated, maladaptive wound repair response that results in progressive disruption of normal tissue architecture leading to detrimental deterioration in physiological function, and significant morbidity/mortality. Fibrosis is thought to contribute to nearly 50% of all deaths in the Western world with current treatment modalities effective in slowing disease progression but not effective in restoring organ function or reversing fibrotic changes. When physiological wound repair is complete, myofibroblasts are programmed to undergo cell death and self-clearance, however, in fibrosis there is a characteristic absence of myofibroblast apoptosis. It has been shown that in fibrosis, myofibroblasts adopt an apoptotic-resistant, highly proliferative phenotype leading to persistent myofibroblast activation and perpetuation of the fibrotic disease process. Recently, this pathological adaptation has been linked to dysregulated expression of tumour suppressor gene p53. In this review, we discuss p53 dysregulation and apoptotic failure in myofibroblasts and demonstrate its consistent link to fibrotic disease development in all types of organ fibrosis. An enhanced understanding of the role of p53 dysregulation and myofibroblast apoptosis may aid in future novel therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies in organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealan McElhinney
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm O’Brien
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Catania F, Morenghi E, Rosetta P, Paolo V, Vinciguerra R. Corneal Biomechanics Assessment with Ultra High Speed Scheimpflug Camera in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Compared with Healthy Subjects: A meta-analysis of the Literature. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:161-171. [PMID: 35385343 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2059809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this meta-analysis of the literature is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the differences in Corvis ST dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and healthy controls. METHODS A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted on articles published before September 10, 2021 identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Prospective studies comparing DCR Corvis ST parameter in high tension POAG and healthy controls were included. The random-effects model was conducted. Assessment of heterogeneity was based on the calculation of I2. Funnel plots evaluation and meta-regression were performed in case of detection of high heterogeneity. RESULTS The selection process resulted in the inclusion of six articles. Pooled analysis revealed that POAG corneas respond to mechanical stimulus with a smaller concavity, showing lower deformation amplitude (DA) (CI95% -0.991 to -0.578; p < .001; I2 = 0%), higher highest concavity radius (HCR; confidence interval [CI]95% -0.01 to 0.34; p = .058; I2 = 6.7%), and lower peak distance (PD; CI95% -1.06 to -0.024; p = .040; I2 = 86.5%). They also show a slower loading phase, with lower highest concavity time (HCT; CI95% -0.39 to -0.02; p = .029; I2 = 3.3%) and lower applanation velocity-1 (CI95% -0.641 to -0.127; p = .003; I2 = 34.6%), and a faster restoration to the original form, shown by lower applanation time-2 (CI95% -1.123 to -0.544; p = .001; I2 = 44.8%) compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS High tension POAG patients are characterized by stiffer corneas compared to healthy controls. These differences are valid also after removing the effect of age, corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure (IOP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Catania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Vinciguerra Paolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
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28
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Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive, age-related optic neuropathy, whereby the prevalence increases sharply over the age of 60 and is associated with increased systemic tissue stiffness. On a molecular basis, this is associated with increased deposition of collagen and loss of elastin structure, resulting in aberrant biomechanical compliance and reduced tissue elasticity. Increased tissue stiffness is a known driver of myofibroblast activation and persistence, especially in chronic cellular injuries via mechanotransduction pathways mediated by integrins and focal adhesion kinases. Evidence from histological and imaging studies plus force measurements of glaucomatous eyes show that several ocular tissues are stiffer than normal, healthy age-matched controls including the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, cornea, sclera and the lamina cribrosa. This is associated with increased extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. This review reports on the evidence to support the concept that glaucoma represents 'a stiff eye in a stiff body' and addresses potential mechanisms to attenuate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Powell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Catherine McAuley Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Sayah DN, Lesk MR. Ocular Rigidity and Current Therapy. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:105-113. [PMID: 35763027 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2093380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Ocular rigidity (OR) is an important biomechanical parameter of the eye accounting for the material and geometrical properties of the corneoscleral shell.Methods: This study used a literature search to review the role of ocular rigidity and the application of potential therapies targeting this parameter in glaucoma and myopia.Conclusion: Biomechanical modeling and improved understanding of the biochemistry, and molecular arrangement of sclera and its constituents have yielded important insights. Recent developments, including that of a non-invasive and direct OR measurement method and improved ocular imaging techniques are helping to elucidate the role of OR in healthy and diseased eyes by facilitating large scale and longitudinal clinical studies. Improved understanding of OR at the initial stages of disease processes and its alterations with disease progression will undoubtedly propel research in the field. Furthermore, a better understanding of the determinants of OR is helping to refine novel therapeutic approaches which target and alter the biomechanical properties of the sclera in sight-threatening conditions such as glaucoma and myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane N Sayah
