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Salaheldin Abdelhamid Ibrahim S, Bassam SM, El-Hawary S, Sheta E, Masoud IM, El-Zahaby SA, Al-Mahallawi AM, Hammad GO. The gastroprotective effect of Yucca filamentosa standardized crude leaves extract versus its nano-cubosomal formulation in ethanol-induced gastric injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112440. [PMID: 38870882 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Yucca filamentosa (YF) is widely used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory effects. Our study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile of YF extracts. Additionally, the gastroprotective efficacy of its crude leaf extract and nano-cubosomal formulation was assessed in a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric injury by altering the HMGB-1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The phytochemical composition of YF was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS techniques. Standardization was further accomplished using HPLC. Rats were treated orally with yucca crude extract or its nano-cubosomal formulation at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Famotidine (50 mg/kg, IP) was used as a reference drug. After 1 h, rats were administered ethanol (1 ml, 95 %, orally). One hour later, the rats were sacrificed, and the serum was separated to determine TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Stomachs were excised for the calculation of the ulcer index and histopathological examinations. Stomach tissue homogenate was used to determine MDA and catalase levels. Additionally, the expression levels of HMGB-1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB were assessed. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the predominance of steroidal saponins, sucrose, organic and phenolic acids, and kaempferol. The nano-cubosomal formulation demonstrated enhanced gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory efficacy compared to the crude extract at all tested doses. The most prominent effect was observed in rats pretreated with the YF nano-cubosomal formulation at a dose of 100 mg/kg, which was similar to normal control and famotidine-treated rats. Our results highlighted the enhanced gastroprotective impact of the yucca nano-cubosomal formulation in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests its potential use in preventing peptic ulcer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samar M Bassam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Seham El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Inas M Masoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Abdulaziz M Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ghada O Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Rashid A, Irfan M, Kamal Y, Asghar S, Khalid SH, Hussain G, Alshammari A, Albekairi TH, Alharbi M, Khan HU, Chauhdary Z, Vandamme TF, Khan IU. In Vitro and Biological Evaluation of Oral Fast-Disintegrating Films Containing Ranitidine HCl and Syloid ® 244FP-Based Ternary Solid Dispersion of Flurbiprofen. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:164. [PMID: 38399224 PMCID: PMC10892821 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Flurbiprofen (FBP), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is commonly used to treat the pain of rheumatoid arthritis, but in prolonged use it causes gastric irritation and ulcer. To avoid these adverse events of NSAIDs, the simultaneous administration of H2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine hydrochloride (RHCl) is obligatory. Here, we developed composite oral fast-disintegrating films (ODFs) containing FBP along with RHCl to provide a gastroprotective effect as well as to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of FBP. The ternary solid dispersion (TSD) of FBP was fabricated with Syloid® 244FP and poloxamer® 188 using the solvent evaporation technique. The synthesized FBP-TSD (coded as TSD) was loaded alone (S1) and in combination with plain RHCl (S2) in the composite ODFs based on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose E5 (HPMC E5). The synthesized composite ODFs were evaluated by in vitro (thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, disintegration, SEM, FTIR, XRD and release study) and in vivo (analgesic, anti-inflammatory activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and gastroprotective assay) studies. The in vitro characterization revealed that TSD preserved its integrity and was effectively loaded in S1 and S2 with optimal compatibility. The films were durable and flexible with a disintegration time ≈15 s. The release profile at pH 6.8 showed that the solid dispersion of FBP improved the drug solubility and release when compared with pure FBP. After in vitro studies, it was observed that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of S2 was higher than that of pure FBP and other synthesized formulations (TSD and S1). Similarly, the level of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) was also markedly reduced by S2. Furthermore, a gastroprotective assay confirmed that S2 has a higher safety profile in comparison to pure FBP and other synthesized formulations (TSD and S1). Thus, composite ODF (S2) can effectively enhance the FBP solubility and its therapeutic efficacy, along with its gastroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.I.); (S.A.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.I.); (S.A.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Yousaf Kamal
- Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University Karachi, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.I.); (S.A.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.I.); (S.A.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (T.H.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (T.H.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (T.H.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Hafeez Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Zunera Chauhdary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Thierry F. Vandamme
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Inserm/Unistra, UMR 1260 Regenerative NanoMedecine, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.I.); (S.A.); (S.H.K.)
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Feng JH, Chen K, Shen SY, Luo YF, Liu XH, Chen X, Gao W, Tong YR. The composition, pharmacological effects, related mechanisms and drug delivery of alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115511. [PMID: 37729733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang, also known as yanhusuo, yuanhu, yanhu and xuanhu, is one of the herb components of many Chinese Traditional Medicine prescriptions such as Jin Ling Zi San and Yuanhu-Zhitong priscription. C. yanhusuo was traditionally used to relieve pain and motivate blood and Qi circulation. Now there has been growing interest in pharmacological effects of alkaloids, the main bioactive components of C. yanhusuo. Eighty-four alkaloids isolated from C. yanhusuo are its important bioactive components and can be characterized into protoberberine alkaloids, aporphine alkaloids, opiate alkaloids and others and proper extraction or co-administration methods modulate their contents and efficacy. Alkaloids from C. yanhusuo have various pharmacological effects on the nervous system, cardiovascular system, cancer and others through multiple molecular mechanisms such as modulating neurotransmitters, ion channels, gut microbiota, HPA axis and signaling pathways and are potential treatments for many diseases. Plenty of novel drug delivery methods such as autologous red blood cells, self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems, nanoparticles and others have also been investigated to better exert the effects of alkaloids from C. yanhusuo. This review summarized the alkaloid components of C. yanhusuo, their pharmacological effects and mechanisms, and methods of drug delivery to lay a foundation for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hua Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kang Chen
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Si-Yu Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yun-Feng Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xi-Hong Liu
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu-Ru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Alhejaily TB, Alamri ZZ, ALaryani FS, Shareef SH. The Potential Gastro-Protective Effect of Qaysum (Achillea fragrantissima) Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Albino Rats. Cureus 2023; 15:e47696. [PMID: 38021520 PMCID: PMC10676238 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU) is among the peak prevalent syndromes. This study investigates the defensive properties of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.Bip. extract (AFE) against ethanol-induced stomach lesions. Twenty-eight rats were allocated into negative control, positive control, AFE + ethanol, and omeprazole ethanol. In serum and gastric homogenates, oxidative stress displays (e.g., malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), and catalase enzyme (CAT)) and inflammatory parameters (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) were estimated. GU markers (gastric lesions, ulcer index (UI), pH) were evaluated, and gastric histopathological examinations were performed. The positive control cluster exhibited severe gastric mucosal injuries, reduced stomach mucus secretion, and pH of gastric content. Furthermore, AFE-pretreated rats displayed meaningfully increased periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) countenance in their stomach epithelial layers. Pretreatment with AFE reduced stomach lesions, UI, MDA, and TNF-α levels, while mucus, pH, CAT, GSH, and SOD levels increased. Stomach examination showed significant improvement in gastric mucosa reduced edema and leukocyte infiltration of the submucosal level in pretreatment with the AFE and omeprazole groups versus the ethanol group. Additionally, AFE extracts increase the intensity of the stomach epithelium's PAS. The acute toxicity experiment with an advanced dosage of 5 g/kg AFE did not exhibit any signs of toxicity in the rats. In conclusion, the AFE reduced the effect of ethanol on the gastric mucosa, which may be due to its antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thekra B Alhejaily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Zaenah Z Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Fatima S ALaryani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
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Huang SC, Wu WJ, Lee YJ, Tsai MS, Yan XZ, Lin HC, Lai PY, Wang KT, Liao JW, Tsai JC, Wang SH. Gastroprotective effects of Machilus zuihoensis Hayata bark against acidic ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:511-520. [PMID: 37693097 PMCID: PMC10492164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim In traditional medicine, Machilus zuihoensis Hayata bark (MZ) is used in combination with other medicines to treat gastric cancer, gastric ulcer (GU), and liver and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective effects and possible mechanism(s) of MZ powder against acidic ethanol (AE)-induced GU and its toxicity in mice. Experimental procedure The gastroprotective effect of MZ powder was analyzed by orally administering MZ for 14 consecutive days before AE-inducing GU. Ulcer index (UI) and protection percentage were calculated, hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed, and gastric mucus weights were measured. The antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, and possible signaling pathway(s) were studied. Results and conclusion Pretreatment with MZ (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly decreased 10 μL/g AE-induced mucosal hemorrhage, edema, inflammation, and UI, resulted in protection percentages of 88.9% and 93.4%, respectively. MZ pretreatment reduced AE-induced oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde level and restoring superoxide dismutase activity. MZ pretreatment demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing both serum and gastric tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels. Furthermore, MZ pretreatment exhibited anti-apoptotic effect by decreasing Bcl-2 associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio. The gastroprotective mechanisms of MZ involved inactivations of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Otherwise, 200 mg/kg MZ didn't induce liver or kidney toxicity. In conclusion, MZ protects AE-induced GU through mucus secreting, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, and inhibitions of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua, 515006, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Zhe Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chun Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yen Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Teng Wang
- HERBIOTEK Co., LTD., 3F., No. 207, Sec. 3, Beixin Road, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402202, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua, 515006, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Hong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
