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Scholten B, van der Sanden K, Kelly B, Henzing B, Pronk A, Blom WM, Klous L, Kingma BRM. Integrated assessment of simultaneous threshold exceedance of heat, air pollution and airborne allergenic pollen across Europe. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 192:109010. [PMID: 39312838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is expected to elevate exposure to several environmental health risk factors, including extreme environmental temperatures, air pollution and airborne allergenic pollen. Given their interconnected effects on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, it is crucial to evaluate these exposures simultaneously. Yet, comprehensive efforts to do so remain limited. This research aims to develop an approach using modelled data, in conjunction with health-based threshold values, to assess whether, where and when there is simultaneous threshold exceedance of heat, air pollution and airborne allergenic pollen in Europe. METHODS Hourly exposure data for the three stressors were sourced from three models (air pollution: LOTOS-EUROS, pollen: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, meteorological conditions: ECMWF) for 2021 and 2022. Thresholds for each stressor that indicate the boundary of acceptable limits were based on officially established tresholds or literature recommendations. The result is a 0.1°x0.1° resolution grid (approximately 10 km x 10 km) for each stressor, with each cell representing whether exposure met or exceeded the threshold. FINDINGS Simultaneous threshold exceedance of air pollution and heat is occurring in various degrees throughout Europe. In the summer of 2022, the exceedances ranged from below 1% in large parts of Northern Europe to as much as 25% of the time in the Mediterranean area. An assessment of monthly threshold exceedance patterns shows a dynamic and changing co-exposure pattern across the year, which differs per region. INTERPRETATION This work lays out a robust approach to assess simultaneous threshold exceedances of multiple environmental health risk stressors. This approach can guide policy makers in pinpointing high-risk areas particularly vulnerable to simultaneous threshold exceedances, and develop mitigation strategies for those areas. FUNDING Internal funding from TNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Scholten
- Research Group Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Koen van der Sanden
- Department of Human Performance, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Unit Defence Safety and Security, Soesterberg, the Netherlands
| | - Blaise Kelly
- Department of Air Quality and Emissions Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Henzing
- Department of Air Quality and Emissions Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Research Group Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W Marty Blom
- Research Group Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Klous
- Department of Human Performance, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Unit Defence Safety and Security, Soesterberg, the Netherlands
| | - Boris R M Kingma
- Department of Human Performance, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Unit Defence Safety and Security, Soesterberg, the Netherlands
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Zhang S, Breitner S, Stafoggia M, Donato FD, Samoli E, Zafeiratou S, Katsouyanni K, Rao S, Diz-Lois Palomares A, Gasparrini A, Masselot P, Nikolaou N, Aunan K, Peters A, Schneider A. Effect modification of air pollution on the association between heat and mortality in five European countries. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120023. [PMID: 39293751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that air pollution modifies the association between heat and mortality. However, most studies have been conducted in cities without rural data. This time-series study examined potential effect modification of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) on heat-related mortality using small-area data from five European countries, and explored the influence of area characteristics. METHODS We obtained daily non-accidental death counts from both urban and rural areas in Norway, England and Wales, Germany, Italy, and the Attica region of Greece during the warm season (2000-2018). Daily mean temperatures and air pollutant concentrations were estimated by spatial-temporal models. Heat effect modification by air pollution was assessed in each small area by over-dispersed Poisson regression models with a tensor smoother between temperature and air pollution. We extracted temperature-mortality relationships at the 5th (low), 50th (medium), and 95th (high) percentiles of pollutant distributions. At each air pollution level, we estimated heat-related mortality for a temperature increase from the 75th to the 99th percentile. We applied random-effects meta-analysis to derive the country-specific and overall associations, and mixed-effects meta-regression to examine the influence of urban-rural and coastal typologies and greenness on the heat effect modification by air pollution. RESULTS Heat-related mortality risks increased with higher PM levels, rising by 6.4% (95% CI: -2.0%-15.7%), 10.7% (2.6%-19.5%), and 14.1% (4.4%-24.6%) at low, medium, and high PM levels, respectively. This effect modification was consistent in urban and rural regions but more pronounced in non-coastal regions. In addition, heat-mortality associations were slightly stronger at high O3 levels, particularly in regions with low greenness. CONCLUSION Our analyses of both urban and rural data indicate that air pollution may intensify heat-related mortality, particularly in non-coastal and less green regions. The synergistic effect of heat and air pollution implies a potential pathway of reducing heat-related health impacts by improving air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service - ASL ROMA 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De' Donato
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service - ASL ROMA 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Zafeiratou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pierre Masselot
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Nikolaou
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristin Aunan
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Norway
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Morris NB, Ravanelli N, Chaseling GK. The effect of alcohol consumption on human physiological and perceptual responses to heat stress: a systematic scoping review. Environ Health 2024; 23:73. [PMID: 39267036 PMCID: PMC11391823 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) consumption is ostensibly known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality during hot weather and heatwaves. However, how alcohol independently alters physiological, perceptual, and behavioral responses to heat stress remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic scoping review to understand how alcohol consumption affects thermoregulatory responses to the heat. METHODS We searched five databases employing the following eligibility criteria, studies must have: 1) involved the oral consumption of ethanol, 2) employed a randomized or crossover-control study design with a control trial consisting of a volume-matched, non-alcoholic beverage, 3) been conducted in healthy adult humans, 4) reported thermophysiological, perceptual, hydration status markers, and/or behavioral outcomes, 5) been published in English, 6) been conducted in air or water at temperatures of > 28°C, 7) involved passive rest or exercise, and 8) been published before October 4th, 2023. RESULTS After removing duplicates, 7256 titles were screened, 29 papers were assessed for eligibility and 8 papers were included in the final review. Across the 8 studies, there were a total of 93 participants (93 male/0 female), the average time of heat exposure was 70 min and average alcohol dose was 0.68 g·kg1. There were 23 unique outcome variables analyzed from the studies. The physiological marker most influenced by alcohol was core temperature (lowered with alcohol consumption in 3/4 studies). Additionally, skin blood flow was increased with alcohol consumption in the one study that measured it. Typical markers of dehydration, such as increased urine volume (1/3 studies), mass loss (1/3 studies) and decreased plasma volume (0/2 studies) were not consistently observed in these studies, except for in the study with the highest alcohol dose. CONCLUSION The effect of alcohol consumption on thermoregulatory responses is understudied, and is limited by moderate doses of alcohol consumption, short durations of heat exposure, and only conducted in young-healthy males. Contrary to current heat-health advice, the available literature suggests that alcohol consumption does not seem to impair physiological responses to heat in young healthy males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B Morris
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
| | - Nicholas Ravanelli
- Department of Physiology, Yoo Long Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Georgia K Chaseling
- Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cheng C, Liu Y, Han C, Fang Q, Cui F, Li X. Effects of extreme temperature events on deaths and its interaction with air pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170212. [PMID: 38246371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both extreme temperature events (ETEs) and air pollution affected human health, and their effects were often not independent. Previous studies have provided limited information on the interactions between ETEs and air pollution. METHODS We collected data on deaths (non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Zibo City along with daily air pollution and meteorological data from January 2015 to December 2019. Distributed lag non-linear model was used to explore the health effects of ETEs on deaths. Non-parametric binary response model, hierarchical model and joint effect model were used to further explore the interaction between ETEs and air pollution in different seasons. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis by gender and age (≥ 65 years old and < 65 years old) was conducted to identify the vulnerable population. RESULTS ETEs increased death risk, especially for cardiovascular and respiratory deaths. Heat waves had a stronger impact than cold spells. Cold spells had a longer lag and fluctuating trend. Heat waves had a short-term impact, followed by a decrease. Females and those aged ≥ 65 were more affected, but subgroup differences were not significant. During ETEs and non-ETEs, there were different effects on deaths with per IQR increase in air pollutant concentrations. Joint effect models revealed that there was a significant interaction between ETEs and air pollution on non-accidental deaths. The interaction between PM2.5 and cold spells was antagonistic in the cold season. In the warm season, the health effects of heat waves and high O3 concentration were enhanced. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of cold spells and PM2.5 in total population was -0.09 (95 % CI: -0.17, -0.01), and 9 % (95 % CI: 1 %, 17 %) of the total effect was attributable to interaction. Subgroup analysis confirmed the interactions in females and those aged ≥ 65. CONCLUSIONS Significant association observed between ETEs and deaths. Females and ≥ 65 age groups were vulnerable. There were interactions between ETEs and air pollution. The effect of PM2.5 on deaths decreased during cold spells, while the effect of O3 increased during heat waves. In addition to improving air quality, it is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and control of ETEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ma'anshan 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Chuang Han
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qidi Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Cui
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Grunst ML, Grunst AS, Grémillet D, Kato A, Gentès S, Fort J. Keystone seabird may face thermoregulatory challenges in a warming Arctic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16733. [PMID: 37794049 PMCID: PMC10550970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects the Arctic more than any other region, resulting in evolving weather, vanishing sea ice and altered biochemical cycling, which may increase biotic exposure to chemical pollution. We tested thermoregulatory impacts of these changes on the most abundant Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). This small diving species uses sea ice-habitats for foraging on zooplankton and resting. We equipped eight little auks with 3D accelerometers to monitor behavior, and ingested temperature recorders to measure body temperature (Tb). We also recorded weather conditions, and collected blood to assess mercury (Hg) contamination. There were nonlinear relationships between time engaged in different behaviors and Tb. Tb increased on sea ice, following declines while foraging in polar waters, but changed little when birds were resting on water. Tb also increased when birds were flying, and decreased at the colony after being elevated during flight. Weather conditions, but not Hg contamination, also affected Tb. However, given our small sample size, further research regarding thermoregulatory effects of Hg is warranted. Results suggest that little auk Tb varies with behavior and weather conditions, and that loss of sea ice due to global warming may cause thermoregulatory and energic challenges during foraging trips at sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France.
| | - Andrea S Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - David Grémillet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Akiko Kato
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Sophie Gentès
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
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6
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Grunst ML, Grunst AS, Grémillet D, Fort J. Combined threats of climate change and contaminant exposure through the lens of bioenergetics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5139-5168. [PMID: 37381110 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organisms face energetic challenges of climate change in combination with suites of natural and anthropogenic stressors. In particular, chemical contaminant exposure has neurotoxic, endocrine-disrupting, and behavioral effects which may additively or interactively combine with challenges associated with climate change. We used a literature review across animal taxa and contaminant classes, but focused on Arctic endotherms and contaminants important in Arctic ecosystems, to demonstrate potential for interactive effects across five bioenergetic domains: (1) energy supply, (2) energy demand, (3) energy storage, (4) energy allocation tradeoffs, and (5) energy management strategies; and involving four climate change-sensitive environmental stressors: changes in resource availability, temperature, predation risk, and parasitism. Identified examples included relatively equal numbers of synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Synergies are often suggested to be particularly problematic, since they magnify biological effects. However, we emphasize that antagonistic effects on bioenergetic traits can be equally problematic, since they can reflect dampening of beneficial responses and result in negative synergistic effects on fitness. Our review also highlights that empirical demonstrations remain limited, especially in endotherms. Elucidating the nature of climate change-by-contaminant interactive effects on bioenergetic traits will build toward determining overall outcomes for energy balance and fitness. Progressing to determine critical species, life stages, and target areas in which transformative effects arise will aid in forecasting broad-scale bioenergetic outcomes under global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Andrea S Grunst
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - David Grémillet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
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González-Alvarez ME, Roach CM, Keating AF. Scrambled eggs-Negative impacts of heat stress and chemical exposures on ovarian function in swine. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:503-516. [PMID: 36652419 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants and hyperthermia can hamper reproduction in female mammals including swine. Phenotypic manifestations include poor quality oocytes, endocrine disruption, infertility, lengthened time to conceive, pregnancy loss, and embryonic defects. The ovary has the capacity for toxicant biotransformation, regulated in part by the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathway. The impacts of exposure to mycotoxins and pesticides on swine reproduction and the potential for an emerging chemical class of concern, the per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances, to hamper porcine reproduction are reviewed. The negative impairments of heat stress (HS) on swine reproductive outcomes are also described and the cumulative effect of environmental exposures, such as HS, when present in conjunction with a toxicant is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estefanía González-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Crystal M Roach
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Hinchliffe A, Alguacil J, Bijoux W, Kogevinas M, Menegaux F, Parent ME, Pérez Gomez B, Uuksulainen S, Turner MC. Occupational heat exposure and prostate cancer risk: A pooled analysis of case-control studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114592. [PMID: 36272590 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat exposures occur in many occupations. Heat has been linked to key carcinogenic processes, however, evidence for associations with cancer risk is sparse. We examined potential associations between occupational heat exposure and prostate cancer risk in a multi-country study. METHODS We analysed a large, pooled dataset of 3142 histologically confirmed prostate cancer cases and 3512 frequency-matched controls from three countries: Canada, France, and Spain. Three exposure indices: ever exposure, lifetime cumulative exposure and duration of exposure, were developed using the Finnish Job-Exposure Matrix, FINJEM, applied to the lifetime occupational history of participants. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using conditional logistic regression models stratified by 5-year age groups and study, adjusting for potential confounders. Potential interactions with exposure to other occupational agents were also explored. RESULTS Overall, we found no association for ever occupational heat exposure (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.87, 1.09), nor in the highest categories of lifetime cumulative exposure (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.89, 1.23) or duration (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.88, 1.22). When using only the Spanish case-control study and a Spanish Job Exposure Matrix (JEM), some weakly elevated ORs were observed. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide no clear evidence for an association between occupational heat exposure and prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hinchliffe
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Wendy Bijoux
