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Dua R, Bhardwaj T, Ahmad I, Somvanshi P. Investigating the potential of Juglans regia phytoconstituents for the treatment of cervical cancer utilizing network biology and molecular docking approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287864. [PMID: 38626166 PMCID: PMC11020953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The fourth most frequent type of cancer in women and the leading cause of mortality for females worldwide is cervical cancer. Traditionally, medicinal plants have been utilized to treat various illnesses and ailments. The molecular docking method is used in the current study to look into the phytoconstituents of Juglans regia's possible anticancer effects on cervical cancer target proteins. This work uses the microarray dataset analysis of GSE63678 from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database to find differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions of differentially expressed genes were constructed using network biology techniques. The top five hub genes (IGF1, FGF2, ESR1, MYL9, and MYH11) are then determined by computing topological parameters with Cytohubba. In addition, molecular docking research was performed on Juglans regia phytocompounds that were extracted from the IMPPAT database versus hub genes that had been identified. Utilizing molecular dynamics, simulation confirmed that prioritized docked complexes with low binding energies were stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Dua
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences (SCIS), Jawaharlal Nehru University, JNU Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Bhardwaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences (SCIS), Jawaharlal Nehru University, JNU Campus, New Delhi, India
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Erkoc-Kaya D, Arikoglu H, Guclu E, Dursunoglu D, Menevse E. Juglone-ascorbate treatment enhances reactive oxygen species mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:340. [PMID: 38393422 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is challenging due to its aggressiveness and acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic agents and strategies is essential. Juglone, a naphthoquinone, is a secondary metabolite produced naturally in walnut-type trees having allelopathic features in its native environment. Juglone was shown to prevent cell proliferation and induce ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Ascorbate with both antioxidant and oxidant features, shows selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of Juglone in combination with ascorbate in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 PC cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 dose of Juglone with 1 mM NaAscorbate (Jug-NaAsc). Subsequently, the cells were treated with 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM Jug-NaAsc for 24 h. Apoptotic effects were evaluated by analyzing the following genes using qPCR; proapoptotic Bax, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 related to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and apoptosis inhibitor Birc5 (Survivin). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed using Annexin V-FITC in PC cells. As an antioxidant enzyme, Trx2 protein levels were determined by a commercial ELISA test kit. Jug-NaAsc treatment decreased the expressions of antiapoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Birc5 while the apoptotic gene Bax expression increased at all doses. Additionally, a dose-dependently increase of apoptosis according to immunofluorescence analysis and the decreases of Trx2 enzyme levels at all treatments in both cell lines supported gene expression results. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Juglone is a potential anticancer agent especially when combined with ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudu Erkoc-Kaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Arikoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Guclu
- Department of Basic Science and Health, Hemp Research Institute Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Duygu Dursunoglu
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esma Menevse
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Zhang X, Wang D, Chang M, Wang W, Shen Z, Xu X. CuBr-mediated synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinones via ring expansion of 2-aryl-1,3-indandiones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12326-12329. [PMID: 37753616 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03753c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A CuBr-mediated direct insertion of alkenes into unstrained ring 2-aryl-1,3-indandiones is reported, which provides a one-carbon ring expansion strategy for the synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinones. Entirely differing from the existing reports, the alkenes herein behave as C1 units to participate in annulation reactions. This transformation provides a facile route to access a class of highly functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinones with good yields, good functional-group tolerance and high atom-economy. Further research on the application of this reaction is currently underway in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
| | - Di Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
| | - Mengfan Chang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
| | - Wanya Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
| | - Zhi Shen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
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Ivasechko I, Lozynskyi A, Senkiv J, Roszczenko P, Kozak Y, Finiuk N, Klyuchivska O, Kashchak N, Manko N, Maslyak Z, Lesyk D, Karkhut A, Polovkovych S, Czarnomysy R, Szewczyk O, Kozytskiy A, Karpenko O, Khyluk D, Gzella A, Bielawski K, Bielawska A, Dzubak P, Gurska S, Hajduch M, Stoika R, Lesyk R. Molecular design, synthesis and anticancer activity of new thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles based on 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115304. [PMID: 37001390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of 11-substituted 9-hydroxy-3,5,10,11-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[6,7]thiochromeno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-2,5,10-triones 3.1-3.13 were synthesized via hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of 5-ene-4-thioxo-2-thiazolidinones and 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone). The structure of newly synthesized compounds was established by means of spectral data and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested on a panel of cell lines representing different types of cancer as well as normal and pseudonormal cells and peripheral human blood lymphocytes. Compound 3.10 was found to be the most active derivative, exhibiting a cytotoxic effect similar to doxorubicin's one (IC50 ranged from 0.6 to 5.98 μM), but less toxic to normal and pseudonormal cells. All synthesized compounds were able to interact with DNA, although their anticancer activity did not correlate with the potency of interaction with DNA. The status of p53 in colorectal cancer cells correlated with the activity of the synthesized derivatives 3.1, 3.7, and 3.10. Compound 3.10 did not have an acute toxic effect on the body of С57BL/6 mice, unlike the well-known anticancer drug doxorubicin, which was used as a positive control. The injection of 3.10 (20 mg/kg) to mice had no effect on the counts of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets and hemoglobin level in their blood, in contrast to doxorubicin, which caused anemia and leukopenia, indicating bio-tolerance of 3.10in vivo.
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Hu C, Xu H, Li Z, Liu D, Zhang S, Fang F, Wang L. Juglone promotes antitumor activity against prostate cancer via suppressing glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Phytother Res 2023; 37:515-526. [PMID: 36281060 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The treatments currently used for prostate cancer (PC) do not meet clinical needs, and thus, new therapies with greater effectiveness are urgently required. Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is emerging as an exciting field for cancer therapy. Although the Warburg effect is a common feature of glucose metabolism in many cancers, PC cells have a unique metabolic phenotype. Non-neoplastic prostate cells show reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) because large, accumulated zinc inhibits citrate oxidation. During transformation, there are low levels of zinc in PC cells, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is reactivated. However, metastatic PC exhibits the Warburg effect. Due to metabolic differences in prostate tissue, targeting metabolic alterations in PC cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy. In this study, we investigated the effect of juglone on energy metabolism in PC cells. We found that juglone inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that juglone suppressed OXPHOS and glycolysis due to its inhibition of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. Furthermore, downregulation of PFK and PK, but not HK contributed to the inhibition of these enzyme activities. The current study indicates that further development of juglone for PC treatment would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Changchun Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Changchun city, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- College of medical technology, Beihua university, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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El-Sheikh M, Mesalam A, Khalil AAK, Idrees M, Ahn MJ, Mesalam AA, Kong IK. Downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Juglone-Treated Bovine Oocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010114. [PMID: 36670976 PMCID: PMC9854430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that juglone, a natural compound found in Juglandaceae with a wide range of biological activities, can reduces the developmental competence of bovine oocytes. In the current study, we investigated the possible mechanisms behind the toxicity of juglone and the relationship with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling during the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes. Results show that oocyte exposure to juglone was associated with a significant decrease in filamentous actin (F-actin) accumulation. The RT-qPCR showed downregulation of the meiosis progression indicator GSK-3A, oocyte development marker BMP15, mitochondria fusion controlling MFN1, oxidative stress-related OGG1, and histone methylation-related EZH1, EZH2, SUZ12, G9a, and SUV39H2 genes in juglone-treated oocytes. In addition, glycolysis- (PFK1 and GLUT1), ATP synthesis- (ATPase8 and ATP5F1B), and OXPHOS-specific markers (SDHA and SDHD), as well as the oocyte survival regulators (SOD2, VEGF, and MAPK1) significantly decreased upon juglone treatment. Moreover, lower expression of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR was observed at the transcriptional and/or translational level(s). The autophagy markers LC3B and beclin-1 as well as the DNA damage-specific marker 8-OxoG displayed overexpression in juglone-exposed oocytes. Taken together, our results show that administration of juglone during the IVM can reduce the quality and developmental health of bovine oocytes through downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its downstream signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa El-Sheikh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Atef Mesalam
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (I.-K.K.)