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Rashid A, Khalid SH, Irfan M, Asghar S, Rizg WY, Sabei FY, Alfayez E, Alkharobi H, Safhi AY, Hosny KM, Arshad MS, Khan IU. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Composite Oral Fast Disintegrating Film: An Innovative Strategy for the Codelivery of Ranitidine HCl and Flurbiprofen. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1987. [PMID: 37514173 PMCID: PMC10383263 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we evaluate the feasibility of co-loading plain ranitidine hydrochloride (RHCl) and microencapsulated flurbiprofen (FBP) in a Lycoat® RS780-based oral fast disintegrating film (ODF). These films were developed by the solvent casting method to minimize the adverse effects of FBP and reduce the dosage form burden on patients. Optimized FBP microparticles (M3) with an average size of 21.2 ± 9.2 µm were loaded alone (F1) and in combination with plain RHCl (F2) in the composite ODF. All films were evaluated physicomechanically and physicochemically. These films were resilient, flexible, and disintegrated within thirty seconds. SEM images showed intact FBP microparticles in both formulations and, moreover, did not observe an interaction between the drug and film components. Microencapsulated FBP was released in a controlled manner over 48 h from the proposed formulations, while RHCl was released within 5 min from F2. After in vitro evaluation, formulations were also tested for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels, and gastroprotective effects in rats. The anti-inflammatory activity and gastroprotective effect of F2 were markedly higher than pure FBP and other synthesized formulations (M3 and F1). The average score of gastric lesions was in the order of pure FBP (15.5 ± 1.32) > M3 (8 ± 2) > F1 (1 ± 0.5) > F2 (0.5 ± 0) > control (0). Additionally, F2 showed a sustained anti-inflammatory effect up to 10 h in the rat paw edema model. Furthermore, F2 also markedly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Conclusively, the Lycoat® RS780-based composite film could be a promising carrier for the co-loading of microencapsulated FBP with RHCl. In the future, an optimized formulation (F2) could be capable of countering the issues related to multiple drug administration in geriatric patients and evading the gastric irritation associated with FBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Y Rizg
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), 3D Bioprinting Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Y Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alfayez
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80209, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Alkharobi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80209, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awaji Y Safhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Arshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Figueiredo FDF, Damazo AS, Arunachalam K, Silva MJD, Pavan E, Lima JCDS, Martins DTDO. Evaluation of the gastroprotective and ulcer healing properties by Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G. Lohmann hydroethanolic extract of leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116338. [PMID: 36870462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G. Lohmann (Bignoniaceae), is a climber native to Brazil, found in all Brazilian biomes. It is mostly known in Brazil as "carajiru," and home medicines made from the leaves have been used to cure disorders including stomach ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of the study was to investigate the F. chica hydroethanolic extract of leaves (HEFc) preventative and curative antiulcer gastrointestinal efficacy as well as the mechanisms of action using in vivo rodent models. MATERIALS AND METHODS F. chica was collected in the municipality of Juína, Mato Grosso, and its leaves were used to prepare the extract by maceration technique (70% hydroethanol in the 1:10 ratio, w/v) to obtain the HEFc. The chromatographic analysis of HEFc was carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS)- LCQ Fleet™ system. To determine the potential antiulcer potential of HEFc (1, 5 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.), the gastroprotective activity was assessed in various animal models of stomach ulcers caused by acidified ethanol, water constraint stress, indomethacin, (acute), and acid acetic (chronic). Additionally, the prokinetic properties of the HEFC were assessed in mice. The gastroprotective underlying mechanisms were evaluated by the histopathological analysis and determination of gastric secretion (volume, free and total acidity), gastric barrier mucus, activation of PGs, NO, K +ATP channels, α2-adrenoceptor, antioxidant activity (GSH, MPO and MDA), NO and mucosal cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) levels. RESULTS The chemical composition of HEFc was analyzed and apigenin, scutellarin, and carajurone were identified. HEFc (1, 5 and 20 mg/kg) showed effect against acute ulcers induced by HCl/EtOH with a reduction in the ulcerated area of 64.41% (p < 0.001), 54.23% (p < 0.01), 38.71% (p < 0.01), respectively. In the indomethacin experiment, there was no change in the doses tested, whereas in the water immersion restraint stress ulcer there was a reduction of lesions at doses of 1, 5, and 20 mg/kg by 80.34% (p < 0.001), 68.46% (p < 0.01) and 52.04% (p < 0.01). HEFc increased the mucus production at doses of 1 and 20 mg/kg in 28.14% (p < 0.05) and 38.36% (p < 0.01), respectively. In the pyloric ligation-induced model of gastric ulceration, the HEFc decreased the total acidity in all doses by 54.23%, 65.08%, and 44.40% (p < 0.05) and gastric secretory volume in 38.47% at dose of 1 mg/kg (p < 0,05) and increased the free acidity at the dose of 5 mg/kg by 11.86% (p < 0.05). The administration of EHFc (1 mg/kg) showed a gastroprotective effect possibly by stimulating the release of prostaglandins and activating K+ATP channels and α2-adrenoreceptors. Also, the gastroprotective effect of HEFc involved an increase in CAT and GSH activities, and a reduction in MPO activity and MDA levels. In the chronic gastric ulcer model, the HEFc (1, 5 and 20 mg/kg) decreased the ulcerated area significantly (p < 0.001) at all doses by 71.37%, 91.00%, and 93.46%, respectively. In the histological analysis, HEFc promoted the healing of gastric lesions by stimulating the formation of granulation tissue and consequently epithelialization. On the other hand, regarding the effect of HEFc on gastric emptying and intestinal transit, it was observed that the extract did not alter gastric emptying, but there was an increase in intestinal transit at the dose of 1 mg/kg (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These outcomes confirmed the advantages of Fridericia chica leaves for the treatment of stomach ulcers, which are well-known. HEFc was discovered to have antiulcer characteristics through multitarget pathways, which might be related to an increase in stomach defense mechanisms and a decrease in defensive factor. HEFc can be regarded as a potential new antiulcer herbal remedy because of its antiulcer properties, which may be attributed to the mixture of flavonoids, apigenin, scutellarin and carajurone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana de Freitas Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Área de Histologia e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento da Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina Dr. Hélio Mandetta (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo José Dias Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700. Centro Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Corsino da Silva Lima
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
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8
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Bakry SM, Naser AFA, Negoumy SIE, Kassem MES, Abdel-Sattar E, Meselhy MR. Phenolic acids-rich fraction from Ficus drupacea leaves for the prevention and treatment of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1423-1436. [PMID: 36840885 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of F. drupacea Thunb. extract revealed that the water fraction (FDWF) increased pH of the artificial gastric juice from 1.2 to 5.67 ± 0.015. The gastroprotective effect of FDWF against ulcer induced by ethanol was evaluated in rats. In ulcerogenic rats, increase in the gastric juice volume and ulcer lesions, and decrease in the gastric pH were evident. However, pretreatment with FDWF (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) significantly inhibited lesion index, reduced gastric juice volume by 56.09% and increased gastric pH value. When given after ethanol, the same dose of FDWF led to significant healing of the gastric ulcer, with 75.60% reduction of gastric juice volume, and increase in pH value. In both prophylactic and therapeutic-treated groups, the level of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in gastric homogenate were increased, while that of malondialdehyde was decreased. Also, the levels of succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased, while that of acid phosphatase was decreased. In addition, the inflammatory markers; IL-10 and PGE2 were significantly increased. The histopathological results confirmed the above findings and indicated that the antiulcer effect of FDWF is mediated, at least in part, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Twenty-three compounds were tentatively identified in FDWF using UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS and most of them were found to be phenolic acid derivatives. FDWF was standardized to contain 23.66 ± 2.62 mg/g and 8.86 ± 0.29 mg/g of quinic acid and chlorogenic acid, respectively. Accordingly, FDWF is a potential natural product that could increase the healing of gastric mucosal injury and prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherien M Bakry
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Aboul Naser
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sabri I El Negoumy
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona E S Kassem
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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9
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Shams SGE, Eissa RG. Amelioration of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by quercetin: implication of Nrf2/HO1 and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11159. [PMID: 36311358 PMCID: PMC9614827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a serious medical condition that can be developed due to an imbalance in the protective and destructive factors of the gastric system. Available therapies do not provide definite cure, thus, there is an urge to seek for alternative treatments. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current study, the antiulcerogenic effect of quercetin in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer (EI-GU) rat model was compared to Antodine® (a reference drug), to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. Quercetin (50 mg/kg) and Antodine® (20 mg/kg) were given orally for one week post ulcer induction by ethanol. EI-GU was associated with downregulation of SOD, CAT, Nrf2 and HO1, and accompanied by upregulation of inflammatory markers (i.e., HMGB1, NF-κB and TNFα) and an increase in Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Administration of quercetin resulted in a significant reduction in gastric volume in the stomach of ulcerative rats by 86% and a significant decrease in gastric lesion count by 3.5- folds, as compared with the ulcerative rats. Moreover, rats treated with quercetin showed upregulation of Nrf2 by 3.3-fold change and in HO1 by 3.5-fold change when compared to ulcerated rats, and decreased HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB p65 and TNF-α by 50%, 53%, 52.9% and 54.9%, respectively. Treatment of rats with quercetin reduced Bax and Bax/Bcl2 ratio and increased Bcl2 relative to ulcerated rats. Thus, it can be concluded that the ulcerogenic curative properties of quercetin were mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana G. Eissa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt,Corresponding author.;
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10
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Arab HH, Eid AH, El-Sheikh AAK, Arafa ESA, Ashour AM. Irbesartan reprofiling for the amelioration of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats: Role of inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Life Sci 2022; 308:120939. [PMID: 36115582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic features have been characterized for the angiotensin receptor blocker irbesartan. Yet, its effect on ethanol-induced gastropathy has not been studied. The present work explored the potential modulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and autophagic events by irbesartan for the attenuation of ethanol-evoked gastric mucosal injury. METHODOLOGY Wistar rats were divided into control, control + irbesartan, ethanol, ethanol + irbesartan, and ethanol + omeprazole groups. Macroscopic examination, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays were applied to examine the gastric tissues. KEY FINDINGS Irbesartan administration (50 mg/kg; by gavage) in ethanol-evoked gastropathy improved the gastric pathological manifestations (area of gastric lesion and ulcer index scores), histopathological changes, and microscopic damage scores. These beneficial effects were interceded by suppression of the HMGB1-associated inflammatory events and the linked downregulation of the nuclear NF-κBp65 protein expression. In the meantime, curtailing of the NLRP3 inflammasome by irbesartan was observed with consequent decline of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. In tandem, upregulation of the antioxidant Nrf2 and the cytoprotective PPAR-γ were seen. Together, suppression of the pro-inflammatory cues and pro-oxidant signals attenuated the pro-apoptotic events as evidenced by Bcl-2 upregulation, Bax downregulation, and caspase 3 dampened activity. Regarding gastric autophagy signals, irbesartan diminished SQSTM-1/p62 accumulation and upregulated Beclin 1. This was associated with gastric AMPK/mTOR pathway activation evidenced by increased AMPK (Ser487) phosphorylation and lowered mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Suppression of the inflammatory and apoptotic signals and upregulation of the pro-autophagy events may advocate the promising gastroprotective actions of irbesartan against ethanol-induced gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaimaa A Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Gilani S, Bin-Jumah MN, Al-Abbasi FA, Nadeem MS, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Ahmed MM, Ghoneim MM, Afzal M, Alzarea SI, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Protective Effect of Fustin Against Ethanol-Activated Gastric Ulcer via Downregulation of Biochemical Parameters in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23245-23254. [PMID: 35847266 PMCID: PMC9280775 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fustin plant-derived bioflavonoid obtained from a common plant known as lacquer tree from family Anacardiaceae, formally known as Rhus verniciflua Stokes, is known to exert a variety of therapeutic properties. The current investigation proved the anti-ulcerative property of fustin on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in an experimental animal model. The fustin 50 and 100 mg/kg was studied in an experimental rat model by performing an 8 day protocol. The ulcer index, pH, total acidic content, and biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β, prostaglandin E-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide (NO) in serum were measured. The gastric parameter such as ulcer index, pH, and acidic content was maintained in the fustin groups compared to the ethanol control group. Clinical presentation of gastric ulcers includes a significant increase in serum levels, GSH, SOD, and CAT and decreased MDA, TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and prostaglandin E-2 parameters in contrast to normal groups. The treatment regimen with fustin has significantly restored all serum parameters in test groups. The current study helps to develop reasonable phytochemical options for the innervations of chemical-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf