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, CESP, Team "Exposome and Heredity", 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1B7, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada; University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Beatriz Pérez Gomez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology for Chronic Diseases, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Song R, Liu L, Wei N, Li X, Liu J, Yuan J, Yan S, Sun X, Mei L, Liang Y, Li Y, Jin X, Wu Y, Pan R, Yi W, Song J, He Y, Tang C, Liu X, Cheng J, Su H. Short-term exposure to air pollution is an emerging but neglected risk factor for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158823. [PMID: 36116638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and schizophrenia (SCZ)1, and investigate the susceptible population and the lag characteristics of different pollutants. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Sciences, and CNKI for relevant literature published up to 28 Feb 2022. Meta-analysis was performed separately to investigate the association of ambient particulates (diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5)2, 2.5 μm < diameter < 10 μm (PMC)3, ≤10μm (PM10)4) and gaseous pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2)5, sulfur dioxide (SO2)6, carbon monoxide (CO)7) with SCZ. Relative risk (RR)8 per 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutants concentration was used as the effect estimate. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, gender, country, median pollutant concentration, and median temperature. RESULTS We identified 17 articles mainly conducted in Asia, of which 13 were included in the meta-analysis. Increased risk of SCZ was associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5 (RR: 1.0050, 95 % confidence interval (CI)9: 1.0017, 1.0083), PMC (1.0117, 1.0023, 1.0211), PM10 (1.0047, 1.0025, 1.0070), NO2 (1.0275, 1.0132, 1.0420), and SO2 (1.0288, 1.0146, 1.0432) exposure. Subgroup analyses showed that females may be more susceptible to SO2 and NO2, and the young seem to be more sensitive to PM2.5 and PM10. Gaseous pollutants presented the immediate risk, and particulates showed the delayed risk. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMC, PM10, SO2, and NO2 exposure may be associated with an elevated risk of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jiajun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yunfeng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yangyang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Areal AT, Zhao Q, Wigmann C, Schneider A, Schikowski T. The effect of air pollution when modified by temperature on respiratory health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152336. [PMID: 34914983 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and are exacerbated by air pollution and temperature. AIM To assess published literature on the effect of air pollution modified by temperature on respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. METHODS We identified 26,656 papers in PubMed and Web of Science, up to March 2021, and selected for analysis; inclusion criteria included observational studies, short-term air pollution, and temperature exposure. Air pollutants considered were particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μg/m3, and 10 μg/m3 (PM2.5, and PM10), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A random-effects model was used for our meta-analysis. RESULTS For respiratory mortality we found that when the effect PM10 is modified by high temperatures there is an increased pooled Odds Ratio [OR, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] of 1.021 (1.008 to 1.034) and for the effect of O3 the pooled OR is 1.006 (1.001-1.012) during the warm season. For hospital admissions, the effects of PM10 and O3 respectively, during the warm season found an increased pooled OR of 1.011 (0.999-1.024), and 1.015 (0.995-1.036). In our analysis for low temperatures, results were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to air pollution when modified by high temperature is likely to increase the odds of respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. Analysis on the interaction effect of air pollution and temperature on health outcomes is a relatively new research field and results are largely inconsistent; therefore, further research is encouraged to establish a more conclusive conclusion on the strength and direction of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashtyn Tracey Areal
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Zamanian Z, Yousefinejad S, Dehghan SF, Rahmani A. Hemato-Biochemical Responses Of Rats Co-Exposed To Heat Stress And Trichloroethylene Vapors. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim — The present study was aimed to measure some hemato-biochemical parameters of male Sprague-Dawley rats co-exposed to different levels of heat stress and Trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure. Methods — All male rats were randomly divided into nine equal groups of 5 animals each. They were exposed to heat stress and TCE vapors in a subacute manner (8 hr/day for 10 days) according to experimental design. Blood samples were taken from the heart of all animals at the end of the 10th day of exposure. Hematology and biochemical parameters were determined using the automated hematology analyzer and an automated biochemistry, respectively. Results — The values of WBC, RBC and HB significantly decreased after co-exposure 250 ppm TCE and extreme heat stress; although, this exposure condition lead to statistically significant increase in mean levels of MCV, RDW, ALP, CPK and LDH. Our findings indicated that there were the subtractive and independent interactions for the hematological parameters and the additive, subtractive and independent interactions for biochemical parameters based on the exposure level to trichloroethylene and heat stress. Conclusion — Heat stress may increase sensitivity of workers to trichloroethylene and the simultaneous effects of exposure provide the circumstances for the occurrence of a variety of disorders.
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12
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López-Gálvez N, Wagoner R, Canales RA, Ernst K, Burgess JL, de Zapien J, Rosales C, Beamer P. Longitudinal assessment of kidney function in migrant farm workers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111686. [PMID: 34273367 PMCID: PMC8578352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is an epidemic that affects young agricultural workers in several warm regions of the world. However, there is a lack of monitoring of kidney issues in regions with extremely warm environments such as the Northwest of Mexico, a semi-arid region with a growing agricultural industry, where migrant and seasonal farm workers (MSFWs) travel to work in the fields. The objective of this study was to longitudinally assess kidney functioning of MSFWs in relation to pesticide exposure, heat stress and dehydration in a large-scale farm in Mexico. We enrolled 101 MSFWs, of whom 50 were randomly selected to work in an organic certified area and 51 were randomly selected to work in a conventional area. We also enrolled 50 office workers within the same region as a reference group. We collected urine and blood samples from all workers in addition to demographic, behavioral, and occupational characteristics. The physiological strain index (PSI) was used to estimate workers' heat strain. Sampling was conducted at pre-harvest (March) and late in the harvest (July). Linear mixed models were built with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as the dependent variable. We found a significant decrease in kidney function in MSFWs compared to office workers. By the late harvest, one MSFW developed kidney disease, two MSFWs suffered a kidney injury, and 14 MSFWs were at risk of a kidney injury. We found that the eGFR in MSFWs decreased significantly from pre-harvest (125 ± 13.0 mL/min/1.73 m2) to late harvest (109 ± 13.6 mL/min/1.73 m2) (p < 0.001), while no significant change was observed in office workers. The eGFR was significantly lower in MSFWs who worked in the conventional field (101.2 ± 19.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) vs the organic field (110.9 ± 13.6 mL/min/1.73 m2) (p = 0.002). In our final model, we found that dehydration was associated with the decrease of eGFR. We also found an interaction between heat strain and job category, as a significant decline in eGFR by job category (conventional/organic MSFWs and office workers) was related to an increase in heat strain. This suggests that pesticide exposure needs to be considered in combination with heat stress and dehydration. This study provides valuable information on kidney function in MSFWs, and it shows the importance of early long-term monitoring in farm workers in other regions where CKDu has not been evaluated yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás López-Gálvez
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego State University, 5250 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Rietta Wagoner
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Robert A Canales
- Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, 617 N. Santa Rita Ave, PO Box 210089, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kacey Ernst
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jill de Zapien
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Cecilia Rosales
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Paloma Beamer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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13
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Marchand A, Ménard J, Brochu P, Haddad S. Impact of heat on biological concentrations of toluene and acetone resulting from exposure by inhalation: A pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103737. [PMID: 34481063 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climatic conditions raise new concerns about the potential impact of heat on the absorption and kinetics of certain chemicals. The impact of 3 temperatures (21, 25 and 30 °C WBGT) on the toxicokinetics of toluene and acetone was therefore evaluated in five human subjects during controlled exposures in an inhalation chamber. Biological samples were collected and analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Increases between 4 and 85 % were observed for solvents concentrations in blood (30 vs 21 °C) while decreases in urine samples for acetone and o-cresol were measured at the end of the exposure period (4 h). Mean blood concentrations at 4 h are well correlated with temperature. Results suggest an increased absorption and/or a decreased elimination of volatile chemicals in the presence of heat. Higher increases of blood chemical concentrations were observed in heavier individuals. Further studies should include physiologically based toxicokinetic models to help in better understanding the mechanisms involved and their respective contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Marchand
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Parc Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jessie Ménard
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Parc Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Brochu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sami Haddad
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Parc Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, ESPUM, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Branch, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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14