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark R Lesk
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre Universitaire d'ophtalmologie de l'Université de Montréal de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, CIUSSS-E, Montreal, Canada
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30
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Aging Effects on Optic Nerve Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032573. [PMID: 36768896 PMCID: PMC9917079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Common risk factors for many ocular pathologies involve non-pathologic, age-related damage to the optic nerve. Understanding the mechanisms of age-related changes can facilitate targeted treatments for ocular pathologies that arise at any point in life. In this review, we examine these age-related, neurodegenerative changes in the optic nerve, contextualize these changes from the anatomic to the molecular level, and appreciate their relationship with ocular pathophysiology. From simple structural and mechanical changes at the optic nerve head (ONH), to epigenetic and biochemical alterations of tissue and the environment, multiple age-dependent mechanisms drive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, and lowered regenerative ability of respective axons. In conjunction, aging decreases the ability of myelin to preserve maximal conductivity, even with "successfully" regenerated axons. Glial cells, however, regeneratively overcompensate and result in a microenvironment that promotes RGC axonal death. Better elucidating optic nerve neurodegeneration remains of interest, specifically investigating human ECM, RGCs, axons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes; clarifying the exact processes of aged ocular connective tissue alterations and their ultrastructural impacts; and developing novel technologies and pharmacotherapies that target known genetic, biochemical, matrisome, and neuroinflammatory markers. Management models should account for age-related changes when addressing glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and other blinding diseases.
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31
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Veselkina ER, Trostnikov MV, Roshina NV, Pasyukova EG. The Effect of the Tau Protein on D. melanogaster Lifespan Depends on GSK3 Expression and Sex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2166. [PMID: 36768490 PMCID: PMC9916465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated conserved protein tau has attracted significant attention because of its essential role in the formation of pathological changes in the nervous system, which can reduce longevity. The study of the effects caused by tau dysfunction and the molecular mechanisms underlying them is complicated because different forms of tau exist in humans and model organisms, and the changes in protein expression can be multidirectional. In this article, we show that an increase in the expression of the main isoform of the Drosophila melanogaster tau protein in the nervous system has differing effects on lifespan depending on the sex of individuals but has no effect on the properties of the nervous system, in particular, the synaptic activity and distribution of another microtubule-associated protein, Futsch, in neuromuscular junctions. Reduced expression of tau in the nervous system does not affect the lifespan of wild-type flies, but it does increase the lifespan dramatically shortened by overexpression of the shaggy gene encoding the GSK3 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3) protein kinase, which is one of the key regulators of tau phosphorylation levels. This effect is accompanied by the normalization of the Futsch protein distribution impaired by shaggy overexpression. The results presented in this article demonstrate that multidirectional changes in tau expression can lead to effects that depend on the sex of individuals and the expression level of GSK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina R. Veselkina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Trostnikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Roshina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G. Pasyukova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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32
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Chuangsuwanich T, Tun TA, Braeu FA, Wang X, Chin ZY, Panda SK, Buist M, Strouthidis N, Perera S, Nongpiur M, Aung T, Girard MJA. Differing Associations between Optic Nerve Head Strains and Visual Field Loss in Patients with Normal- and High-Tension Glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:99-110. [PMID: 35964710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the associations between optic nerve head (ONH) strains under intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation with retinal sensitivity in patients with glaucoma. DESIGN Clinic-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred twenty-nine patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (subdivided into 115 patients with high-tension glaucoma [HTG] and 114 patients with normal-tension glaucoma [NTG]). METHODS For 1 eye of each patient, we imaged the ONH using spectral-domain OCT under the following conditions: (1) primary gaze and (2) primary gaze with acute IOP elevation (to approximately 35 mmHg) achieved through ophthalmodynamometry. A 3-dimensional strain-mapping algorithm was applied to quantify IOP-induced ONH tissue strain (i.e., deformation) in each ONH. Strains in the prelaminar tissue (PLT), the retina, the choroid, the sclera, and the lamina cribrosa (LC) were associated (using linear regression) with measures of retinal sensitivity from the 24-2 Humphrey visual field test (Carl Zeiss Meditec). This was performed globally, then locally according to a previously published regionalization scheme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between ONH strains and values of retinal sensitivity from visual field testing. RESULTS For patients with HTG, we found (1) significant negative linear associations between ONH strains and retinal sensitivity (P < 0.001; on average, a 1% increase in ONH strains corresponded to a decrease in retinal sensitivity of 1.1 decibels [dB]), (2) that high-strain regions colocalized with anatomically mapped regions of high visual field loss, and (3) that the strongest negative associations were observed in the superior region and in the PLT. In contrast, for patients with NTG, no significant associations between strains and retinal sensitivity were observed except in the superotemporal region of the LC. CONCLUSIONS We found significant negative associations between IOP-induced ONH strains and retinal sensitivity in a relatively large glaucoma cohort. Specifically, patients with HTG who experienced higher ONH strains were more likely to exhibit lower retinal sensitivities. Interestingly, this trend in general was less pronounced in patients with NTG, which could suggest a distinct pathophysiologic relationship between the two glaucoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanadet Chuangsuwanich
