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Thoma T, Ma-Hock L, Schneider S, Honarvar N, Treumann S, Groeters S, Strauss V, Marxfeld H, Funk-Weyer D, Seiffert S, Wohlleben W, Dammann M, Wiench K, Lombaert N, Spirlet C, Vasquez M, Dewhurst N, Landsiedel R. Toxicological inhalation studies in rats to substantiate grouping of zinc oxide nanoforms. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38760761 PMCID: PMC11100124 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant variations exist in the forms of ZnO, making it impossible to test all forms in in vivo inhalation studies. Hence, grouping and read-across is a common approach under REACH to evaluate the toxicological profile of familiar substances. The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential role of dissolution, size, or coating in grouping ZnO (nano)forms for the purpose of hazard assessment. We performed a 90-day inhalation study (OECD test guideline no. (TG) 413) in rats combined with a reproduction/developmental (neuro)toxicity screening test (TG 421/424/426) with coated and uncoated ZnO nanoforms in comparison with microscale ZnO particles and soluble zinc sulfate. In addition, genotoxicity in the nasal cavity, lungs, liver, and bone marrow was examined via comet assay (TG 489) after 14-day inhalation exposure. RESULTS ZnO nanoparticles caused local toxicity in the respiratory tract. Systemic effects that were not related to the local irritation were not observed. There was no indication of impaired fertility, developmental toxicity, or developmental neurotoxicity. No indication for genotoxicity of any of the test substances was observed. Local effects were similar across the different ZnO test substances and were reversible after the end of the exposure. CONCLUSION With exception of local toxicity, this study could not confirm the occasional findings in some of the previous studies regarding the above-mentioned toxicological endpoints. The two representative ZnO nanoforms and the microscale particles showed similar local effects. The ZnO nanoforms most likely exhibit their effects by zinc ions as no particles could be detected after the end of the exposure, and exposure to rapidly soluble zinc sulfate had similar effects. Obviously, material differences between the ZnO particles do not substantially alter their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. The grouping of ZnO nanoforms into a set of similar nanoforms is justified by these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Steffen Schneider
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Naveed Honarvar
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Silke Treumann
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Sibylle Groeters
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Heike Marxfeld
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Svenja Seiffert
- BASF SE, Analytical and Material Science, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Analytical and Material Science, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Martina Dammann
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Karin Wiench
- BASF SE, Product Stewardship, Regulatory Toxicology Chemicals, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
- Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Meshanni JA, Lee JM, Vayas KN, Sun R, Jiang C, Guo GL, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Suppression of Lung Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis following Nitrogen Mustard Exposure by the Selective Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist Obeticholic Acid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:586-595. [PMID: 37188530 PMCID: PMC10801770 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a cytotoxic vesicant known to cause pulmonary injury that can progress to fibrosis. NM toxicity is associated with an influx of inflammatory macrophages in the lung. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor involved in bile acid and lipid homeostasis that has anti-inflammatory activity. In these studies, we analyzed the effects of FXR activation on lung injury, oxidative stress, and fibrosis induced by NM. Male Wistar rats were exposed to phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle control) or NM (0.125 mg/kg) by intratracheal Penncentury-MicroSprayer aerosolization; this was followed by treatment with the FXR synthetic agonist, obeticholic acid (OCA, 15 mg/kg), or vehicle control (0.13-0.18 g peanut butter) 2 hours later and then once per day, 5 days per week thereafter for 28 days. NM caused histopathological changes in the lung, including epithelial thickening, alveolar circularization, and pulmonary edema. Picrosirius red staining and lung hydroxyproline content were increased, indicative of fibrosis; foamy lipid-laden macrophages were also identified in the lung. This was associated with aberrations in pulmonary function, including increases in resistance and hysteresis. Following NM exposure, lung expression of HO-1 and iNOS, and the ratio of nitrates/nitrites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), markers of oxidative stress increased, along with BAL levels of inflammatory proteins, fibrinogen, and sRAGE. Administration of OCA attenuated NM-induced histopathology, oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered lung function. These findings demonstrate that FXR plays a role in limiting NM-induced lung injury and chronic disease, suggesting that activating FXR may represent an effective approach to limiting NM-induced toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this study, the role of farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) in mustard vesicant-induced pulmonary toxicity was analyzed using nitrogen mustard (NM) as a model. This study's findings that administration of obeticholic acid, an FXR agonist, to rats reduces NM-induced pulmonary injury, oxidative stress, and fibrosis provide novel mechanistic insights into vesicant toxicity, which may be useful in the development of efficacious therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclynn A Meshanni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jordan M Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Kinal N Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rachel Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chenghui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (J.A.M., J.M.L., K.N.V., R.S., C.J., G.L.G., A.J.G., D.L.L.) and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health (J.D.L.), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Sundar IK, Duraisamy SK, Choudhary I, Saini Y, Silveyra P. Acute and Repeated Ozone Exposures Differentially Affect Circadian Clock Gene Expression in Mice. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300045. [PMID: 37204107 PMCID: PMC10657336 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have an established role in regulating physiological processes, such as inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Ozone, a common environmental pollutant with strong oxidative potential, is implicated in lung inflammation/injury in asthmatics. However, whether O3 exposure affects the expression of circadian clock genes in the lungs is not known. In this study, changes in the expression of core clock genes are analyzed in the lungs of adult female and male mice exposed to filtered air (FA) or O3 using qRT-PCR. The findings are confirmed using an existing RNA-sequencing dataset from repeated FA- and O3 -exposed mouse lungs and validated by qRT-PCR. Acute O3 exposure significantly alters the expression of clock genes in the lungs of females (Per1, Cry1, and Rora) and males (Per1). RNA-seq data revealing sex-based differences in clock gene expression in the airway of males (decreased Nr1d1/Rev-erbα) and females (increased Skp1), parenchyma of females and males (decreased Nr1d1 and Fbxl3 and increased Bhlhe40 and Skp1), and alveolar macrophages of males (decreased Arntl/Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Prkab1, and Prkab2) and females (increased Cry2, Per1, Per2, Csnk1d, Csnk1e, Prkab2, and Fbxl3). These findings suggest that lung inflammation caused by O3 exposure affects clock genes which may regulate key signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Santhosh Kumar Duraisamy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ishita Choudhary
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Smith LC, Gow AJ, Abramova E, Vayas K, Guo C, Noto J, Lyman J, Rodriquez J, Gelfand-Titiyevskiy B, Malcolm C, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Role of PPARγ in dyslipidemia and altered pulmonary functioning in mice following ozone exposure. Toxicol Sci 2023; 194:109-119. [PMID: 37202362 PMCID: PMC10306402 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ozone causes decrements in pulmonary function, a response associated with alterations in lung lipids. Pulmonary lipid homeostasis is dependent on the activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor that regulates lipid uptake and catabolism by alveolar macrophages (AMs). Herein, we assessed the role of PPARγ in ozone-induced dyslipidemia and aberrant lung function in mice. Exposure of mice to ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) resulted in a significant reduction in lung hysteresivity at 72 h post exposure; this correlated with increases in levels of total phospholipids, specifically cholesteryl esters, ceramides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphorylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and di- and triacylglycerols in lung lining fluid. This was accompanied by a reduction in relative surfactant protein-B (SP-B) content, consistent with surfactant dysfunction. Administration of the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) reduced total lung lipids, increased relative amounts of SP-B, and normalized pulmonary function in ozone-exposed mice. This was associated with increases in lung macrophage expression of CD36, a scavenger receptor important in lipid uptake and a transcriptional target of PPARγ. These findings highlight the role of alveolar lipids as regulators of surfactant activity and pulmonary function following ozone exposure and suggest that targeting lipid uptake by lung macrophages may be an efficacious approach for treating altered respiratory mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ley Cody Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Elena Abramova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kinal Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jack Noto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jack Lyman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Benjamin Gelfand-Titiyevskiy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Callum Malcolm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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5
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Wu T, Li Z, Wei Y. Advances in understanding mechanisms underlying mitochondrial structure and function damage by ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160589. [PMID: 36462650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in eukaryotic cells. The integrity of mitochondrial structure and function determines cell destiny. Mitochondria are also the "energy factories of cells." The production of energy is accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Generally, the production and consumption of ROS maintains a balance in cells. Ozone is a highly oxidizing, harmful substance in ground-level atmosphere. Ozone inhalation causes oxidative injury owing to the generation of ROS, resulting in mitochondrial oxidative stress overload. Oxidative damage to the mitochondria induces a vicious cycle of ROS production which might destroy mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial structure and function in cells. ROS can alter the phosphorylation of various signaling molecules, triggering a series of downstream signaling pathway reactions. These include inflammatory responses, pyroptosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Changes involving these molecular mechanisms may be related to the occurrence of disease. According to numerous epidemiological investigations, ozone exposure induces respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous system diseases in humans. In addition, these systems require large quantities of energy. Hence, the mitochondrial damage caused by ozone may act as a bridge between human diseases. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved require further investigation. This review discusses our understanding of the structure and function of mitochondria the mechanisms underlying ozone-induced mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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Majumder N, Kodali V, Velayutham M, Goldsmith T, Amedro J, Khramtsov VV, Erdely A, Nurkiewicz TR, Harkema JR, Kelley EE, Hussain S. Aerosol physicochemical determinants of carbon black and ozone inhalation co-exposure induced pulmonary toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:61-78. [PMID: 36303316 PMCID: PMC9887725 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution accounts for more than 7 million premature deaths worldwide. Using ultrafine carbon black (CB) and ozone (O3) as a model for an environmental co-exposure scenario, the dose response relationships in acute pulmonary injury and inflammation were determined by generating, characterizing, and comparing stable concentrations of CB aerosols (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/m3), O3 (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 ppm) with mixture CB + O3 (2.5 + 0.5, 5.0 + 1.0, 10.0 + 2.0). C57BL6 male mice were exposed for 3 h by whole body inhalation and acute toxicity determined after 24 h. CB itself did not cause any alteration, however, a dose response in pulmonary injury/inflammation was observed with O3 and CB + O3. This increase in response with mixtures was not dependent on the uptake but was due to enhanced reactivity of the particles. Benchmark dose modeling showed several-fold increase in potency with CB + O3 compared with CB or O3 alone. Principal component analysis provided insight into response relationships between various doses and treatments. There was a significant correlation in lung responses with charge-based size distribution, total/alveolar deposition, oxidant generation, and antioxidant depletion potential. Lung tissue gene/protein response demonstrated distinct patterns that are better predicted by either particle dose/aerosol responses (interleukin-1β, keratinocyte chemoattractant, transforming growth factor beta) or particle reactivity (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-13, interleukin-6). Hierarchical clustering showed a distinct signature with high dose and a similarity in mRNA expression pattern of low and medium doses of CB + O3. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the biological outcomes from CB + O3 co-exposure are significantly greater than individual exposures over a range of aerosol concentrations and aerosol characteristics can predict biological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairrita Majumder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Vamsi Kodali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26508, USA