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (I.-K.K.)
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Cui H, Xie W, Hua Z, Cao L, Xiong Z, Tang Y, Yuan Z. Recent Advancements in Natural Plant Colorants Used for Hair Dye Applications: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228062. [PMID: 36432162 PMCID: PMC9692289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an on-going demand in recent years for safer and "greener" hair coloring agents with the global consumer awareness of the adverse effects of synthetic hair dyes. The belief in sustainability and health benefits has focused the attention of the scientific community towards natural colorants that serve to replace their synthetic toxic counterparts. This review article encompasses the historical applications of a vast array of natural plant hair dyes and summarizes the possible coloration mechanisms (direct dyeing and mordant dyeing). Current information on phytochemicals (quinones, tannins, flavonoids, indigo, curcuminoids and carotenoids) used for hair dyeing are summarized, including their botanical sources, color chemistry and biological/toxicological activities. A particular focus is given on research into new natural hair dye sources along with eco-friendly, robust and cost-effective technologies for their processing and applications, such as the synthetic biology approach for colorant production, encapsulation techniques for stabilization and the development of inorganic nanocarriers. In addition, innovative in vitro approaches for the toxicological assessments of natural hair dye cosmetics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenjing Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhongjie Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ziyi Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhiqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (Z.Y.)
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Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Davaran S, Dastmalchi S. Preparation and Antiproliferative Activity Evaluation of Juglone-Loaded BSA Nanoparticles. Adv Pharm Bull 2022; 12:818-827. [PMID: 36415643 PMCID: PMC9675913 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Today, the discovery of novel and effective chemotherapeutic compounds is the main challenge in cancer therapy. In recent years, the anti-tumoral activity of natural naphthoquinone juglone (JUG), present in different parts of walnut trees, has received considerable interest. The purpose of the current study was to prepare and evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative activity of JUG-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (JUG-BSA NPs). Methods: BSA NPs and JUG-BSA NPs were prepared using the desolvation technique. The NPs were characterized for their particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), drug loading (DL) capacity and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The anti-proliferative activity of JUG-BSA NPs was evaluated on A431 and HT29 cancer cell lines using cellular uptake and MTT assays. Results: The PS and ZP values of JUG-BSA NPs were 85 ± 6.55 nm and -29.6 mV, respectively. The DL capacity and EE were 3.7% to 5% and 50.4% to 94.6%, respectively. The cytotoxicity of JUG-BSA NPs was significantly less on both cultured A431 and HT29 cells at the studied concentrations when compared to free JUG. However, the effect was not very substantial, particularly at high levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, BSA NPs can be used as a suitable and safe carrier for the delivery of JUG, a cytotoxic hydrophobic natural compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX: 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Labbozzetta M, Poma P, Occhipinti C, Sajeva M, Notarbartolo M. Antitumor Effect of Glandora rosmarinifolia (Boraginaceae) Essential Oil through Inhibition of the Activity of the Topo II Enzyme in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134203. [PMID: 35807446 PMCID: PMC9268258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown that the antitumor and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts of Glandora rosmarinifolia appears to involve a pro-oxidant mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Its most abundant compound is a hydroxy-methyl-naphthoquinone isomer. Important pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic activities, are attributed to naphthoquinones, probably due to their pro-oxidant or electrophilic potential; for some naphthoquinones, a mechanism of action of topoisomerase inhibition has been reported, in which they appear to act both as catalytic inhibitors and as topoisomerase II poisons. Our aim was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil on an acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 and on its multidrug-resistant (MDR) variant HL-60R and verify its ability to interfere with topoisomerase II activity. MTS assay showed that G. rosmarinifolia EO induced a decrease in tumor cell viability equivalent in the two cell lines; this antitumor effect could depend on the pro-oxidant activity of EO in both cell lines. Furthermore, G. rosmarinifolia EO reduced the activity of Topo II in the nuclear extracts of HL-60 and HL-60R cells, as inferred from the inability to convert the kinetoplast DNA into the decatenated form and then not inducing linear kDNA. Confirming this result, flow cytometric analysis proved that EO induced a G0-G1 phase arrest, with cell reduction in the S-phase. In addition, the combination of EO with etoposide showed a good potentiation effect in terms of cytotoxicity in both cell lines. Our results highlight the antitumor activity of EO in the HL-60 cell line and its MDR variant with a peculiar mechanism as a Topo II modulator. Unlike etoposide, EO does not cause stabilization of a covalent Topo II-DNA intermediate but acts as a catalytic inhibitor. These data make G. rosmarinifolia EO a potential anticancer drug candidate due to its cytotoxic action, which is not affected by multidrug resistance.