Jamal Gilani
- Department
of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology
Department, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment
and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School
of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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12
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Protective Effect and Potential Mechanism of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3069089. [PMID: 35449820 PMCID: PMC9017495 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3069089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Shaoyao-Gancao decoction (SGD) is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine. SGD is effective in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, the biological activity and possible mechanisms of SGD in the treatment of gastric ulcers have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to scientifically evaluate the protective effect and potential mechanism of SGD against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods A single gavage of 10 mL/kg of 75% ethanol was used to establish a rat gastric ulcer model. A histopathological examination of the gastric tissue was performed. The levels of TNF-α, EGF, PGE2, SOD, and TBARS in gastric tissue were measured by ELISA. Cellular apoptosis in gastric tissues was assessed by TUNEL assay. The expression levels of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were determined by immunohistochemistry. The potential mechanism of SGD in treating gastric ulcers was further studied using a network pharmacology research method. Results The gastric tissue of rats with ethanol-induced gastric ulcers had obvious injury throughout the mucosal layer, which was significantly weakened in rats treated with SGD. Furthermore, treatment with SGD significantly increased the levels of EGF, PGE2, SOD, and Bcl-2 and decreased the levels of TNF-α, TBARS, and caspase-3 in the gastric tissue of rats with ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. SGD reduced ethanol-induced cell apoptosis in gastric tissue from rats with gastric ulcers. A traditional Chinese medicine-based network pharmacology study revealed that SGD exerts its anti-gastric ulcer effect by acting on multiple pathways. Conclusions The above results indicate that SGD can improve gastric ulcers induced by ethanol. Moreover, this study demonstrated multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway characteristics of SGD in the treatment of gastric ulcers and provided a foundation for further drug development research.
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13
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El-shafey RS, Baloza SH, Mohammed LA, Nasr HE, Soliman MM, Ghamry HI, Elgendy SA. The ameliorative impacts of wheat germ oil against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers: involvement of anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:325-338. [PMID: 35510233 PMCID: PMC9052321 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined if wheat germ oil (WGO) has gastroprotective impacts against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were assigned into control, WGO, ethanol, omeprazole + ethanol, and WGO + ethanol. WGO prevented gastric ulceration and damage induced by ethanol, the same effect induced by omeprazole, a widely known medication used for gastric ulcer treatment. WGO reduced gastric ulcer index, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels in the stomach. WGO boosted the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Bcl2, and the antioxidants. WGO showed inflammatory and anti-inflammatory impacts through the control of interleukin (IL)-1β, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 that were altered in ethanol-administered rats. Ethanol up-regulated caspase-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) expression and showed histopathological changes such as necrosis and mucosal degeneration that were mitigated by pre-administration of WGO. Moreover, WGO decreased gastric immunoreactivity of NF-kB and increased transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) that were associated with upregulation of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and antioxidant expression and production. In conclusion, WGO reduced ethanol-induced stomach toxicity by regulating genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic/antiapoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Shaban El-shafey
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Samar H Baloza
- Genetic and Genetic Engineering, Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Lina Abdelhady Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Hend Elsayed Nasr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba I Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha,61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa A Elgendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
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14
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Şehitoğlu MH, Öztopuz Ö, Karaboğa İ, Ovalı MA, Uzun M. Humic Acid Has Protective Effect on Gastric Ulcer by Alleviating Inflammation in Rats. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Wahabi S, Rtibi K, Abidi C, Tounsi H, Ouerghui A, Sebai H. Prophylactic Protective Action of Aqueous Extract of Green Oak Acorns on Ethanol-Induced Acute Injury to Rat Gastroduodenal Mucosa. J Med Food 2022; 25:303-312. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Wahabi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Abidi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathological Anatomy, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abid Ouerghui
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
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16
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Küçükler S, Kandemir FM, Yıldırım S. Protective effect of chrysin on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in rats: role of multi-pathway regulation. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:490-503. [PMID: 35026960 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.2014569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential gastroprotective effects of chrysin on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats. We used six groups of animals: control; indomethacin (Indo); reference (Ulcuran®); indomethacin + 25 mg/kg chrysin (Indo + CHR25); indomethacin + 50 mg/kg chrysin (Indo + CHR50); indomethacin + 100 mg/kg chrysin (Indo + CHR100). All doses of chrysin were given orally to rats before indomethacin. Gastric lesions were examined macroscopically and microscopically. The effects of treatment with chrysin were assessed versus a single dose of 30 mg/kg Ulcuran® (generic ranitidine) as reference standard. We also investigated gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), malonaldehyde (MDA) and arginase activities, and COX-2, PGE2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, NFκB, MPO, Bax, caspase-3 and 8-OHdG levels. We assessed caspase-3 and Bax levels using immunohistochemistry. Compared to the control and reference groups, SOD, CAT, GPx and arginase activities and GSH levels decreased, and MDA levels increased in the indomethacin induced gastric ulcer group. iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, NFκB, MAPK-14, MPO, Bax and 8-OHdG levels were increased in the indomethacin treated gastric group, while COX-2 activity and PGE2 levels were decreased. The three doses of chrysin co-administered with indomethacin increased COX-2 activity and PGE2 levels in rats with ulcers. Chrysin exhibited gastroprotective effects on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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17
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El-Dakroury WA, Zewail MB, Elsabahy M, Shabana ME, Asaad GF. Famotidine-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system demonstrates exceptional efficiency in amelioration of peptic ulcer. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121303. [PMID: 34798155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Famotidine (FMD) is a highly potent H2-receptor antagonist used in peptic ulcer treatment. However, the drug possesses poor aqueous solubility and permeability. FMD-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (FMD-S-SNEDDS) comprised of Labrafil® M 1944 CS, Tween® 20 and PEG 400, adsorbed on Aerosil® 200, has been developed. FMD-S-SNEDDS has demonstrated acceptable micromeritic properties, and upon reconstitution in water, spherical nanosized particles were released, as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering studies and transmission electron microscopy imaging. High encapsulation efficiency of FMD in the developed SNEDDS has been attained, and the saturated solubility of the drug has increased by 20-fold when it was incorporated in the SNEDDS. Several in vitro characterizations have been carried out, including, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and drug dissolution studies. In vivo, upon administration of the free drug suspension, marketed product (FAMOTIN®) and FMD-S-SNEDDS (40 mg/kg) in peptic ulcer rat models, FMD-S-SNEDDS and the marketed FMD demonstrated 12.5- and 4.7-fold reduction in ulcers number, and 28.7- and 7.2-fold reduction in ulcer severity, respectively, compared to the control untreated animals. FMD-S-SNEDDS showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of depleted glutathione and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the elevated level of malondialdehyde, as compared to the free and marketed FMD. Only FMD-S-SNEDDS could restore the elevated proton pump activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate RNA expression to their normal levels. Hence, FMD-S-SNEDDS provides a great potential as a nanotherapeutic system for treatment of peptic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Moataz B Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Marwa E Shabana
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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18
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Vijayan DK, Sreerekha PR, Dara PK, Ganesan B, Mathew S, Anandan R, Ravisankar CN. Antioxidant defense of fish collagen peptides attenuates oxidative stress in gastric mucosa of experimentally ulcer-induced rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:45-54. [PMID: 34787818 PMCID: PMC8821750 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of fish collagen peptides (FCP) from the skin of great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) to avert the occurrence of gastric ulcer in experimental rats. FCP treatment prevented the formation of ulcerative lesions on gastric tissues with 86% of inhibition. The histopathology analysis of gastric tissue revealed that the FCP intake prevented the occurrence of hemorrhage and erosion in gastric tissue with formation of mild edema and necrosis, as well as normalized the pH and volume of gastric juice. It also downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory marker interferon-ɤ (IFN-ɤ) and upregulated the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-4 (IL-4) in gastric tissue. FCP is capable to modulate the oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and by lowering the levels of membrane lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya K Vijayan
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682029, India
- Center of Excellence in Food Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, India
| | - P R Sreerekha
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682029, India
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, CUSAT, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Dara
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - B Ganesan
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - Suseela Mathew
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - Rangasamy Anandan
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682029, India.