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Tin A Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fabian A Braeu
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yun Chin
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Satish Kumar Panda
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Martin Buist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nicholas Strouthidis
- National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Sciences Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shamira Perera
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Monisha Nongpiur
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michaël J A Girard
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland.
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Ramm L, Herber R, Lorenz G, Jasper CS, Pillunat LE, Pillunat KR. Evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties using the ocular response analyzer and the dynamic Scheimpflug-Analyzer Corvis ST in high pressure and normal pressure open-angle glaucoma patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281017. [PMID: 36701409 PMCID: PMC9879466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize differences in corneal biomechanics in high (HPG) and normal pressure (NPG) primary open-angle glaucoma, and its association to disease severity. METHODS Corneal biomechanical properties were measured using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and the dynamic Scheimpflug-Analyzer Corvis ST (CST). Disease severity was functionally assessed by automated perimetry (Humphrey field analyzer) and structurally with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. To avoid a possible falsification by intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and age, which strongly influence ORA and CST measurements, group matching was performed. Linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations were used to consider inter-eye correlation. RESULTS Following group matching, 60 eyes of 38 HPG and 103 eyes of 60 NPG patients were included. ORA measurement revealed a higher CRF in HPG than in NPG (P < 0.001). Additionally, the CST parameter integrated radius (P < 0.001) was significantly different between HPG and NPG. The parameter SSI (P < 0.001) representing corneal stiffness was higher in HPG than in NPG. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed associations between biomechanical parameters and indicators of disease severity. In HPG, SSI correlated to RNFL thickness. In NPG, dependencies between biomechanical readings and rim area, MD, and PSD were shown. CONCLUSION Significant differences in corneal biomechanical properties were detectable between HPG and NPG patients which might indicate different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying in both entities. Moreover, biomechanical parameters correlated to functional and structural indices of diseases severity. A reduced corneal deformation measured by dynamic methods was associated to advanced glaucomatous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ramm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Ophthalmology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Georg Lorenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carolin S. Jasper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E. Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin R. Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Moiseeva IN, Stein AA. Effect of Nonlinearity of Elastic Properties of the Cornea on the Results of Schiøtz Tonometry: Estimation Based on a Two-Component Mathematical Model. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Huang L, Wei Z, Wang X, Lan C, Zhu Y, Ye Q. AZD6738 Decreases Intraocular Pressure and Inhibits Fibrotic Response in Trabecular Meshwork through CHK1/P53 Pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Patterns of Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Preperimetric Open Angle Glaucoma: A Comparative Study With Young-Age-Onset and Old-Age-Onset Eyes. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:860-867. [PMID: 35980848 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PRCIS Optic coherence tomography imaging in preperimetric open angle glaucoma (OAG) differed between young-age-onset and old-age-onset eyes. Inferior and superior quadrants were thinner in young and old-age-onset eyes, respectively. Understanding the specific patterns of early glaucomatous damage based on age-at-onset may improve glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring. PURPOSE To investigate the patterns of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning in preperimetric OAG by optical coherence tomography based on age at onset ("young-age onset (<40 y)" vs. "old-age onset (≥40 y)". MATERIALS AND METHODS The RNFL and GCIPL deviation images were acquired by Cirrus HD-optical coherence tomography, and overlaid, thus converted to a "deviation frequency map", respectively. The topographic thinning patterns and parameters of RNFL and GCIPL thickness measurements were compared. RESULTS A total of 194 eyes of 194 patients with preperimetric OAG and 97 eyes of 97 age-matched normal subjects were analyzed. Young-age-onset eyes of preperimetric OAG mainly had RNFL defects inferotemporally (264-296 degrees) with GCIPL defects in the inferior region (213-357 degrees). Old-age-onset preperimetric OAG eyes had RNFL defects inferotemporally (266-294°) and superotemporally (33-67 degrees), with GCIPL defects in the inferior and superior regions (206-360 degrees, 0-22 degrees). The inferior quadrant of RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses were significantly thinner in young-age-onset eyes compared with old-age-onset eyes ( P =0.012, 0.016), while the superior quadrant of those were significantly thinner in the old-age-onset eyes ( P =0.003, 0.005). CONCLUSION Young-age-onset and old-age-onset eyes of preperimetric OAG present different specific patterns of RNFL and GCIPL thinning.
