1
|
Mathew D, Zhou P, Pywell CM, van der Veen DR, Shao J, Xi Y, Bonar NA, Hummel AD, Chapman S, Leevy WM, Duffield GE. Ablation of the ID2 gene results in altered circadian feeding behavior, and sex-specific enhancement of insulin sensitivity and elevated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73064. [PMID: 24023810 PMCID: PMC3759459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) is a helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor rhythmically expressed in many adult tissues. Our earlier studies have demonstrated a role for ID2 in the input pathway, core clock function and output pathways of the mouse circadian system. We have also reported that Id2 null (Id2−/−) mice are lean with low gonadal white adipose tissue deposits and lower lipid content in the liver. These results coincided with altered or disrupted circadian expression profiles of liver genes including those involved in lipid metabolism. In the present phenotypic study we intended to decipher, on a sex-specific basis, the role of ID2 in glucose metabolism and in the circadian regulation of activity, important components of energy balance. We find that Id2−/− mice exhibited altered daily and circadian rhythms of feeding and locomotor activity; activity profiles extended further into the late night/dark phase of the 24-hr cycle, despite mice showing reduced total locomotor activity. Also, male Id2−/− mice consumed a greater amount of food relative to body mass, and displayed less weight gain. Id2−/− females had smaller adipocytes, suggesting sexual-dimorphic programing of adipogenesis. We observed increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in male Id2−/− mice, which was exacerbated in older animals. FDG-PET analysis revealed increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue of male Id2−/− mice, suggesting increased glucose metabolism and thermogenesis in these tissues. Reductions in intramuscular triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol were detected in male Id2−/− mice, highlighting its possible mechanistic role in enhanced insulin sensitivity in these mice. Our findings indicate a role for ID2 as a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and in the circadian control of feeding/locomotor behavior; and contribute to the understanding of the development of obesity and diabetes, particularly in shift work personnel among whom incidence of such metabolic disorders is elevated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mathew
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Cameron M. Pywell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Daan R. van der Veen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jinping Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicolle A. Bonar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alyssa D. Hummel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Chapman
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - W. Matthew Leevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Giles E. Duffield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi SA, Suh HJ, Yun JW, Choi JW. Differential gene expression in pancreatic tissues of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and genetically-diabetic mice in response to hypoglycemic dipeptide cyclo (His-Pro) treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8821-35. [PMID: 22707198 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic studies are mostly interested in gene expression in the pancreas, the site of insulin secretion that regulates blood glucose levels. However, a single gene approach has been ruled out for many years in discovering new genes or the molecular networks involved in the induction process of diabetes. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) affects amelioration of diabetes mellitus, we performed gene expression profiling in the pancreatic tissues of two diabetic animal models, streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (T1DM) and genetically-diabetic (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice (T2DM). To understand the healing process of these diabetic rodents, we examined the effects of CHP on various gene expression in pancreatic tissues of both animal models. Our microarray analysis revealed that a total of 1,175 genes were down-regulated and 629 genes were up-regulated in response to STZ treatment, and the altered expression levels of numerous genes were restored to normal state upon CHP treatment. In particular, 476 genes showed significantly altered gene expression upon CHP treatment. In a functional classification, 7,198 genes were counted as differentially expressed in pancreatic tissues of STZ- and CHP-treated rats compared with control, whereas 1,534 genes were restored to normal states by CHP treatment. Microarray data demonstrated for the first time that overexpression of the genes encoding IL-1 receptor, lipid metabolic enzymes (e.g. Mte1, Ptdss1, and Sult2a1), myo-inositol oxygenase, glucagon, and somatostatin as well as down-regulation of olfactory receptor 984 and mitochondrial ribosomal protein, which are highly linked to T1DM etiology. In genetically-diabetic mice, 4,384 genes were altered in gene expression by more than 2-fold compared to the control mice, when counted differentially expressed. In genetically-diabetic mice, 4,384 genes altered in expression by higher than 2-fold were counted as differentially expressed genes in pancreatic tissues of CHP-treated mice. On the other hand, 2,140 genes were up-regulated and 2,244 genes were down-regulated by CHP treatment. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that up-regulation of IL-2, IL12a, and leptin receptor and down-regulation of PIK3 played important physiological roles in the onset of T2DM. In conclusion, we hypothesize that CHP accelerates alterations of gene expression in ameliorating diabetes and antagonizes those that induces the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Ah Choi
- Department of Bioindustry, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bugger H, Chen D, Riehle C, Soto J, Theobald HA, Hu XX, Ganesan B, Weimer BC, Abel ED. Tissue-specific remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome in type 1 diabetic akita mice. Diabetes 2009; 58:1986-97. [PMID: 19542201 PMCID: PMC2731527 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular basis for mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mitochondrial matrix and membrane fractions were generated from liver, brain, heart, and kidney of wild-type and type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Comparative proteomics was performed using label-free proteome expression analysis. Mitochondrial state 3 respirations and ATP synthesis were measured, and mitochondrial morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy. Expression of genes that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate utilization, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were determined. RESULTS In diabetic mice, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins were less abundant in liver mitochondria, whereas FAO protein content was induced in mitochondria from all other tissues. Kidney mitochondria showed coordinate induction of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, whereas TCA cycle proteins were repressed in cardiac mitochondria. Levels of OXPHOS subunits were coordinately increased in liver mitochondria, whereas mitochondria of other tissues were unaffected. Mitochondrial respiration, ATP synthesis, and morphology were unaffected in liver and kidney mitochondria. In contrast, state 3 respirations, ATP synthesis, and mitochondrial cristae density were decreased in cardiac mitochondria and were accompanied by coordinate repression of OXPHOS and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha transcripts. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes causes tissue-specific remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome. Preservation of mitochondrial function in kidney, brain, and liver, versus mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart, supports a central role for mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Christian Riehle
