1
|
Liang W, Fu L, Feng M, Wang X, Yun Z, Xu J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy Are Involved in Hepatotoxicity Induced by Tributyltin. TOXICS 2023; 11:607. [PMID: 37505572 PMCID: PMC10386594 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a common contaminant in aquatic ecosystems, has severe toxic effects on multiple tissues and organs, especially the liver. Previous toxicogenomic analysis has indicated that the main mechanism of TBT-induced hepatotoxicity is related to the activation of the apoptotic pathway. However, the mechanism of action occurring before the activation of apoptosis is still unclear. Herein, we applied proteomic technology to explore the protein expression profile of TBT-treated HL7702 normal human liver cells. The ultrastructural changes in cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. After low dose (2 μΜ) TBT treatment, activation of the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress were observed; the expression levels of PERK, ATF6, BiP, and CHOP were significantly elevated, and splicing of XBP1 mRNA was initiated. When the TBT concentration increased to 4 μΜ, the protein levels of Beclin1, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, and Atg12-Atg5 were significantly elevated, and the protein level of LC3Ⅰ decreased while that of LC3Ⅱ increased, suggesting the activation of autophagy. As the TBT concentration continued to increase, autophagy could not eliminate the damage, and apoptosis eventually occurred. These results indicate novel pathways of hepatotoxicity induced by TBT and provide insights for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Liang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lingling Fu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mei Feng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhaohui Yun
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakr S, A Rashad W, Abaza MT. The ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera oil on tributyltin-induced brain toxicity in albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2025-2039. [PMID: 34227745 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound widely used as a biocide in antifouling paints. Moringa oleifera oil (MOO) has a promising antioxidant potential, which necessitates further exploration. This study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effect of MOO against TBT-induced brain toxicity. The 30 rats were grouped into five groups (six each), Group I negative control, Group II positive control (vehicle), Group III MOO (5 ml/kg body weight [b.wt.]), Group IV TBT (10 mg/kg b.wt.), and Group V TBT & MOO. All treatments were given orally for 28 days. Thereafter, brains were exposed to oxidative stress and neurological parameters analyses. Histopathological and immunohistochemical (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) examinations were also carried out. In rats administered TBT, increased malondialdehyde level, decreased reduced glutathione, and low total antioxidant capacity levels were in support of oxidative stress mechanism. Neurotoxicity was indicated by high nitric oxide level and increased acetylcholinestrase activity. Along with the histopathological alterations, the dysregulated expression of caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were indicative of the apoptotic mechanism mediated by TBT. Co-administration of MOO with TBT ameliorated the aforementioned toxic effects. In conclusion, TBT causes brain toxicity via oxidative, nitrosative, and apoptotic mechanisms. MOO demonstrates protective effect against TBT-induced brain toxicity mostly via potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sakr
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Rashad
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa T Abaza
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Chow-Shi-Yée M, Grondin M, Ouellet F, Averill-Bates DA. Control of stress-induced apoptosis by freezing tolerance-associated wheat proteins during cryopreservation of rat hepatocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:869-886. [PMID: 32529603 PMCID: PMC7591654 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is used for long-term storage of cells and tissues. Cryoprotectants such as dimethyl disulfoxide (DMSO) are used to protect cells against freeze-thaw damage. Despite the use of cryoprotectants, hepatocytes are sensitive to stresses imposed by freeze and thaw processes, which cause physical damage, loss of functionality, or cell death. As an alternative, we have developed new technology using several recombinant wheat proteins as cryoprotectants: TaENO (enolase), TaBAS1 (2-Cys peroxiredoxin), and a combination of WCS120 (dehydrin) with TaIRI-2 (inhibitor of ice recrystallization). This study aims to understand the mechanisms by which these plant proteins protect rat hepatocytes against cell death incurred during cryopreservation. Our analysis revealed that for cells cryopreserved with DMSO, cell death occurred by apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis was detected by activation of effector caspases-3 and -7, PARP cleavage, and nuclear chromatin condensation. These apoptotic events were inhibited when hepatocytes were cryopreserved with the different plant proteins. Cryopreservation with DMSO activated apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway: the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio increased, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, and initiator caspase-9 was activated. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum pathway of apoptosis was activated: levels of the chaperone Bip/GRP78 decreased, pro-apoptotic transcription factor CHOP was induced, and initiator caspase-12 was activated. Activation of the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathways of apoptosis was attenuated when hepatocytes were cryopreserved with the different recombinant proteins. This study improves understanding of mechanisms of cryoprotection provided by these plant proteins during freezing stress. These proteins are natural products and show promising potential by decreasing cell death during cryopreservation of hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chow-Shi-Yée