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Travis Goldsmith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Jessica Amedro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26508, USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26508, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26508, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26508, USA
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Taylor S, Murray A, Francis M, Abramova E, Guo C, Laskin DL, Gow AJ. Regulation of macrophage activation by S-Nitrosothiols following ozone-induced lung injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116281. [PMID: 36244437 PMCID: PMC10250783 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to ozone causes oxidative stress, characterized by increases in nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen species in the lung. NO has been shown to modify thiols generating S-nitrosothiols (SNOs); this results in altered protein function. In macrophages this can lead to changes in inflammatory activity which impact the resolution of inflammation. As SNO formation is dependent on the redox state of both the NO donor and the recipient thiol, the local microenvironment plays a key role in its regulation. This dictates not only the chemical feasibility of SNO formation but also mechanisms by which they may form. In these studies, we compared the ability of the SNO donors, ethyl nitrite (ENO), which targets both hydrophobic and hydrophilic thiols, SNO-propanamide (SNOPPM) which targets hydrophobic thiols, and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine. (SNAC) which targets hydrophilic thiols. to modify macrophage activation following ozone exposure. Mice were treated with air or ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) followed 1 h later by intranasal administration of ENO, SNOPPM or SNAC (1-500 μM) or appropriate controls. Mice were euthanized 48 h later. Each of the SNO donors reduced ozone-induced inflammation and modified the phenotype of macrophages both within the lung lining fluid and the tissue. ENO and SNOPPM were more effective than SNAC. These findings suggest that the hydrophobic SNO thiol pool targeted by SNOPPM and ENO plays a major role in regulating macrophage phenotype following ozone induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryse Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Alexa Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Mary Francis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Elena Abramova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
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8
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Nguyen J, Deering-Rice CE, Armstrong BS, Massa C, Reilly CA, Venosa A. Parenchymal and Inflammatory Cell Responses to Single and Repeated Ozone Exposure in Healthy and Surfactant Protein-C Mutant Lung. Toxicol Sci 2022; 189:107-123. [PMID: 35866636 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the alveolar epithelial-specific gene encoding for surfactant protein C (SP-C) are linked to pulmonary disease. Ozone (O3) is a ubiquitous pollutant known to exacerbate stress through oxidative injury and inflammation. To comprehend the structural, functional, and immunological impact of single and repeated O3 exposure, SP-CWT and SP-CI73T mice were exposed to air or O3 (0.8 ppm, 3 h, up to x4 consecutive days). O3 was associated with mitochondrial and autophagic activation (PINK1, LC3B, and p62), focal remodeling, and inflammation localized at the terminal bronchiole-to-alveolar junctions. Histological damage was exacerbated by repeated exposure. Single O3 challenge resulted in transient elastin fiber loss, while repeated exposure resulted in marked increases in elastance in SP-CI73T mice. Flow cytometric analysis revealed increases in classical monocyte and monocyte-derived macrophages recruitment in conditions of repeated exposure, which peaked earlier (24 h) in SP-CI73T mice. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed clustering of Arg-1+ and CD206+ activated cells within regions of remodeled lung. Lymphoid cell analysis identified CX3CR1-B220+ B cells accumulating after single (24/72 h). Repeated exposure produces a switch in the phenotype of these B cells CX3CR1+ (72 h) only in SP-CWT mice. SP-CI73T mutants also displayed depletion in NK1.1+NKp46+ NK cells in lung, as well as bone marrow, blood, and spleen. These results illustrate the cumulative impact of O3 on lung structure and function in healthy lung, and aberrant myeloid and lymphoid recruitment in SP-C mutants responding to challenge. Together, this work highlights the significance of modeling environmental exposure across the spectrum of genetic susceptibility, consistent with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brittnie S Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher Massa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah
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9
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Tian L, Li N, Li K, Tan Y, Han J, Lin B, Lai W, Liu H, Shi Y, Xi Z, Liu X. Ambient ozone exposure induces ROS related-mitophagy and pyroptosis via NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rat lung cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 240:113663. [PMID: 35642860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the regulatory relationship between ozone-induced mitophagy and pyroptosis in lung epithelial cells. RESULTS First, type I primary alveolar epithelial cells and male Wistar rats were treated with ozone at different dosages. The ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential significantly decreased in type I primary alveolar epithelial cells. The mitophagy-related markers and PINK1/Parkin pathway-related proteins, and the co-localization of LC3, Parkin, and mitochondria in type I alveolar epithelial cells indicated that ozone exposure triggered mitophagy. On the other hand, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor NAC could significantly alleviate mitophagy in epithelial cells. After treatment with the mitophagy inhibitor MDIVI-1, the levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome, cleaved caspase-1, and N-gasdermin D (N-GSDMD) significantly decreased in the cells. Altogether, these results indicated that mitophagy can be triggered by ozone exposure, and subsequently induces cell death mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, the overexpression and knockdown of NLRP3 confirmed this conclusion. CONCLUSION Ozone exposure induced oxidative damage, leading to mitochondrial structural and functional damage. Ozone-induced ROS triggered mitophagy through the activation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, then pyroptosis through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China; Binzhou Medical College, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Yizhe Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Jie Han
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Yue Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China; Binzhou Medical College, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No. 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300050, China.
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10
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Taucher E, Mykoliuk I, Lindenmann J, Smolle-Juettner FM. Implications of the Immune Landscape in COPD and Lung Cancer: Smoking Versus Other Causes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846605. [PMID: 35386685 PMCID: PMC8978964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is reported in about one third of adults worldwide. A strong relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as lung cancer has been proven. However, about 15% of lung cancer cases, and between one fourth and one third of COPD cases, occur in never-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoke on the innate as well as the adaptive immune system have been widely investigated. It is assumed that certain immunologic features contribute to lung cancer and COPD development in the absence of smoking as the major risk factor. In this article, we review different immunological aspects of lung cancer and COPD with a special focus on non-smoking related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Taucher
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iurii Mykoliuk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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11
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Abstract
Air pollution is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and with cell death at a cellular level. However, the exact mechanism of particulate matter-induced cell death remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present in vitro study using human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) was to determine the cell death pathway(s) induced by black carbon (BC) and ozone oxidized-black carbon (O-BC). BC and O-BC induced A549 cell death and the cytotoxic effect was dose-dependent. Cell death was significantly abrogated by inhibitor of receptor protein interacting kinase 1 (RIPK1) but only mildly inhibited by apoptosis inhibitor and RIPK3. BC- and O-BC-treated cells showed RIPK1 and RIPK3 protein overexpression and high phosphorylated levels of these proteins, as well as detectable levels of caspase-8 active form. BC- and O-BC-triggered cell death was also fully rescued in A549 cells that under-expressed RIPK1 with RIPK1 siRNA. Our results indicated that BC and O-BC could induce cell death through a multitude of pathways including apoptotic and necroptotic pathways and that RIPK1 is the upstream signal protein of these cell death pathways, with an important role in the regulation of BC-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyan Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Zhaojun Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Shiyong Zeng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Yuhui Ouyang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Affiliated with the Capital University of Medical Science
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12
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Golden TN, Venosa A, Gow AJ. Cell Origin and iNOS Function Are Critical to Macrophage Activation Following Acute Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:761496. [PMID: 35145401 PMCID: PMC8822172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the intratracheal bleomycin (ITB) model of acute lung injury (ALI), macrophages are recruited to the lung and participate in the inflammation and resolution that follows injury. Macrophage origin is influential in determining activation; however, the specific phenotype of recruited and resident macrophages is not known. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI; however, the effects of its inhibition are mixed. Here we examined how macrophage origin determines the phenotypic response to ALI. Further, we hypothesize cell specific iNOS is key to determining activation and recruitment. Using a chimeric mouse approach, we have identified recruited and resident macrophage populations. We also used the chimeric mouse approach to create either pulmonary or bone marrow NOS2-/- mice and systemically inhibited iNOS via 1400 W. We evaluated macrophage populations at the peak of inflammation (8 days) and the beginning of resolution (15 days) following ITB. These studies demonstrate tissue resident macrophages adopt a M2 phenotype specifically, but monocyte originated macrophages activate along a spectrum. Additionally, we demonstrated that monocyte originating macrophage derived iNOS is responsible for recruitment to the lung during the inflammatory phase. Further, we show that macrophage activation is dependent upon cellular origin. Finally, these studies suggest pulmonary derived iNOS is detrimental to the lung following ITB. In conclusion, macrophage origin is a key determinant in response to ALI and iNOS is central to recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea N. Golden