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Jia Q, Sieburth D. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide positively regulates neuropeptide secretion during diet-induced activation of the oxidative stress response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2304. [PMID: 33863916 PMCID: PMC8052458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the generation of signals coupling metabolism with neurotransmitter release, but a role for mitochondrial-produced ROS in regulating neurosecretion has not been described. Here we show that endogenously produced hydrogen peroxide originating from axonal mitochondria (mtH2O2) functions as a signaling cue to selectively regulate the secretion of a FMRFamide-related neuropeptide (FLP-1) from a pair of interneurons (AIY) in C. elegans. We show that pharmacological or genetic manipulations that increase mtH2O2 levels lead to increased FLP-1 secretion that is dependent upon ROS dismutation, mitochondrial calcium influx, and cysteine sulfenylation of the calcium-independent PKC family member PKC-1. mtH2O2-induced FLP-1 secretion activates the oxidative stress response transcription factor SKN-1/Nrf2 in distal tissues and protects animals from ROS-mediated toxicity. mtH2O2 levels in AIY neurons, FLP-1 secretion and SKN-1 activity are rapidly and reversibly regulated by exposing animals to different bacterial food sources. These results reveal a previously unreported role for mtH2O2 in linking diet-induced changes in mitochondrial homeostasis with neuropeptide secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- PIBBS program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Sieburth
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Induction of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Juglone Affects the Development of Bovine Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010168. [PMID: 33375280 PMCID: PMC7794829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglone, a major naphthalenedione component of walnut trees, has long been used in traditional medicine as an antimicrobial and antitumor agent. Nonetheless, its impact on oocyte and preimplantation embryo development has not been entirely clarified. Using the bovine model, we sought to elucidate the impact of juglone treatment during the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes on their maturation and development of embryos. Results showed a severe reduction in oocyte nuclear maturation and cumulus expansion and a significant increase in mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) treated with juglone (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 µM). In addition, RT-qPCR showed downregulation of the expansion-related (HAS2, TNFAIP6, PTX3, and PTGS2) and mitochondrial (ATPase6 and ATP5F1E) genes in juglone-treated COCs. Moreover, the development rates of day 4 total cleavage and 8-16 cell stage embryos, as well as day 8 blastocysts, were significantly reduced following exposure to juglone. Using immunofluorescence, the apoptotic marker caspase-9 was overexpressed in oocytes exposed to juglone (25.0 µM) compared to the untreated control. In conclusion, our study reports that exposing bovine oocytes to 12.5-50.0 µM of juglone can reduce their development through the direct induction of ROS accumulation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Synthesis of new N,S-acetal analogs derived from juglone with cytotoxic activity against Trypanossoma cruzi. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:199-213. [PMID: 32418003 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of 11 new N,S-acetal juglone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against T. cruzi epimastigote forms. These compounds were obtained in good to moderate yields using a microwave irradiation protocol. Among all compounds, two N,S-acetal analogs, showed significant trypanocidal activity. Notably, one compound 11g exhibited selectivity index 10-fold higher than the reference drug benznidazole for epimastigote. The compound 11h was more effective for amastigote forms. Both prototypes exhibited S.I. higher than the benznidazole description. Thus, both compounds proving to be useful candidate molecules to further studies in infected animals.
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Durak S, Arasoglu T, Ates SC, Derman S. Enhanced antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:175705. [PMID: 31931488 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6ab9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the resistance to drugs, studies involving the combination and controlled release of different agents are gradually increasing. In this study, two different active ingredients, known to have antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, were encapsulated into single polymeric nanoparticles. After co-encapsulation their antibacterial and antileishmanial activity was enhanced approximately 5 and 250 times, respectively. Antibacterial and antileishmanial activities of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and juglone loaded, multifunctional nanoformulations (CJ4-CJ6-CJ8) were also evaluated for the first time in the literature comparatively with their combined free formulations. The antibacterial activity of the multifunctional nanoformulation (CJ8) were found to have a much higher activity (MIC values 6.25 and 12.5 μg ml-1 for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively) than all other formulations. Similar efficacy for CJ8 was obtained in the antiparasitic study against the Leishmania promastigotes and the IC50 was reduced to 0.1263 μg ml-1. The high activity of multifunctional nanoparticles is not only due to the synergistic effect of the active molecules but also by the encapsulation into polymeric nanoparticles. Therefore, it has been shown in the literature for the first time that the biological activity of molecules whose activity is increased by the synergistic effect can be improved with nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Durak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey. Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of juglone: a comparison of free and nano-encapsulated form. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:69-77. [PMID: 32597139 PMCID: PMC7837238 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, the application of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4,-naphthoquinone) is limited due to its low water solubility and allelopathic and toxic effects. In recent years, research has aimed to overcome these limitations by increasing its solubility and controlling its release through nanoparticular systems. This is the first study to have synthesised and characterised juglone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and compared them with free juglone for cytotoxicity in mouse (L929 fibroblasts) and alfalfa cells and for mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA98/100. Mouse and plant cells treated with free and nano-encapsulated juglone showed a decrease in cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, but this effect was significantly lower with the nano-encapsulated form at lower doses. In the TA98 strain with S9, nano-encapsulated juglone did not exhibit mutagenic effects, unlike the free form. Since all results show that juglone encapsulation with polymeric nanoparticles reduced the toxic and mutagenic effects, it has a promising potential to be applied in medicine, food safety, and agriculture.
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Valério GN, Gutiérrez-Merino C, Nogueira F, Moura I, Moura JJG, Samhan-Arias AK. Human erythrocytes exposure to juglone leads to an increase of superoxide anion production associated with cytochrome b 5 reductase uncoupling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148134. [PMID: 31825806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome b5 reductase is an enzyme with the ability to generate superoxide anion at the expenses of NADH consumption. Although this activity can be stimulated by cytochrome c and could participate in the bioenergetic failure accounting in apoptosis, very little is known about other molecules that may uncouple the function of the cytochrome b5 reductase. Naphthoquinones are redox active molecules with the ability to interact with electron transfer chains. In this work, we made an inhibitor screening against recombinant human cytochrome b5 reductase based on naphthoquinone properties. We found that 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (known as juglone), a natural naphthoquinone extracted from walnut trees and used historically in traditional medicine with ambiguous health and toxic outcomes, had the ability to uncouple the electron transfer from the reductase to cytochrome b5 and ferricyanide. Upon complex formation with cytochrome b5 reductase, juglone is able to act as an electron acceptor leading to a NADH consumption stimulation and an increase of superoxide anion production by the reductase. Our results suggest that cytochrome b5 reductase could contribute to the measured energetic failure in the erythrocyte apoptosis induced by juglone, that is concomitant with the reactive oxygen species produced by cytochrome b5 reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel N Valério
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gutiérrez-Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Fatima Nogueira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Unidade de Ensino e Investigação de Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira no 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), c / Arturo Duperier 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain.