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Boratyński Z, Mousseau TA, Møller AP. Individual quality and phenology mediate the effect of radioactive contamination on body temperature in Chernobyl barn swallows. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9039-9048. [PMID: 34257943 PMCID: PMC8258232 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors, such as radioactive contaminants released from the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi accidents, deteriorate ecological and evolutionary processes, as evidence for damaging effects of radioactive contamination on wildlife is accumulating. Yet little is known about physiological traits of animals inhabiting contaminated areas, and how those are affected by individual quality and phenology. We investigated variation in body temperature of wild barn swallows, Hirundo rustica, exposed to radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine and Belarus. We tested whether exposure to variable levels of radioactive contamination modified core body temperature of birds, and whether individual and phenological characteristics modulated radiosensitivity of body temperature. We showed that barn swallow body temperature varied with exposure to environmental radioactive contamination and that individual characteristics and phenology affected radioactive exposure. Increased radiosensitivity and up-regulation of body temperature were detected in birds of low body condition, high risk of capture, and in animals captured late during the day but early during the season. These results highlight the complex ways that the body temperature of a wild bird is impacted by exposure to increased radioactive contamination in natural habitats. By impacting body temperature, increased radioactive contamination may compromise energetic balance, jeopardize responsiveness to global warming, and increase risk of overheating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszek Boratyński
- CIBIO/InBioResearch Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Timothy A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
- SURA/LASSO/NASAISS Utilization and Life Sciences DivisionKennedy Space CenterCape CanaveralFLUSA
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Ecologie Systematique EvolutionCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
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15
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Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrinsically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) significantly affect human health, increasing risks of respiratory mortality and morbidity. Concurrently, a synergistic effect of air pollution and high temperatures can be combined with weather–air pollution interaction during wildfires. The purpose of the current review is to summarize literature on interplay of hot weather, air pollution, and respiratory health consequences worldwide, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most dangerous pollution agents and vulnerable population groups. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus, focusing only on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from 2000 to 2021. The main findings demonstrate that the increased level of PM10 and O3 results in significantly higher rates of respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality. Increments in PM2.5 and PM10, O3, CO, and NO2 concentrations during high temperature episodes are dramatically associated with higher admissions to hospital in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, daily hospital emergency transports for asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and premature mortality caused by respiratory disease. Excessive respiratory health risk is more pronounced in elderly cohorts and small children. Both heat waves and outdoor air pollution are synergistically linked and are expected to be more serious in the future due to greater climate instability, being a crucial threat to global public health that requires the responsible involvement of researchers at all levels. Sustainable urban planning and smart city design could significantly reduce both urban heat islands effect and air pollution.
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16
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Grimbuhler S, Viel JF. Heat Stress and Cardiac Strain in French Vineyard Workers. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:390-396. [PMID: 33367558 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural workers often produce considerable excess heat due to the physically demanding nature of their activities, increasing their risk of thermal stress in even moderately warm conditions. Few studies have examined the physiological responses to heat load in agriculture. We aimed to assess the heat strain experienced by vineyard workers during canopy management in dry field conditions, and to disentangle the effects of the heat produced by the body and the thermal environment. Thirty workers from five Bordeaux vineyards of southern France were monitored during vine-lifting and trellising (June 2012). The mean heart rate, net cardiac cost, relative cardiac cost, and cardiac workload score were assessed during field activity. As the workers were nested within vineyards, multilevel linear regression models were used for correct inference. Skin temperature increased by an average of 1.0°C. Cardiac indices showed marked differences between individuals. The workload was evaluated as 'heavy' or 'very heavy' for more than one-third of the workers, of whom one experienced heat exhaustion. Above some individual characteristics, we highlighted a contextual effect (air temperature) for the mean heart rate (P = 0.03), the relative cardiac cost (P = 0.01) and, to a lesser extent, a cardiac workload score (P = 0.07). Canopy management by hand in vineyards causes considerable cardiac and thermoregulatory strain. Appropriate instruments should be developed to simultaneously evaluate work intensity, work quality, and productivity at the vineyard level to raise the awareness of both managers and employees about taking preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Grimbuhler
- ITAP, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Viel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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17
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Grigorieva EA. Adventurous tourism: acclimatization problems and decisions in trans-boundary travels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:717-728. [PMID: 32060648 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the twenty-first-Century Maritime Silk Road tourism program aims on development of new tourist routes with special interest on the polar regions of the Arctic and the Antarctic, as well as the Tibetan Plateau, management of climate risks in travels and their reduction is an important issue for achievement of its goals at national and local levels. Acclimatization is crucial for adventurous tourists, and especially for those traveling to extremely cold and highly elevated environments, when climate and weather in tourist destination differ significantly from those at home. The Acclimatization Thermal Strain Index for Tourism (ATSIT) is designed and used to measure numerically the physiological expenses a traveler pays during the acclimatization process. The purpose of the present study is to examine acclimatization consequences for travels from Beijing, capital of China, to destinations at the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the Tibetan Plateau, collectively referred to as the 3Polar regions, during the main seasons of winter and summer, and back. The results show that acclimatizing to cold involves greater physiological strain than adjustment to heat. Acclimatization load in winter is low for all travels from Beijing and back home. ATSIT projections detect the most harmful degree of discomfort for summer travels from Beijing. The greatest acclimatization impact comes when changing locales from hot and humid to cold and dry climatic conditions, which might cause high and very high physiological strain. Moreover, as many destinations in the 3Polar regions, mostly in the Tibetan Plateau, are located in mountains, a special acclimatization plan is required to weaken the threat of mountain sickness. The results will be helpful for warning stakeholders and the decision makers in the tourism sector of economies, and are expected to be translated into action for the development of proper intervention procedures in health control, to minimize population loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Grigorieva
- Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (ICARP FEB RAS), Birobidzhan, Russia.
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18
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Interaction of Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors on Birth Weight in Shenzhen, China. Epidemiology 2020; 30 Suppl 1:S57-S66. [PMID: 31181007 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess if air pollutants and meteorological factors synergistically affect birth outcomes in Shenzhen, China. METHODS A total of 1,206,158 singleton live births between 2005 and 2012 were identified from a birth registry database. Daily average measurements of particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ambient air temperature (T), and dew point temperature (Td), a marker of humidity, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between air pollution and small for gestational age (SGA), and full-term low birth weight (TLBW). We classified births into those conceived in the warm (May-October) and cold seasons (November-April) and then estimated interactions between air pollutants and meteorological factors. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10 exposure during the first trimester (23.1 µg/m) and NO2 during both the first and second trimesters (15.1 and 13.4 µg/m) was associated with SGA and TLBW risk; odds ratios ranged from 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.02) to 1.09 (1.07, 1.12). We observed interactive effects of both air temperature and humidity on PM10 and SGA for newborns conceived in the warm season. Each IQR increase in PM10 (11.1 µg/m) increased SGA risk by 90% (95% CI = 19%, 205%), 29% (23, 34%), 61% (10, 38%), and 26% (21, 32%) when T < 5th percentile, 5th < T < 95th percentile, Td < 5th percentile, and 5th < Td < 95th percentile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study found evidence of an interactive effect of air temperature and humidity on the relationship between PM10 exposure and SGA among newborns conceived in the warm season (May-October). Relatively low air temperature or humidity exacerbated the effects of PM10.