| | - C N Ravisankar
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682029, India
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19
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The Gastroprotective Effect of Naringenin against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice through Inhibiting Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111985. [PMID: 34769415 PMCID: PMC8584376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin is a major flavanone found in grapes, tangelos, blood oranges, lemons, pummelo, and tangerines. It is known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagenic, antifibrogenic, and antiatherogenic pharmacological properties. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin in ethanol-induced gastric damage in vivo and ethanol-stimulated KATO III cells in vitro. Our results showed that pretreatment with naringenin significantly protected mice from ethanol-induced hemorrhagic damage, epithelial cell loss, and edema with leucocytes. It reduced gastric ulcers (GU) by suppressing ethanol-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and decreasing the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In addition, pretreatment with naringenin might inhibit the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as the proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via the suppression of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in ethanol-stimulated stomach epithelial KATO III cells. Together, the results of this study highlight the gastroprotective effect of naringenin in GU of mice by inhibiting gastric secretion and acidity, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, suppressing NF-κB activity, and restoring the histological architecture. These findings suggested that naringenin has therapeutic potential in the alleviation of ethanol-induced GU.
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Gastroprotective effects of extract of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flower in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric mucosal ulceration mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112268. [PMID: 34634558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasminum grandiflorum L. is a medicinal plant used to treat hepatitis and gastritis, but the mechanisms underlying its protective effects against gastrointestinal mucosal damage remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of four different extracts and two compounds from the flower of J. grandiflorum in a mouse model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer. The flower extracts alleviated gastric mucosal ulceration by increasing PGE2 production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, along with the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis-related proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) production.
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Arab HH, Ashour AM, Gad AM, Mahmoud AM, Kabel AM. Activation of AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by saxagliptin ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Life Sci 2021; 280:119743. [PMID: 34166711 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Saxagliptin, a selective/potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has revealed remarkable anti-inflammatory features in murine models of nephrotoxicity, hepatic injury, and neuroinflammation. However, its potential effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury has not been examined. Hence, the present work investigated the prospect of saxagliptin to attenuate ethanol-evoked gastric injury, with emphasis on the AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy and NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In ethanol-induced gastropathy, the gastric tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, histopathology, and ELISA. KEY FINDINGS The results demonstrated that saxagliptin (10 mg/kg; by gavage) suppressed the gastric pathological signs (area of gastric ulcer and ulcer index scores), histopathologic aberrations/damage scores, without provoking hypoglycemia in rats. These protective features were attributed to the enhancement of gastric mucosal autophagy flux, as proven with increased expression of LC3-II and Beclin 1, decreased accumulation of p62 SQSTM1, and activation of the autophagy-linked AMPK/mTOR pathway by increasing the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK and decreasing the expression of the autophagy suppressor p-mTOR/mTOR signal. In tandem, saxagliptin counteracted the ethanol-induced pro-apoptotic events by downregulating Bax, upregulating Bcl2 protein, and lowering the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Equally important, saxagliptin suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome in the gastric tissue by lowering the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and nuclear NF-κBp65, decreasing the activity of caspase-1, and diminishing the IL-1β levels. In the same regard, saxagliptin suppressed the mucosal oxidative stress by lowering lipid peroxide levels, increasing GSH and GPx antioxidants, and activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Saxagliptin may be a promising intervention against ethanol-evoked gastropathy by activating AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Eskander DM, Aziz WM, Nassar MI, Hamed MA. Isolation and characterization of flavonoid compounds from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl and its role as anti-gastro ulcerative agent in rats. Biomarkers 2021; 26:606-616. [PMID: 34229545 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1950210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Stomach ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal problems in the world. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to isolate flavonoid compounds from methanol extract of the aerial parts of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. and evaluate its protective and therapeutic effects against gastric ulcer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromatographic techniques were used for the identification of the isolated compounds. To explore the effects of the plant extract, it was administrated by oral gavage for one week either before or post-ethanol ulcer induction. Ranitidine was also evaluated as a reference drug. Stomach pH, gastric juice volume, lesions number, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, Interleukin-10, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, prostaglandin E2, and total protein levels were estimated in gastric tissue. Stomach histopathological features were also monitored. RESULTS Six flavonoid compounds were isolated, where five of them were isolated for the first time (vitexin, isovitexin, apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether, 5,7,2'-trimethoxyflavone, and scutellarein), while apigenin was previously reported. Treatment with plant extract recorded amelioration in all the biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION The methanol extract of plant aerial parts had prophylactic and treatment effects against gastric ulcer in rats, where its treatment effect exceeded its protective role. The extract recorded anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects due to the presence of flavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Eskander
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Aziz
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I Nassar
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Zhao H, Zhang X, Zhang B, Qu X. Gastroprotective effects of diosgenin against HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through suppression of NF-κβ and myeloperoxidase activities. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:719-727. [PMID: 34316512 PMCID: PMC8285990 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosal injury is caused by an imbalance between the mucosal defense and gastro-irritants, leading to gastroenteritis. Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin found in the wild Yam plant that has been reported with several pharmacological properties. The aim of this study is to explore the gastroprotective role of diosgenin on gastric mucosal damage caused by HCl/ethanol in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically administered with diosgenin (20 mg/kg) before HCl/ethanol (0.15 M HCl in 98 % ethanol) administration. Omeprazole was used as a positive control. Diosgenin-attenuated oxidative stress by enhancing (p < 0.05) antioxidant enzymes, reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA), and modulating nitric oxide (NO) levels. Anti-inflammatory effects of diosgenin were observed by a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05), decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities (p < 0.05), and histopathological observation of gastric mucosal damage. Western blot analysis provided evidence on the downregulation of NF-κβ by diosgenin. The findings showed that diosgenin has a significant protective role on gastric injury caused by HCl/ethanol, through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory role, and suppression of NF-κβ and MPO activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Bojing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710003, China
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Gastroprotective Effect of Ethanol Extracts from Bark of Magnolia officinalis on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6688414. [PMID: 34159200 PMCID: PMC8187047 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6688414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Magnolia officinalis Rehd. and Wils. is widely used in Asian countries because of its multiple pharmacological effects. This study investigated the gastroprotective effect and mechanisms of the ethanol extracts from the bark of Magnolia officinalis (MOE) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Methods. MOE was prepared by reflux extraction with 70% ethanol, and its main compounds were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of MOE in vitro. The gastroprotective effects of MOE were evaluated by the area of gastric injury, H&E (hematoxylin-eosin), and PAS (periodic acid-Schiff). The mechanism was explored by measuring the levels of cytokines and protein in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Results. 30 compounds were identified from MOE, mainly including lignans and alkaloids. MOE presented a high antioxidant activity in several oxidant in vitro systems. Gastric ulcer index and histological examination showed that MOE reduced ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in a dose-dependent manner. MOE pretreatment significantly restored the depleted activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the gastric tissue in rats. In addition, MOE also inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions. The gastroprotective effect of MOE was attributed to the inhibition of oxidative stress and the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. The results provided substantial evidence that MOE could be a promising phytomedicine for gastric ulcer prevention.