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jamie Soto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heather A. Theobald
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xiao X. Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Balasubramanian Ganesan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Corresponding author: E. Dale Abel,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiyosawa N, Ando Y, Manabe S, Yamoto T. Toxicogenomic biomarkers for liver toxicity. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:35-52. [PMID: 22271975 PMCID: PMC3246017 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics (TGx) is a widely used technique in the preclinical stage of drug development to investigate the molecular mechanisms of toxicity. A number of candidate TGx biomarkers have now been identified and are utilized for both assessing and predicting toxicities. Further accumulation of novel TGx biomarkers will lead to more efficient, appropriate and cost effective drug risk assessment, reinforcing the paradigm of the conventional toxicology system with a more profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drug-induced toxicity. In this paper, we overview some practical strategies as well as obstacles for identifying and utilizing TGx biomarkers based on microarray analysis. Since clinical hepatotoxicity is one of the major causes of drug development attrition, the liver has been the best documented target organ for TGx studies to date, and we therefore focused on information from liver TGx studies. In this review, we summarize the current resources in the literature in regard to TGx studies of the liver, from which toxicologists could extract potential TGx biomarker gene sets for better hepatotoxicity risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kiyosawa
- Medicinal Safety Research Labs., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 717 Horikoshi, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-0065, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim SW, Hwang HJ, Baek YM, Lee SH, Hwang HS, Yun JW. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis for streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat pancreas in response to fungal polysaccharide treatments. Proteomics 2008; 8:2344-61. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
6
|
Wang T, Shankar K, Ronis MJ, Mehendale HM. Mechanisms and outcomes of drug- and toxicant-induced liver toxicity in diabetes. Crit Rev Toxicol 2007; 37:413-59. [PMID: 17612954 DOI: 10.1080/10408440701215100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increase dincidences of hepatotoxicity have been observed in diabetic patients receiving drug therapies. Neither the mechanisms nor the predisposing factors underlying hepatotoxicity in diabetics are clearly understood. Animal studies designed to examine the mechanisms of diabetes-modulated hepatotoxicity have traditionally focused only on bioactivation/detoxification of drugs and toxicants. It is becoming clear that once injury is initiated, additional events determine the final outcome of liver injury. Foremost among them are two leading mechanisms: first, biochemical mechanisms that lead to progression or regression of injury; and second, whether or not timely and adequate liver tissue repair occurs to mitigate injury and restore liver function. The liver has a remarkable ability to repair and restore its structure and function after physical or chemical-induced damage. The dynamic interaction between biotransformation-based liver injury and compensatory tissue repair plays a pivotal role in determining the ultimate outcome of hepatotoxicity initiated by drugs or toxicants. In this review, mechanisms underlying altered hepatotoxicity in diabetes with emphasis on both altered bioactivation and liver tissue repair are discussed. Animal models of both marked sensitivity (diabetic rats) and equally marked protection (diabetic mice) from drug-induced hepatotoxicity are described. These examples represent a remarkable species difference. Availability of the rodent diabetic models offers a unique opportunity to uncover mechanisms of clinical interest in averting human diabetic sensitivity to drug-induced hepatotoxicities. While the rat diabetic models appear to be suitable, the diabetic mouse models might not be suitable in preclinical testing for potential hepatotoxic effects of drugs or toxicants, because regardless of type 1 or type2 diabetes, mice are resistant to acute drug-or toxicant-induced toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71209, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Devi SS, Philip BK, Warbritton A, Latendresse JR, Mehendale HM. Prior administration of a low dose of thioacetamide protects type 1 diabetic rats from subsequent administration of lethal dose of thioacetamide. Toxicology 2006; 226:107-17. [PMID: 16901604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that an ordinarily non-lethal dose of thioacetamide (TA, 300 mg/kg) causes 90% mortality in type 1 diabetic rats due to inhibited liver tissue repair, whereas 30 mg TA/kg allows 100% survival due to stimulated although delayed tissue repair. Objective of this investigation was to test whether prior administration of a low dose of TA (30 mg/kg) would lead to sustainable stimulation of liver tissue repair in type 1 diabetic rats sufficient to protect from a subsequently administered lethal dose of TA. Therefore, in the present study, the hypothesis that preplacement of tissue repair by a low dose of TA (30 mg TA/kg, ip) can reverse the hepatotoxicant sensitivity (autoprotection) in type 1 diabetic rats was tested. Preliminary studies revealed that a single intraperitoneal (ip) administration of TA causes 90% mortality in diabetic rats with as low as 75 mg/kg. To establish an autoprotection model in diabetic condition, diabetic rats were treated with 30 mg TA/kg (priming dose). Administration of priming dose stimulated tissue repair that peaked at 72h, at which time these rats were treated with a single ip dose of 75 mg TA/kg. Our results show that tissue repair stimulated by the priming dose enabled diabetic rats to overexpress, calpastatin, endogenous inhibitor of calpain, to inhibit calpain-mediated progression of liver injury induced by the subsequent administration of lethal dose, resulting in 100% survival. Further investigation revealed that protection observed in these rats is not due to decreased bioactivation. These studies underscore the importance of stimulation of tissue repair in the final outcome of liver injury (survival/death) after hepatotoxicant challenge. Furthermore, these results also suggest that it is possible to stimulate tissue repair in diabetics to overcome the enhanced sensitivity of hepatotoxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Devi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Ave, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|