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Melanie Grondin
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Francois Ouellet
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Diana A Averill-Bates
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stossi F, Dandekar RD, Johnson H, Lavere P, Foulds CE, Mancini MG, Mancini MA. Tributyltin chloride (TBT) induces RXRA down-regulation and lipid accumulation in human liver cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224405. [PMID: 31710612 PMCID: PMC6844554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of environmental chemicals acts as "obesogens" as they increase adipose mass and lipid content in livers of treated rodents. One of the most studied class of obesogens are the tin-containing chemicals that have as a central moiety tributyltin (TBT), which bind and activate two nuclear hormone receptors, Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) and Retinoid X Receptor Alpha (RXRA), at nanomolar concentrations. Here, we have tested whether TBT chloride at such concentrations may affect the neutral lipid level in two cell line models of human liver. Indeed, using high content image analysis (HCA), TBT significantly increased neutral lipid content in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Consistent with the observed increased lipid accumulation, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) and RT-qPCR experiments revealed that TBT enhanced the steady-state mRNA levels of two key genes for de novo lipogenesis, the transcription factor SREBF1 and its downstream enzymatic target, FASN. Importantly, pre-treatment of cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose reduced TBT-mediated lipid accumulation, thereby suggesting a role for active glycolysis during the process of lipid accumulation. As other RXRA binding ligands can promote RXRA protein turnover via the 26S proteasome, TBT was tested for such an effect in the two liver cell lines. We found that TBT, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, significantly reduced steady-state RXRA levels in a proteasome-dependent manner. While TBT promotes both RXRA protein turnover and lipid accumulation, we found no correlation between these two events at the single cell level, thereby suggesting an additional mechanism may be involved in TBT promotion of lipid accumulation, such as glycolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Radhika D. Dandekar
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Philip Lavere
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Foulds
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Maureen G. Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cytotoxic effect, antitumour activity and toxicity of organotin derivatives with ortho- or para-hydroxy-benzoic acids. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Marques VB, Faria RA, Dos Santos L. Overview of the Pathophysiological Implications of Organotins on the Endocrine System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:101. [PMID: 29615977 PMCID: PMC5864858 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotins (OTs) are pollutants that are used widely by industry as disinfectants, pesticides, and most frequently as biocides in antifouling paints. This mini-review presents the main evidences from the literature about morphophysiological changes induced by OTs in the mammal endocrine system, focusing on the metabolism and reproductive control. Similar to other toxic compounds, the main effects with potential health risks to humans and experimental animals are not only related to dose and time of exposure but also to age, gender, and tissue/cell exposed. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, current literature indicates that OTs can directly damage endocrine glands, as well as interfere with neurohormonal control of endocrine function (i.e., in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis), altering hormone synthesis and/or bioavailability or activity of hormone receptors in the target cells. Importantly, OTs induces biochemical and morphological changes in gonads, abnormal steroidogenesis, both associated with reproductive dysfunctions such as irregular estrous cyclicity in female or spermatogenic disorders in male animals. Additionally, due to their role on endocrine systems predisposing to obesity, OTs are also included in the metabolism disrupting chemical hypothesis, either by central (e.g., accurate nucleus and lateral hypothalamus) or peripheral (e.g., adipose tissue) mechanisms. Thus, OTs should be indeed considered a major endocrine disruptor, being indispensable to understand the main toxic effects on the different tissues and its causative role for endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive dysfunctions observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Bermond Marques
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
- Pitagoras College, Guarapari, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alves Faria
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Dos Santos,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen L, Lou Z, Zhang G, Xu G, Zhang G. Diterpenoid Tanshinones, the extract from Danshen (Radix Salviae
Miltiorrhizae) induced apoptosis in nine human cancer cell lines. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017; 36:514-21. [PMID: 28459519 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the active anti-tumor constituents
in the extract from Danshen (Radix Salviae
Miltiorrhizae) and investigate the mechanisms underlying
the actions. METHODS First, we introduced a two-step counter-
current chromatography to extract the therapeutically
active diterpenoid, tanshinone from
Danshen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae). The cholecystokinin
(CCK-8) method was used to evaluate
the inhibitory effect of diterpenoid tanshinone in
liver cancer QGY-7703, lung cancer PC9, lung cancer
A549, gastric cancer MKN-45, gastric cancer
HGC-27, colon cancer HCT116, myeloma cellU266/
RPMI8226, and human breast cancer MCF-7 in vitro.