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States,*Correspondence: Andrew J Gow,
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13
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Tovar A, Crouse WL, Smith GJ, Thomas JM, Keith BP, McFadden KM, Moran TP, Furey TS, Kelada SNP. Integrative analysis reveals mouse strain-dependent responses to acute ozone exposure associated with airway macrophage transcriptional activity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L33-L49. [PMID: 34755540 PMCID: PMC8721896 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00237.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ozone (O3) exposure is associated with multiple adverse cardiorespiratory outcomes, the severity of which varies across individuals in human populations and inbred mouse strains. However, molecular determinants of response, including susceptibility biomarkers that distinguish who will develop severe injury and inflammation, are not well characterized. We and others have demonstrated that airway macrophages (AMs) are an important resident immune cell type that are functionally and transcriptionally responsive to O3 inhalation. Here, we sought to explore influences of strain, exposure, and strain-by-O3 exposure interactions on AM gene expression and identify transcriptional correlates of O3-induced inflammation and injury across six mouse strains, including five Collaborative Cross (CC) strains. We exposed adult mice of both sexes to filtered air (FA) or 2 ppm O3 for 3 h and measured inflammatory and injury parameters 21 h later. Mice exposed to O3 developed airway neutrophilia and lung injury with strain-dependent severity. In AMs, we identified a common core O3 transcriptional response signature across all strains, as well as a set of genes exhibiting strain-by-O3 exposure interactions. In particular, a prominent gene expression contrast emerged between a low- (CC017/Unc) and high-responding (CC003/Unc) strain, as reflected by cellular inflammation and injury. Further inspection indicated that differences in their baseline gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles likely contribute to their divergent post-O3 exposure transcriptional responses. Together, these results suggest that aspects of O3-induced respiratory responses are mediated through altered AM transcriptional signatures and further confirm the importance of gene-environment interactions in mediating differential responsiveness to environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Tovar
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wesley L Crouse
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph M Thomas
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin P Keith
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn M McFadden
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Timothy P Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Terrence S Furey
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samir N P Kelada
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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14
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Choudhary I, Vo T, Paudel K, Wen X, Gupta R, Kesimer M, Patial S, Saini Y. Vesicular and extravesicular protein analyses from the airspaces of ozone-exposed mice revealed signatures associated with mucoinflammatory lung disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23203. [PMID: 34853335 PMCID: PMC8636509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) harbors a variety of proteins that influence homeostatic and stress responses in the airspaces. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, contain many proteins that vary in abundance and composition based on the prevailing conditions. Ozone causes inflammatory responses in the airspaces of experimental animals and humans. However, the exosomal protein signatures contained within the ELF from ozone-exposed lung airspaces remain poorly characterized. To explore this, we hypothesized that ozone triggers the release of exosome-bound inflammatory proteins from various cells that reflect mucoobstructive lung disease. Accordingly, we repetitively exposed adult male and female C57BL/6 mice to HEPA-filtered air (air) or 0.8 ppm ozone (4 h per day) for 14 days (five consecutive days of exposure, 2 days of rest, five consecutive days of exposure, 2 days of rest, four consecutive days of exposure). Exosome-bound proteomic signatures, as well as the levels of soluble inflammatory mediators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), were determined 12-16 h after the last exposure. Principal component analyses of the exosome-bound proteome revealed a clear distinction between air-exposed and ozone-exposed mice, as well as between ozone-exposed males and ozone-exposed females. In addition to 575 proteins that were enriched in both sexes upon ozone exposure, 243 and 326 proteins were enriched uniquely in ozone-exposed males and females, respectively. Ingenuity pathway analyses on enriched proteins between ozone- and air-exposed mice revealed enrichment of pro-inflammatory pathways. More specifically, macrophage activation-related proteins were enriched in exosomes from ozone-exposed mice. Cytokine analyses on the BALF revealed elevated levels of G-CSF, KC, IP-10, IL-6, and IL-5 in ozone-exposed mice. Finally, the histopathological assessment revealed significantly enhanced intracellular localization of mucoinflammatory proteins including MUC5B and FIZZ1 in ozone-exposed mice in a cell-specific manner indicating the cellular sources of the proteins that are ferried in the exosomes upon ozone-induced lung injury. Collectively, this study identified exosomal, secretory, and cell-specific proteins and biological pathways following repetitive exposure of mice to ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Choudhary
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Thao Vo
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Kshitiz Paudel
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Xue Wen
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| | - Sonika Patial
- grid.64337.350000 0001 0662 7451Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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15
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Smith GJ, Tovar A, Kanke M, Wang Y, Deshane JS, Sethupathy P, Kelada SNP. Ozone-induced changes in the murine lung extracellular vesicle small RNA landscape. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15054. [PMID: 34558223 PMCID: PMC8461034 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to ozone (O3 ) causes adverse respiratory health effects that result from airway inflammation, a complex response mediated in part by changes to airway cellular transcriptional programs. These programs may be regulated by microRNAs transferred between cells (e.g., epithelial cells and macrophages) via extracellular vesicles (EV miRNA). To explore this, we exposed female C57BL/6J mice to filtered air (FA), 1, or 2 ppm O3 by inhalation and collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 21 h later for markers of airway inflammation, EVs, and EV miRNA. Both concentrations of O3 significantly increased markers of inflammation (neutrophils), injury (total protein), and the number of EV-sized particles in the BALF. Imagestream analysis indicated a substantial portion of particles was positive for canonical EV markers (CD81, CD51), and Siglec-F, a marker of alveolar macrophages. Using high-throughput small RNA sequencing, we identified several differentially expressed (DE) BALF EV miRNAs after 1 ppm (16 DE miRNAs) and 2 ppm (99 DE miRNAs) O3 versus FA exposure. O3 concentration-response patterns in EV miRNA expression were apparent, particularly for miR-2137, miR-126-3p, and miR-351-5p. Integrative analysis of EV miRNA expression and airway cellular mRNA expression identified EV miR-22-3p as a candidate regulator of transcriptomic responses to O3 in airway macrophages. In contrast, we did not identify candidate miRNA regulators of mRNA expression data from conducting airways (predominantly composed of epithelial cells). In summary, our data show that O3 exposure alters EV release and EV miRNA expression, suggesting that further investigation of EVs may provide insight into their effects on airway macrophage function and other mechanisms of O3 -induced respiratory inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adelaide Tovar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Samir N P Kelada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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16
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Thomas J, Stalker A, Breznan D, Thomson EM. Ozone-dependent increases in lung glucocorticoids and macrophage response: Effect modification by innate stress axis function. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103662. [PMID: 33878450 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable inter-individual variability exists in health effects associated with air pollutant exposure, underlying reasons remain unclear. We examined whether innate differences in stress axis function modify lung glucocorticoid and macrophage responses to ozone (O3). Highly-stress responsive Fischer (F344) and less responsive Lewis (LEW) rats were exposed for 4 h by nose-only inhalation to air or O3 (0.8 ppm). Ozone increased corticosterone recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage in both strains (F344 > LEW). Higher corticosterone in F344 was associated with a blunted response to O3 of macrophage pro-inflammatory genes compared to LEW. Pharmacological inhibition of O3-dependent corticosterone production in F344 enhanced the inflammatory gene response to O3, mimicking the LEW phenotype. Examination of potential impacts of glucocorticoids on macrophage function using a human monocyte-derived macrophage cell line (THP-1) showed that cortisol modified phagocytosis in a macrophage phenotype-dependent manner. Overall, our data implicate endogenous glucocorticoids in the regulation of pulmonary macrophage responses to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jith Thomas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Dalibor Breznan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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17
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Chirumbolo S, Valdenassi L, Simonetti V, Bertossi D, Ricevuti G, Franzini M, Pandolfi S. Insights on the mechanisms of action of ozone in the medical therapy against COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107777. [PMID: 34020394 PMCID: PMC8112288 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of reports in the literature is showing that medical ozone (O3) is used, with encouraging results, in treating COVID-19 patients, optimizing pain and symptoms relief, respiratory parameters, inflammatory and coagulation markers and the overall health status, so reducing significantly how much time patients underwent hospitalization and intensive care. To date, aside from mechanisms taking into account the ability of O3 to activate a rapid oxidative stress response, by up-regulating antioxidant and scavenging enzymes, no sound hypothesis was addressed to attempt a synopsis of how O3 should act on COVID-19. The knowledge on how O3 works on inflammation and thrombosis mechanisms is of the utmost importance to make physicians endowed with new guns against SARS-CoV2 pandemic. This review tries to address this issue, so to expand the debate in the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Luigi Valdenassi
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Simonetti
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Dario Bertossi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology Unit of Maxillo-Facial Surgery University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marianno Franzini
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sergio Pandolfi
- SIOOT, High School in Oxygen Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy; SIOOT INTERNATIONAL, Communian Clinic, Gorle Bergamo, Italy; Villa Mafalda Clinics via Monte delle Gioie, Rome, Italy
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18
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Migliaccio CT, Hamilton RF, Shaw PK, Rhoderick JF, Deb S, Bhargava R, Harkema JR, Holian A. Respiratory and systemic impacts following MWCNT inhalation in B6C3F1/N mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:16. [PMID: 33771183 PMCID: PMC7995731 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A very pure multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) that was shown to have very low toxicity in vitro, was evaluated for lung and systemic effects and distribution following inhalation exposure. Methods B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to varying doses (0, 0.06, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/m3) of the (99.1% carbon) MWCNT by inhalation for 30 days (excluding weekends). Ten days following the last exposure, the lungs and spleen were harvested and processed for histology and immune cell population assessment. In addition, lung lavage cells and fluid were analyzed. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) was used to identify particles in the lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, mediastinal and brachial lymph nodes, and olfactory bulb. Splenic tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for light microscopic histopathology assessment. Blood plasma was analyzed for cytokines and cathepsins. A section of the spleen was processed for RNA isolation and relative gene expression for 84 inflammation-related cytokines/chemokines. Results Following MWCNT exposure, particles were clearly evident in the lungs, spleens, lymph nodes and olfactory bulbs, (but not livers or kidneys) of exposed mice in a dose-dependent manner. Examination of the lavaged lung cells was unremarkable with no significant inflammation indicated at all particle doses. In contrast, histological examination of the spleen indicated the presence of apoptotic bodies within T cells regions of the white pulp area. Isolated splenic leukocytes had significant changes in various cells including an increased number of proinflammatory CD11b+Ly6C+ splenic cells. The gene expression studies confirmed this observation as several inflammation-related genes were upregulated particularly in the high dose exposure (0.6 mg/m3). Blood plasma evaluations showed a systemic down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and a dose-dependent up-regulation of lysosomal cathepsins. Conclusions The findings in the lungs were consistent with our hypothesis that this MWCNT exposure would result in minimal lung inflammation and injury. However, the low toxicity of the MWCNT to lung macrophages may have contributed to enhanced migration of the MWCNT to the spleen through the lymph nodes, resulting in splenic toxicity and systemic changes in inflammatory mediators. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00408-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Migliaccio
