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Elkholy SE, Maher SA, Abd El-Hamid NR, Elsayed HA, Hassan WA, Abdelmaogood AKK, Hussein SM, Jaremko M, Alshawwa SZ, Alharbi HM, Imbaby S. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics and azithromycin in dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via TLR4-NF-κB and p38-MAPK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115005. [PMID: 37327586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic autoimmune disease of the gut with a relapsing and remitting nature, considers a major health-care problem. DSS is a well-studied pharmacologically-induced model for UC. Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and its close association with p-38-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (p-38 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has important regulatory roles in inflammation and developing UC. Probiotics are gaining popularity for their potential in UC therapy. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role of azithromycin in UC remains a knowledge need. In the present rats-established UC, the therapeutic roles of oral probiotics (60 billion probiotic bacteria per kg per day) and azithromycin (40 mg per kg per day) regimens were evaluated by measuring changes in disease activity index, macroscopic damage index, oxidative stress markers, TLR4, p-38 MAPK, NF-κB signaling pathway in addition to their molecular downstream; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). After individual and combination therapy with probiotics and azithromycin regimens, the histological architecture of the UC improved with restoration of intestinal tissue normal architecture. These findings were consistent with the histopathological score of colon tissues. Each separate regimen lowered the remarkable TLR4, p-38 MAPK, iNOS, NF-κB as well as TNFα, IL1β, IL6 and MDA expressions and elevated the low IL10, glutathione and superoxide dismutase expressions in UC tissues. The combination regimen possesses the most synergistic beneficial effects in UC that, following thorough research, should be incorporated into the therapeutic approach in UC to boost the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen E Elkholy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Ahmad Maher
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Noura R Abd El-Hamid
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Genetics unit, Histology and cell biology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba A Elsayed
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdou Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al Bukayriyah 52726, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa K K Abdelmaogood
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samar M Hussein
- Physiology Department, Faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Imbaby
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Seyedian SS, Nokhostin F, Malamir MD. A review of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods of inflammatory bowel disease. J Med Life 2019; 12:113-122. [PMID: 31406511 PMCID: PMC6685307 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2018-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are classified as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) which have similar symptoms and lead to digestive disorders and inflammation in the digestive system. The reason why they occur is still a mystery. A number of factors can be attributed to the prevalence of CD and UC, some of which include geographical location, inappropriate diet, genetics, and inappropriate immune response. Both diseases are more often diagnosed in urban areas compared to rural areas and both have their own challenges and side effects, but the patients can still have a good quality of life. Given the fact that the prevalence of this disease is higher at younger ages and that it disrupts half the life of the patient, it will, most likely, become a major health problem in the near future, even in developing countries. By reviewing valid scientific resources and evaluating new methods of addressing this disease, the present study aims to provide researchers and patients with new insights into this field and facilitate access to new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Saeid Seyedian
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Forogh Nokhostin
- Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Dargahi Malamir
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical doctor of Internal Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Fakhraei N, Javadian N, Rahimian R, Nili F, Rahimi N, Hashemizadeh S, Dehpour AR. Involvement of central opioid receptors in protective effects of methadone on experimental colitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1399-1413. [PMID: 30318564 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are several lines of evidence on the protective roles of opioids in gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. This study aims to distinguish the central and peripheral roles of methadone, a non-selective opioid receptor agonist, in an acute model of ulcerative colitis in male rats. METHODS Ulcerative colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of acetic acid 4%. Methadone was injected subcutaneously (s.c.), 5 and 10 mg/kg, and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), 50 and 300 ng/rat. Opioid antagonists were employed. Methylnaltrexone (MNTX; 5 mg/kg, i.p.), a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist, and naltrexone (NTX; 5 mg/kg, i.p. and 10 ng/rat, i.c.v.), a peripherally and centrally acting opioid receptor antagonist were injected before methadone (10 mg/kg, s.c. and or 300 ng/rat, i.c.v.) administration. NTX (5 mg/kg, i.p. and 10 ng/rat, i.c.v.) were administered 30 min prior to administration of methadone (10 mg/kg, s.c. and 300 ng/rat, i.c.v.), respectively. MNTX (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 30 min prior to methadone (10 mg/kg, s.c.). Seventy-two hours following colitis induction, macroscopic and microscopic mucosal lesions, and the colonic levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined. RESULTS Methadone (300 ng/rat, i.c.v.) and Methadone (5 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) improved the macroscopic and microscopic scores through opioid receptors. Also, a significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-1β was observed. Peripherally and centrally injected NTX significantly reversed methadone 10 mg/kg s.c. anti-inflammatory effects while MNTX could not completely reverse this effect. Moreover, centrally administered methadone (300 ng/rat) showed the anti-inflammatory effect which was reversed by central administration of NTX (10 ng/rat). CONCLUSIONS The opioid receptors mainly the central opioid receptors may mediate the protective actions of methadone on the experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Fakhraei