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Proteomic Analysis and In Vivo Studies Reveal the Potential Gastroprotective Effects of CHCl 3 and Aqueous Extracts of Ficus palmata. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6613140. [PMID: 34194521 PMCID: PMC8184346 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ficus palmata is rich in several phytochemicals such as chromone, isoflavones, terpenes, lignans, coumarins, glycosides, and furanocoumarins and have been traditionally used for the management of different gastrointestinal disorders. This research reveals the effects of Ficus palmata fruit extracts-Ficus palmata chloroform (Fp.CHCl3) and Ficus palmata aqueous (Fp.Aq)-on gut activity through in vivo and in vitro analyses. Antidiarrheal and enteropooling assays were analyzed with castor oil-induced diarrhea and intestinal fluid accumulation. Jejunum tissues of rabbits were isolated (antispasmodic) for in vitro experiments. Antimotility was carried out by charcoal meal for determining transient time, and ethanol-induced ulcer assay was used to measure the ulceration of stomach; molecular pathways were assessed through proteomic approach. Fp.CHCl3 and Fp.Aq extracts attributed dose-dependently protection against diarrhea, and intestinal fluid secretions were inhibited dose dependently. Extracts of Fp.CHCl3 and Fp.Aq produced reduction in spontaneous and K+ (at 80 Mm)-induced contractions in isolated jejunum tissues, along with the decreased length covered by charcoal in charcoal meal transient time activity. The extract exhibited gastroprotective outcome in rats and reduced tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α) levels and IL-18, measured by proteomic approach. Morphological studies' results showed that ethanol induced significant gastritis, apoptosis, swelling of mucosa, and hydropic degeneration leading to cellular degeneration and necrosis, observed through staining techniques. Furthermore, ethanol activated the inflammation pathway in all gastric zones by elevating the levels of cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, and nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B-cells. Overall results expressed the antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, enteropooling, antimotility, and antiulcer activities of Ficus palmata fruit extract.
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Ren S, Chen B, Ma Z, Hu H, Xie Y. Polygonum hydropiper extract attenuates ethanol-induced gastric damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10841. [PMID: 34037095 PMCID: PMC8148888 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and effective components of Polygonum hydropiper in ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions. The ethanol extract was purified on an AB-8 macroporous resin column and eluted with 60% ethanol and was then injected into the HPLC system for quantitative analysis. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally pretreated with P. hydropiper extract (PHLE; 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 5 days and then absolute ethanol was administered to induce gastric mucosal damage. One hour after ethanol ingestion, the rats were euthanized and stomach samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines were quantified. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of proteins. Cell proliferation was assayed by CCK-8 assays. The proportion of total flavonoids in the final extract of P. hydropiper was 50.05%, which contained three major bioactive flavonoid constituents, including rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin. PHLE significantly increased cell viability and effectively protected human gastric epithelial cells-1 against alcohol-induced damage in vitro. PHLE pretreatment attenuated gastric mucosal injuries in a dose-dependent manner in rats, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde in gastric tissue. Pretreatment with PHLE also reduced the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in gastric tissue by downregulating the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B. PHLE exerted protective effects against gastric injury through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Flavonoids might be the main effective components of P. hydropiper against gastric mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bangpei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhijian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Raish M, Shahid M, Bin Jardan YA, Ansari MA, Alkharfy KM, Ahad A, Abdelrahman IA, Ahmad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Gastroprotective Effect of Sinapic Acid on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling and Antiapoptotic Role. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:622815. [PMID: 33716749 PMCID: PMC7946842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.622815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of sinapic acid (SA) in terms of the mechanism underlying its gastroprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: These effects were examined through gross macroscopic evaluation of the stomach cavity [gastric ulcer index (GUI)], alteration in pH, gastric juice volume, free acidity, total acidity, total gastric wall mucus, and changes in PGE2. In addition, we evaluated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant systems (catalase and glutathione), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)], apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2), nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB (p65)], NO levels, and histopathological staining (H and E and PAS). Results: In rats with ethanol-induced ulcers, pre-treatment with SA (40 mg/kg p. o.) decreased the sternness of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries by decreasing the GUI, gastric juice volume, free acidity, and total acidity. In addition, the pH and total gastric mucosa were increased, together with histopathological alteration, neutrophil incursion, and increases in PGE2 and NO2. These effects were similar to those observed for omeprazole, a standard anti-ulcer drug. SA was shown to suppress gastric inflammation through decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO, as well as curbing gastric oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and restoration of depleted glutathione and catalase activity. SA inhibited Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 activity, and restored the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2; these findings indicate the antiapoptotic potential of SA, leading to enhanced cell survival. SA also repressed NF-κB signaling and increased IκBα. Moreover, SA upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thereby restoring depleted antioxidant defense enzymes and implicating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prophylactic administration of SA (40 mg/kg) can ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats primarily via the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling and subsequent enhancement of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shin MS, Lee J, Lee JW, Park SH, Lee IK, Choi JA, Lee JS, Kang KS. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Artemisia argyi on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer: Analytical, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for the Identification of Action Mechanism and Active Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:332. [PMID: 33572173 PMCID: PMC7914715 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia argyi is widely used as traditional medicine in East Asia. However, its effects against inflammation and gastric ulcers have not been reported yet. We analyzed anti-inflammatory activity and its molecular mechanisms of A. argyi using RAW264.7 cells line, then evaluated the curative efficacy in rats with acute gastric ulcers. Nitric oxide and IL-6 production was measured using Griess reagent and an ELISA kit. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, and mucin (MUC)1, MUC5AC, and MUC6 mRNA were determined by SYBR Green or Taqman qRT-PCR methods. The phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, and c-Jun protein were detected by western blotting. RW0117 inhibited LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production. The mRNA levels of iNOS and IL-6 were strongly suppressed. The phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and c-Jun decreased by treatment with RW0117. Oral administration of RW0117 recovered the amount of mucin mRNA and protein level that was decreased due to gastric ulcers by HCl-EtOH. A. argyi exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects and contributed to the modulation of HCl-EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Sook Shin
- Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (M.-S.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (M.-S.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Research & Development Center, Richwood Pharmaceuticals, 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.W.L.); (S.H.P.); (I.K.L.); (J.A.C.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Research & Development Center, Richwood Pharmaceuticals, 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.W.L.); (S.H.P.); (I.K.L.); (J.A.C.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Il Kyun Lee
- Research & Development Center, Richwood Pharmaceuticals, 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.W.L.); (S.H.P.); (I.K.L.); (J.A.C.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Jung A. Choi
- Research & Development Center, Richwood Pharmaceuticals, 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.W.L.); (S.H.P.); (I.K.L.); (J.A.C.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Jung Suk Lee
- Research & Development Center, Richwood Pharmaceuticals, 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.W.L.); (S.H.P.); (I.K.L.); (J.A.C.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; (M.-S.S.); (J.L.)