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Raymond F Hamilton
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Pamela K Shaw
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Joseph F Rhoderick
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alabama Analytical Research Center, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
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Choudhary I, Vo T, Paudel K, Patial S, Saini Y. Compartment-specific transcriptomics of ozone-exposed murine lungs reveals sex- and cell type-associated perturbations relevant to mucoinflammatory lung diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L99-L125. [PMID: 33026818 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00381.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone is known to cause lung injury, and resident cells of the respiratory tract (i.e., epithelial cells and macrophages) respond to inhaled ozone in a variety of ways that affect their survival, morphology, and functioning. However, a complete understanding of the sex-associated and the cell type-specific gene expression changes in response to ozone exposure is still limited. Through transcriptome profiling, we aimed to analyze gene expression alterations and associated enrichment of biological pathways in three distinct cell type-enriched compartments of ozone-exposed murine lungs. We subchronically exposed adult male and female mice to 0.8 ppm ozone or filtered air. RNA-Seq was performed on airway epithelium-enriched airways, parenchyma, and purified airspace macrophages. Differential gene expression and biological pathway analyses were performed and supported by cellular and immunohistochemical analyses. While a majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ozone-exposed versus air-exposed groups were common between both sexes, sex-specific DEGs were also identified in all of the three tissue compartments. As compared with ozone-exposed males, ozone-exposed females had significant alterations in gene expression in three compartments. Pathways relevant to cell division and DNA repair were enriched in the ozone-exposed airways, indicating ozone-induced airway injury and repair, which was further supported by immunohistochemical analyses. In addition to cell division and DNA repair pathways, inflammatory pathways were also enriched within the parenchyma, supporting contribution by both epithelial and immune cells. Further, immune response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were enriched in macrophages, indicating ozone-induced macrophage activation. Finally, our analyses also revealed the overall upregulation of mucoinflammation- and mucous cell metaplasia-associated pathways following ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Choudhary
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Thao Vo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Kshitiz Paudel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Sonika Patial
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Xu HN, Lin Z, Gandhi CK, Amatya S, Wang Y, Li LZ, Floros J. Sex and SP-A2 Dependent NAD(H) Redox Alterations in Mouse Alveolar Macrophages in Response to Ozone Exposure: Potential Implications for COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100915. [PMID: 32992843 PMCID: PMC7601279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) redox plays a key role in macrophage function. Surfactant protein (SP-) A modulates the functions of alveolar macrophages (AM) and ozone (O3) exposure in the presence or absence of SP-A and reduces mouse survival in a sex-dependent manner. It is unclear whether and how NAD(H) redox status plays a role in the innate immune response in a sex-dependent manner. We investigated the NAD(H) redox status of AM from SP-A2 and SP-A knockout (KO) mice in response to O3 or filtered air (control) exposure using optical redox imaging technique. We found: (i) In SP-A2 mice, the redox alteration of AM in response to O3 showed sex-dependence with AM from males being significantly more oxidized and having a higher level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species than females; (ii) AM from KO mice were more oxidized after O3 exposure and showed no sex differences; (iii) AM from female KO mice were more oxidized than female SP-A2 mice; and (iv) Two distinct subpopulations characterized by size and redox status were observed in a mouse AM sample. In conclusions, the NAD(H) redox balance in AM responds to O3 in a sex-dependent manner and the innate immune molecule, SP-A2, contributes to this observed sex-specific redox response.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N. Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenwu Lin
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chintan K. Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shaili Amatya
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.K.G.); (S.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lin Z. Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.N.X.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Departments of Pediatric and Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Z.L.); (J.F.)
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Patial S, Saini Y. Lung macrophages: current understanding of their roles in Ozone-induced lung diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:310-323. [PMID: 32458707 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1762537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), the Clean Air Act of the United States outlines acceptable levels of six different air pollutants considered harmful to humans and the environment. Included in this list is ozone (O3), a highly reactive oxidant gas, respiratory health hazard, and common environmental air pollutant at ground level. The respiratory health effects due to O3 exposure are often associated with molecular and cellular perturbations in the respiratory tract. Periodic review of NAAQS requires comprehensive scientific evaluation of the public health effects of these pollutants, which is formulated through integrated science assessment (ISA) of the most policy-relevant scientific literature. This review focuses on the protective and pathogenic effects of macrophages in the O3-exposed respiratory tract, with emphasis on mouse model-based toxicological studies. Critical findings from 39 studies containing the words O3, macrophage, mice, and lung within the full text were assessed. While some of these studies highlight the presence of disease-relevant pathogenic macrophages in the airspaces, others emphasize a protective role for macrophages in O3-induced lung diseases. Moreover, a comprehensive list of currently known macrophage-specific roles in O3-induced lung diseases is included in this review and the significant knowledge gaps that still exist in the field are outlined. In conclusion, there is a vital need in this field for additional policy-relevant scientific information, including mechanistic studies to further define the role of macrophages in response to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Patial
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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22
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Tovar A, Smith GJ, Thomas JM, Crouse WL, Harkema JR, Kelada SNP. Transcriptional Profiling of the Murine Airway Response to Acute Ozone Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:114-130. [PMID: 31626304 PMCID: PMC6944221 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient ozone (O3) exposure has serious consequences on respiratory health, including airway inflammation and injury. Decades of research have yielded thorough descriptions of these outcomes; however, less is known about the molecular processes that drive them. The aim of this study was to further describe the cellular and molecular responses to O3 exposure in murine airways, with a particular focus on transcriptional responses in 2 critical pulmonary tissue compartments: conducting airways (CA) and airway macrophages (AM). After exposing adult, female C57BL/6J mice to filtered air, 1 or 2 ppm O3, we assessed hallmark responses including airway inflammation (cell counts and cytokine secretion) and injury (epithelial permeability), followed by gene expression profiling of CA and AM by RNA-seq. As expected, we observed concentration-dependent increases in airway inflammation and injury. Conducting airways and AM both exhibited changes in gene expression to both 1 and 2 ppm O3 that were largely compartment-specific. In CA, genes associated with epithelial barrier function, detoxification processes, and cellular proliferation were altered, while O3 affected genes involved in innate immune signaling, cytokine production, and extracellular matrix remodeling in AM. Further, CA and AM also exhibited notable differences in concentration-response expression patterns for large numbers of genes. Overall, our study has described transcriptional responses to acute O3 exposure, revealing both shared and unique gene expression patterns across multiple concentrations of O3 and in 2 important O3-responsive tissues. These profiles provide broad mechanistic insight into pulmonary O3 toxicity, and reveal a variety of targets for focused follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Tovar
- Department of Genetics
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Department of Genetics
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
| | | | - Wesley L Crouse
- Department of Genetics
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathology & Diagnostic Investigation and Institute for Integrated Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Samir N P Kelada
- Department of Genetics
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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23
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Sehsah R, Wu W, Ichihara S, Hashimoto N, Hasegawa Y, Zong C, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Elsayed AA, El-Bestar S, Kamel E, Ichihara G. Role of Nrf2 in inflammatory response in lung of mice exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 31842927 PMCID: PMC6915997 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely used in many industrial sectors and previous studies have reported that exposure of the lungs to ZnO-NPs induces both acute and/or chronic pulmonary inflammation, but the exact mechanism underlying such response remains elusive. This study investigated the role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in pulmonary inflammation induced by exposure to ZnO-NPs using Nrf2 null (Nrf2−/−) mice. Methods Twenty-four male Nrf2−/− mice and thirty male wild type C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups of eight and ten each respectively, and exposed once to ZnO-NPs at 0, 10, 30 μg/mouse by pharyngeal aspiration. At 14 days after the exposure to ZnO-NPs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected to quantify protein level and the number of inflammatory cells. The mRNA levels of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue were measured. Results Exposure to ZnO-NPs dose-dependently increased the number of total cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils in BALF both in Nrf2−/− mice and wild type mice, but the magnitude of increase was significantly higher in Nrf2−/− mice than wild type mice. The number of neutrophils in BALF increased in Nrf2−/− mice, being accompanied by marginal trend of increase in mRNA expression of MIP-2, neutrophil chemoattractant, but such changes were not observed in wild type mice. Exposure to ZnO-NPs did not dose-dependently increase mRNA level of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes both in Nrf2−/− mice and wild type mice. Conclusion Pharyngeal aspiration of ZnO-NPs induced infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung of mice, but minimally induced Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes. The results suggest that Nrf2 play a role in negative regulation on ZnO-NP exposure-induced neutrophil migration, but does not demonstrate that the regulation is through suppression of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Sehsah
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ahmed Ali Elsayed