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19
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Fleischmann C, Bar-Ilan N, Horowitz M, Bruchim Y, Deuster P, Heled Y. Astaxanthin supplementation impacts the cellular HSP expression profile during passive heating. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:549-558. [PMID: 31970694 PMCID: PMC7192986 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a powerful carotenoid antioxidant prevalent in marine organisms and approved as a food supplement. Recent studies have demonstrated Astaxanthin's beneficial attributes in various health states. Following initial reports of potential heat protective properties in Astaxanthin supplemented rats, we present here results of a novel study examining the effect of Astaxanthin supplementation on the heat shock response in rats in relation to core temperature (Tc) and the ensuing physiological strain. Two hours of heat stress at 41 °C during which rats developed their thermoregulatory hyperthermic plateau resulted in progressive increases in HSP72 and HSP27 in the Astaxanthin (Oleoresin)-treated group but not in the control (Olive oil) group. Enhanced elevation in HSPs suggests that Astaxanthin supplementation may augment the cellular stress protective response to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fleischmann
- The Institute of Military Physiology, IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Netta Bar-Ilan
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Bruchim
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Human Performance Resource Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- Emergency and Specialist Veterinary Center, Ben-Shemen Youth Village, Israel
| | - Yuval Heled
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Kibbutzim College, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Muñiz-González AB, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Combined effects of benzophenone-3 and temperature on gene expression and enzymatic activity in the aquatic larvae Chironomus riparius. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134292. [PMID: 31514035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and pollution are two of the main environmental problems living organisms currently face. Temperature can modify a toxicant's effects and the organism's response to it. Global warming is expected to increase the temperature of freshwater ecosystems. In this work, we analyzed the effect of a mild temperature increase on the acute response of the aquatic larvae Chironomus riparius to the ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 (BP3). This substance is commonly used in sunscreens and other commercial products and can reach the environment in different ways. We exposed larvae to BP3 at 18.5 or 23 °C for 8 or 24 h and analyzed the acute response at the molecular level. By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), we studied altered messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of genes related to the endocrine system (EcR, InR and Met), detoxification mechanisms (Cyp4d2, Cyp6b7, GST d6, GST o1 and MRP-1) and stress response (Hsp22, Hsp27, Hsp70, HYOU and Gp93). Moreover, enzyme activity was evaluated, with a focus on glutathione-S-transferase (GST), phenoloxidase (PO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results showed that temperature affected the acute response of this organism by modifying the expression of EcR, Cyp6b7, GST d6, GST o1, MRP-1, Hsp22, Hsp27 and Hsp70 genes. These results suggest that even mild temperature change can affect the response of this organism to BP3 influencing short-term progress of the population. Although longer exposures are required to determine the ability of C. riparius to manage the pollutants in this novel environmental conditions, in order to know the possible mechanisms of detoxification or adaptation that may develop. This research represents a first step in the analysis of multi-stress response in this animal, and opens new possibilities in the toxicity evaluation of this organism in line with the real scenario that organisms face today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Yang R, Luo D, Zhang YM, Hu K, Qian ZM, Hu LQ, Shen LJ, Xian H, Iwelunmor J, Mei SR. Adverse Effects of Exposure to Fine Particulate Matters and Ozone on Gestational Hypertension. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:1019-1028. [PMID: 31845236 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gestational hypertension (GH) is a common complication during pregnancy. GH is regarded as a potential public health challenge for pregnant women and infants. Limited evidence has linked ambient air pollution to an increased GH risk. However, most of the studies were conducted in developed countries, with inconsistent results obtained. The present study was performed to explore whether exposure to particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) was related to elevated odds of GH in a Chinese population. This population-based cohort study involved 38 115 pregnant women in Wuhan, China. All information was collected from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System, using standardized quality control. The daily air pollutant data for PM2.5 and O3 were obtained from the 20 monitoring stations of the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center during 2014. The nearest monitor approach was applied to individual exposure assessment of PM2.5 and O3 for each participant. After adjusting for major confounders and other air pollutants, a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations was found to correlate to a 1.14-fold [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.09, 1.20] and a 1.05-fold (95% CI: 1.02, 1.07) increase in GH risk, respectively. Additionally, stronger relationships between GH risk and PM2.5 and O3 exposure were observed in women who conceived in winter and summer, respectively. These findings suggest that air pollutants may contribute to the development of GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430015, China.
| | - Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Zheng-Min Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Li-Qin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Long-Jiao Shen
- Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Hong Xian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Juliet Iwelunmor
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Su-Rong Mei
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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22
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Ruggieri S, Longo V, Perrino C, Canepari S, Drago G, L'Abbate L, Balzan M, Cuttitta G, Scaccianoce G, Minardi R, Viegi G, Cibella F. Indoor air quality in schools of a highly polluted south Mediterranean area. INDOOR AIR 2019; 29:276-290. [PMID: 30580463 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at surveying lower secondary schools in southern Italy, in a highly polluted area. A community close to an industrial area and three villages in rural areas was investigated. Indoor temperature, relative humidity (RH), gaseous pollutants (CO2 and NO2 ), selected biological pollutants in indoor dust, and the indoor/outdoor mass concentration and elemental composition of PM2.5 were ascertained. Temperature and RH were within, or close to, the comfort range, while CO2 frequently exceeded the threshold of 1000 ppm, indicating inadequate air exchange rate. In all the classrooms, median NO2 levels were above the WHO threshold value. Dermatophagoides p. allergen concentration was below the sensitizing threshold, while high endotoxin levels were detected in the classrooms, suggesting schools may produce significant risks of endotoxin exposure. Concentration and solubility of PM2.5 elements were used to identify the sources of indoor particles. Indoor concentration of most elements was higher than outdoors. Resuspension was responsible for the indoor increase in soil components. For elements from industrial emission (Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V), the indoor concentration depended on penetration from the outside. For these elements, differences in rural vs industrial concentrations were found, suggesting industrial sources may influence indoor air quality nearby schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ruggieri
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaspare Drago
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca L'Abbate
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Balzan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Giuseppina Cuttitta
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scaccianoce
- Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Remo Minardi
- ASP Caltanissetta - Health District of Gela, Gela, Italy
| | - Giovanni Viegi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
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23
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López-Gálvez N, Wagoner R, Beamer P, de Zapien J, Rosales C. Migrant Farmworkers' Exposure to Pesticides in Sonora, Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2651. [PMID: 30486281 PMCID: PMC6313604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Expanding agribusiness in Sonora, a state in Northern Mexico, has increased the demand for temporary migrant agricultural workers. Sonora is one of the top states in Mexico for pesticide utilization. We conducted an exploratory study to evaluate exposure to organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid pesticides among migrant farmworkers. A sample of 20 migrant farmworkers was recruited from a large commercial grape farm during the harvest season. We administered a questionnaire on work activities, exposure characteristics, and socio-demographics. We collected urine samples to quantify pesticide metabolite concentrations. Most participants were originally from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, none had completed high school, and about half spoke an indigenous language as well as Spanish. The majority of participants had detectable concentrations of pyrethroid and organophosphate biomarkers. Geometric mean creatinine-adjusted concentrations for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (1.83 µg/g), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (0.88 µg/g), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (0.94 µg/g), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3.56 µg/g), and para-nitrophenol (0.63 µg/g) were significantly higher than in the general United States' population and Mexican Americans. Our results also suggest that migrant farmworkers in this region are exposed to pesticides at higher levels than other farmworkers' studies. Farmworkers' age, language, training on personal protective equipment, time at the farm, and season, were significant exposure determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás López-Gálvez