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Beiranvand M, Bahramikia S. Ameliorating and protective effects mesalazine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in experimental rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen Z, Ye SY, Zhu RG. The extraordinary transformation of traditional Chinese medicine: processing with liquid excipients. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:561-573. [PMID: 32615903 PMCID: PMC8641677 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1778740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: The Chinese medicinal materials originate from animals, plants, or minerals must undergo appropriate treatment before use as decoction pieces. Processing of Chinese medicines with liquid excipients is a pharmaceutical technique that transforms medicinal raw materials into decoction pieces which are significantly different from the original form. During processing, significant changes occur in chemical constituents, which inevitably affects clinical efficacy. At present, the liquid materials in processing mainly involve wine, vinegar, honey, saline water, ginger juice, herbal juice, etc.Objective: This review introduces the typical methods of liquid excipients processing, summarizes the influence on chemical composition, pharmacological efficacy, and expounds the ways and mechanisms of liquid excipients to change the properties of drugs, enhance the efficacy, eliminate or reduce toxicity and adverse reaction.Methods: English and Chinese literature from 1986 to 2020 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, and CNKI (Chinese). Liquid excipients, processing, pharmacological effects, synergism, chemical constitution, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were used as the key words.Results: Liquid excipients play a key role in the application of TCM. Processing with proper liquid excipients can change the content of toxic or active components by physical or chemical transformation, decrease or increase drug dissolution, alter drug pharmacokinetics, or exert their own pharmacological effects. Thus, processing with liquid excipients is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of TCM in clinic.Conclusion: This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in traditional Chinese herbs processed with liquid excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
- CONTACT Zhi Chen College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Rong-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
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Yang X, Yang L, Pan D, Liu H, Xia H, Wang S, Sun G. Wheat peptide protects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage through downregulation of TLR4 and MAPK. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Duran Y, Karaboğa İ, Polat FR, Polat E, Erboğa ZF, Ovalı MA, Öztopuz RÖ, Çelikkol A, Yılmaz A. Royal jelly attenuates gastric mucosal injury in a rat ethanol-induced gastric injury model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8867-8879. [PMID: 33135128 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05939-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate traditionally used Royal Jelly (RJ) for treating an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. A total of 32 Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8: group I = Control, group II = Ethanol, group III = RJ + Ethanol, and group IV = Lansoprazole + Ethanol. In groups II, III, and IV, animals were administered 1 ml of absolute ethanol orally after a 24-h fast to induce ulcer formation. The histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa were determined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemically, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa beta (Nf-κβ) markings were evaluated in gastric tissue. Cell death in the gastric mucosa was determined by the TUNEL method. Oxidative status markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were determined spectrophotometrically. Expression of the interleukin - 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) genes in gastric tissues was determined by real-time PCR; and TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1β levels were determined. RJ was found to inhibit iNOS and Nf-κβ activity in the gastric mucosa and prevent epithelial cell apoptosis. In particular, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased in the RJ + Ethanol group compared to the Ethanol group. In addition, a decrease in the MPO level indicated that RJ prevented tissue damage, especially by preventing inflammatory cell infiltration. The study demonstrated a possible gastroprotective effect of RJ in a rat ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Duran
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - İhsan Karaboğa
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, School of Health, Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Fatin Rüştü Polat
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Elif Polat
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Fidanol Erboğa
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Ovalı
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Rahime Özlem Öztopuz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Aliye Çelikkol
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Yılmaz
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Mohan S, Hobani YH, Shaheen E, Abou-Elhamd AS, Abdelhaleem A, Alhazmi HA, Abdelwahab SI. Ameliorative effect of Boesenbergin A, a chalcone isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda (Fingerroot) on oxidative stress and inflammation in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113104. [PMID: 32565307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. Kulturpfl., previously known as Boesenbergia pandurata (Family: Zingiberaceae) is a ginger species, locally known as fingerroot. It is an integral part of Southeast Asian traditional medicine in alleviating many gastrointestinal disorders such as flatulence, carminative, stomach ache, dyspepsia, and peptic ulcer. AIM OF THE STUDY Earlier we have investigated the cytoprotective effect of Boesenbergia rotunda extract. In the present study, we investigated the gastroprotection activity of Boesenbergin A (BA), a chalcone isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda extract in ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats. Besides, the contribution of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant ability of BA as probable mechanisms involved in the anti-ulcer activity, also been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS BA was orally administered in rats before ulcer induction with ethanol. The lesions of the gastric mucosa were evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically. The efficiency of BA in mucus production, NO production, PGE2 synthesis, mucosal nonprotein sulphydryls, glutathione (GSH) level, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) level were studied. The involvement of the anti-inflammatory capacity of BA was analyzed by using the measurement of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Finally, the expression of biomarkers such as HSP 70 and iNOS was analyzed at the transcriptional and translational levels. RESULTS We confirmed the protective capacity of BA via the reduction of ulcerated and haemorrhagic areas. It has induced the protection through lowering GSH, MDA and increased NP-SH level. The plasma NO levels were significantly less in BA treated rats. Both cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased together with elevated PGE2. Upregulation of HSP and downregulation of iNOS were determined in immunohistochemical and gene expression studies CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that the prophylactic effect found with BA is due to (i) boosting of gastric mucus production and suppression of inflammatory mediators, via pro-inflammatory cytokines and (ii) modulating the oxidative stress response. The usefulness of Boesenbergia rotunda in folk medicine in treating ulcers partially could be due to the presence of this chalcone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yahya Hasan Hobani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Shaheen
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Sayed Abou-Elhamd
- Department of Respiratory Care, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Aymen Abdelhaleem
- Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, PO Box 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Sofi SH, Nuraddin SM, Amin ZA, Al-Bustany HA, Nadir MQ. Gastroprotective activity of Hypericum perforatum extract in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in Wistar rats: A possible involvement of H+/K+ ATPase α inhibition. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05249. [PMID: 33102861 PMCID: PMC7569342 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum (HP) is a plant native to Asia and Europe. It has been documented to enclose medical effects against many disorders such as anxiety, depression and burns. This experiment was performed to evaluate the gastro-protective effect of Hypericum perforatum leaf extract in ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats as compared to esomeprazole (the drug of choice for stomach ulcers). The mechanism of action was performed by Auto Dock Vina method. Ethanol ingestion up regulated the inflammatory reaction as demonstrated by rise of gastric proinflammatory TNF-α with a decline of IL-1β. On the other hand, the phytochemical screening of HP revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, steroids and saponins. The high dose of HP group shows mild injuries to the gastric mucosa which is comparable to the esomeprazole group, in contrast, severe damages are observed in the gastric mucosa of the ulcer control rats group. In silico results revealed that Amentoflavone and Quercitrin have highest affinity and very good interactions with H+/K+ ATPase α active site. This study showed that HP is nearly as effective as esomeprazole to prevent ethanol induced gastric ulcer the plant extract and it has more binding affinity than esomeprazole to gastric proton pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargul H. Sofi
- Pharmacognsy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sheila M. Nuraddin
- Pharmacognsy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Zahra A. Amin
- Pharmacognsy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hazem A. Al-Bustany
- Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Marwan Q. Nadir
- Pharmacognsy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
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Chemical constituents and gastro-protective potential of Pachira glabra leaves against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:317-332. [PMID: 32914383 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a very common illness that adversely affects a significant number of people all over the globe. Phytochemical investigation of P. glabra leaf alcohol extract (PGLE) resulted in the isolation and Characterization of a new nature compound, quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1'''-6'')-(4''- O -acetyl)-β -D-galactoside (4), in addition to seven known compounds. They are ferulic acid (1), p- coumaric acid (2), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-3'-O-β-D-glucoside (3), quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1'''-6'')-(4''- O -acetyl)- β -Dgalactoside (4), quercetin-3- O-β -D-galactoside (5), 7-hydroxy maltol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), maltol-3- O-β -D-glucoside (7), and methyl coumarate (8) that were first to be isolated from the genus Pachira. PGLE demonstrated in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Moreover, the in vivo gastroprotective assessment of PGLE at different dosses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg against ethanol induced ulceration revealed a dose-dependent gastroprotection comparable to omeprazole. PGLE attenuated gastric lesions and histopathological changes triggered by ethanol. Interestingly, PGLE exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulating the expression of nuclear factor-ĸB and pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in the ulcer group. It also hindered apoptosis through decreasing Bax and increasing Bcl-2 expression hence decreasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio with a subsequent reduction in caspase 3 expression. Collectively, P. glabra is a rich reservoir of various phytochemicals reflecting a promising potential for alleviation of gastric ulcer through the mediation of inflammatory and apoptotic cascades.