- Department of Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Soheir El-Bestar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Emily Kamel
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
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24
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Osgood RS, Kasahara DI, Tashiro H, Cho Y, Shore SA. Androgens augment pulmonary responses to ozone in mice. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14214. [PMID: 31544355 PMCID: PMC6755142 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone causes airway hyperresponsiveness, a defining feature of asthma, and is an asthma trigger. In mice, ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is greater in males than in females, suggesting a role for sex hormones in the response to ozone. To examine the role of androgens in these sex differences, we castrated 4-week-old mice. Controls underwent sham surgery. At 8 weeks of age, mice were exposed to ozone (2ppm, 3 h) or room air. Twenty-four hours later, mice were anesthetized and measurements of airway responsiveness to inhaled aerosolized methacholine were made. Mice were then euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Castration attenuated ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced bronchoalveolar lavage cells. In intact males, flutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, had similar effects to castration. Bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of several cytokines were reduced by either castration or flutamide treatment, but only IL-1α was reduced by both castration and flutamide. Furthermore, an anti-IL-1α antibody reduced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils in intact males, although it did not alter ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data indicate that androgens augment pulmonary responses to ozone and that IL-1α may contribute to the effects of androgens on ozone-induced cellular inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross S. Osgood
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - David I. Kasahara
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Hiroki Tashiro
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
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Mumby S, Chung KF, Adcock IM. Transcriptional Effects of Ozone and Impact on Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1610. [PMID: 31354743 PMCID: PMC6635463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and challenge studies in healthy subjects and in individuals with asthma highlight the health impact of environmental ozone even at levels considered safe. Acute ozone exposure in man results in sputum neutrophilia in 30% of subjects particularly young children, females, and those with ongoing cardiopulmonary disease. This may be associated with systemic inflammation although not in all cases. Chronic exposure amplifies these effects and can result in the formation of asthma-like symptoms and immunopathology. Asthmatic patients who respond to ozone (responders) induce a greater number of genes in bronchoalveolar (BAL) macrophages than healthy responders with up-regulation of inflammatory and immune pathways under the control of cytokines and chemokines and the enhanced expression of remodeling and repair programmes including those associated with protease imbalances and cell-cell adhesion. These pathways are under the control of several key transcription regulatory factors including nuclear factor (NF)-κB, anti-oxidant factors such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 NRF2, the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and priming of the immune system by up-regulating toll-like receptor (TLR) expression. Murine and cellular models of acute and chronic ozone exposure recapitulate the inflammatory effects seen in humans and enable the elucidation of key transcriptional pathways. These studies emphasize the importance of distinct transcriptional networks in driving the detrimental effects of ozone. Studies indicate the critical role of mediators including IL-1, IL-17, and IL-33 in driving ozone effects on airway inflammation, remodeling and hyperresponsiveness. Transcription analysis and proof of mechanisms studies will enable the development of drugs to ameliorate the effects of ozone exposure in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mumby
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Liposomal Curcumin is Better than Curcumin to Alleviate Complications in Experimental Diabetic Mellitus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050846. [PMID: 30818888 PMCID: PMC6429477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CC) is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties and has already been tested for its efficiency in different diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM). New formulations and route administration were designed to obtain products with higher bioavailability. Our study aimed to test the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of liposomal curcumin (lCC) as pre-treatment in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DM in rats on oxidative stress, liver, and pancreatic functional parameters. Forty-two Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into six groups (seven animals/group): control (no diabetes), control-STZ (STZ-induced DM —60 mg/100g body weight a single dose intraperitoneal administration, and no CC pre-treatment), two groups with DM and CC pre-treatment (1mg/100g bw—STZ + CC1, 2 mg/100g bw—STZ + CC2), and two groups with DM and lCC pre-treatment (1 mg/100g bw—STZ + lCC1, 2 mg/100g bw—STZ + lCC1). Intraperitoneal administration of Curcumin in diabetic rats showed a significant reduction of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, total oxidative stress, and catalase for both evaluated formulations (CC and lCC) compared to control group (p < 0.005), with higher efficacy of lCC formulation compared to CC solution (p < 0.002, excepting catalase for STZ + CC2vs. STZ + lCC1when p = 0.0845). The CC and lCC showed hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effects, a decrease in oxidative stress and improvement in anti-oxidative capacity status against STZ-induced DM in rats (p < 0.002). The lCC also proved better efficacy on MMP-2, and -9 plasma levels as compared to CC (p < 0.003, excepting STZ + CC2 vs. STZ + lCC1 comparison with p = 0.0553). The lCC demonstrated significantly better efficacy as compared to curcumin solution on all serum levels of the investigated markers, sustaining its possible use as adjuvant therapy in DM.
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Wang Z, Zhang A, Meng W, Wang T, Li D, Liu Z, Liu H. Ozone protects the rat lung from ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating NLRP3-mediated inflammation, enhancing Nrf2 antioxidant activity and inhibiting apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 835:82-93. [PMID: 30075224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of lung dysfunction during cardiovascular surgery, heart transplantation and cardiopulmonary bypass procedures, and the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis play key and allegedly maladaptive roles in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to initially elucidate whether ozone induces oxidative preconditioning by activating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and secondly to determine whether ozone oxidative preconditioning (OzoneOP) protects the lung from IRI by attenuating nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammation, enhancing the antioxidant activity of Nrf2 and inhibiting apoptosis. Rats treated with or without OzoneOP (2 ml containing 100 µg/kg/day) were subjected to 1 h of lung ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion for 10 days. Lung damage, antioxidant capacity, inflammation and apoptosis were evaluated and compared among different groups after reperfusion. OzoneOP significantly ameliorated changes in lung morphology and protected the lung from IRI by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation-induced injury and lung apoptosis. Moreover, OzoneOP increased the expression of Nrf2 and decreased the levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), un-cleavable cysteine-requiring aspartate protease-1 (procaspase-1), cysteine-requiring aspartate protease-1 (caspase-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the rat lungs. In summary, these results provide new insights into the molecular events modulated by ozone and suggest that ozone therapy may be an integrative support for patients with lung IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Bureau, 235 Hashuang Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150088, China
| | - Weixin Meng
- Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zonghong Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
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Ji J, Upadhyay S, Xiong X, Malmlöf M, Sandström T, Gerde P, Palmberg L. Multi-cellular human bronchial models exposed to diesel exhaust particles: assessment of inflammation, oxidative stress and macrophage polarization. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:19. [PMID: 29716632 PMCID: PMC5930819 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are a major component of outdoor air pollution. DEP mediated pulmonary effects are plausibly linked to inflammatory and oxidative stress response in which macrophages (MQ), epithelial cells and their cell-cell interaction plays a crucial role. Therefore, in this study we aimed at studying the cellular crosstalk between airway epithelial cells with MQ and MQ polarization following exposure to aerosolized DEP by assessing inflammation, oxidative stress, and MQ polarization response markers. Method Lung mucosa models including primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) were co-cultured without (PBEC-ALI) and with MQ (PBEC-ALI/MQ). Cells were exposed to 12.7 μg/cm2 aerosolized DEP using XposeALI®. Control (sham) models were exposed to clean air. Cell viability was assessed. CXCL8 and IL-6 were measured in the basal medium by ELISA. The mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (CXCL8, IL6, TNFα), oxidative stress (NFKB, HMOX1, GPx) and MQ polarization markers (IL10, IL4, IL13, MRC1, MRC2 RETNLA, IL12 andIL23) were measured by qRT-PCR. The surface/mRNA expression of TLR2/TLR4 was detected by FACS and qRT-PCR. Results In PBEC-ALI exposure to DEP significantly increased the secretion of CXCL8, mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (CXCL8, TNFα) and oxidative stress markers (NFKB, HMOX1, GPx). However, mRNA expressions of these markers (CXCL8, IL6, NFKB, and HMOX1) were reduced in PBEC-ALI/MQ models after DEP exposure. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression increased after DEP exposure in PBEC-ALI. The surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on PBEC was significantly reduced in sham-exposed PBEC-ALI/MQ compared to PBEC-ALI. After DEP exposure surface expression of TLR2 was increased on PBEC of PBEC-ALI/MQ, while TLR4 was decreased in both models. DEP exposure resulted in similar expression pattern of TLR2/TLR4 on MQ as in PBEC. In PBEC-ALI/MQ, DEP exposure increased the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage markers (IL10, IL4, IL13, MRC1, MRC2). Conclusion The cellular interaction of PBEC with MQ in response to DEP plays a pivotal role for MQ phenotypic alteration towards M2-subtypes, thereby promoting an efficient resolution of the inflammation. Furthermore, this study highlighted the fact that cell–cell interaction using multicellular ALI-models combined with an in vivo-like inhalation exposure system is critical in better mimicking the airway physiology compared with traditional cell culture systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0256-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Swapna Upadhyay
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiaomiao Xiong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Malmlöf
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Gerde
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mirowsky JE, Dailey LA, Devlin RB. Differential expression of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators induced by nitrogen dioxide and ozone in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 28:374-82. [PMID: 27206323 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1185199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT NO2 and O3 are ubiquitous air toxicants capable of inducing lung damage to the respiratory epithelium. Due to their oxidizing capabilities, these pollutants have been proposed to target specific biological pathways, but few publications have compared the pathways activated. OBJECTIVE This work will test the premise that NO2 and O3 induce toxicity by activating similar cellular pathways. METHODS Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs, n = 3 donors) were exposed for 2 h at an air-liquid interface to 3 ppm NO2, 0.75 ppm O3, or filtered air and harvested 1 h post-exposure. To give an overview of pathways that may be influenced by each exposure, gene expression was measured using PCR arrays for toxicity and oxidative stress. Based on the results, genes were selected to quantify whether expression changes were changed in a dose- and time-response manner using NO2 (1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm), O3 (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00 ppm), or filtered air and harvesting 0, 1, 4 and 24 h post-exposure. RESULTS Using the arrays, genes related to oxidative stress were highly induced with NO2 while expression of pro-inflammatory and vascular function genes was found subsequent to O3. NO2 elicited the greatest HMOX1 response, whereas O3 more greatly induced IL-6, IL-8 and PTGS2 expression. Additionally, O3 elicited a greater response 1 h post-exposure and NO2 produced a maximal response after 4 h. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that these two oxidant gases stimulate differing mechanistic responses in vitro and these responses occur at dissimilar times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Mirowsky