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Karimi A, Razaghi R, Padilla S, Rahmati SM, Downs JC, Acott TS, Kelley MJ, Wang RK, Johnstone M. Viscoelastic Biomechanical Properties of the Conventional Aqueous Outflow Pathway Tissues in Healthy and Glaucoma Human Eyes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6049. [PMID: 36294371 PMCID: PMC9605362 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the tissues comprising the ocular conventional outflow pathway have shown strong viscoelastic mechanical response to aqueous humor pressure dynamics, the viscoelastic mechanical properties of the trabecular meshwork (TM), juxtacanalicular connective tissue (JCT), and Schlemm's canal (SC) inner wall are largely unknown. METHODS A quadrant of the anterior segment from two human donor eyes at low- and high-flow (LF and HF) outflow regions was pressurized and imaged using optical coherence tomography (OCT). A finite element (FE) model of the TM, the adjacent JCT, and the SC inner wall was constructed and viscoelastic beam elements were distributed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the TM and JCT to represent anisotropic collagen. An inverse FE-optimization algorithm was used to calculate the viscoelastic properties of the ECM/beam elements such that the TM/JCT/SC model and OCT imaging data best matched over time. RESULTS The ECM of the glaucoma tissues showed significantly larger time-dependent shear moduli compared to the heathy tissues. Significantly larger shear moduli were also observed in the LF regions of both the healthy and glaucoma eyes compared to the HF regions. CONCLUSIONS The outflow tissues in both glaucoma eyes and HF regions are stiffer and less able to respond to dynamic IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Reza Razaghi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Steven Padilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - J. Crawford Downs
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ted S. Acott
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mary J. Kelley
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Integrative Biosciences, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Murray Johnstone
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Chaudhary P, Stowell C, Reynaud J, Gardiner SK, Yang H, Williams G, Williams I, Marsh-Armstrong N, Burgoyne CF. Optic Nerve Head Myelin-Related Protein, GFAP, and Iba1 Alterations in Non-Human Primates With Early to Moderate Experimental Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:9. [PMID: 36239974 PMCID: PMC9586137 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to test if optic nerve head (ONH) myelin basic protein (MBP), 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) proteins are altered in non-human primate (NHP) early/moderate experimental glaucoma (EG). Methods Following paraformaldehyde perfusion, control and EG eye ONH tissues from four NHPs were paraffin embedded and serially (5 µm) vertically sectioned. Anti-MBP, CNPase, GFAP, Iba1, and nuclear dye-stained sections were imaged using sub-saturating light intensities. Whole-section images were segmented creating anatomically consistent laminar (L) and retrolaminar (RL) regions/sub-regions. EG versus control eye intensity/pixel-cluster density data within L and two RL regions (RL1 [1-250 µm]/RL2 [251-500 µm] from L) were compared using random effects models within the statistical program “R.” Results EG eye retinal nerve fiber loss ranged from 0% to 20%. EG eyes’ MBP and CNPase intensity were decreased within the RL1 (MBP = 31.4%, P < 0.001; CNPase =62.3%, P < 0.001) and RL2 (MBP = 19.6%, P < 0.001; CNPase = 56.1%, P = 0.0004) regions. EG eye GFAP intensity was decreased in the L (41.6%, P < 0.001) and RL regions (26.7% for RL1, and 28.4% for RL2, both P < 0.001). Iba1+ and NucBlue pixel-cluster density were increased in the laminar (28.2%, P = 0.03 and 16.6%, P = 0.008) and both RL regions (RL1 = 37.3%, P = 0.01 and 23.7%, P = 0.0002; RL2 = 53.7%, P = 0.002 and 33.2%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Retrolaminar myelin disruption occurs early in NHP EG and may be accompanied by laminar and retrolaminar decreases in astrocyte process labeling and increases in microglial/ macrophage density. The mechanistic and therapeutic implications of these findings warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chaudhary
- Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Cheri Stowell
- Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Juan Reynaud
- Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Stuart K Gardiner
- Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Hongli Yang
- Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Galen Williams
- Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Imee Williams
- Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | | | - Claude F Burgoyne
- Optic Nerve Head Research Laboratory, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