Fluorescence staining was used to observe
the cytotoxicity ofditerpenoid tanshinone on PC9
cells. The Western blot was used to detect apoptosis-
related protein poly ADP-ribose polymerase
(PARP), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase3/9
(caspase3/9), and cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate specific
proteinase3/9 (cleaved-caspase3/9). The endoplasmic
reticulum stress-related activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), phosphorylated eukaryotic
initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), and phosphorylated
jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and caspase-
12 were also analyzed using the Western
blot. RESULTS Diterpenoid tanshinone inhibited the
nine human tumor cell lines, with an IC50 of
4.37-29 μg/mL, with the PC9 and MCF-7 displaying
the lowest values. Fluorescence staining showed a
lethal effect of diterpenoid tanshinone on PC9
cells. The Western blot showed that the expression
of caspase3/9 protein and ATF-4 protein decreased
gradually. However, the PARP, cleaved-caspase 3/9
and the expression of p-eIF2 α, P-JNK, and caspase-
12 increased gradually, in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSION We successfully introduced a
two-step counter-current chromatography method
to extract diterpenoid tanshinone, and demonstrated
its antitumor activity. Diterpenoid tanshinone
can induce apoptosis in nine human cancer cell lines.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tu WW, Ji LD, Qian HX, Zhou M, Zhao JS, Xu J. Tributyltin induces disruption of microfilament in HL7702 cells via MAPK-mediated hyperphosphorylation of VASP. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1530-1538. [PMID: 26018654 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) has been widely used for various industrial purposes, and it has toxic effects on multiple organs and tissues. Previous studies have found that TBT could induce cytoskeletal disruption, especially of the actin filaments. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TBT could induce microfilament disruption using HL7702 cells and then to assess for the total levels of various microfilament-associated proteins; finally, the involvement of the MAPK pathway was investigated. The results showed that after TBT treatment, F-actin began to depolymerize and lost its characteristic filamentous structure. The protein levels of Ezrin and Cofilin remained unchanged, the actin-related protein (ARP) 2/3 levels decreased slightly, and the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) decreased dramatically. However, the phosphorylation levels of VASP increased 2.5-fold, and the ratio of phosphorylated-VASP/unphosphorylated-VASP increased 31-fold. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and JNK were discovered to be activated. Inhibition of ERK and JNK not only largely diminished the TBT-induced hyperphosphorylation of VASP but also recovered the cellular morphology and rescued the cells from death. In summary, this study demonstrates that TBT-induced disruption of actin filaments is caused by the hyperphosphorylation of VASP through MAPK pathways. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1530-1538, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Tu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lin-Dan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hai-Xia Qian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin-Shun Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou M, Feng M, Fu LL, Ji LD, Zhao JS, Xu J. Toxicogenomic analysis identifies the apoptotic pathway as the main cause of hepatotoxicity induced by tributyltin. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:316-326. [PMID: 27678064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is one of the most widely used organotin biocides, which has severe endocrine-disrupting effects on marine species and mammals. Given that TBT accumulates at higher levels in the liver than in any other organ, and it acts mainly as a hepatotoxic agent, it is important to clearly delineate the hepatotoxicity of TBT. However, most of the available studies on TBT have focused on observations at the cellular level, while studies at the level of genes and proteins are limited; therefore, the molecular mechanisms of TBT-induced hepatotoxicity remains largely unclear. In the present study, we applied a toxicogenomic approach to investigate the effects of TBT on gene expression in the human normal liver cell line HL7702. Gene expression profiling identified the apoptotic pathway as the major cause of hepatotoxicity induced by TBT. Flow cytometry assays confirmed that medium- and high-dose TBT treatments significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells, and more cells underwent late apoptosis in the high-dose TBT group. The genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), kinases and tumor necrosis factor receptors mediated TBT-induced apoptosis. These findings revealed novel molecular mechanisms of TBT-induced hepatotoxicity, and the current microarray data may also provide clues for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Fu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin-Dan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin-Shun Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fan WY, Sui YL, Fan TJ. Proparacaine induces cytotoxicity and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in corneal stromal cells both in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1434-1444. [PMID: 30090447 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proparacaine (PPC) is a widely used topical anaesthetic in the eye clinic; its abuse may damage the cornea and result in impairment of vision. Although PPC has been reported to be cytotoxic to human keratocytes, there is no scientific report about its toxic mechanisms in human corneal stroma. Here, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of PPC to corneal stroma in an in vitro model of human corneal stromal (HCS) cells and an in vivo model of cat corneas. To postulate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in PPC toxicity, changes in the hallmarks of apoptosis as well as in pro-apoptotic signaling pathways were investigated. Our results showed that PPC at concentrations varying from 5.0 to 0.15625 g L-1 induced dose- and time-dependent cell atrophy, vacuolation, cytopathic effects, and viability decline in vitro. Moreover, PPC induced G1 phase arrest, plasma membrane permeability elevation, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation of HCS cells. Furthermore, PPC could induce caspase-2, -3 and -9 activation, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption. Expression of Bcl-xL and Bax were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, and cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor were upregulated remarkably after PPC treatment. The cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic effects of PPC were also proven by induced corneal edema, apoptotic-like ultrastructural alterations and DNA fragmentation of keratocytes in cat corneas in vivo. These results suggest that PPC above 1/32 of its clinical dosage has remarkable cytotoxicity to corneal stromal cells, which is achieved by inducing death receptor-mediated mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of HCS cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yi Fan