- a Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA .,b Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- c Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- c Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Basu S, Kadiiska MB. Ozone exposure effect on systemic prostaglandin F 2α in rat plasma and urine may not reveal pulmonary damage through inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:79-83. [PMID: 29031399 PMCID: PMC5859568 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acute ozone induced lung injury model has been widely used to explore injury and repair processes induced by oxidant overload. The current study evaluated acute ozone exposure effects on prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in male Fischer rat plasma and urine with the hypothesis that ozone may induce an inflammatory response in the body that can be measured by the induction of PGF2α. That might then lead to the identification of potential marker for acute lung injury through systemic inflammation. The time and dose-dependent effects of ozone exposure on the plasma and urinary levels of a major PGF2α metabolite15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α were determined using a radioimmunoassay. No statistically significant differences in the PGF2α metabolite were found between the control and the experimental groups at either ozone exposure dose (2ppm and 5ppm) or any time point (2h, 7h and 16h) post exposure for plasma and at 7 different post exposure time points (between 2 and 80h) for urine. It is concluded that acute ozone exposure does not cause changes in plasma and urinary PGF2α, and therefore their measurement in plasma and urine may not be used to reveal pulmonary inflammation and damage by ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Clermont Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Maria B Kadiiska
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Francis M, Groves AM, Sun R, Cervelli JA, Choi H, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Editor's Highlight: CCR2 Regulates Inflammatory Cell Accumulation in the Lung and Tissue Injury following Ozone Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:474-484. [PMID: 27837169 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone-induced lung injury is associated with an accumulation of activated macrophages in the lung. Chemokine receptor CCR2 mediates the migration of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages to sites of tissue injury. It is also required for monocyte egress from the bone marrow. In the present studies, we analyzed the role of CCR2 in inflammatory cell trafficking to the lung in response to ozone. Treatment of mice with ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) resulted in increases in proinflammatory CCR2+ macrophages in the lung at 24 h, as well as proinflammatory CD11b + Ly6CHi and iNOS+ macrophages at 24 and 48 h. Mannose receptor+ anti-inflammatory macrophages were also observed in the lung 24 and 48 h post-ozone. Loss of CCR2 was associated with reduced numbers of proinflammatory macrophages in the lung and decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNFα. Decreases in anti-inflammatory CD11b + Ly6CLo macrophages were also observed in lungs of CCR2-/- mice treated with ozone, whereas mannose receptor+ macrophage accumulation was delayed; conversely, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 were upregulated. Changes in lung macrophage subpopulations and inflammatory gene expression in CCR2-/- mice were correlated with reduced ozone toxicity and oxidative stress, as measured by decreases in bronchoalveolar lavage protein content and reduced lung expression of heme-oxygenase-1, 4-hydroxynonenal and cytochrome b5. These data demonstrate that CCR2 plays a role in both pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage accumulation in the lung following ozone exposure. The fact that ozone-induced lung injury and oxidative stress are reduced in CCR2-/- mice suggests more prominent effects on proinflammatory macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Francis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Angela M Groves
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Richard Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jessica A Cervelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Hyejeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854;
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Francis M, Sun R, Cervelli JA, Choi H, Mandal M, Abramova EV, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Editor's Highlight: Role of Spleen-Derived Macrophages in Ozone-Induced Lung Inflammation and Injury. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:182-195. [PMID: 27708193 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and inflammatory mediators have been implicated in ozone toxicity. In these studies, we used splenectomized (SPX) mice to assess the contribution of splenic monocytes to pulmonary inflammation and injury induced by ozone. Cells and tissue were collected 24-72 h after exposure of mice to air or ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h). Following ozone exposure, increased numbers of pro-inflammatory CD11b + Ly6CHi and anti-inflammatory CD11b + Ly6CLo monocytes were observed in spleens of control (CTL) mice. CD11b + Ly6CHi and MMP-9+ pro-inflammatory macrophages were also observed in lungs of CTL mice after ozone, along with CD11b + Ly6CLo and mannose receptor (MR)+ anti-inflammatory macrophages. This was accompanied by increased lung expression of proteins involved in monocyte/macrophage trafficking including CCL3, CCL4, CCR1, and AT1R. Splenectomy resulted in decreases in pro-inflammatory macrophages in the lung and down regulation of CCR2, CCL2, and CCL4, but increases in CD11b + Ly6CLo anti-inflammatory macrophages. CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+ granulocytic (G)- and monocytic (M)-myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC)s were also detected in the lungs and spleens of CTL mice; these increased after ozone exposure. Splenectomy was associated with a decrease in G-MDSCs in the lung, with no effect on M-MDSCs. Changes in lung macrophage subpopulations and MDSCs in SPX mice were correlated with reduced ozone toxicity, as measured by decreases in bronchoalveolar lavage protein content and reduced 4-hydroxynonenal expression in the lung. These data suggest that the spleen is a source of pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic macrophages that contribute to ozone-induced lung injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Francis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Richard Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jessica A Cervelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Hyejeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mili Mandal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Elena V Abramova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey;
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Role of Macrophage (M1 and M2) in Titanium-Dioxide Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Rat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1257-1275. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wei Z, Yan L, Chen Y, Bao C, Deng J, Deng J. Mangiferin inhibits macrophage classical activation via downregulating interferon regulatory factor 5 expression. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1091-8. [PMID: 27277156 PMCID: PMC4940072 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol and the predominant effective component of Mangifera indica Linn. leaves. For hundreds of years, Mangifera indica Linn. leaf has been used as an ingredient in numerous traditional Chinese medicine preparations for the treatment of bronchitis. However, the pharmacological mechanism of mangiferin in the treatment of bronchitis remains to be elucidated. Macrophage classical activation is important role in the process of bronchial airway inflammation, and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has been identified as a key regulatory factor for macrophage classical activation. The present study used the THP-1 human monocyte cell line to investigate whether mangiferin inhibits macrophage classical activation via suppressing IRF5 expression in vitro. THP-1 cells were differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Macrophages were polarized to M1 macrophages following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Flow cytometric analysis was conducted to detect the M1 macrophages. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate cellular IRF5 gene expression. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines and IRF5 were assessed following cell culture and cellular homogenization using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IRF5 protein and nuclei co-localization was performed in macrophages with laser scanning confocal microscope immunofluorescence analysis. The results of the present study demonstrated that mangiferin significantly inhibits LPS/IFN-γ stimulation-induced classical activation of macrophages in vitro and markedly decreases proinflammatory cytokine release. In addition, cellular IRF5 expression was markedly downregulated. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of mangiferin on classical activation of macrophages may be exerted via downregulation of cellular IRF5 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Wei
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Laboratory of Basis and Application Research of Zhuang Medicine Formulas, Zhuang Medicine College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhong Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruikang Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530012, P.R. China
| | - Jing Deng
- Dana‑Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
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Rojo de la Vega M, Dodson M, Gross C, Mansour HM, Lantz RC, Chapman E, Wang T, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Zhang DD. Role of Nrf2 and Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:91-101. [PMID: 27313980 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the clinical manifestations of severe lung damage and respiratory failure. Characterized by severe inflammation and compromised lung function, ALI/ARDS result in very high mortality of affected individuals. Currently, there are no effective treatments for ALI/ARDS, and ironically, therapies intended to aid patients (specifically mechanical ventilation, MV) may aggravate the symptoms. Key events contributing to the development of ALI/ARDS are: increased oxidative and proteotoxic stresses, unresolved inflammation, and compromised alveolar-capillary barrier function. Since the airways and lung tissues are constantly exposed to gaseous oxygen and airborne toxicants, the bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells are under higher oxidative stress than other tissues. Cellular protection against oxidative stress and xenobiotics is mainly conferred by Nrf2, a transcription factor that promotes the expression of genes that regulate oxidative stress, xenobiotic metabolism and excretion, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and cellular bioenergetics. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of Nrf2 activation in the protection against ALI/ARDS, as pharmacological activation of Nrf2 prevents the occurrence or mitigates the severity of ALI/ARDS. Another promising new therapeutic strategy in the prevention and treatment of ALI/ARDS is the activation of autophagy, a bulk protein and organelle degradation pathway. In this review, we will discuss the strategy of concerted activation of Nrf2 and autophagy as a preventive and therapeutic intervention to ameliorate ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christine Gross
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Heidi M Mansour
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Clark Lantz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Ren J, Li B, Yu D, Liu J, Ma Z. Approaches to prevent the patients with chronic airway diseases from exacerbation in the haze weather. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E1-7. [PMID: 26904232 PMCID: PMC4740153 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Haze weather is becoming one of the biggest problems in many big cities in China. It triggers both public anxiety and official concerns. Particulate matter (PM) plays the most important role in causing the adverse health effects. Chemical composition of PM2.5 includes primary particles and secondary particles. The toxicological mechanisms of PM2.5 to the human body include the oxidative stress, inflammation and carcinogenesis. Short or long-term exposure to PM (especially PM2.5) can cause a series of symptoms including respiratory symptoms such as cough, wheezing and dyspnea as well as other symptoms. There are positive associations between PM2.5 and mortality due to a number of causes. PM2.5 is considered to contribute to the onset of asthma, the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in haze weather. Some approaches including outdoor health care, indoor health care and preventive medications can prevent the patients with chronic airway diseases from exacerbations.