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Bikuna‐Izagirre M, Aldazabal J, Extramiana L, Moreno‐Montañés J, Carnero E, Paredes J. Technological advances in ocular trabecular meshwork in vitro models for glaucoma research. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2698-2714. [PMID: 35836364 PMCID: PMC9543213 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the optic nerve. Intraocular pressure (IOP), which is considered to be the main risk factor for glaucoma development, builds up in response to the resistance (resistance to what?) provided by the trabecular meshwork (TM) to aqueous humor (AH) outflow. Although the TM and its relationship to AH outflow have remained at the forefront of scientific interest, researchers remain uncertain regarding which mechanisms drive the deterioration of the TM. Current tissue-engineering fabrication techniques have come up with promising approaches to successfully recreate the TM. Nonetheless, more accurate models are needed to understand the factors that make glaucoma arise. In this review, we provide a chronological evaluation of the technological milestones that have taken place in the field of glaucoma research, and we conduct a comprehensive comparison of available TM fabrication technologies. Additionally, we also discuss AH perfusion platforms, since they are essential for the validation of these scaffolds, as well as pressure-outflow relationship studies and the discovery of new IOP-reduction therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bikuna‐Izagirre
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Leire Extramiana
- Departamento de oftalmología ClínicaClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaEspaña
| | | | - Elena Carnero
- Departamento de oftalmología ClínicaClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaEspaña
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
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Soundararajan A, Wang T, Sundararajan R, Wijeratne A, Mosley A, Harvey FC, Bhattacharya S, Pattabiraman PP. Multiomics analysis reveals the mechanical stress-dependent changes in trabecular meshwork cytoskeletal-extracellular matrix interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:874828. [PMID: 36176278 PMCID: PMC9513235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.874828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue is subjected to constant mechanical stress due to the ocular pulse created by the cardiac cycle. This brings about alterations in the membrane lipids and associated cell–cell adhesion and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, triggering intracellular signaling responses to counter mechanical insults. A loss of such response can lead to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma. This study is aimed to understand the changes in signaling responses by TM subjected to mechanical stretch. We utilized multiomics to perform an unbiased mRNA sequencing to identify changes in transcripts, mass spectrometry- (MS-) based quantitative proteomics for protein changes, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling-based MS and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-) based MS to characterize the lipid changes. We performed pathway analysis to obtain an integrated map of TM response to mechanical stretch. The human TM cells subjected to mechanical stretch demonstrated an upregulation of protein quality control, oxidative damage response, pro-autophagic signal, induction of anti-apoptotic, and survival signaling. We propose that mechanical stretch-induced lipid signaling via increased ceramide and sphingomyelin potentially contributes to increased TM stiffness through actin-cytoskeleton reorganization and profibrotic response. Interestingly, increased phospholipids and diacylglycerol due to mechanical stretch potentially enable cell membrane remodeling and changes in signaling pathways to alter cellular contractility. Overall, we propose the mechanistic interplay of macromolecules to bring about a concerted cellular response in TM cells to achieve mechanotransduction and IOP regulation when TM cells undergo mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Soundararajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rekha Sundararajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Aruna Wijeratne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amber Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Faith Christine Harvey
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sanjoy Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Padmanabhan Paranji Pattabiraman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Padmanabhan Paranji Pattabiraman,
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The Role of miR-29 Family in TGF-β Driven Fibrosis in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810216. [PMID: 36142127 PMCID: PMC9499597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a chronic optic neuropathy, remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is driven in part by the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and leads to extracellular matrix remodelling at the lamina cribrosa of the optic nerve head. Despite an array of medical and surgical treatments targeting the only known modifiable risk factor, raised intraocular pressure, many patients still progress and develop significant visual field loss and eventual blindness. The search for alternative treatment strategies targeting the underlying fibrotic transformation in the optic nerve head and trabecular meshwork in glaucoma is ongoing. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Extensive research has been undertaken to uncover the complex role of miRNAs in gene expression and miRNA dysregulation in fibrotic disease. MiR-29 is a family of miRNAs which are strongly anti-fibrotic in their effects on the TGF-β signalling pathway and the regulation of extracellular matrix production and deposition. In this review, we discuss the anti-fibrotic effects of miR-29 and the role of miR-29 in ocular pathology and in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. A better understanding of the role of miR-29 in POAG may aid in developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in glaucoma.