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Alzokaky AAM, Abdelkader EM, El-Dessouki AM, Khaleel SA, Raslan NA. C-phycocyanin protects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats: Role of HMGB1/NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:265-277. [PMID: 32306544 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a widespread inflammatory disease with high socio-economic burden. C-phycocyanin is one of the active constituents of Spirulina microalgae, and although it is well known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its protective effects against gastric ulcer have not yet been identified. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that, once secreted extracellularly, initiates several inflammatory reactions, and it is involved in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic effects of C-phycocyanin against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer targeting HMGB1/NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. Ulcer induction showed increase in HMGB1 expression through activation of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and nuclear factor kappa p65 (NF-κB p65). Moreover, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were elevated in the ulcer-treated group compared to the normal control group. However, pre-treatment with C-phycocyanin significantly reduced HMGB1 expression via suppression of NLRP3/NF-κB, oxidative markers, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ulcer index value. These results were consistent with histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination. Thus, C-phycocyanin is a potential therapeutic strategy with anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic effects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Mageed Alzokaky
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmacology and biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology & biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science &Technology, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nahed A Raslan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Emergency, AL-Ghad International College for applied medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Aboul Naser A, Younis E, El-Feky A, Elbatanony M, Hamed M. Management of Citrus sinensis peels for protection and treatment against gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats. Biomarkers 2020; 25:349-359. [PMID: 32319821 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1759693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Stomach ulcer is one of the most prevalent disorders worldwide. The study was aimed to isolate and characterize the major polymethoxylated flavonoids in Citrus sinensis peels petroleum ether extract and investigate its protective and curative effect on gastric ulcer.Material and methods: Some spectral analyses were used for identification of the isolated compounds from the petroleum ether extract of Citrus sinensis peels. One oral dose (0.5 ml/100 g b.wt.) of absolute ethanol was orally given to rats after starvation for 24 h to induce gastric ulcer. To explore the protective and curative role of the plant extract, it was orally (250 mg/kg b.wt.) given for 1 week either before or post-ulcer induction. A reference drug, ranitidine (100 mg/kg b.wt.), was also evaluated. Stomach acidity, gastric volume, lesion counts, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (AP), interlukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were estimated. Stomach histopathological features were monitored.Results: Nine polymethoxy flavonoids were identified from the extract. Treatment with C. sinensis peels extract recorded amelioration in all parameters.Conclusion: Citrus sinensis petroleum ether peels extract had protective and curative effects against gastric ulcer. Therefore, the extract recorded anti-secretory, anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Its healing action exceeded its protective role due to its richness in polymethoxylated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Aboul Naser
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Younis
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal El-Feky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elbatanony
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Sasahara GL, Gouveia Júnior FS, Rodrigues RDO, Zampieri DS, Fonseca SGDC, Gonçalves RDCR, Athaydes BR, Kitagawa RR, Santos FA, Sousa EHS, Nagao-Dias AT, Lopes LGDF. Nitro-imidazole-based ruthenium complexes with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 206:111048. [PMID: 32151873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process triggered in response to tissue damage, and involves events related to cell recruitment, cytokines release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Failing to control the process duration lead to chronification and may be associated with the development of various pathologies, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Considering the pharmacological potential of metal-based compounds, two new ruthenium complexes were synthesized: cis-[Ru(NO2)(bpy)2(5NIM)]PF6 (1) and cis-[RuCl(bpy)2(MTZ)]PF6 (2), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, 5NIM = 5-nitroimidazole and MTZ = metronidazole. Both products were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, followed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations in order to support experimental findings. Afterwards, their in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. Compounds 1 and 2 presented expressive in vitro antioxidant activity, reducing lipid peroxidation and decreasing intracellular ROS levels with comparable effectiveness to the standard steroidal drug dexamethasone or α-tocopherol. These complexes showed no noticeable cytotoxicity on the tested cancer cell lines. Bactericidal assay against metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori, a microorganism able to disrupt oxidative balance, unraveled compound 1 moderate activity over that strain. Besides this, it was able to inhibit interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) production as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. This latter activity is remarkable, which has not been reported for other ruthenium-based complexes. Altogether, these results suggest cis-[Ru(NO2)(bpy)2(5NIM)]PF6 complex has potential pharmacological application as an anti-inflammatory agent that deserve further biological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greyce Luri Sasahara
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Dávila Souza Zampieri
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, PO Box 6021, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Brena Ramos Athaydes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Aparecida Tiemi Nagao-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Bai K, Hong B, Tan R, He J, Hong Z. Selenium Nanoparticles-Embedded Chitosan Microspheres and Their Effects Upon Alcohol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats: Rapid Preparation, Oral Delivery, and Gastroprotective Potential of Selenium Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1187-1203. [PMID: 32110016 PMCID: PMC7036990 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium (Se) is an indispensable trace element required for animals and human beings, whereas Se-deficiency can accelerate the development of acute gastric injury induced by over-consumption of alcohol. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), as a special Se-supplement with favorable properties and unique bioactivities, are expected to play a passive role in gastroprotection. To the best of our knowledge, the gastroprotective potential of SeNPs is unknown and also, a rapid preparation of orally stable SeNPs available for prospective commercial application in the clinic is needed. Thus, SeNPs-embedded chitosan microspheres (SeNPs-CM) were developed to deliver SeNPs, and their gastroprotective potential was evaluated. Results Herein, a rapid, eco-friendly and economic preparation process, composed of synthesis of SeNPs decorated by chitosan (CS), purification of CS-SeNPs by ultra-filtration (UF) and spray-drying of the purified CS-SeNPs, was introduced to prepare SeNPs-CM. The uniformly distributed SeNPs with a nanosize range of 60 nm were loaded into CS-microspheres, and they could be released from the microspheres in gastric conditions. In addition, SeNPs-CM were safer than selenite in terms of Se dose, with a LD50 of around 8-fold of that of selenite, and it could efficiently enhance the Se retention in Se-deficient Wistar rats. Furthermore, SeNPs-CM pre-treatment might significantly attenuate the ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage, based on histological evaluation. It might be partly attributed to the systematic antioxidant activities of SeNPs-CM, reflected by the reduction in lipid peroxidation, the augmentation in antioxidant enzymatic activity as well as decreasing aggressive nitric oxides (NO). Conclusion SeNPs-CM could be taken into consideration as a prospective Se-supplement for the oral delivery of SeNPs, with prominent gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Bai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Republic of China.,Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bihong Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Republic of China.,Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tan
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Republic of China.,Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin He
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Republic of China.,Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Republic of China.,Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Ansari SF, Khan AU, Qazi NG, Shah FA, Naeem K. In Vivo, Proteomic, and In Silico Investigation of Sapodilla for Therapeutic Potential in Gastrointestinal Disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4921086. [PMID: 31886219 PMCID: PMC6925776 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4921086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to delineate the effects of Manilkara zapota Linn. (Sapodilla) fruit chloroform (Mz.CHCl3) and aqueous (Mz.Aq) extracts tested through different techniques. Antidiarrheal activity and intestinal fluid accumulation were examined by using castor oil-induced diarrhea and castor oil fluid accumulation models. Isolated rabbit jejunum tissues were employed for in vitro experiments. Antimotility and antiulcer were performed through charcoal meal transient time and ethanol-induced ulcer assay, molecular studies were conducted through proteomic analysis, and virtual screening was performed by using a discovery studio visualizer (DSV). Mz.CHCl3 and Mz.Aq extracts attributed dose-dependent (50-300 mg/kg) protection (20-100%) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and dose-dependently (50-300 mg/kg) inhibited intestinal fluid secretions in mice. Mz.CHCl3 and Mz.Aq extracts produce relaxation of spontaneous and K+ (80 Mm) induced contractions in isolated tissue preparations and decreased the distance moved by charcoal in the gastrointestinal transit model in rats. It showed gastroprotective effect in ulcerative stomach of rats and decreased levels of IL-18 quantified by proteomic analysis. Histopathological results showed ethanol-induced significant gastric injury, leading to cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, apoptosis, and focal necrosis in all gastric zones using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, ethanol increased the activation and the expression of tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p-NFκB). In silico results were comparative to in vitro results evaluated through virtual screening. Moreover, ethanol increased the activation and expression of tumor necrotic factor, cyclooxygenase, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. This study exhibits the gastroprotective effect of Manilkara zapota extracts in the peritoneal cavity using a proteomic and in silico approach which reveals different energy values against target proteins, which mediate the gastrointestinal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Fatima Ansari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Neelum Gul Qazi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Komal Naeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mousa AM, El-Sammad NM, Hassan SK, Madboli AENA, Hashim AN, Moustafa ES, Bakry SM, Elsayed EA. Antiulcerogenic effect of Cuphea ignea extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:345. [PMID: 31791313 PMCID: PMC6888969 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuphea ignea is one of the herbal resources belonging to Lythraceae family. Some species of this family have been used traditionally in South and Central America's folk medicine for treating stomach disorders. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the gastropreventive effect of aqueous ethanolic extract of C. ignea aerial parts on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. METHODS Gastric ulcers were induced in Sprague Dawley rats using one oral dose of absolute ethanol (1.5 mL/rat). The C. ignea aerial parts extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight and ranitidine (a reference drug) at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight were orally administrated daily for 7 days before ulcer induction. One hour after ethanol administration blood samples were collected and then stomachs of sacrificed rats were subjected to biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic studies. RESULTS Oral administration of C. ignea extract significantly attenuated gastric ulcer as revealed by significant reduction in the gastric ulcer index and volume of gastric juice while significantly increased preventive percentage, gastric pH value and pepsin activity. Pre-treatment of C. ignea extract markedly improved the serum level of TNF-α, the gastric MPO activity and NO content. Furthermore, C. ignea pre-treatment significantly increased the gastric levels of enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidants namely CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, and GSH with concomitant reduction in MDA level compared with those in the ethanol group. These results were further supported by histopathological findings which revealed the curing effect of C. ignea on the hemorrhagic shock induced by ethanol toxicity. CONCLUSIONS C. ignea extract showed a potential gastroprotective effect on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, and its effect may be mediated through suppression of oxidative stress and gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amria M. Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sherien K. Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd El Nasser A. Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani N. Hashim
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Moustafa
- October University of Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Sherien M. Bakry
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elsayed
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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42
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Zhang C, Gao F, Gan S, He Y, Chen Z, Liu X, Fu C, Qu Y, Zhang J. Chemical characterization and gastroprotective effect of an isolated polysaccharide fraction from Bletilla striata against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The implication of the crosstalk of Nrf2 with NOXs, and HMGB1 in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer: Potential protective effect is afforded by Raspberry Ketone. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220548. [PMID: 31404064 PMCID: PMC6690542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol consumption is one of the common causative agents implicated in gastric ulcer development. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the induction and development of gastric ulceration. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are key players in ethanol-induced ulcers. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, mediates various inflammation functions. However, the role of HMGB1 in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer is not yet elucidated. Raspberry Ketone (RK) is a natural phenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, absolute ethanol (7.5 ml/kg) was used to induce gastric ulceration in rats. Raspberry Ketone (RK) (50 mg/kg) was given orally one hour before the administration of absolute ethanol. Interestingly, ethanol-induced gastric ulcer was associated with Nrf2 downregulation, which was correlated with NOX-1, 2 NOX-4, and HMGB1 upregulation, and was significantly reversed by RK pre-treatment. RK pre-treatment provided 80% gastroprotection. Gastroprotective properties of RK were mediated via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory (suppression of NF-kB and tumor necrosis factor-α), and antiapoptotic activities (reduction of Bax/Bcl2 ratio). Gastroprotective properties of RK were confirmed by histopathological examination. In conclusion, this study is the first to provide evidence to the role of HMGB1 in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, and the crosstalk of Nrf2, NOXs and HMGB1. It also demonstrates that RK represents a promising gastroprotective activity comparable to omeprazole.