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Deutsch G, Muralidhar A, Le E, Borbon IA, Erickson RP. Extensive macrophage accumulation in young and old Niemann-Pick C1 model mice involves the alternative, M2, activation pathway and inhibition of macrophage apoptosis. Gene 2015; 578:242-50. [PMID: 26707209 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the pathophysiology of lung disease which occurs in two mouse models of Niemann-Pick C1 disease. We utilized Npc1(-/-) mice transgenic for normal gene expression in glia or neurons and glia at ages several fold the usual and a mouse model of the juvenile form of NPC1, a point mutation, at one age to confirm some findings. Lung weights, as per cent of body weight, increase much more than liver and spleen weights. Although pulmonary function parameters only vary for hysteresis between young and older Npc1(-/-) mice, they are markedly different than those found in normal control mice. Cholesterol accumulation continued in the older mice but sphingosine-1-phosphate was not increased. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed a massive increase (26×) in the number of macrophages. Histologic examination from the older, transgenic Npc1(-/-) mice showed small foci of alveolar proteinosis and evidence of hemorrhage, as well as dense macrophage accumulation. A large subset of macrophages was immunopositive for Fizz1 or arginase-1, markers of the alternative activation pathway, while no Fizz1 or arginase-1 positive macrophages were found in wild-type mice. The percentage of marker positive macrophages was relatively stable at 5-10% at various ages and within the 2 transgenic models. Phosphohistone H3 and Ki67 showed low levels of proliferation of these macrophages. Apoptosis was prominent within lung capillary endothelial cells, but limited within macrophages. Thus, activation of the alternative pathway is involved in Niemann-Pick C1 associated pulmonary macrophage accumulation, with low proliferation of these cells balanced by low levels of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Deutsch
- Dept. of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105-0371, United States
| | - Akshay Muralidhar
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of AZ Health Sci. Ctr., Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, United States
| | - Ellen Le
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of AZ Health Sci. Ctr., Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, United States
| | - Ivan A Borbon
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of AZ Health Sci. Ctr., Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, United States
| | - Robert P Erickson
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of AZ Health Sci. Ctr., Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, United States; Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Univ. of AZ, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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Abstract
Macrophage plasticity is an important feature of these innate immune cells. Macrophage phenotypes are divided into two categories, the classically activated macrophages (CAM, M1 phenotype) and the alternatively activated macrophages (AAM, M2 phenotype). M1 macrophages are commonly associated with the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory and often associated with tumor progression and fibrosis development. Macrophages produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent evidence suggests ROS can potentially regulate macrophage phenotype. In addition, macrophages phenotypes are closely related to their metabolic patterns, particularly fatty acid/cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we briefly summarize recent advances in macrophage polarization with special attention to their relevance to specific disease conditions and metabolic regulation of polarization. Understanding these metabolic switches can facilitate the development of targeted therapies for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Zhu Y, Li J, Wu Z, Lu Y, You H, Li R, Li B, Yang X, Duan L. Acute exposure of ozone induced pulmonary injury and the protective role of vitamin E through the Nrf2 pathway in Balb/c mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 5:268-277. [PMID: 30090343 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) in the lower atmosphere is generally derived from various sources of human activity. It has become a major air pollutant in China and has been shown to adversely affect the health of humans and animals. We undertook a study to ascertain the molecular mechanism of ozone induced lung injury in mice and tried to demonstrate the protective mechanism of vitamin E. In this study, mice were exposed to clean air and three different concentrations of ozone. Oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde) and Th cytokines in the lung, serum IgE, as well as histopathological examination and the airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) test were used to reflect inflammation and damage to the lungs of ozone-exposed mice. We then chose an effective concentration of ozone and combined treatment with vitamin E (VE) to explore the underlying mechanism of ozone-induced lung damage. The results of immunological and inflammatory biomarkers (total-immunoglobulin (Ig) E and Th cytokines) as well as histopathological examination and AHR assessment supported the notion that high doses of ozone (>0.5 ppm) could induce inflammation and lung injury in mice and that this induction was counteracted by concurrent administration of VE. The elimination of oxidative stress, the reduced Th2 responses and Ig production, and the relief of lung damage were proposed to explain the molecular mechanism of ozone induced lung injury. We also showed that VE, an antioxidant that enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and up-regulated the antioxidant genes HO-1 and NQO1, could decrease the levels of oxidative stress and alleviate ozone-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhu
- College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Jinquan Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954.,Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400045 , China
| | - Zhuo Wu
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Yu Lu
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Huihui You
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Rui Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400045 , China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine , Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology , College of Life Science , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-13871361954
| | - Liju Duan
- College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China.,College of Public Health , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China . ; Tel: +86-18768869690
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40
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Sapkota M, Wyatt TA. Alcohol, Aldehydes, Adducts and Airways. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2987-3008. [PMID: 26556381 PMCID: PMC4693266 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes results in the formation of reactive aldehydes in the lung, which are capable of forming adducts with several proteins and DNA. Acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde are the major aldehydes generated in high levels in the lung of subjects with alcohol use disorder who smoke cigarettes. In addition to the above aldehydes, several other aldehydes like 4-hydroxynonenal, formaldehyde and acrolein are also detected in the lung due to exposure to toxic gases, vapors and chemicals. These aldehydes react with nucleophilic targets in cells such as DNA, lipids and proteins to form both stable and unstable adducts. This adduction may disturb cellular functions as well as damage proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Among several adducts formed in the lung, malondialdehyde DNA (MDA-DNA) adduct and hybrid malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) protein adducts have been shown to initiate several pathological conditions in the lung. MDA-DNA adducts are pre-mutagenic in mammalian cells and induce frame shift and base-pair substitution mutations, whereas MAA protein adducts have been shown to induce inflammation and inhibit wound healing. This review provides an insight into different reactive aldehyde adducts and their role in the pathogenesis of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Sapkota
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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41
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Timoshenko AV. Towards molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of galectins in cancer cells under microenvironmental stress conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4327-40. [PMID: 26245305 PMCID: PMC11113283 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins, serve as mediators of fundamental biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration, survival, and death. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the ways in which the expression of individual galectins differs in normal and transformed human cells exposed to various stimuli mimicking physiological and pathological microenvironmental stress conditions. A conceptual point is being made and grounded that the modulation of galectin expression profiles is a key aspect of cellular stress responses. Moreover, this modulation might be precisely regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in the context of non-overlapping transcription factors and miRNAs specific to galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Timoshenko
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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42
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Limjunyawong N, Craig JM, Lagassé HAD, Scott AL, Mitzner W. Experimental progressive emphysema in BALB/cJ mice as a model for chronic alveolar destruction in humans. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L662-76. [PMID: 26232300 PMCID: PMC4593839 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00214.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema, one of the major components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of alveolar lung tissue. Even though >80% of COPD cases are associated with cigarette smoking, only a relatively small proportion of smokers develop emphysema, suggesting a potential role for genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility to emphysema. Although strain-dependent effects have been shown in animal models of emphysema, the molecular basis underlying this intrinsic susceptibility is not fully understood. In this present study, we investigated emphysema development using the elastase-induced experimental emphysema model in two commonly used mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ. The results demonstrate that mice with different genetic backgrounds show disparate susceptibility to the development of emphysema. BALB/cJ mice were found to be much more sensitive than C57BL/6J to elastase injury in both a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, as measured by significantly higher mortality, greater body weight loss, greater decline in lung function, and a greater loss of alveolar tissue. The more susceptible BALB/cJ strain also showed the persistence of inflammatory cells in the lung, especially macrophages and lymphocytes. A comparative gene expression analysis following elastase-induced injury showed BALB/cJ mice had elevated levels of il17A mRNA and a number of classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophage genes, whereas the C57BL/6J mice demonstrated augmented levels of interferon-γ. These findings suggest a possible role for these cellular and molecular mediators in modulating the severity of emphysema and highlight the possibility that they might contribute to the heterogeneity observed in clinical emphysema outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - John M Craig
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - H A Daniel Lagassé
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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43
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Ochieng J, Nangami GN, Ogunkua O, Miousse IR, Koturbash I, Odero-Marah V, McCawley LJ, Nangia-Makker P, Ahmed N, Luqmani Y, Chen Z, Papagerakis S, Wolf GT, Dong C, Zhou BP, Brown DG, Colacci AM, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Al-Temaimi R, Al-Mulla F, Bisson WH, Eltom SE. The impact of low-dose carcinogens and environmental disruptors on tissue invasion and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S128-59. [PMID: 26106135 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to stimulate new ideas regarding low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens and their potential to promote invasion and metastasis. Whereas a number of chapters in this review are devoted to the role of low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens in the promotion of invasion and metastasis in specific tumors such as breast and prostate, the overarching theme is the role of low-dose carcinogens in the progression of cancer stem cells. It is becoming clearer that cancer stem cells in a tumor are the ones that assume invasive properties and colonize distant organs. Therefore, low-dose contaminants that trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition, for example, in these cells are of particular interest in this review. This we hope will lead to the collaboration between scientists who have dedicated their professional life to the study of carcinogens and those whose interests are exclusively in the arena of tissue invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Gladys N Nangami
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Lisa J McCawley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yunus Luqmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy and
| | - Rabeah Al-Temaimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
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γδ T Cells Are Required for M2 Macrophage Polarization and Resolution of Ozone-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131236. [PMID: 26135595 PMCID: PMC4489797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of γδ T cells in the induction of alternatively activated M2 macrophages and the resolution of inflammation after ozone exposure. Wildtype (WT) mice and mice deficient in γδ T cells (TCRδ-/- mice) were exposed to air or to ozone (0.3 ppm for up to 72h) and euthanized immediately or 1, 3, or 5 days after cessation of exposure. In WT mice, M2 macrophages accumulated in the lungs over the course of ozone exposure. Pulmonary mRNA abundance of the M2 genes, Arg1, Retnla, and Clec10a, also increased after ozone. In contrast, no evidence of M2 polarization was observed in TCRδ-/- mice. WT but not TCRδ-/- mice expressed the M2c polarizing cytokine, IL-17A, after ozone exposure and WT mice treated with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody exhibited attenuated ozone-induced M2 gene expression. In WT mice, ozone-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils and macrophages resolved quickly after cessation of ozone exposure returning to air exposed levels within 3 days. However, lack of M2 macrophages in TCRδ-/- mice was associated with delayed clearance of inflammatory cells after cessation of ozone and increased accumulation of apoptotic macrophages in the lungs. Delayed restoration of normal lung architecture was also observed in TCRδ-/- mice. In summary, our data indicate that γδ T cells are required for the resolution of ozone-induced inflammation, likely because γδ T cells, through their secretion of IL-17A, contribute to changes in macrophage polarization that promote clearance of apoptotic cells.