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Andriamanantena M, Danthu P, Cardon D, Fawbush FR, Raonizafinimanana B, Razafintsalama VE, Rakotonandrasana SR, Ethève A, Petit T, Caro Y. Malagasy Dye Plant Species: A Promising Source of Novel Natural Colorants with Potential Applications – A Review. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900442. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahery Andriamanantena
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des AlimentsUniversité de La Réunion FR-97490 Sainte-Clotilde Réunion
- Département Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires (IAA-ESSA)Université d'Antananarivo MG-101 Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Pascal Danthu
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)Unité HortSys FR-34000 Montpellier France
- Université de Montpellier FR-34000 Montpellier France
| | | | - Fanjaniaina R. Fawbush
- Département Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires (IAA-ESSA)Université d'Antananarivo MG-101 Antananarivo Madagascar
| | - Béatrice Raonizafinimanana
- Département Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires (IAA-ESSA)Université d'Antananarivo MG-101 Antananarivo Madagascar
| | | | | | - Andrée Ethève
- Association Femmes Entrepreneurs Environnement Mahajanga (FEEM) MG-401 Mahajanga Madagascar
| | - Thomas Petit
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des AlimentsUniversité de La Réunion FR-97490 Sainte-Clotilde Réunion
- Département Hygiène Sécurité Environnement (HSE), IUT de La RéunionUniversité de La Réunion 40 Avenue de Soweto FR-97410 Saint-Pierre Réunion
| | - Yanis Caro
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des AlimentsUniversité de La Réunion FR-97490 Sainte-Clotilde Réunion
- Département Hygiène Sécurité Environnement (HSE), IUT de La RéunionUniversité de La Réunion 40 Avenue de Soweto FR-97410 Saint-Pierre Réunion
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ROS -mediated p53 activation by juglone enhances apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114647. [PMID: 31283929 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Juglone (JG) exhibits a broad-spectrum of cytotoxicity against some cancer cells. However, its molecular mechanisms have not been investigated well. Here, the present results showed that JG significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CCK-8 assays, flow cytometric analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that JG effectively inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through extrinsic pathways. We also observed that JG treatment induced autophagy flux via activiting the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, we found that JG enhanced p53 activation by increasing down-regulation of ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Inhibition of p53 by siRNA attenuated JG-induced cell death and autophagy. Moreover, JG enhanced the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2• -). Further experiments proved that H2O2 was a major factor since the H2O2 scavenger catalase (CAT) reduced both autophagy and cell death to a greater extent than the O2• - scavenger SOD. Overall, our results illustrated that JG caused apoptosis and autophagy via activating the ROS-mediated p53 pathway in human liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which provided basic scientific evidence that JG serves as a potential anti-cancer agent.
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Zhou B, Liu Q, Wang H, Jin H, Liu Y. CuI/Cu(OTf)2/DMSO system-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cyclization of (o-alkynyl)arylketones: Efficient synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Soto-Maldonado C, Vergara-Castro M, Jara-Quezada J, Caballero-Valdés E, Müller-Pavez A, Zúñiga-Hansen ME, Altamirano C. Polyphenolic extracts of walnut (Juglans regia) green husk containing juglone inhibit the growth of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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20
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Zhang X, Li W, Sun X, Li J, Wu W, Liu H. Vitamin C protects against defects induced by juglone during porcine oocyte maturation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19574-19581. [PMID: 30980384 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Juglone, a naphthoquinone isolated from many species of the Juglandaceae family, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries because of its antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. However, the toxicity of juglone has also been demonstrated. Here, we used porcine oocytes as a model to explore the effects of juglone on oocyte maturation and studied the impact of vitamin C (VC) administration on juglone exposure-induced meiosis defects. Exposure to juglone significantly restricted cumulus cell expansion and decreased the first polar body extrusion. In addition, juglone exposure disturbed spindle organization, actin assembly, and the distribution of mitochondria during oocyte meiosis, while the acetylation level of α-tubulin was also reduced. These defects were all ameliorated by VC administration. Our findings indicate that juglone exposure induced meiotic failure in porcine oocytes, while VC protected against these defects during porcine oocyte maturation by ameliorating the organization of the cytoskeleton and mitochondrial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofan Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ahmad T, Suzuki YJ. Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040091. [PMID: 30959841 PMCID: PMC6523217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a phenolic compound found in walnuts. Because of the antioxidant capacities of phenolic compounds, juglone may serve to combat oxidative stress, thereby protecting against the development of various diseases and aging processes. However, being a quinone molecule, juglone could also act as a redox cycling agent and produce reactive oxygen species. Such prooxidant properties of juglone may confer health effects, such as by killing cancer cells. Further, recent studies revealed that juglone influences cell signaling. Notably, juglone is an inhibitor of Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) that could regulate phosphorylation of Tau, implicating potential effects of juglone in Alzheimer’s disease. Juglone also activates mitogen-activated protein kinases that could promote cell survival, thereby protecting against conditions such as cardiac injury. This review describes recent advances in the understanding of the effects and roles of juglone in oxidative stress and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taseer Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Zhao X, Song X, Zhao J, Zhu W, Hou J, Wang Y, Zhang W. Juglone Inhibits Proliferation of HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells Specifically. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:475-480. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Xiaoxing Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Jierui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Wenhe Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Jiancheng Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College of Jilin Medical University
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Potential immunomodulatory effect of allelochemical juglone in mice vaccinated with BCG. Toxicon 2019; 157:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Natural Products to Fight Cancer: A Focus on Juglans regia. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110469. [PMID: 30441778 PMCID: PMC6266065 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even if cancer represents a burden for human society, an exhaustive cure has not been discovered yet. Low therapeutic index and resistance to pharmacotherapy are two of the major limits of antitumour treatments. Natural products represent an excellent library of bioactive molecules. Thus, tapping into the natural world may prove useful in identifying new therapeutic options with favourable pharmaco-toxicological profiles. Juglans regia, or common walnut, is a very resilient tree that has inhabited our planet for thousands of years. Many studies correlate walnut consumption to beneficial effects towards several chronic diseases, such as cancer, mainly due to the bioactive molecules stored in different parts of the plant. Among others, polyphenols, quinones, proteins, and essential fatty acids contribute to its pharmacologic activity. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive perspective about the antitumour potential of the most promising compounds stored in this plant, such as juglanin, juglone, and the ellagitannin-metabolites urolithins or deriving from walnut dietary intake. All molecules and a chronic intake of the fruit provide tangible anticancer effects. However, the scarcity of studies on humans does not allow results to be conclusive.
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Identification of Polar Constituents in the Decoction of Juglans mandshurica and in the Medicated Egg Prepared with the Decoction by HPLC-Q-TOF MS². Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091452. [PMID: 28862686 PMCID: PMC6151821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a folk medicinal plant, Juglans mandshurica has been used for the treatment of cancer in China and Korea. Traditionally, J. mandshurica is decocted together with chicken eggs. Both the decoction and medicated eggs possess anti-tumor properties. Clarifying the constituents of the decoction and absorbed by the medicated eggs is essential for the investigation of the active principles of J. mandshurica. Herein, the medicated eggs were prepared by decocting raw chicken eggs, having unbroken shells, with the decoction of J. mandshurica. A systematic investigation of the chemical profile of the J. mandshurica decoction and the medicated egg extraction was conducted by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS2. In total, 93 peaks, including 45 tannins, 14 naphthalene derivatives, 17 organic acids, 3 diarylheptanoids, 4 lignans, 3 anthraquinones, 1 flavonoid glycoside, 3 amino acids, and 3 nitrogenous compounds, were tentatively identified in the decoction. In the medicated egg extraction, 44 peaks including 11 organic acids, 3 amino acids, 3 nitrogenous compounds, 8 naphthalene derivatives, 3 diarylheptanoids, 15 tannins, and 1 lignan were tentatively identified. The chemical profile presented provided a detailed overview of the polar chemical constituents in J. mandshurica and useful information for the research of bioactive compounds of this plant.