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering , College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China . ; Tel: +86 (0) 532 82031637
| | - Yun Long Sui
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering , College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China . ; Tel: +86 (0) 532 82031637
| | - Ting Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering , College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , China . ; Tel: +86 (0) 532 82031637
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Coutinho JVS, Freitas-Lima LC, Freitas FFCT, Freitas FPS, Podratz PL, Magnago RPL, Porto ML, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Brandão PAA, Carneiro MTWD, Paiva-Melo FD, Miranda-Alves L, Silva IV, Gava AL, Graceli JB. Tributyltin chloride induces renal dysfunction by inflammation and oxidative stress in female rats. Toxicol Lett 2016; 260:52-69. [PMID: 27521499 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an organometallic pollutant that is used as a biocide in antifouling paints. TBT induces several toxic and endocrine-disrupting effects. However, studies evaluating the effects of TBT on renal function are rare. This study demonstrates that TBT exposure is responsible for improper renal function as well as the development of abnormal morphophysiology in mammalian kidneys. Female rats were treated with TBT, and their renal morphophysiology was assessed. Morphophysiological abnormalities such as decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased proteinuria levels were observed in TBT rats. In addition, increases in inflammation, collagen deposition and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression were observed in TBT kidneys. A disrupted cellular redox balance and apoptosis in kidney tissue were also observed in TBT rats. TBT rats demonstrated reduced serum estrogen levels and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) protein expression in renal cortex. Together, these data provide in vivo evidence that TBT is toxic to normal renal function and that these effects may be associated with renal histopathology complications, such as inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João V S Coutinho
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávia P S Freitas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcella L Porto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisca D Paiva-Melo
- Experimental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ian V Silva
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Agata L Gava
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tributyltin induces mitochondrial fission through Mfn1 degradation in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:257-263. [PMID: 27133438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT), are well-known endocrine disruptors. TBT is also known to cause various forms of cytotoxicity, including neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. However, TBT toxicity has not been identified in normal stem cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of TBT on cell growth in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found that exposure to nanomolar concentrations of TBT decreased intracellular ATP levels and inhibited cell viability in iPSCs. Because TBT suppressed energy production, which is a critical function of the mitochondria, we further assessed the effects of TBT on mitochondrial dynamics. Staining with MitoTracker revealed that nanomolar concentrations of TBT induced mitochondrial fragmentation. TBT also reduced the expression of mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), and this effect was abolished by knockdown of the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated RING-CH 5 (MARCH5), suggesting that nanomolar concentrations of TBT could induce mitochondrial dysfunction via MARCH5-mediated Mfn1 degradation in iPSCs. Thus, mitochondrial function in normal stem cells could be used to assess cytotoxicity associated with metal exposure.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ribeiro Júnior RF, Marques VB, Nunes DO, Ronconi KDS, de Araújo JFP, Rodrigues PL, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV, Graceli JB, Stefanon I. Tributyltin chloride increases phenylephrine-induced contraction and vascular stiffness in mesenteric resistance arteries from female rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 295:26-36. [PMID: 26873547 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an organotin compound that reduces estrogen levels in female rats. We aimed to investigate the effects of TBT exposure on vascular tonus and vascular remodelling in the resistance arteries of female rats. Rats were treated daily with TBT (500 ng/kg) for 15 days. TBT did not change arterial blood pressure but did modify some morpho-physiological parameters of third-order mesenteric resistance arteries in the following ways: (1) decreased lumen and external diameters; (2) increased wall/lm ratio and wall thickness; (3) decreased distensibility and increased stiffness; (4) increased collagen deposition; and (5) increased pulse wave velocity. TBT exposure increased the phenylephrine-induced contractile response in mesenteric resistance arteries. However, vasodilatation responses induced by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were not modified by TBT. It is suggested that TBT exposure reduces vascular nitric oxide (NO) production, because:(1) L-NAME incubation did not cause a leftward shift in the concentration-response curve for phenylephrine; (2) both eNOS protein expression; (3) in situ NO production were reduced. Incubation with L-NAME; and (4) SOD shifted the phenylephrine response curve to the left in TBT rats. Tiron, catalase, ML-171 and VAS2870 decreased vascular