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Soundararajan A, Wang T, Ghag SA, Kang MH, Pattabiraman PP. Novel insight into the role of clusterin on intraocular pressure regulation by modifying actin polymerization and extracellular matrix remodeling in the trabecular meshwork. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3012-3029. [PMID: 35567755 PMCID: PMC9283260 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study provides comprehensive mechanistic evidence for the role of clusterin, a stress-response secretory chaperone protein, in the modulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) by regulating the trabecular meshwork (TM) actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The pathological stressors on TM known to elevate IOP significantly lowered clusterin protein levels indicating stress-related clusterin function loss. Small interfering RNA-mediated clusterin loss in human TM cells in vitro induced actin polymerization and stabilization via protein kinase D1, serine/threonine-protein kinase N2 (PRK2), and LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1), and the recruitment and activation of adhesome proteins including paxillin, vinculin, and integrin αV and β5. A complete loss of clusterin as seen in clusterin knockout mice (Clu-/- ) led to significant IOP elevation at postnatal Day 70. Contrarily, constitutive clusterin expression using adenovirus (AdCLU) in HTM cells resulted in the loss of actin polymerization via decreased PRK2, and LIMK1 and negative regulation of integrin αV and β5. Furthermore, we found that AdCLU treatment in HTM cells significantly decreased the ECM protein expression and distribution by significantly increasing matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) activity and lowering the levels of pro-fibrotic proteins such as transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Finally, we found that HTM cells supplemented with recombinant human clusterin attenuated the pro-fibrotic effects of TGFβ2. For the first time this study demonstrates the importance of clusterin in the regulation of TM actin cytoskeleton - ECM interactions and the maintenance of IOP, thus making clusterin an interesting target to reverse elevated IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Soundararajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndiana University Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Sachin A. Ghag
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Min H. Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye InstituteCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Padmanabhan P. Pattabiraman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndiana University Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Karimi A, Rahmati SM, Razaghi R, Crawford Downs J, Acott TS, Wang RK, Johnstone M. Biomechanics of human trabecular meshwork in healthy and glaucoma eyes via dynamic Schlemm's canal pressurization. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 221:106921. [PMID: 35660943 PMCID: PMC10424782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The trabecular meshwork (TM) consists of extracellular matrix (ECM) with embedded collagen and elastin fibers providing its mechanical support. TM stiffness is considerably higher in glaucoma eyes. Emerging data indicates that the TM moves dynamically with transient intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations, implying the viscoelastic mechanical behavior of the TM. However, little is known about TM viscoelastic behavior. We calculated the viscoelastic mechanical properties of the TM in n = 2 healthy and n = 2 glaucoma eyes. METHODS A quadrant of the anterior segment was submerged in a saline bath, and a cannula connected to an adjustable saline reservoir was inserted into Schlemm's canal (SC). A spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT) provided continuous cross-sectional B-scans of the TM/JCT/SC complex during pressure oscillation from 0 to 30 mmHg at two locations. The TM/JCT/SC complex boundaries were delineated to construct a 20-µm-thick volume finite element (FE) mesh. Pre-tensioned collagen and elastin fibrils were embedded in the model using a mesh-free penalty-based cable-in-solid algorithm. SC pressure was represented by a position- and time-dependent pressure boundary; floating boundary conditions were applied to the other cut edges of the model. An FE-optimization algorithm was used to adjust the ECM/fiber mechanical properties such that the TM/JCT/SC model and SD-OCT imaging data best matched over time. RESULTS Significantly larger short- and long-time ECM shear moduli (p = 0.0032), and collagen (1.82x) and elastin (2.72x) fibril elastic moduli (p = 0.0001), were found in the TM of glaucoma eyes compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide additional clarity on the mechanical property differences in healthy and glaucomatous outflow pathway under dynamic loading. Understanding the viscoelastic properties of the TM may serve as a new biomarker in early diagnosis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | - Reza Razaghi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Crawford Downs
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Ted S Acott
- Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Murray Johnstone