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Rietta Wagoner
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Paloma Beamer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Jill de Zapien
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Cecilia Rosales
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. PO 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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24
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Wang Q, Zhang H, Liang Q, Knibbs LD, Ren M, Li C, Bao J, Wang S, He Y, Zhu L, Wang X, Zhao Q, Huang C. Effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution on preeclampsia in Shenzhen, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:18-27. [PMID: 29466771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of ambient air pollution on pregnant women is a concern in China. However, little is known about the association between air pollution and preeclampsia and the potential modifying effects of meteorological conditions have not been assessed. This study aimed to assess the effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution on preeclampsia, and to explore whether temperature and humidity modify the effects. We performed a retrospective cohort study based on 1.21 million singleton births from the birth registration system in Shenzhen, China, between 2005 and 2012. Daily average measurements of particulate matter <10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), air temperature (T), and dew point (Td) were collected. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate associations between air pollution and preeclampsia during the first and second trimesters, and during the entire pregnancy. In each time window, we observed a positive gradient of increasing preeclampsia risk with increasing quartiles of PM10 and SO2 exposure. When stratified by T and Td in three categories (<5th, 5th -95th, and >95th percentile), we found a significant interaction between PM10 and Td on preeclampsia; the adverse effects of PM10 increased with Td. During the entire pregnancy, there was a null association between PM10 and preeclampsia under Td < 5th percentile. Preeclampsia risk increased by 23% (95% CI: 19-26%) when 5th < Td < 95th percentile, and by 34% (16-55%) when Td > 95th percentile. We also found that air pollution effects on preeclampsia in autumn/winter seasons were stronger than those in the spring/summer. This is the first study to address modifying effects of meteorological factors on the association between air pollution and preeclampsia. Findings indicate that prenatal exposure to PM10 and SO2 increase preeclampsia risk in Shenzhen, China, and the effects could be modified by humidity. Pregnant women should limit air pollution exposure, particularly during humid periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Qianhong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou, China
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Changchang Li
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Junzhe Bao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Suhan Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Yiling He
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, China
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, China; Family Planning Special Hospital of Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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25
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The role of genetic background in susceptibility to chemical warfare nerve agents across rodent and non-human primate models. Toxicology 2017; 393:51-61. [PMID: 29113833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetics likely play a role in various responses to nerve agent exposure, as genetic background plays an important role in behavioral, neurological, and physiological responses to environmental stimuli. Mouse strains or selected lines can be used to identify susceptibility based on background genetic features to nerve agent exposure. Additional genetic techniques can then be used to identify mechanisms underlying resistance and sensitivity, with the ultimate goal of developing more effective and targeted therapies. Here, we discuss the available literature on strain and selected line differences in cholinesterase activity levels and response to nerve agent-induced toxicity and seizures. We also discuss the available cholinesterase and toxicity literature across different non-human primate species. The available data suggest that robust genetic differences exist in cholinesterase activity, nerve agent-induced toxicity, and chemical-induced seizures. Available cholinesterase data suggest that acetylcholinesterase activity differs across strains, but are limited by the paucity of carboxylesterase data in strains and selected lines. Toxicity and seizures, two outcomes of nerve agent exposure, have not been fully evaluated for genetic differences, and thus further studies are required to understand baseline strain and selected line differences.
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26
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Perić-Mataruga V, Petković B, Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Dronjak Čučaković S, Todorović D, Vlahović M. Cadmium and high temperature effects on brain and behaviour of Lymantria dispar L. caterpillars originating from polluted and less-polluted forests. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:628-636. [PMID: 28728120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insects brain as a part of nervous system is the first-line of fast stress response that integrate stress signals to regulate all aspects of insect physiology and behaviour. The cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation factor (BF), activity of the neurotoxicity biomarker acetylcholinesterase (AChE), dopamine content, expression and amount of Hsp70 in the brain and locomotor activity were evaluated in the 4th instar of Lymantria dispar L. caterpillars fed a Cd supplemented diet and reared in an optimal temperature regime (23 °C) and/or exposed to high temperature (28 °C). The insects originated from two forests, one close to "Nikola Tesla" thermoelectric power plant, Obrenovac (polluted population), and the other Kosmaj mountain (less-polluted population, far from any industrial region). The Cd BF was higher in the less-polluted than in the polluted population especially at the high ambient temperature. AChE activity and dopamine content were changed in the brains of L. dispar from both populations in the same manner. Hsp70 concentration in caterpillar brains showed opposite trends, a decrease in the less-polluted and an increase in the polluted population. Locomotor activity was modified in both Lymantria dispar populations, but the pattern of changes depended on the stressors and their combined effect. ACh activity and dopamine content are sensitive parameters to Cd exposure, regardless of pollutant experience, and might be promising biomarkers in monitoring forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branka Petković
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Dronjak Čučaković
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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27
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Marchand A, Haddad S. Simultaneous exposures to heat and chemicals and the impact on toxicokinetics and biomonitoring. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Schulte P, Bhattacharya A, Butler C, Chun H, Jacklitsch B, Jacobs T, Kiefer M, Lincoln J, Pendergrass S, Shire J, Watson J, Wagner G. Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2016; 13:847-65. [PMID: 27115294 PMCID: PMC5017900 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1179388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2009, a preliminary framework for how climate change could affect worker safety and health was described. That framework was based on a literature search from 1988-2008 that supported seven categories of climate-related occupational hazards: (1) increased ambient temperature; (2) air pollution; (3) ultraviolet radiation exposure; (4) extreme weather; (5) vector-borne diseases and expanded habitats; (6) industrial transitions and emerging industries; and (7) changes in the built environment. This article reviews the published literature from 2008-2014 in each of the seven categories. Additionally, three new topics related to occupational safety and health are considered: mental health effects, economic burden, and potential worker safety and health impacts associated with the nascent field of climate intervention (geoengineering). Beyond updating the literature, this article also identifies key priorities for action to better characterize and understand how occupational safety and health may be associated with climate change events and ensure that worker health and safety issues are anticipated, recognized, evaluated, and mitigated. These key priorities include research, surveillance, risk assessment, risk management, and policy development. Strong evidence indicates that climate change will continue to present occupational safety and health hazards, and this framework may be a useful tool for preventing adverse effects to workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.A. Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Education and Infomation Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
- CONTACT P.A. Schulte National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH45226
| | - A. Bhattacharya
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Education and Infomation Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C.R. Butler
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Denver, Colorado
| | - H.K. Chun
- Georgia Southern University, College of Public Health, Statesboro, Georgia
| | - B. Jacklitsch
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Education and Infomation Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - T. Jacobs
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - M. Kiefer
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Denver, Colorado
| | - J. Lincoln
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - S. Pendergrass
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Education and Infomation Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J. Shire
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J. Watson
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Spokane, Washington
| | - G.R. Wagner
- Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Washington, D.C.