reactivity to phenylephrine only in TBT rats. Moreover, increased superoxide anion production was observed in the mesenteric resistance arteries of TBT rats accompanied by an increase in gp91phox, catalase, AT1 receptor and total ERK1/2 protein expression. In conclusion, these findings show that TBT induced alterations are most likely due to a reduction of NO production combined with increased O2(-) production derived from NADPH oxidase and ERK1/2 activation. These findings offer further evidence that TBT is an environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dieli Oliveira Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Lopes Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang X, Zhang X, Qi Y, Huang D, Zhang Y. 2,4-dichlorophenol induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis via eIF2α dephosphorylation in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:245-255. [PMID: 25160872 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) has been widely used to produce herbicides and pharmaceutical intermediates, which exhibits various toxic effects including apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying 2,4-DCP-induced apoptosis, especially mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are still unknown. In the present study, the mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used as an in vitro model system to figure out whether 2,4-DCP could induce ER stress, and further to elucidate the role of ER stress in 2,4-DCP-induced apoptosis. The results showed that 2,4-DCP dramatically caused the decrease of cell viability, the increase of apoptotic cells, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the activation of caspase-3, suggesting that 2,4-DCP did induce apoptosis. Meanwhile, 2,4-DCP acted similarly as ER stress agonist tunicamycin (Tu) to activate all three branches (IRE1α, ATF6 and eIF2α) of ER stress. Furthermore, repression of ER stress or inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation significantly alleviated 2,4-DCP-induced apoptosis. Taking these results together, the present study firstly showed that 2,4-DCP induced ER stress-mediated apoptosis via eIF2α dephosphorylation in mammalian cells. These findings will provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying apoptosis after chlorophenols exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dejun Huang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang J, Sun P, Kong T, Yang F, Guan W. Tributyltin promoted hepatic steatosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the molecular pathogenesis involved. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:208-215. [PMID: 26674369 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptor effects of tributyltin (TBT) are well established in fish. However, the adverse effects on lipid metabolism are less well understood. Since the liver is the predominant site of de novo synthesis of lipids, the present study uses zebrafish (Danio rerio) to examine lipid accumulation in the livers and hepatic gene expression associated with lipid metabolism pathways. After exposure for 90 days, we found that the livers in fish exposed to TBT were yellowish in appearance and with accumulation of lipid droplet, which is consistent with the specific pathological features of steatosis. Molecular analysis revealed that TBT induced hepatic steatosis by increasing the gene expression associated with lipid transport, lipid storage, lipiogenic enzymes and lipiogenic factors in the livers. Moreover, TBT enhanced hepatic caspase-3 activity and up-regulated genes related to apoptosis and cell-death, which indicated steatotic livers of fish exposed to TBT and the subsequent liver damage were likely due to accelerated hepatocyte apoptosis or cell stress. In short, TBT can produce multiple and complex alterations in transcriptional activity of lipid metabolism and cell damage, which provides potential molecular evidence of TBT on hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhang
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China.
| | - Ping Sun
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Tao Kong
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Wenchao Guan
- Henan Open Laboratory of key subjects of Environmental and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Podratz PL, Merlo E, Sena GC, Morozesk M, Bonomo MM, Matsumoto ST, da Costa MB, Zamprogno GC, Brandão PA, Carneiro MT, Miguel EDC, Miranda-Alves L, Silva IV, Graceli JB. Accumulation of organotins in seafood leads to reproductive tract abnormalities in female rats. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 57:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Bertuloso BD, Podratz PL, Merlo E, de Araújo JFP, Lima LCF, de Miguel EC, de Souza LN, Gava AL, de Oliveira M, Miranda-Alves L, Carneiro MTWD, Nogueira CR, Graceli JB. Tributyltin chloride leads to adiposity and impairs metabolic functions in the rat liver and pancreas. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:45-59. [PMID: 25819109 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an environmental contaminant used in antifouling paints of boats. Endocrine disruptor effects of TBT are well established in animal models. However, the adverse effects on metabolism are less well understood. The toxicity of TBT in the white adipose tissue (WAT), liver and pancreas of female rats were assessed. Animals were divided into control and TBT (0.1 μg/kg/day) groups. TBT induced an increase in the body weight of the rats by the 15th day of oral exposure. The weight gain was associated with high parametrial (PR) and retroperitoneal (RP) WAT weights. TBT-treatment increased the adiposity, inflammation and expression of ERα and PPARγ proteins in both RP and PR WAT. In 3T3-L1 cells, estrogen treatment reduced lipid droplets accumulation, however increased the ERα protein expression. In contrast, TBT-treatment increased the lipid accumulation and reduced the ERα expression. WAT metabolic changes led to hepatic inflammation, lipid accumulation, increase of PPARγ and reduction of ERα protein expression. Accordingly, there were increases in the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity tests with increases in the number of pancreatic islets and insulin levels. These findings suggest that TBT leads to adiposity in WAT specifically, impairing the metabolic functions of the liver and pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D Bertuloso
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro C F Lima
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emilio C de Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Agata L Gava