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Wang J, Liu K, Wang XF, Sun DJ. Juglone reduces growth and migration of U251 glioblastoma cells and disrupts angiogenesis. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1959-1966. [PMID: 28791366 PMCID: PMC5652942 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data show that prolylisomerase (Pin1) is overexpressed in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) specimens. Therefore, Pin1 inhibitors should be investigated as a new chemotherapeutic drug that may enhance the clinical management of human gliomas. Recently, juglone, a Pin1 inhibitor, was shown to exhibit potent anticancer activity in various tumor cells, but its role in human glioma cells remains unknown. In the present study, we determined if juglone exerts antitumor effects in the U251 human glioma cell line and investigated its potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell survival, apoptosis, migration, angiogenesis and molecular targets were identified with multiple detection techniques including the MTT cell proliferation assay, dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, electron microscopy, Transwell migration assay, chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. The results showed that 5–20 µM juglone markedly suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and enhanced caspase-3 activity in U251 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, juglone inhibited cell migration and the formation of new blood vessels. At the molecular level, juglone markedly suppressed Pin1 levels in a time-dependent manner. TGF-β1/Smad signaling, a critical upstream regulator of miR-21, was also suppressed by juglone. Moreover, the transient overexpression of Pin1 reversed its antitumor effects in U251 cells and inhibited juglone-mediated changes to the TGF-β1/miR-21 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that juglone inhibits cell growth by causing apoptosis, thereby inhibiting the migration of U251 glioma cells and disrupting angiogenesis; and that Pin1 is a critical target for juglones antitumor activity. The present study provides evidence that juglone has in vitro efficacy against glioma. Therefore, additional studies are warranted to examine the clinical potential of juglone in human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Drug-protein binding mechanism of juglone for early pharmacokinetic profiling: Insights from ultrafiltration, multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:262-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jaradat NA, Zaid AN, Al-Ramahi R, Alqub MA, Hussein F, Hamdan Z, Mustafa M, Qneibi M, Ali I. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants practiced by traditional healers and herbalists for treatment of some urological diseases in the West Bank/Palestine. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:255. [PMID: 28482898 PMCID: PMC5422913 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout history, every civilization in the world used plants or their derivatives for treatment or prevention of diseases. In Palestine as in many other countries, herbal medicines are broadly used in the treatment of wide range of diseases including urological diseases. The main objective of this research is to study the use of herbal remedies by herbalists and traditional healers for treatment of various urological diseases in the West Bank regions of Palestine and to assess their efficacy and safety through the literature review of the most cited plants. METHOD The study included a survey part, plant identification and a review study. The first part was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Face to face questionnaires were distributed to 150 traditional healers and herbalist in all regions of the West Bank of Palestine. The literature review part was to assess the most cited plants for their efficacy and toxicity. RESULTS One hundred forty four herbalists and traditional healers accepted to participate in this study which was conducted between March and April, 2016. The results showed that 57 plant species belonging to 30 families were used by herbalists and traditional healers for treatment of various urinary tract diseases in Palestine. Of these, Apiaceae family was the most prevalent. Paronychia argentea, Plantago ovata, Punica granatum, Taraxacum syriacum, Morus alba and Foeniculum vulgare were the most commonly used plant species in the treatment of kidney stones, while Capsella bursa-pastoris, Ammi visnaga and Ammi majus were the most recommended species for treatment of urinary tract infections and Portulaca oleracea used for renal failure. In addition Curcuma longa and Crocus sativus were used for enuresis while Juglans regia, Quercus infectoria, Sambucus ebulus and Zea mays were used for treatment symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia. Fruits were the most common parts used, and a decoction was the most commonly used method of preparation. Through literature review, it was found that Paronychia argentea has a low hemolytic effect and contains oxalic acid and nitrate. Therefore, it could be harmful to renal failure patients, also Juglans regia, Quercus infectoria and, Sambucus ebulus are harmful plants and cannot be used for treatment of any disease. CONCLUSIONS Our data provided that ethnopharmacological flora in the West Bank regions of Palestine can be quite wealthy and diverse in the treatments of urinary tract diseases. Clinical trials and pharmacological tests are required evaluate safety and efficacy of these herbal remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Amin Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7 Palestine
| | - Abdel Naser Zaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7 Palestine
| | - Rowa Al-Ramahi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7 Palestine
| | - Malik A. Alqub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7 Palestine
| | - Fatima Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7 Palestine
| | - Zakaria Hamdan
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud Mustafa
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah University Hospital, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7 Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7 Palestine
| | - Iyad Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7 Palestine
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Investigating the interaction of juglone (5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone) with serum albumins using spectroscopic and in silico methods. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Park KH, Cho EH, Bae WJ, Kim HS, Lim HC, Park YD, Lee MO, Cho ES, Kim EC. Role of PIN1 on in vivo periodontal tissue and in vitro cells. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:617-627. [PMID: 28198538 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although expression of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) was reported in bone tissue, the precise role of PIN1 in periodontal tissue and cells remain unclear. MATERIAL & METHODS To elucidate the roles of PIN1 in periodontal tissue, its expression in periodontal tissue and cells, and effects on in vitro 4 osteoblast differentiation and the underlying signaling mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS PIN1 was expressed in mouse periodontal tissues including periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), cementoblasts and osteoblasts at the developing root formation stage (postnatal, PN14) and functional stage of tooth (PN28). Treatment of PIN1 inhibitor juglone, and gene silencing by RNA interference promoted osteoblast differentiation in PDLCs and cementoblasts, whereas the overexpression of PIN1 inhibited. Moreover, osteogenic medium-induced activation of AMPK, mTOR, Akt, ERK, p38 and NF-jB pathways were enhanced by PIN1 siRNA, but attenuated by PIN1 overexpression. Runx2 expressions were induced by PIN1 siRNA, but downregulated by PIN1 overexpression. CONCLUSION In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that PIN1 is expressed in developing periodontal tissue, and in vitro PDLCs and cementoblasts. PIN1 inhibition stimulates osteoblast differentiation, and thus may play an important role in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-H Cho
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-J Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-C Lim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-D Park
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-O Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-S Cho
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - E-C Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Liu T, Li Y, Li N. Effects and mechanism of juglone in combination with 5-FU on colon cancer CT-26 cells in vivo. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20170801013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Structural and Antioxidant Properties of Compounds Obtained from Fe 2+ Chelation by Juglone and Two of Its Derivatives: DFT, QTAIM, and NBO Studies. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2016; 2016:8636409. [PMID: 27774044 PMCID: PMC5059648 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8636409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chelating ability of juglone and two of its derivatives towards Fe2+ion and the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the resulting chelates and complexes (in the presence of H2O and CH3OH as ligands) in gas phase is reported via bond dissociation enthalpy, ionization potential, proton dissociation enthalpy, proton affinity, and electron transfer enthalpy. The DFT/B3LYP level of theory associated with the 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-31G(d) Pople-style basis sets on the atoms of the ligands and the central Fe(II), respectively, was used. Negative chelation free energies obtained revealed that juglone derivatives possessing the O-H substituent (L2) have the greatest ability to chelate Fe2+ ion. Apart from 1B, thermodynamic descriptors of the AOA showed that the direct hydrogen atom transfer is the preferred mechanism of the studied molecules. NBO analysis showed that the Fe-ligand bonds are all formed through metal to ligand charge transfer. QTAIM studies revealed that among all the Fe-ligand bonds, the O1-Fe bond of 1A is purely covalent. The aforementioned results show that the ligands can be used to fight against Fe(II) toxicity, thus preserving human health, and fight against the deterioration of industrial products. In addition, most of the complexes studied have shown a better AOA than their corresponding ligands.