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29
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Olubodun JO, Zulkifli I, Farjam AS, Hair-Bejo M, Kasim A. Glutamine and Glutamic Acid Supplementation Enhances Performance of Broiler Chickens Under the Hot and Humid Tropical Condition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition clinically diagnosed as a severe elevation in body temperature with central nervous system dysfunction that often includes combativeness, delirium, seizures, and coma. Classic heat stroke primarily occurs in immunocompromised individuals during annual heat waves. Exertional heat stroke is observed in young fit individuals performing strenuous physical activity in hot or temperature environments. Long-term consequences of heat stroke are thought to be due to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the identification of risk factors that predispose to heat stroke, the role of endotoxin and cytokines in mediation of multi-organ damage, the incidence of hypothermia and fever during heat stroke recovery, clinical biomarkers of organ damage severity, and protective cooling strategies. Risk factors include environmental factors, medications, drug use, compromised health status, and genetic conditions. The role of endotoxin and cytokines is discussed in the framework of research conducted over 30 years ago that requires reassessment to more clearly identify the role of these factors in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. We challenge the notion that hypothalamic damage is responsible for thermoregulatory disturbances during heat stroke recovery and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the regulated nature of these responses. The need for more sensitive clinical biomarkers of organ damage is examined. Conventional and emerging cooling methods are discussed with reference to protection against peripheral organ damage and selective brain cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Leon
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Experimental Medicine Department-King Abdulaziz Medical City-Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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31
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de Freitas CR, Grigorieva EA. Role of Acclimatization in Weather-Related Human Mortality During the Transition Seasons of Autumn and Spring in a Thermally Extreme Mid-Latitude Continental Climate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14974-87. [PMID: 26703633 PMCID: PMC4690898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121214962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human mortality is closely related to natural climate-determined levels of thermal environmental stress and the resulting thermophysiological strain. Most climate-mortality research has focused on seasonal extremes during winter and summer when mortality is the highest, while relatively little attention has been paid to mortality during the transitional seasons of autumn and spring. The body acclimatizes to heat in the summer and cold in winter and readjusts through acclimatization during the transitions between the two during which time the body experiences the thermophysiological strain of readjustment. To better understand the influences of weather on mortality through the acclimatization process, the aim here is to examine the periods that link very cold and very warms seasons. The study uses the Acclimatization Thermal Strain Index (ATSI), which is a comparative measure of short-term thermophysiological impact on the body. ATSI centers on heat exchange with the body’s core via the respiratory system, which cannot be protected. The analysis is based on data for a major city in the climatic region of the Russian Far East characterized by very hot summers and extremely cold winters. The results show that although mortality peaks in winter (January) and is at its lowest in summer (August), there is not a smooth rise through autumn nor a smooth decline through spring. A secondary peak occurs in autumn (October) with a smaller jump in May. This suggests the acclimatization from warm-to-cold produces more thermophysiological strain than the transition from cold-to-warm. The study shows that ATSI is a useful metric for quantifying the extent to which biophysical adaptation plays a role in increased strain on the body during re-acclimatization and for this reason is a more appropriate climatic indictor than air temperature alone. The work gives useful bioclimatic information on risks involved in transitional seasons in regions characterized by climatic extremes. This could be handy in planning and managing health services to the public and measures that might be used to help mitigate impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena A Grigorieva
- Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan 679016, Russia.
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32
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Li L, Yang J, Guo C, Chen PY, Ou CQ, Guo Y. Particulate matter modifies the magnitude and time course of the non-linear temperature-mortality association. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:423-30. [PMID: 25468212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It remains uncertain whether air pollution modifies the magnitude and time course of the temperature mortality association. We applied a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with non-linear interaction terms to assess the modifying effects of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 mm or less (PM(10)) on the association between mean temperature and mortality in Guangzhou, China.We found that both cold and hot effects increased with the quartiles of PM(10). The elderly were more vulnerable to cold and hot effects. Men suffered more from cold-related mortality than women, with the gender difference enlarging with the quartiles of PM(10). We identified statistically significant interaction effects between PM(10) and mean temperature on mortality (except for respiratory mortality). Cold and hot effects basically appeared acutely on highly polluted days, while effects were delayed on lowly polluted days. The findings indicate the importance of reducing PM(10) emission on extremely temperature days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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de Freitas CR, Grigorieva EA. The impact of acclimatization on thermophysiological strain for contrasting regional climates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014; 58:2129-37. [PMID: 24633499 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During acclimatization to heat and cold, the body experiences additional thermally induced physiological strain. The first signs show up in the respiratory organs because respiration is a continuous heat exchange process in which the body is in closest contact with the ambient air. There are no behavioral or other adjustments to prevent the ambient air from entering into the body's core area through the respiratory tract. The Acclimatization Thermal Strain Index (ATSI) describes the acclimatization thermal loading (ATL) on respiratory organs until full adaptation is achieved. The aim here is to further assess the ATSI scheme using a range of actual but contrasting bioclimatic conditions. To simulate ATL, scenarios of the consequences of acclimatization due to movement to or from five contrasting climates are used. The results show that adjusting to cold comes with greater physiological strain than adjusting to heat, the biggest impact occurring for a change of location from hot-humid to cold-dry climatic conditions. The approach can be used to assess risks due to increases in short-term thermal variability in weather conditions such as encountered during heat waves and cold snaps. The information could also be useful for assessing the need for public health services and measures that might be used to help mitigate impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R de Freitas
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
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Branco LG, Soriano RN, Steiner AA. Gaseous Mediators in Temperature Regulation. Compr Physiol 2014; 4:1301-38. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Manciocco A, Calamandrei G, Alleva E. Global warming and environmental contaminants in aquatic organisms: the need of the etho-toxicology approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 100:1-7. [PMID: 24480426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants are associated with a wide spectrum of pathological effects. Temperature increase affects ambient distribution and toxicity of these chemicals in the water environment, representing a potentially emerging problem for aquatic species with short-, medium- and long-term repercussions on human health through the food chain. We assessed peer-reviewed literature, including primary studies, review articles and organizational reports available. We focused on studies concerning toxicity of environmental pollutants within a global warming scenario. Existing knowledge on the effects that the increase of water temperature in a contaminated situation has on physiological mechanisms of aquatic organisms is presented. Altogether we consider the potential consequences for the human beings due to fish and shellfish consumption. Finally, we propose an etho-toxicological approach to study the effects of toxicants in conditions of thermal increase, using aquatic organisms as experimental models under laboratory controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Manciocco
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 16/b, 00197 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gemma Calamandrei
- Neurotoxicology and Neuroendocrinology Section, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Alleva