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nina Javadian
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahimian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Nili
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Hashemizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tang F, Li R, Xue J, Lan J, Xu H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Lu Y. Azithromycin attenuates acute radiation-induced lung injury in mice. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5211-5220. [PMID: 29098024 PMCID: PMC5652241 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common and major obstacle in thoracic cancer radiotherapy, resulting in considerable morbidity and limiting the dose of radiation. However, an effective treatment option remains to be established. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of azithromycin (AZM) in acute RILI with a mouse model. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were given a single thoracic irradiation of 16 Gy and administered orally with AZM. The lung histopathological findings, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA; an indicator of oxidative damage) and the concentration of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines in plasma were assessed on 28 day following irradiation. In addition, the total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine gene expression in lung tissue were evaluated on day 7, 14 and 28 following irradiation. Administration with AZM markedly alleviated acute RILI as indicated by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. The levels of MDA and total cell counts in BALF significantly reduced in AZM treated mice. AZM also down-regulated the concentration and mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1. In addition, AZM attenuated the irradiation-induced increases in the mRNA expression of fibrotic markers (α-smooth muscle actin and α-1 type I collagen). AZM treatment mitigated the radiation-induced acute lung injury possibly by its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guizhou Province People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Park HS, Lee YS, Choi EY, Choi JI, Choi IS, Kim SJ. Subantibiotic dose of azithromycin attenuates alveolar bone destruction and improves trabecular microarchitectures in a rat model of experimental periodontitis: A study using micro-computed tomography. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:212-217. [PMID: 28432937 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities apart from its antibacterial properties. In this study, we examined the efficacy of subantibiotic dose of azithromycin on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and bone parameter analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to the following four groups: non-ligation (NL) group; ligation-only (L) group; ligation-plus-subantibiotic dose azithromycin (SA) group; and 4) ligation-plus-antibiotic dose azithromycin (AA) group. The rats from Groups L, SA and AA were subjected to periodontitis by placing a ligature around lower right first molar. Immediately after ligation, the rats in SA and AA groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of azithromycin at a dosage of 3.5 or 10mg/kg body weight, respectively. The ligatures were maintained for 2weeks at which time the rats had their mandibles hemisected for micro-CT analysis. Subantibiotic dose of azithromycin strongly suppressed reductions in alveolar bone height and bone volume fraction caused by experimental periodontitis. When subantibiotic dosage of azithromycin was administered to rats, ligature-induced alterations in microarchitectural parameters of trabecular bone were significantly reversed. Rats treated with subantibiotic dose of azithromycin presented no significant difference compared to rats with antibiotic dosage in all parameters. While further studies are necessary, subantibiotic dose of azithromycin could be utilized as a host modulator for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Shin Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeom-Il Choi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Hasby EA, Hasby Saad MA, Shohieb Z, El Noby K. FoxP3+ T regulatory cells and immunomodulation after Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen immunization in experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Immunol 2015; 295:67-76. [PMID: 25766778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen immunization on the immunomodulation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis as an experimental model of IBD in comparison to non immunization and healthy control. The study was performed on 180 mice; 25 healthy control, 15 to identify the inflammatory peak of DSS, 25 received DSS for 7 days; 90 infected with S. mansoni cercariae to collect eggs for antigen preparation, and 25 immunized with the prepared antigen then received DSS course. Disease activity index, macroscopic & microscopic inflammatory scores, FoxP3+ T regulatory cell count, myeloperoxidase activity, and Th1/Th2 cytokine profile were compared in studied groups. Immunization induced both FoxP3+ T(regs) and Th2 cytokines to establish a state of immune homeostasis and create a quiescent steadier immune response to DSS. S. mansoni egg antigen succeeded in acting like a prophylactic helminthic therapy as it has a profitable modulatory effect on DSS-induced colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman A Hasby
- Pathology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
| | | | - Zeinab Shohieb
- Medical Parasitology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Kholoud El Noby