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Arasoglu T, Mansuroglu B, Derman S, Gumus B, Kocyigit B, Acar T, Kocacaliskan I. Enhancement of Antifungal Activity of Juglone (5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) Using a Poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticle System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7087-7094. [PMID: 27600097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize and characterize juglone-entrapped poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and compare the antifungal properties of free juglone with its PLGA nanoparticle formulation for the first time. The juglone-loaded nanoparticles prepared using the oil-in-water (o/w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation method were characterized by the reaction yield (RY), encapsulation efficiency (EE), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size, zeta potential (ZP), FT-IR, and in vitro release properties and evaluated for their morphological features using SEM. The nanoparticle formulation had size, RY, ZP, EE, and PDI values of 212 nm, 66.91 ± 2.4%, -16.3 ± 0.7 mV, 70.66 ± 3.1%, and 0.083 ± 0.024, respectively. In vitro release showed a triphasic pattern with initial burst followed by sustained release and dormant phase over the study period, releasing about 72.8% in total after 42 days. The antifungal studies against Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, and Fusarium spp. using agar dilution and top agar dilution methods indicated that the juglone-encapsulated nanoparticle was more effective than free juglone. This study showed that the top agar method, which was applied for the first time on antifungal activity, is more suitable for the nanoparticular system based on sustained release. Therefore, PLGA nanoparticle formulations may be an important tool for application in many areas for the effective and beneficial use of hydrophobic compounds such as juglone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Arasoglu
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Mansuroglu
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Derman
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Gumus
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Kocyigit
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Acar
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kocacaliskan
- Science and Letters Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, and ‡Chemical and Metallurgy Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University , 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
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Wahedi HM, Park YU, Moon EY, Kim SY. Juglone ameliorates skin wound healing by promoting skin cell migration through Rac1/Cdc42/PAK pathway. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:786-794. [PMID: 27283994 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin cell regeneration and wound healing are key processes in the recovery from skin injuries. Rapid cell migration and regeneration of skin cells lead to faster and better healing of wounded skin. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the wound healing potential of juglone, a naturally occurring Pin1 inhibitor found in walnuts. Cultured skin cells (NHDF and HaCaT) and hairless mice were treated with juglone after wound creation to examine its effects on cell migration and wound healing rate. The expressions of cell migration related proteins (Rac1, Cdc42, and α-PAK), collagen deposition, and angiogenesis were analyzed. Juglone treatment resulted in faster rate of growth and migration and recovered cell morphology, particularly at a concentration of 5 µM, in skin cells compared to the untreated group. In vivo experiments showed that mice treated with juglone showed faster wound healing rate with better skin morphology and collagen deposition than the vehicle group. Furthermore, juglone increased the activation and/or expression of Cdc42, Rac1, and α-pak in HaCaT cells, and resulted in enhanced angiogenesis in endothelial cells (HUVECs). Juglone also activated MAPKs signaling by activation of ERK, JNK, and p38 proteins. Taken together, these data suggest that juglone may be a potential candidate for wound healing and skin regeneration which ameliorates wound healing mainly by promoting skin cell migration through Rac1/Cdc42/PAK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain M Wahedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong U Park
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Y Kim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Xu M, Cheung CCM, Chow C, Lun SWM, Cheung ST, Lo KW. Overexpression of PIN1 Enhances Cancer Growth and Aggressiveness with Cyclin D1 Induction in EBV-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156833. [PMID: 27258148 PMCID: PMC4892693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a peculiar Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy that is prevalent in South-East Asia. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) isomerizes specific phosphorylated amino acid residues, which makes it an important regulator in cell survival and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the contribution made by PIN1 in NPC tumorigenesis and PIN1’s potential role as a therapeutic target. Methods The expression of PIN1 was examined in a panel of NPC cell lines, xenografts and primary tumors. The functional roles of PIN1 in NPC cells were elucidated by the knockdown and overexpression of PIN1 in in vitro and in vivo nude mice models by siRNA and lenti-viral transfection, respectively. The antitumor effects of the PIN1 inhibitor Juglone in NPC cells were also evaluated. Results We revealed the consistent overexpression of PIN1 in almost all EBV-associated NPC cell lines, xenografts and primary tumors. PIN1 suppression was capable of inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and activating caspase-3 in NPC cells. It positively regulated NPC cell proliferation, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth. The inhibition of PIN1 suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions This study demonstrates the oncogenic role of PIN1 in NPC tumorigenesis, and shows that its overexpression can enhance tumor cell growth via the upregulation of cyclinD1. Our findings inform the development of novel treatments targeting PIN1 for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Chartia Ching-Mei Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Samantha Wei-Man Lun
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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Jaradat NA, Ayesh OI, Anderson C. Ethnopharmacological survey about medicinal plants utilized by herbalists and traditional practitioner healers for treatments of diarrhea in the West Bank/Palestine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:57-66. [PMID: 26883246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Folk herbal medicine knowledge and its utilization by aboriginal cultures are not only useful for conservation of cultural traditions and biodiversity, but also useful for community healthcare and drug discovery in the present and in the future. AIM OF THE STUDY Using a semi-structured questionnaire, an ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea in the West Bank/Palestine was investigated. RESULTS Information about fifty medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea, including the names of plants, parts used, mode and methods of preparation was obtained from 100 traditional healers and herbalists. This research is the first scientific work in the Middle East to collect data about plants used by traditional healers for treatments of diarrhea and their evidence based effects against this disease. The fidelity levels were 97% for Salvia fruticosa, Teucrium polium and Musa paradisiaca, 95% for Camellia sinensis and Aegle marmelos, 79% for Oryza sativa and Solanum tuberosum, 77% for Quercus boissieri, 66% for Psidium guajava, 56% for Anthemis palestina, 54% for Solanum nigrum and 52% for Juglans regia while the highest use and choice values were for S. fruticosa, T. polium and M. paradisiaca as well as the factor of informant's consensus for medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea was 0.505.The leaves were the most commonly used parts, followed by fruits, roots and rhizomes, while decoctions and infusions are the preferred methods of preparation. CONCLUSIONS The Palestinian traditional medicine is rich with herbal remedies for treatment of diarrhea in comparison with other countries, but most of these herbal remedies lack standard in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations to establish their antidiarrheal effects. Therefore, the information obtained can serve as a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies to determine their efficacy and safety which might contribute to a better integration of Palestinian traditional medicine into the national health system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Amin Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ola Ibrahim Ayesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Cynthia Anderson
- English Language Center, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