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Corneal Hysteresis, Intraocular Pressure, and Progression of Glaucoma: Time for a “Hyst-Oric” Change in Clinical Practice? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102895. [PMID: 35629021 PMCID: PMC9148097 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that as people age their tissues become less compliant and the ocular structures are no different. Corneal Hysteresis (CH) is a surrogate marker for ocular compliance. Low hysteresis values are associated with optic nerve damage and visual field loss, the structural and functional components of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Presently, a range of parameters are measured to monitor and stratify glaucoma, including intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and subjective measurement such as visual fields. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current evidence that CH values area risk factor for the development of glaucoma and are a marker for its progression. The authors will explain what precisely CH is, how it can be measured, and the influence that medication and surgery can have on its value. CH is likely to play an integral role in glaucoma care and could potentially be incorporated synergistically with IOP, CCT, and visual field testing to establish risk stratification modelling and progression algorithms in glaucoma management in the future.
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Dias MS, Luo X, Ribas VT, Petrs-Silva H, Koch JC. The Role of Axonal Transport in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073935. [PMID: 35409291 PMCID: PMC8999615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and leads to progressive vision loss. The first pathological signs can be seen at the optic nerve head (ONH), the structure where RGC axons leave the retina to compose the optic nerve. Besides damage of the axonal cytoskeleton, axonal transport deficits at the ONH have been described as an important feature of glaucoma. Axonal transport is essential for proper neuronal function, including transport of organelles, synaptic components, vesicles, and neurotrophic factors. Impairment of axonal transport has been related to several neurodegenerative conditions. Studies on axonal transport in glaucoma include analysis in different animal models and in humans, and indicate that its failure happens mainly in the ONH and early in disease progression, preceding axonal and somal degeneration. Thus, a better understanding of the role of axonal transport in glaucoma is not only pivotal to decipher disease mechanisms but could also enable early therapies that might prevent irreversible neuronal damage at an early time point. In this review we present the current evidence of axonal transport impairment in glaucomatous neurodegeneration and summarize the methods employed to evaluate transport in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santana Dias
- Intermediate Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Viral Vectors, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Xiaoyue Luo
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Vinicius Toledo Ribas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Hilda Petrs-Silva
- Intermediate Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Viral Vectors, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Jan Christoph Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Wareham LK, Liddelow SA, Temple S, Benowitz LI, Di Polo A, Wellington C, Goldberg JL, He Z, Duan X, Bu G, Davis AA, Shekhar K, Torre AL, Chan DC, Canto-Soler MV, Flanagan JG, Subramanian P, Rossi S, Brunner T, Bovenkamp DE, Calkins DJ. Solving neurodegeneration: common mechanisms and strategies for new treatments. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:23. [PMID: 35313950 PMCID: PMC8935795 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Across neurodegenerative diseases, common mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets based on neuronal protection, repair, or regeneration, independent of etiology or site of disease pathology. To address these mechanisms and discuss emerging treatments, in April, 2021, Glaucoma Research Foundation, BrightFocus Foundation, and the Melza M. and Frank Theodore Barr Foundation collaborated to bring together key opinion leaders and experts in the field of neurodegenerative disease for a virtual meeting titled "Solving Neurodegeneration". This "think-tank" style meeting focused on uncovering common mechanistic roots of neurodegenerative disease and promising targets for new treatments, catalyzed by the goal of finding new treatments for glaucoma, the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness and the common interest of the three hosting foundations. Glaucoma, which causes vision loss through degeneration of the optic nerve, likely shares early cellular and molecular events with other neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Here we discuss major areas of mechanistic overlap between neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system: neuroinflammation, bioenergetics and metabolism, genetic contributions, and neurovascular interactions. We summarize important discussion points with emphasis on the research areas that are most innovative and promising in the treatment of neurodegeneration yet require further development. The research that is highlighted provides unique opportunities for collaboration that will lead to efforts in preventing neurodegeneration and ultimately vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wareham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, NY, 12144, Rensselaer, USA
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, CA, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, Boston, USA
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Albert A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna La Torre
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David C Chan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, CA, 91125, Pasadena, USA
| | - M Valeria Canto-Soler
- CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Research Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John G Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Calkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Suzuki Y, Kiyosawa M. Cardiac Hypertrophy May Be a Risk Factor for the Development and Severity of Glaucoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030677. [PMID: 35327479 PMCID: PMC8945816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between glaucoma and cardiac abnormalities. We evaluated 581 patients with open-angle glaucoma (285 men and 296 women) and 595 individuals without glaucoma (273 men and 322 women). All of the participants underwent visual field testing using a Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (30-2 program), an electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood pressure measurement. We examined the ECG abnormalities and other factors (age, intraocular pressure (IOP) and systemic hypertension) involved in the development and severity of glaucoma. Logistic regression analyses revealed significant correlations of glaucoma with IOP (OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.36−1.51; p < 0.00001), atrial fibrillation (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01−4.04; p = 0.04), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.15−4.25; p = 0.02), and bradycardia (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.25−4.70; p = 0.02). Regression analyses revealed significant correlations of the mean deviation of the visual field with age (t = −6.22; 95% CI: −0.15, −0.08; p < 0.00001), IOP (t = −6.47; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.23; p < 0.00001), and LVH (t = −2.15; 95% CI: −3.36, −0.29; p = 0.02). Atrial fibrillation, LVH and bradycardia may decrease the cerebral blood flow, and may also affect the ocular blood flow. Cardiac abnormalities may be associated with the development and severity of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Mishima General Hospital, Shizuoka 411-0801, Japan
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-55-975-3031; Fax: +81-55-973-3647
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Biomechanics is an important aspect of the complex family of diseases known as the glaucomas. Here, we review recent studies of biomechanics in glaucoma. RECENT FINDINGS Several tissues have direct and/or indirect biomechanical roles in various forms of glaucoma, including the trabecular meshwork, cornea, peripapillary sclera, optic nerve head/sheath, and iris. Multiple mechanosensory mechanisms and signaling pathways continue to be identified in both the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head. Further, the recent literature describes a variety of approaches for investigating the role of tissue biomechanics as a risk factor for glaucoma, including pathological stiffening of the trabecular meshwork, peripapillary scleral structural changes, and remodeling of the optic nerve head. Finally, there have been advances in incorporating biomechanical information in glaucoma prognoses, including corneal biomechanical parameters and iridial mechanical properties in angle-closure glaucoma. SUMMARY Biomechanics remains an active aspect of glaucoma research, with activity in both basic science and clinical translation. However, the role of biomechanics in glaucoma remains incompletely understood. Therefore, further studies are indicated to identify novel therapeutic approaches that leverage biomechanics. Importantly, clinical translation of appropriate assays of tissue biomechanical properties in glaucoma is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak N. Safa
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Cydney A. Wong
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Jungmin Ha
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - C. Ross Ethier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
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Martínez-Alberquilla I, Gasull X, Pérez-Luna P, Seco-Mera R, Ruiz-Alcocer J, Crooke A. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap components: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets for age-related eye diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101553. [PMID: 34971794 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related eye diseases, including dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, represent a major global health issue based on their increasing prevalence and disabling action. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases will provide novel opportunities to reduce the burden of age-related eye diseases and improve eye health, contributing to sustainable development goals achievement. The impairment of neutrophil extracellular traps formation/degradation processes seems to be one of these mechanisms. These traps formed by a meshwork of DNA and neutrophil cytosolic granule proteins may exacerbate the inflammatory response promoting chronic inflammation, a pivotal cause of age-related diseases. In this review, we describe current findings that suggest the role of neutrophils and their traps in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related eye diseases. Furthermore, we discuss why these cells and their constituents could be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. We also examine the therapeutic potential of some neutrophil function modulators and provide several recommendations for future research in age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez-Alberquilla
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Medical School, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Luna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Seco-Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Alcocer
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, UCM 971009, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Cela D, Brignole-Baudouin F, Labbé A, Baudouin C. Trabéculum glaucomateux : une trabéculopathie inflammatoire ? J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:455-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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