- Medical Parasitology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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Raimondi F, Spera AM, Sellitto M, Landolfo F, Capasso L. Amino acid-based formula as a rescue strategy in feeding very-low-birth-weight infants with intrauterine growth restriction. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 54:608-12. [PMID: 22241507 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182483e8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates may develop severe intolerance to standard preterm formula especially if they are associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We tested the hypothesis that these infants may tolerate an elemental, amino acid-based formula as a rescue feeding strategy. METHODS In a prospective, case-control pilot study, we enrolled VLBW IUGR infants enterally fed with standard preterm formula (SPF) at daily increments of 16 mL/kg. If gastric residuals accounted for >70% of milk feed in the previous 24 hours, then feedings were temporarily withheld and then resumed with amino acid formula (AAF) increased at the same speed. Cases on AAF were compared to controls on SPF and with cases themselves while on SPF. Primary outcome was the time to reach full enteral feedings. Secondary outcomes were time on parenteral nutrition, time on central venous catheter, and formula tolerability based on the amount of gastric residual volume. RESULTS Sixty-four infants (22 cases) were enrolled. Although during the total duration of nutrition, cases had worse primary and secondary outcomes, when on AAF, cases were comparable to controls in time to full enteral feeding (14.4 vs 14 days), time on parenteral nutrition, and time on central venous catheter. Cases on AAF and controls had similar gastric residual volumes. At day 3 after AAF introduction, cases had a significantly reduced number (%) of gastric residual volume >5 mL/kg over total number of feedings (5.6 vs 1.5%; P < 0.05) and the mean gastric residual volume (2.7 vs 0.6 mL; P < 0.05) compared to themselves while on SPF. No difference was detected in weight at 21 and 28 days, in main serum parameters and outcome at discharge. Growth at 12 months of corrected age was also comparable. CONCLUSIONS In our population of VLBW IUGR newborns with severe feeding intolerance, a short course on AAF was a safe and effective means of nutritional rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Plesko S, Banić M, Plecko V, Anić B, Brkić T, Renata H, Rotkvić I. Effect of azithromycin on acute inflammatory lesions and colonic bacterial load in a murine model of experimental colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:2211-8. [PMID: 19924536 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin on mucosal changes and colonic bacterial load in a murine model of colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in CD1 mice using enema of 0.2% solution of dinitrofluorobenzene, combined with skin sensitization. Four experimental groups of animals (N = 10 per group) were treated with 50 mg/kg/day azithromycin (AZ) or metronidazole (MN) perorally, starting 24 h before (AZ-1, MN-1) or 6 h after (AZ+1, MN+1) induction of colitis and for consecutive 5 days. Additional experimental mice group was treated with 10 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone intraperitoneally after induction of experimental colitis in the same manner (MP). Two control groups consisted of healthy animals (C) that received the challenge enema with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and animals with experimental colitis (chall) treated with equivolume of PBS perorally. Clinical score (0-5) and histopathologic score (0-30) were used to assess inflammatory changes, and colon washings were used to determine changes in bacterial load. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory effect of azithromycin did not differ from the effect of methylprednisolone, when compared with control group with experimental colitis. Metronidazole did not show a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Number of colonic bacteria did not differ significantly between control and experimental groups of animals. CONCLUSIONS We documented the anti-inflammatory effect of azithromycin in a murine model of acute colitis, suggesting that effects were targeted to oxidative burst and on mucosal/bacterial interface, independent of luminal bacterial load. Further studies should be focused on effect of azithromycin on the role of bacterial biofilm in perpetuation of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Plesko
- Department for Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Mousavizadeh K, Rahimian R, Fakhfouri G, Aslani FS, Ghafourifar P. Anti-inflammatory effects of 5-HT receptor antagonist, tropisetron on experimental colitis in rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:375-83. [PMID: 19302562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a pressing need for research that will lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tropisetron, a 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-3 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory properties in a model of experimental colitis in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acetic acid model of colitis in rats was used. Colitis was induced by intracolonal instillation of 4% (v/v) acetic acid. One hour after induction of colitis, intraperitoneal (IP) or intrarectal (IR) tropisetron (2 mg kg(-1), either route) or dexamethasone (1 mg kg(-1), either route) was administered. The severity of colitis was assessed 24 h later using macroscopic and microscopic changes of damaged colon, measurement of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels and oxidative stress markers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in colonic tissues. RESULTS Tropisetron decreased colonic macroscopic and microscopic damage scores. This was associated with significant reduction in both neutrophil infiltration indicated by decreased colonic MPO activity and lipid peroxidation measured by MDA content, as well as a decreased colonic inflammatory cytokines. IR tropisetron decreased colonic damage that was associated with decreased neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation and colonic inflammatory cytokines. Beneficial effects of tropisetron were lower than those of dexamethasone. No significant differences were observed between IP and IR administration with the exception of MDA level more diminished by IP tropisetron and dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS Tropisetron exert beneficial effects in experimental rat colitis and therefore might be useful in the treatment of IBD.