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Moori Bakhtiari N, Jamshidian J, Khalafi E. Effect of Juglans regia Li. Stem Bark Hydroalcoholic Extract on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-29095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Jha BK, Jung HJ, Seo I, Suh SI, Suh MH, Baek WK. Juglone induces cell death of Acanthamoeba through increased production of reactive oxygen species. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:100-6. [PMID: 26358271 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a major chemical constituent of Juglans mandshruica Maxim. Recent studies have demonstrated that juglone exhibits anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-parasitic properties. However, its effect against Acanthamoeba has not been defined yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of juglone on Acanthamoeba. We demonstrate that juglone significantly inhibits the growth of Acanthamoeba castellanii at 3-5 μM concentrations. Juglone increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused cell death of A. castellanii. Inhibition of ROS by antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) restored the cell viability. Furthermore, our results show that juglone increased the uptake of mitochondrial specific dye. Collectively, these results indicate that ROS played a significant role in the juglone-induced cell death of Acanthamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kumar Jha
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Jung Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Alzoubi K, Calabrò S, Egler J, Faggio C, Lang F. Triggering of programmed erythrocyte death by alantolactone. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:3596-612. [PMID: 25533522 PMCID: PMC4280550 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sesquiterpene alantolactone counteracts malignancy, an effect at least in part due to stimulation of suicidal death or apoptosis of tumor cells. Signaling of alantolactone induced apoptosis involves altered gene expression and mitochondrial depolarization. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria and nuclei but may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Cellular mechanisms involved in triggering of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) and oxidative stress. The present study explored, whether alantolactone stimulates eryptosis. To this end, erythrocyte volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure at the erythrocyte surface from FITC-annexin-V-binding, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies, and oxidative stress from 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence. As a result, a 48 h exposure of human erythrocytes to alantolactone (≥20 μM) significantly decreased erythrocyte forward scatter and increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells. Alantolactone significantly increased Fluo3 fluorescence (60 μM), ceramide abundance (60 μM) and DCFDA fluorescence (≥40 μM). The effect of alantolactone (60 μM) on annexin-V-binding was not significantly modified by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In conclusion, alantolactone stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect paralleled by increase of [Ca2+]i, ceramide abundance and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Salvatrice Calabrò
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Egler
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Calabrò S, Alzoubi K, Bissinger R, Jilani K, Faggio C, Lang F. Enhanced eryptosis following juglone exposure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:460-7. [PMID: 25348830 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Juglone, a quinone isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim, has previously been shown to be effective against malignancy. The effect is at least partially due to stimulation of suicidal death or apoptosis of tumour cells. On the other hand, juglone has been shown to counteract apoptosis, for example, of neurons. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, erythrocytes may enter eryptosis, a suicidal death characterized by cell shrinkage and breakdown of phosphatidylserine asymmetry of the cell membrane with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) activity [(Ca(2+) )i]. This study explored whether juglone stimulates eryptosis. To this end, erythrocyte volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface from FITC annexin V binding, ceramide abundance from binding of fluorescent antibodies in flow cytometry and cytosolic ATP with a luciferin-luciferase-based assay. As a result, a 24-hr exposure of human erythrocytes to juglone (5 μM) significantly decreased erythrocyte forward scatter. Juglone (1-5 μM) significantly increased the percentage of annexin V binding cells. Juglone (5 μM) significantly increased ceramide abundance at the erythrocyte surface and decreased erythrocyte ATP concentration. The effect of juglone (10 μM) on annexin V binding was slightly but significantly blunted by removal of extracellular Ca(2+) and by addition of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (1 μM). In conclusion, juglone stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis at least in part by upregulation of ceramide abundance, energy depletion and activation of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatrice Calabrò
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, S. Agata-Messina, Italy
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Rocheleau S, Arbour M, Elias M, Sunahara GI, Masson L. Toxicogenomic effects of nano- and bulk-TiO2 particles in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:502-12. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.948941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélanie Arbour
- National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miria Elias
- National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Luke Masson
- National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Vardhini SRD. Exploring the antiviral activity of juglone by computational method. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:456-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.917325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sun Z, Zhao L, Zuo L, Qi C, Zhao P, Hou X. A UHPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of six flavonoids, gallic acid and 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of Cortex Juglandis Mandshuricae extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 958:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pelageev DN, Dyshlovoy SA, Pokhilo ND, Denisenko VA, Borisova KL, Keller-von Amsberg G, Bokemeyer C, Fedorov SN, Honecker F, Anufriev VP. Quinone-carbohydrate nonglucoside conjugates as a new type of cytotoxic agents: synthesis and determination of in vitro activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:139-44. [PMID: 24631733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have found that 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones easily react with primary alcohols to produce the corresponding 2-alkoxyderivatives. Using this reaction, we synthesized methyl-6-O-(naphthalene-1,4-dione-2-yl)-α-D-glucopyranosides, a new type of water soluble quinone-carbohydrate nonglucoside conjugates. The resulting conjugates induced apoptosis in human cancer HeLa and normal mouse JB6 P(+) Cl41 cells with simultaneous inhibition of p53-dependant transcriptional activity, suggesting that the observed cell death was p53-independent. Furthermore, we analyzed structure-activity relationship and bioactivity of 2-hydroxy- and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones as well as carbohydrate nonglucoside conjugates. All compounds containing a quinone moiety were able to inhibit p53-dependant transcriptional activity and exerted moderate inhibitory effects on HeLa cell colony formation. Investigations of structure-activity relationships revealed that cytotoxicity depended on the type of substituent at C-2 of the quinone moiety, decreasing in the following order: methoxyderivatives > carbohydrate nonglucoside conjugates > hydroxyderivatives. Furthermore, cytotoxicity depended on the position of the hydroxy substituent in the quinone moiety in all derivatives and decreased in the following order: 8- > 5- > 5,8-derivatives. In conclusion, this is the first report on synthesis and biological structure-activity relationships of the new class of quinone-carbohydrate nonglucoside conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry N Pelageev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Russia; School of Natural Sciences, Far East Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Sukhanova St. 8, Russia
| | - Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Russia; School of Natural Sciences, Far East Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Sukhanova St. 8, Russia; Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, Germany
| | - Nataly D Pokhilo
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Denisenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Russia
| | - Ksenia L Borisova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Russia
| | - Gunhild Keller-von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, Germany
| | - Sergey N Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Russia
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, Germany; Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP, 9006 St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 150, Switzerland
| | - Victor Ph Anufriev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Russia.