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Celia R Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, University of São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Wang S, Luo X, Yang Y, Jian F, Wang X, Xie L. The roles of DNA damage-dependent signals and MAPK cascades in tributyltin-induced germline apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:231-238. [PMID: 24534158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The induction of apoptosis is recognized to be a major mechanism of tributyltin (TBT) toxicity. However, the underlying signaling pathways for TBT-induced apoptosis remain unclear. In this study, using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we examined whether DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are involved in TBT-induced germline apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Our results demonstrated that exposing worms to TBT at the dose of 10nM for 6h significantly increased germline apoptosis in N2 strain. Germline apoptosis was absent in strains that carried ced-3 or ced-4 loss-of-function alleles, indicating that both caspase protein CED-3 and Apaf-1 protein CED-4 were required for TBT-induced apoptosis. TBT-induced apoptosis was blocked in the Bcl-2 gain-of-function strain ced-9(n1950), whereas TBT induced a minor increase in the BH3-only protein EGL-1 mutated strain egl-1(n1084n3082). Checkpoint proteins HUS-1 and CLK-2 exerted proapoptotic effects, and the null mutation of cep-1, the homologue of tumor suppressor gene p53, significantly inhibited TBT-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis in the loss-of-function strains of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were completely or mildly suppressed under TBT stress. These results were supported by the results of mRNA expression levels of corresponding genes. The present study indicated that TBT-induced apoptosis required the core apoptotic machinery, and that DDR genes and MAPK pathways played essential roles in signaling the processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232001, PR China.
| | - Shunchang Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232001, PR China
| | - Xun Luo
- Department of Life Sciences, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232001, PR China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232001, PR China
| | - Fenglei Jian
- Department of Life Sciences, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232001, PR China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232001, PR China
| | - Lucheng Xie
- Department of Life Sciences, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Guo Z, Xu L. Tributyltin induces a G2/M cell cycle arrest in human amniotic cells via PP2A inhibition-mediated inactivation of the ERK1/2 cascades. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:812-818. [PMID: 24632106 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the cell cycle alterations induced by tributyltin (TBT), a highly toxic environmental contaminant, remain elusive. In this study, cell cycle progression and some key regulators in G2/M phase were investigated in human amniotic cells treated with TBT. Furthermore, protein phosphatase (PP) 2A and the ERK cascades were examined. The results showed that TBT caused a G2/M cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by a decrease in the total cdc25C protein level and an increase in the p-cdc2 level in the nucleus. TBT caused a decrease in PP2A activity and inhibited the ERK cascade by inactivating Raf-1, resulting in the dephosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and c-Myc. Taken together, TBT leads to a G2/M cell cycle arrest in FL cells, an increase in p-cdc2 and a decrease in the levels of total cdc25C protein, which may be caused by the PP2A inhibition-mediated inactivation of the ERK1/2 cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qi Xiu Rode, 226001 Nantong, China; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zonglou Guo
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lihong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The effect of tributyltin chloride on Caenorhabditis elegans germline is mediated by a conserved DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:413-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Sharma N, Kumar A. Mechanism of immunotoxicological effects of tributyltin chloride on murine thymocytes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:101-12. [PMID: 24573671 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Chen Y, Sun L, Liang J, Guo Z, Xu L. Protein phosphatases 2A as well as reactive oxygen species involved in tributyltin-induced apoptosis in mouse livers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:234-242. [PMID: 22223438 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a highly toxic environmental contaminant, has been shown to induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human amniotic cells through protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition and consequent JNK activation. This in vivo study was undertaken to further verify the results derived from our previous in vitro study. Mice were orally dosed with 0, 10, 20, and 60 mg/kg of body weight TBT, and levels of PP2A, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were detected in the mouse livers. Apoptosis was also evaluated using the TUNEL assay. The results showed that PP2A activity was inhibited, ROS levels were elevated, and MAPKs including ERK, JNK, and p38 were activated in mouse livers treated with the highest dose of TBT. Additionally, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased, caspase-3 was activated, and apoptosis in mouse livers could be detected in the highest dose group. Therefore, a possible signaling pathway in TBT-induced apoptosis in mouse livers involves PP2A inhibition and ROS elevation serving a pivotal function as upstream activators of MAPKs; activation of MAPKs in turn leads to an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, ultimately leading to the activation of caspase-3. The results give a comprehensive and novel description of the mechanism of TBT-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of medicine, Zhejiang University, 866th Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mitra S, Gera R, Singh V, Khandelwal S. Comparative toxicity of low dose tributyltin chloride on serum, liver, lung and kidney following subchronic exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 64:335-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
25
|