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Fulgenzi A, Ticozzi P, Gabel CA, Dell'Antonio G, Quattrini A, Franzone JS, Ferrero ME. Periodate oxidized ATP (oATP) reduces hyperalgesia in mice: involvement of P2X7 receptors and implications for therapy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:61-71. [PMID: 18336732 DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some inflammatory mediators play an important role not only in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory pain, but also in that of neuropathic and visceral pain. We previously showed the antihyperalgesic effect of oATP, the inhibitor of the P2X7 receptors for the pro-nociceptive ATP, in experimental inflammation. Here we show the antihyperalgesic effect of oATP in mouse models of neuropathic and visceral pain, other than in a model of arthritic pain mimicking rheumatoid arthritis in humans. We also show that mice lacking P2X7 receptors (KO) are resistant to hyperalgesic thermal stimuli following the induction of arthritic, neuropathic and visceral pain. Local (injection into the right hind paw) pre-treatment with oATP is able to prevent the successive induction of ATP-dependent hyperalgesia in wild type mice. In addition, KO mice are not insensitive to intraplantar treatment with ATP. Our data suggest that, even if oATP is able to inhibit purinoceptors different from P2X7, the latter are the more important involved in pain transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fulgenzi
- Institute of General Pathology, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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Zhou Q, Price DD, Caudle RM, Verne GN. Visceral and somatic hypersensitivity in TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:429-35. [PMID: 17703363 PMCID: PMC2807888 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of visceral structures in rats has been shown to produce visceral/somatic hyperalgesia. Our objectives were to determine if trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in rats leads to visceral/somatic hypersensitivity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were treated with 20 mg of TNBS in 50% ethanol (n = 40) or an equivalent volume of ethanol (n = 40) or saline (n = 25) via the colon. Colonic distension, Von Frey, Hargreaves, and tail reflex tests were used to evaluate for visceral, mechanical, and thermal sensitivity. The rats demonstrated visceral hypersensitivity at 2-28 days following TNBS administration (P < 0.0001). The ethanol-treated rats also demonstrated visceral hypersensitivity that resolved after day 14. TNBS-treated rats demonstrated somatic hypersensitivity at days 14-28 (P < 0.0001) in response to somatic stimuli of the hind paw. TNBS colitis is associated with visceral and somatic hypersensitivity in areas of somatotopic overlap. This model of colitis should allow further investigation into the mechanisms of visceral and somatic hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiQi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Donald D. Price
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Robert M. Caudle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - G. Nicholas Verne
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
- North Florida/South Georgia VA Medical System, USA
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Shinkai M, Henke MO, Rubin BK. Macrolide antibiotics as immunomodulatory medications: proposed mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 117:393-405. [PMID: 18289694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics administered in sub-antimicrobial doses improve pulmonary function and decrease exacerbation frequency for persons with diffuse panbronchiolitis or cystic fibrosis. Data also suggest a beneficial effect of macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of steroid dependent asthma. Many potential immunomodulatory effects of macrolide antibiotics have been reported including the ability to down-regulate prolonged inflammation, decreasing airway mucus secretion, inhibiting bacterial biofilm, decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species, inhibiting neutrophil activation and mobilization, accelerating neutrophil apoptosis, and blocking the activation of nuclear transcription factors. Macrolides initially decrease, then increase, and have finally a sustained suppression of cytokine secretions from normal human bronchial epithelial cells through inhibition and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and then reversibly retard cell proliferation probably through ERK. Consistent with this, macrolide antibiotics possibly reduce mucin production as well as neutrophil migration by interfering with ERK signal transduction.
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Fillmann H, Kretzmann NA, San-Miguel B, Llesuy S, Marroni N, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Glutamine inhibits over-expression of pro-inflammatory genes and down-regulates the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in an experimental model of colitis in the rat. Toxicology 2007; 236:217-26. [PMID: 17543437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of glutamine on markers of oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, and pro-inflammatory mediators in a rat model of experimental colitis induced by intracolonic administration of 7% acetic acid. Glutamine (25 mg/kg) was given by rectal route 48 and 24h before acetic acid instillation. Glutamine significantly reduced gross damage and histopathological scores, and partially prevented the decrease of anal pressure observed in the animals receiving acetic acid. Increases in the cytosolic concentration of TBARS and hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence were significantly prevented in glutamine-treated animals. Acetic acid instillation induced a marked increase of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit expression in the nucleus and resulted in significant changes in the cytosolic protein level of IkappaB kinases (IKKalpha and IKKbeta) and the non-phosphorylated form of the inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly increased. All these effects were partially prevented by administration of glutamine. It is concluded that the anti-inflammatory activity of glutamine in a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of the expression of certain pro-inflammatory mediators which are regulated by the oxidative stress-sensitive NF-kappaB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Fillmann
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Hospital de Clinicas Porto Alegre, Brazil
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