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44
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Arab HH, Salama SA, Eid AH, Kabel AM, Shahin NN. Targeting MAPKs, NF‐κB, and PI3K/AKT pathways by methyl palmitate ameliorates ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22424-22438. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Samir A. Salama
- Biochemistry Division and GTMR unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology National Organization for Drug Control and Research Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Nancy N. Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
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45
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Fahmi AA, Abdur-Rahman M, Aboul Naser AF, Hamed MA, Abd-Alla HI, Nasr MI. Pulicaria crispamitigates gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats: role of treatment and auto healing. Biomarkers 2019; 24:286-294. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1556340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manal A. Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Howaida I. Abd-Alla
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Nasr
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Cairo Specialized Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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46
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Protective Effects of Dioscorea batatas Flesh and Peel Extracts against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111680. [PMID: 30400615 PMCID: PMC6266015 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a major digestive disorder and provoked by multifactorial etiologies, including excessive alcohol consumption. In this study, we examined the gastroprotective effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD; commonly called Chinese yam) flesh or peel against acidified ethanol-induced acute gastric damage in mice. Our findings demonstrated that oral supplementation of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of DBD flesh or peel before ulcer induction was significantly effective in macroscopically and histologically alleviating ethanol-induced pathological lesions in gastric mucosa, decreasing the plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide and interleukin-6, attenuating the gastric expression of cyclooxygenase-2, and increasing the gastric content of prostaglandin E2. In particular, pretreatment with the flesh extract prepared in 60% ethanol prominently decreased the expression of biomarkers of oxidative stress, including the plasma levels of 8-hydroxy-2-guanosine and malondialdehyde, and restored heme oxygenase-1 expression and superoxide dismutase activity in the stomach. Overall, these findings suggest that the oral supplementation with DBD extract, especially flesh ethanol extract, prior to excessive alcohol consumption, may exert a protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vivo, presumably through the activation of the antioxidant system and suppression of the inflammatory response.
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47
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Karaboğa I, Ovalı MA, Yılmaz A, Alpaslan M. Gastroprotective effect of apricot kernel oil in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:601-607. [PMID: 30234391 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1511064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the gastroprotective effect of apricot kernel oil on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, ethanol and apricot kernel oil + ethanol groups. The fatty acid composition of apricot kernel oil was determined using GC-MS. A gastric ulcer index was defined as the area percentage of the gastric mucosa consisting of ulcerated tissue. Gastric tissue was investigated by TUNEL staining for apoptosis, immunohistochemical iNOS staining, measurement of gastric IL-10 and IL-6 expression by ELISA and assays of catalase, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. The ethanol group exhibited a higher gastric ulcer score, increased IL-6 level, increased number of inducible nitric oxide synthase-positive and TUNEL positive cells, and a higher MDA level compared to the control group. The apricot kernel oil + ethanol group exhibited significantly fewer gastric lesions compared to the ethanol group. Apricot kernel oil protects rat gastric mucosa against ethanol induced injury by its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects, and might be useful for reducing the severity of gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Karaboğa
- a Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Health , Namık Kemal University , Tekirdag , Turkey
| | - M A Ovalı
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Canakkale , Turkey
| | - A Yılmaz
- c Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Namık Kemal University , Tekirdag , Turkey
| | - M Alpaslan
- d Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health , Namık Kemal University , Tekirdag , Turkey
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48
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Lin L, Liu XB, Zhou QY, Liu SS, Zuo MT, Zeng JG, Liu ZY. Characterization of in vitro metabolites of three tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids in rat liver S9 by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1540-1548. [PMID: 29935083 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tetrahydroberberine (THB), tetrahydrocoptisine (THCP) and tetrahydrocolumbamine (THCB) belong to the tetrahydroprotoberberine (THPB) alkaloids. Most of them have been extensively studied because of their pharmacological activities such as anti-hypertension, anti-arrhythmia, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant. However, limited information on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the three alkaloids has been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro metabolism of THB, THCP and THCB in rat liver S9 by using a rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOF-MS) method. METHODS The incubation mixture was processed with 15% trichloroacetic acid. Chromatographic separation of the three THPB alkaloids and their metabolites was achieved by HPLC/QqTOF-MS and accurate mass measurements of metabolites were automatically performed through data-dependent acquisition in only a 30-min analysis. The detailed structural elucidations of these metabolites were performed by comparing the changes in their accurate molecular masses, elemental compositions and product ions with those of the parent drug. RESULTS Five, five and four metabolites of THB, THCP and THCB were identified in rat liver S9, respectively. The results show that O-demethylenation of the 9,10-vicinal methoxyl group was the main metabolic pathway of THB and THCB and that demethylenation of the two methylenedioxy groups was the main metabolic pathway of THCP. In addition, minor oxidation and methylation reactions could occur for these alkaloids in rat liver S9. CONCLUSIONS This was the first investigation of the in vitro metabolism of THB, THCP and THCB in rat liver S9 by using a sensitive and accurate HPLC/QqTOF-MS method. The tentatively proposed metabolic pathways of the three alkaloids will provide a basis for further studies of the in vivo metabolism of the three compounds in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xiu-Bin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Sha-Sha Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Meng-Ting Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
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49
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De Sales IRP, Formiga RDO, Machado FDF, Nascimento RF, Pessoa MMB, Barros MEFX, Vieira GC, Gadelha FAAF, Marinho AF, Barbosa Filho JM, Júnior RFDA, Antunes AA, Batista LM. Cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism related to antiulcer activity of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:190-200. [PMID: 29704592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves and roots of Cissampelos sympodialis (Menispermaceae) are used by indian tribes and in folk medicine to treat genitourinary infections, inflammation, asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The standardized ethanolic extract (Cs-EtOHE) and alkaloids total fraction (Cs-TAF) obtained from aerial parts of C. sympodialis were evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The antisecretory and/or neutralizing mechanisms of the gastric acid secretion, cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms were also evaluated. RESULTS Cs-EtOHE and Cs-TAF presented a reduction in gastric mucosa lesions against ethanol, NSAIDs, hypothermic restraint-stress and gastric juice containment induced ulcer models. This activity is related to alkaloids present in the extract, and involves the participation of sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide, KATP channels, prostaglandins, decreased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and increased levels of GSH and IL-10. CONCLUSION The data indicate gastroprotective activity, due to the participation of the cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rafael Praxedes De Sales
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo De Oliveira Formiga
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Danniele Frota Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Raphaela Francelino Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Marley Bezerra Pessoa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Monique Emanuela Frutuoso Xavier Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Allysson Assis Ferreira Gadelha
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Alexsandro Fernandes Marinho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Fernandes De Araújo Júnior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology and Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Aurigena Araújo Antunes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology and Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
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50
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Lebda MA, El-Far AH, Noreldin AE, Elewa YHA, Al Jaouni SK, Mousa SA. Protective Effects of Miswak ( Salvadora persica) against Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6703296. [PMID: 30116487 PMCID: PMC6079327 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6703296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcers are among the most broadly perceived illnesses affecting individuals. Alcohol consumption is the main cause of gastric ulceration. This study assessed the protective effects of Salvadora persica (SP) extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and elucidated the conceivable underlying mechanisms involved. For this purpose, 40 rats were allotted into 4 equal groups (control, ethanol- (EtOH-) treated, and SP-treated "SP200 and SP400" groups). The control and EtOH-treated groups were given phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and both the SP200 and SP400 groups were given SP extract dissolved in PBS at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., respectively. All treatments were given orally for 7 constitutive days. On the 8th day, all rats were fasted for 24 h followed by oral gavage of PBS in the control group and chilled absolute ethanol solution (5 ml/kg b.w.) in the EtOH- and SP-treated groups to induce gastric lesions. One hour later, the rats were sacrificed and the stomachs were harvested. Gross and microscopic examinations of the EtOH-treated group showed severe gastric hemorrhagic necrosis, submucosal edema, destruction of epithelial cells, and reduced glycoprotein content at the mucus surface. These pathological lesions were defeated by SP extract treatment. Administration of SP extract modulated the oxidative stress and augmented the antioxidant defenses. The elevated ethanol-expressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) genes, as well as bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were diminished in the SP-treated group. Curiously, SP extract upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene expression comparable to that of the EtOH-treated rats. Aggregately, SP exerted antiulcer activities in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rat models via modulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, mitigation of proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis, as well as remodeling of both NOS isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Lebda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Yaser H. A. Elewa
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Scientific Chair of Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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