Yamada S, Kotake Y, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated glucose transport as a novel target of tributyltin in human embryonic carcinoma cells. Metallomics 2013; 5:484-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Katika MR, Hendriksen PJ, de Ruijter NC, van Loveren H, Peijnenburg A. Immunocytological and biochemical analysis of the mode of action of bis (tri-n-butyltin) tri-oxide (TBTO) in Jurkat cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 212:126-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
27
|
Gayoso MJ. MRT letter: A fast and easy method for general fluorescent staining of cultured cells on transparent or opaque supports. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:849-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
28
|
van Kol SWM, Hendriksen PJM, van Loveren H, Peijnenburg A. Transcriptomics analysis of primary mouse thymocytes exposed to bis(tri-n-butyltin)dioxide (TBTO). Toxicology 2012; 296:37-47. [PMID: 22434021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The biocide bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) causes thymus atrophy in rodents and is toxic to many cell types of which thymocytes are the most sensitive. To obtain insight in the mechanisms of action of TBTO, we exposed primary mouse thymocytes in vitro for 3, 6 and 11 h to 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 μM TBTO. Subsequently, the cells were subjected to whole-genome gene expression profiling. Biological interpretation of the gene expression data revealed that TBTO affects a wide range of processes. Cell proliferation related genes were downregulated by all treatments except for 3 and 6 h 0.5 μM TBTO which upregulated these genes. Treatment with TBTO resulted in upregulation of genes involved in endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress, NFkB and TNFα pathways, and genes involved in DNA damage, p53 signaling and apoptosis. Remarkably, TBTO also increased the expression of genes that are known to be upregulated during T cell activation or during negative selection of thymocytes. The effect of TBTO on expression of genes involved in ER stress and apoptosis was confirmed by qPCR. Induction of the T cell activation response was corroborated by demonstrating that TBTO exposure resulted in translocation of NFAT to the nucleus, which is an essential event for T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra W M van Kol
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Akiyama K, Iwaki T, Sugimoto N, Chardwiriyapreecha S, Kawano M, Nishimoto S, Sugahara T, Sekito T, Kakinuma Y. Bfr1p is responsible for tributyltin resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:117-20. [PMID: 21297349 DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter plays an important role for resistance against xenobiotics. There are eleven ABC transporter genes in the genome of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We examined the role of ABC transporter against the toxicity of tributyltin chloride (TBT), a widespread environmental pollutant, in cell growth. Among individual ABC transporter mutants, the growth of a mutant deficient in Bfr1p, a plasma membrane-embedded transporter, was extremely sensitive to TBT. The lethal TBT concentration inducing 50% of cell death (LC(50)) was 25 µM for the parent strain and 10.2 µM for the bfr1∆ mutant. Thus, Bfr1p was responsible for TBT resistance in S. pombe.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chahomchuen T, Akiyama K, Sekito T, Sugimoto N, Okabe M, Nishimoto S, Sugahara T, Kakinuma Y. Tributyltin induces Yca1p-dependent cell death of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 34:541-5. [PMID: 19797862 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin chloride (TBT), an environmental pollutant, is toxic to a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Although it has been reported that TBT induces apoptotic cell death in mammalian, the action of TBT on eukaryotic microorganisms has not yet been fully investigated. In this study we examined the mechanism involved in cell death caused by TBT exposure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The median lethal concentration of TBT was 10 microM for the parent strain BY4741 and 3 microM for the pdr5Delta mutant defective in a major multidrug transporter, respectively. Fluorescence microscopic observations revealed nuclear condensation and chromatin fragmentation in cells treated with TBT indicating that cells underwent an apoptosis-like cell dearth. TBT-induced cell death was suppressed by deletion of the yca1 gene encoding a homologue of the mammalian caspase. In parallel, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced by TBT. These results suggest that TBT induces apoptosis-like cell death in yeast via an Yca1p-dependent pathway possibly downstream of the ROS production. This is the first report on TBT-induced apoptotic cell death in yeast.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun LN, Zhou JY. Contribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress to hepatocyte apoptosis in alcoholic liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:70-74. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress represents a subcellular pathological state caused by a disorder of physiological function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is not only a self-protective mechanism of the body, but also an important factor to promote cell apoptosis. In alcoholic liver disease, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by several factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia can lead to hepatocyte apoptosis. In this article, we will review the contribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress to hepatocyte apoptosis in alcoholic liver disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Roy J, Pallepati P, Bettaieb A, Tanel A, Averill-Bates DA. Acrolein induces a cellular stress response and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis in A549 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:154-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
33
|
Han XH, Chen JM, Zhang L, Wang M, Wang L, Zheng PY, Ji G. Effects of Qinggan Huoxue formula on gene expression during endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:1279-1285. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i13.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the role of Qinggan Huoxue (QGHX) formula and its decomposed formulas in inhibition of GRP78/Bip, GRP94 and caspase-12 activation during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury.