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Dyshlovoy SA, Venz S, Shubina LK, Fedorov SN, Walther R, Jacobsen C, Stonik VA, Bokemeyer C, Balabanov S, Honecker F. Activity of aaptamine and two derivatives, demethyloxyaaptamine and isoaaptamine, in cisplatin-resistant germ cell cancer. J Proteomics 2013; 96:223-39. [PMID: 24269226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We analyzed the effects of all three marine alkaloids aaptamine, demethyloxyaaptamine and isoaaptamine in NT2-R, a cisplatin-resistant subline of the human embryonal carcinoma cell line NT2. All aaptamines were found to be equally effective in both cell lines, excluding cross-resistance between aaptamines and cisplatin in vitro. At the inhibitory concentration (IC50), aaptamine exerted an antiproliferative effect, whereas demethyloxyaaptamine and isoaaptamine were strong inducers of apoptosis. We analyzed the changes in the proteome of NT2-R cells treated with these compounds. 16-22 proteins were found to be significantly altered, of which several were validated by Western blotting and two-dimensional Western blotting analysis. Changes in the proteome pattern frequently resulted from post-transcriptional protein modifications, i.e. phosphorylation or hypusination in the case of eIF5A. Although the lists of altered proteins were heterogeneous and compound-specific, gene ontology analyses identified rather similar profiles regarding the affected molecular functions. Ingenuity pathway analysis by IPA put the following factors in a central position of the hypothetical networks: myc and p53 for aaptamine; tumor necrosis factor (TNF) for demethyloxyaaptamine; and all three, myc, p53, and TNF for isoaaptamine. Our results represent an important step towards a better understanding of the molecular basis underlying the observed bioactivity of these promising marine compounds. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We characterized the mode of action of three aaptamines, marine natural compound with anti-tumor activity, using a functional proteomics approach and the cisplatin-resistant pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cell line NT2-R. The manuscript is of particular scientific interest, as we could reveal the similarities and differences of the modes of action. Furthermore, we were able to identify several new targets of these promising compounds. We found hypusination of eIF5A to be a prominent feature exclusively of aaptamine treatment, as this was not observed upon treatment with demethyloxyaaptamine or isoaaptamine. Our results are a step towards unraveling the mode of action of these interesting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Simone Venz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Interfacultary Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Larisa K Shubina
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey N Fedorov
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Reinhard Walther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Jacobsen
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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AL-SEHEMI ABDULLAHG, IRFAN AHMAD, ALJUBIRI SALHAMANA, SHAKER KAMELHUSSEIN. COMBINED EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF LUTEOLIN. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633613500211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The luteolin has been extracted from Euphorbia schimperiana then 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR spectra were measured. The ground-state geometries have been computed by using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G* and M06/6-31++G** level of theories. The time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) has been applied to compute the absorption spectra with and without solvent. The absorption spectra have been computed in methanol to check the effect of solvent using the polarized continuum model (PCM). On the basis of bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and the adiabatic ionization potential (IP), we have explained the antioxidant activity of luteolin and its rotamer/positional isomer. Two mechanisms have been explained for the radical scavenging processes, i.e. hydrogen atom transfer and one-electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- ABDULLAH G. AL-SEHEMI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - AHMAD IRFAN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - SALHA MANA ALJUBIRI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - KAMEL HUSSEIN SHAKER
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
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Antibacterial Effect of Juglans Regia Bark against Oral Pathologic Bacteria. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:854765. [PMID: 23878540 PMCID: PMC3708447 DOI: 10.1155/2013/854765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. In this study antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Juglans regia bark in Iran was evaluated on four different oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Methods. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Juglans regia bark were prepared by using disk diffusion technique and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. Tetracycline 30 μg and Erythromycin 15 μg were used as positive control and water as negative control in disk diffusion and MIC methods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.
Results. The results showed that S. sanguis and S. mutans were the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria against ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Ethanolic extract had significant antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria. Aqueous extract did not show antibacterial effect on S. mutans, in contrast to ethanolic extract. Aqueous extract had significantly antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, S. salivarius, and S. sanguis compared to control (P < 0.0001), but it did not show effect on S. mutans when compared with Erythromycin. According to the obtained MIC values, ethanol extract of Juglans regia bark had the lowest rate.
Conclusion. The results may provide the basis for using natural antimicrobial substance for oral hygiene prophylaxis purposes.
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Zhang W, Liu A, Li Y, Zhao X, Lv S, Zhu W, Jin Y. Anticancer activity and mechanism of juglone on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23181283 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells has become the major focus of anti-tumor therapeutics development. Juglone, a major chemical constituent of Juglans mandshurica Maxim, possesses several bioactivities, including anti-tumor. In the present study, HeLa cells were incubated with juglone at various concentrations. The proliferation inhibition of juglone on HeLa cells was tested by the MTT assay. Occurrence of apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of apoptotic-related proteins was examined by Western blot. The results showed that juglone inhibits the growth of HeLa cells in dose-dependent manner. Topical morphological changes of apoptotic body formation after juglone treatment were observed. The percentages of early apoptosis of Annexin V-FITC were 5.23%, 7.95%, 10.69%, and 20.92% with the concentrations of juglone (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µmol/L), respectively. After cells were treated with juglone at the different dose for 24 h, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated and the expression of Bax was significantly up-regulated compared with the control. These events paralleled with activation of caspase-9, -8, -3, and PARP cleavage. The results suggest that juglone may be effective for the treatment of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jin Lin Medical College, Ji Lin 132013, P.R. China
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Khodade VS, Dharmaraja AT, Chakrapani H. Synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation and copper-mediated nuclease activity profiles of 2-aryl-3-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3766-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kviecinski M, Pedrosa R, Felipe K, Farias M, Glorieux C, Valenzuela M, Sid B, Benites J, Valderrama J, Verrax J, Buc Calderon P. Inhibition of cell proliferation and migration by oxidative stress from ascorbate-driven juglone redox cycling in human bladder-derived T24 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:268-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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