- Behavioural Neuroscience Section, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Yun SH, Moon YS, Sohn SH, Jang IS. Effects of cyclic heat stress or vitamin C supplementation during cyclic heat stress on HSP70, inflammatory cytokines, and the antioxidant defense system in Sprague Dawley rats. Exp Anim 2013; 61:543-53. [PMID: 23095818 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.61.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 21 male SD rats were divided into three groups to investigate the effects of consecutive cyclic heat stress or vitamin C under heat stress on heat shock protein (HSP) 70, inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant systems. The heat stress (HS) and vitamin C supplementation during heat stress (HS+VC) groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress (23 to 38 to 23°C) for 2 h on each of seven consecutive days. The HS+VC group had free access to water containing 0.5% vitamin C throughout the experiment. Hepatic HSP70 mRNA in the HS group was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the control (CON) or HS+VC group. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the HS group were greater (P<0.05) than those in the CON group. The HS+VC group showed significantly (P<0.05) lower mRNA levels of hepatic interleukin-6 and TNF-α than the HS group. However, thymic HSP70 and inflammatory cytokines were unaffected by treatments. In the hepatic antioxidant system, the mRNA and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were greater (P<0.05) in the HS than in the CON group, whereas the HS+VC group showed markedly (P<0.05) lower GPX mRNA and activity than the HS group. However, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and malondialdehyde were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, cyclic heat stress activated hepatic HSP70, TNF-α, iNOS, and GPX genes, whereas vitamin C during heat stress ameliorated heat stress-induced cellular responses in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyun Yun
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 150 Chilam-Dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
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Jiang JF, Wang YG, Hu J, Lei F, Kheir MM, Wang XP, Chai YS, Yuan ZY, Lu X, Xing DM, Du F, Du LJ. Novel effect of berberine on thermoregulation in mice model induced by hot and cold environmental stimulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54234. [PMID: 23335996 PMCID: PMC3545878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of berberine (BBR) on thermoregulation in mice exposed to hot (40°C) and cold (4°C) environmental conditions. Four groups of mice were assembled with three different dosages of BBR (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg) and normal saline (control). In room temperature, our largest dosage of BBR (0.8 mg/kg) can reduce rectal temperatures (Tc) of normal mice. In hot conditions, BBR can antagonize the increasing core body temperature and inhibit the expression of HSP70 and TNFα in mice; conversely, in cold conditions, BBR can antagonize the decreasing core body temperature and enhance the expression of TRPM8. This study demonstrates the dual ability of BBR in maintaining thermal balance, which is of great relevance to the regulation of HSP70, TNFα and TRPM8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fei Jiang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Gang Wang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Lei
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael M. Kheir
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xin-Pei Wang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shuang Chai
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Yuan
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ming Xing
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Li-Jun Du
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Bourbonnais R, Zayed J, Lévesque M, Busque MA, Duguay P, Truchon G. Identification of workers exposed concomitantly to heat stress and chemicals. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2013; 51:25-33. [PMID: 23411754 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2012-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, concomitant exposure to heat stress and chemicals takes on great importance. However, little information is available in this regard. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to develop an approach aimed at identifying worker groups that would be potentially most at risk. The approach comprises 5 consecutive steps: - Establishment of a list of occupations for all industry sectors - Determination of heat stress parameters - Identification of occupations at risk of heat stress - Determination of exposure to chemicals - Identification of occupations potentially most at risk. Overall, 1,010 occupations were selected due to their representativeness of employment sectors in Québec. Using a rating matrix, the risk stemming from exposure to heat stress was judged "critical" or "significant" for 257 occupations. Among these, 136 occupations were identified as showing a high potential of simultaneous exposure to heat stress and chemicals. Lastly, a consultation with thirteen experts made it possible to establish a list of 22 priority occupations, that is, 20 occupations in the metal manufacturing sector, as well as roofers and firefighters. These occupations would merit special attention for an investigation and evaluation of the potential effects on workers' health.
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Parrott AC. MDMA and temperature: a review of the thermal effects of 'Ecstasy' in humans. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 121:1-9. [PMID: 21924843 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To review the thermal effects of MDMA in humans, and discuss the practical implications. METHODS The literature on Ecstasy/MDMA, body temperature, and subjective thermal self-ratings was reviewed, and explanatory models for the changes in thermal homeostasis were examined and debated. RESULTS In human placebo-controlled laboratory studies, the effects of MDMA were dose related. Low doses had little effect, moderate doses increased body temperature by around +0.4°C, and higher doses caused a mean increase of +0.7°C. With Ecstasy/MDMA using dance clubbers, the findings showed greater variation, due possibly to uncontrolled factors such as physical activity, ambient temperature, and overcrowding. Some real world studies found average body temperature increases of over +1.0°C. Thermal homeostasis involves a balance between heat production and heat dissipation, and MDMA affects both aspects of this homeostatic equation. Cellular metabolic heat output is increased, and heat dissipation mechanisms are stressed, with the onset of sweating delayed. Subjective responses of 'feeling hot' or 'hot-cold flushes' are frequent, but can show individual variation. Some recreational users report that heat increases or reinstates the positive mood effects of Ecstasy/MDMA. The dangers of acute hyperthermia can include rare fatalities. It is unclear why moderate hyperthermia can occasionally progress to severe hyperpyrexia, although it may reflect a combination or cascade of events. In chronic terms, the bioenergetic stress model notes that the adverse psychobiological effects of MDMA are heightened by various co-stimulatory factors, including heat stress. CONCLUSIONS MDMA increases core body temperature and thermal stress in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Parrott
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
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Lucas AD, Lappalainen SK, Wray-Cahen D. Hyperthermia increases the cytotoxicity of many exogenous compounds. Biomed Instrum Technol 2009; 43:73-9. [PMID: 19215178 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-43.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity testing of extracts from medical device materials is typically conducted at 37 degrees C. It may be more relevant to screen extracts from device materials for in vitro cytotoxicity at temperatures found in febrile patients. To address this, the cytotoxicity of selected chemicals, drugs, and medical device extracts was evaluated in vitro following incubation at normothermic (37 degrees C) and hyperthermic (39 degrees C) conditions. In L929 cells, the percentage of cell death increased from 2-fold to more than 4-fold after chemical exposure when cells were maintained at 39 degrees C. Extracts of some medical devices and materials showed a 10-fold increase in cytotoxicity when cells were maintained at 39 degrees C as compared to 37 degrees C. For many of the substances in this study, exogenous compounds that are toxic at normothermic conditions (37 degrees C) are more cytotoxic under hyperthermic conditions (39 degrees C). The toxicity of compounds was more readily discernable at the higher incubation temperature, even at lower concentrations. In vitro cytotoxicity testing of chemicals and extracts at febrile temperatures can provide more sensitive and relevant biocompatibility tests than under normothermic conditions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D Lucas
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Device and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA.
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Liu F, Yin J, Du M, Yan P, Xu J, Zhu X, Yu J. Heat-stress-induced damage to porcine small intestinal epithelium associated with downregulation of epithelial growth factor signaling. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1941-9. [PMID: 19213704 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme heat during certain days of the summer renders pigs susceptible to severe heat stress, which negatively affects their growth performance. We hypothesized that such heat stress impaired the small intestinal mucosa, a site responsible for nutrient absorption. To simulate heat stress, Chinese experimental mini-pigs were treated with 5 h of continual 40 degrees C temperature each day for 10 d in succession. Pigs were killed at 1, 3, 6 and 10 d after treatment, and small intestinal epithelia were sampled for histochemical examination and biochemical analyses. The duodenum and jejunum were seriously damaged within 3 d of initiation of treatment. Subsequent study of the process of jejunum recovery showed that the initiation of recovery started within 6 d following heat stress. Such damage was associated with the downregulation of epithelial growth factor signaling. In conclusion, heat stress induced short-term damage to the epithelium of porcine intestine. Because the intestinal epithelium is crucial for nutrient uptake, such damage should partially account for the impairment of growth performance of pigs under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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