METHODS: A rat model with ethanol-induced liver injury was successfully developed by gastric gavage of a mixture of ethanol and corn oil for 10 wk. Then, fifty rats were further divided into five condition- and weight-matched groups (n = 10): control, model, QGHX, QG, and HX group. Rats in model and treatment groups were given this ethanol mixture every morning, and subsequently administrated with normal saline, QGHX [9.5 g/(kg•d)], QG [3 g/(kg•d)], or HX [6.5 g/(kg•d)] every afternoon. Rats in control group were given the same volume of normal saline. Two weeks after treatment, blood samples were immediately collected from abdominal aorta, then all rats were killed and livers were excised. Hepatocyte apoptosis was detected using DNA agarose gel and flow cytometry. The expressions of GRP78/Bip, GRP94, and caspase-12 mRNA and proteins in liver were detected using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.
RESULTS: Compared with control rats, the model rats showed higher serum levels of ALT and AST (138.3 ± 43.3 U/L vs 33.9 ± 9.8 U/L, 257.4 ± 162.3 U/L vs 119.6 ± 28.6 U/L, both P < 0.01), elevated percentages of early and total apoptosis (29% and 26%, both P < 0.01), and activated expression of GRP78/Bip, GRP94, caspase-12 mRNA and protein (P < 0.01). QGHX formula and its decomposed formulas treatment for 2 wk obviously lowered the levels of serum ALT and AST, remarkably inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis (the percentages of early and total apoptosis were reduced by 8% and 6%, respectively). Additionally, the expressions of GRP78/Bip, GRP94, caspase-12 mRNA and proteins in liver were significantly decreased in QGHX and QG group than those in model group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). However, the expressions of these genes showed no significant difference between HX and model group.
CONCLUSION: It is proposed that QGHX and QG formula prevent hepatocyte apoptosis in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury by blocking an ER-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as GRP78/Bip, GRP94, caspase-12 activation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Accelerator analysis of tributyltin adsorbed onto the surface of a tributyltin resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. cell. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 9:1989-2002. [PMID: 19325731 PMCID: PMC2635608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) released into seawater from ship hulls is a stable marine pollutant and obviously remains in marine environments. We isolated a TBT resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. TBT1 from sediment of a ship's ballast water. The isolate (10(9.3 +/- 0.2) colony-forming units mL(-1)) adsorbed TBT in proportion to the concentrations of TBTCl externally added up to 3 mM, where the number of TBT adsorbed by a single cell was estimated to be 10(8.2). The value was reduced to about one-fifth when the lysozyme-treated cells were used. The surface of ethanol treated cells became rough, but the capacity of TBT adsorption was the same as that for native cells. These results indicate that the function of the cell surface, rather than that structure, plays an important role to the adsorption of TBT. The adsorption state of TBT seems to be multi-layer when the number of more than 10(6.8) TBT molecules is adsorbed by a single cell.
Collapse
|
35
|
Inageda K, Matsuoka M. Induction of GADD153 expression by tributyltin in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 27:158-160. [PMID: 21783934 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the expression of growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), also called C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), were examined in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. In response to TBT exposure, the levels of both GADD153 mRNA and GADD153 protein increased significantly. This effect was preceded by phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). Treatment with the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, markedly suppressed TBT-induced GADD153 expression. TBT may induce the expression of GADD153, a gene highly responsive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in a manner at least partially dependent upon the JNK pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Inageda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Falcioni ML, Pellei M, Gabbianelli R. Interaction of tributyltin(IV) chloride and a related complex [Bu3Sn(LSM)] with rat leukocytes and erythrocytes: Effect on DNA and on plasma membrane. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 653:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|