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Hao K, Li Y, Feng J, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Ma N, Zeng Q, Pang H, Wang C, Xiao L, He X. Ozone promotes regeneration by regulating the inflammatory response in zebrafish. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:369-75. [PMID: 26033494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ozone is thought to advance wound healing by inhibiting inflammation, but the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been determined. Although the zebrafish is often used in regeneration experiments, there has been no report of zebrafish treated with ozonated water. We successfully established a zebrafish model of ozonated water treatment and demonstrate that ozonated water stimulates the regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin, its mechanism, and time dependence. The growth rate of the caudal fin and the number of neutrophils migrating to the caudal fin wound after resection were higher in the experimental (ozonated) group than in the control group, preliminarily confirming that ozone-promoted regeneration is related to the stimulation of an early inflammatory response by ozone. Ozone modulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in two ways by regulating interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression. Therefore, ozone promotes tissue regeneration by regulating the inflammatory pathways. This effect of ozone in an experimental zebrafish model is demonstrated for the first time, confirming its promotion of wound healing and the mechanism of its effect in tissue regeneration. These results will open up new directions for ozone and regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Hao
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanhao Li
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingle Zeng
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huajin Pang
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijun Xiao
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Bauer RN, Müller L, Brighton LE, Duncan KE, Jaspers I. Interaction with epithelial cells modifies airway macrophage response to ozone. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:285-94. [PMID: 25054807 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0035oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial innate immune response to ozone (O3) in the lung is orchestrated by structural cells, such as epithelial cells, and resident immune cells, such as airway macrophages (Macs). We developed an epithelial cell-Mac coculture model to investigate how epithelial cell-derived signals affect Mac response to O3. Macs from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of healthy volunteers were cocultured with the human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) or alveolar (A549) epithelial cell lines. Cocultures, Mac monocultures, and epithelial cell monocultures were exposed to O3 or air, and Mac immunophenotype, phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity were assessed. Quantities of hyaluronic acid (HA) and IL-8 were compared across cultures and in BAL fluid from healthy volunteers exposed to O3 or air for in vivo confirmation. We show that Macs in coculture had increased markers of alternative activation, enhanced cytotoxicity, and reduced phagocytosis compared with Macs in monoculture that differed based on coculture with A549 or 16HBE. Production of HA by epithelial cell monocultures was not affected by O3, but quantities of HA in the in vitro coculture and BAL fluid from volunteers exposed in vivo were increased with O3 exposure, indicating that O3 exposure impairs Mac regulation of HA. Together, we show epithelial cell-Mac coculture models that have many similarities to the in vivo responses to O3, and demonstrate that epithelial cell-derived signals are important determinants of Mac immunophenotype and response to O3.
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Sunil VR, Francis M, Vayas KN, Cervelli JA, Choi H, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Regulation of ozone-induced lung inflammation and injury by the β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:236-45. [PMID: 25724551 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a dual role in ozone toxicity, contributing to both pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a lectin known to regulate macrophage activity. Herein, we analyzed the role of Gal-3 in the response of lung macrophages to ozone. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were collected 24-72h after exposure (3h) of WT and Gal-3(-/-) mice to air or 0.8ppm ozone. In WT mice, ozone inhalation resulted in increased numbers of proinflammatory (Gal-3(+), iNOS(+)) and anti-inflammatory (MR-1(+)) macrophages in the lungs. While accumulation of iNOS(+) macrophages was attenuated in Gal-3(-/-) mice, increased numbers of enlarged MR-1(+) macrophages were noted. This correlated with increased numbers of macrophages in BAL. Flow cytometric analysis showed that these cells were CD11b(+) and consisted mainly (>97%) of mature (F4/80(+)CD11c(+)) proinflammatory (Ly6GLy6C(hi)) and anti-inflammatory (Ly6GLy6C(lo)) macrophages. Increases in both macrophage subpopulations were observed following ozone inhalation. Loss of Gal-3 resulted in a decrease in Ly6C(hi) macrophages, with no effect on Ly6C(lo) macrophages. CD11b(+)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(+) granulocytic (G) and monocytic (M) myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were also identified in the lung after ozone. In Gal-3(-/-) mice, the response of G-MDSC to ozone was attenuated, while the response of M-MDSC was heightened. Changes in inflammatory cell populations in the lung of ozone treated Gal-3(-/-) mice were correlated with reduced tissue injury as measured by cytochrome b5 expression. These data demonstrate that Gal-3 plays a role in promoting proinflammatory macrophage accumulation and toxicity in the lung following ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi R Sunil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Mary Francis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Kinal N Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Jessica A Cervelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Hyejeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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48
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Malaviya R, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Oxidative stress-induced autophagy: role in pulmonary toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 275:145-51. [PMID: 24398106 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process important in regulating the turnover of essential proteins and in elimination of damaged organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy is observed in the lung in response to oxidative stress generated as a consequence of exposure to environmental toxicants. Whether autophagy plays role in promoting cell survival or cytotoxicity is unclear. In this article recent findings on oxidative stress-induced autophagy in the lung are reviewed; potential mechanisms initiating autophagy are also discussed. A better understanding of autophagy and its role in pulmonary toxicity may lead to the development of new strategies to treat lung injury associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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49
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Bakkal BH, Gultekin FA, Guven B, Turkcu UO, Bektas S, Can M. Effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning in preventing early radiation-induced lung injury in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:789-96. [PMID: 23969972 PMCID: PMC3854433 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes its biological effects mainly through oxidative damage
induced by reactive oxygen species. Previous studies showed that ozone oxidative
preconditioning attenuated pathophysiological events mediated by reactive oxygen
species. As inhalation of ozone induces lung injury, the aim of this study was
to examine whether ozone oxidative preconditioning potentiates or attenuates the
effects of irradiation on the lung. Rats were subjected to total body
irradiation, with or without treatment with ozone oxidative preconditioning
(0.72 mg/kg). Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative damage markers,
and histopathological analysis were compared at 6 and 72 h after total body
irradiation. Irradiation significantly increased lung malondialdehyde levels as
an end-product of lipoperoxidation. Irradiation also significantly decreased
lung superoxide dismutase activity, which is an indicator of the generation of
oxidative stress and an early protective response to oxidative damage. Ozone
oxidative preconditioning plus irradiation significantly decreased
malondialdehyde levels and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, which
might indicate protection of the lung from radiation-induced lung injury. Serum
tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels, which increased
significantly following total body irradiation, were decreased with ozone
oxidative preconditioning. Moreover, ozone oxidative preconditioning was able to
ameliorate radiation-induced lung injury assessed by histopathological
evaluation. In conclusion, ozone oxidative preconditioning, repeated low-dose
intraperitoneal administration of ozone, did not exacerbate radiation-induced
lung injury, and, on the contrary, it provided protection against
radiation-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Bakkal
- Bulent Ecevit University, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, KozluZonguldak, Turkey
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50
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Valavanidis A, Vlachogianni T, Fiotakis K, Loridas S. Pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer: respirable particulate matter, fibrous dusts and ozone as major causes of lung carcinogenesis through reactive oxygen species mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:3886-907. [PMID: 23985773 PMCID: PMC3799517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10093886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and oxidative stress in the respiratory system increase the production of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and initiate or promote mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The lungs are exposed daily to oxidants generated either endogenously or exogenously (air pollutants, cigarette smoke, etc.). Cells in aerobic organisms are protected against oxidative damage by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Recent epidemiologic investigations have shown associations between increased incidence of respiratory diseases and lung cancer from exposure to low levels of various forms of respirable fibers and particulate matter (PM), at occupational or urban air polluting environments. Lung cancer increases substantially for tobacco smokers due to the synergistic effects in the generation of ROS, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation with high DNA damage potential. Physical and chemical characteristics of particles (size, transition metal content, speciation, stable free radicals, etc.) play an important role in oxidative stress. In turn, oxidative stress initiates the synthesis of mediators of pulmonary inflammation in lung epithelial cells and initiation of carcinogenic mechanisms. Inhalable quartz, metal powders, mineral asbestos fibers, ozone, soot from gasoline and diesel engines, tobacco smoke and PM from ambient air pollution (PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅) are involved in various oxidative stress mechanisms. Pulmonary cancer initiation and promotion has been linked to a series of biochemical pathways of oxidative stress, DNA oxidative damage, macrophage stimulation, telomere shortening, modulation of gene expression and activation of transcription factors with important role in carcinogenesis. In this review we are presenting the role of ROS and oxidative stress in the production of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Valavanidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus Zografou, Athens 15784, Greece.
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