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Zhang Q, Li Y, Hu H, Tian M, Cao T, Wu H, Wu W, Zhang G. Serum arsenic augments gallstone risk in Henan rural cohort with multiple metal exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175991. [PMID: 39236814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People are exposed to metals in various ways during their daily lives. However, the association between metal exposure and gallstones remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between serum elemental concentrations and the risk of gallstones. METHODS Participants (n = 4204) were drawn from the Henan Rural Cohort. Gallstone diagnosis was based on abdominal ultrasound reports during follow-up. Baseline serum elemental concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The relationship between serum elemental levels and gallstones was evaluated using robust Poisson regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), quantile g-computation (Qgcomp), grouped weighted quantile sum (GWQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS 121 individuals were diagnosed with gallstone (incidence rate of 2.88 %). In robust Poisson regression, after adjusting for confounding factors, the highest quartile of arsenic concentration compared to the lowest quartile had a 1.90 times higher relative risk (RR) [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 3.44]. Conversely, the highest quartile of zinc concentration compared to the lowest quartile had a 0.50 times lower RR (95 % CI: 0.28, 0.89). RCS showed an approximately "S"-shaped nonlinear relationship between serum arsenic levels and gallstones, with increasing arsenic concentration leading to a higher risk of gallstones; however, the risk plateaued when arsenic concentration exceeded 0.62 μg/L. Both the Qgcomp and GWQS indicated that arsenic plays a significant role in increasing the risk of gallstones, whereas zinc plays a significant role in reducing the risk of gallstones. BKMR showed that raising arsenic exposure from the 25th to the 75th percentile increased the risk of gallstones, while raising serum zinc concentration reduced it. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum arsenic concentration increases the risk of gallstones, whereas higher zinc concentration may reduce the risk. Effective prevention of gallstones may require further reduction of arsenic exposure and appropriate increases in zinc intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yating Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Han Hu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Meichen Tian
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Guofu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
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Cai P, He H, Song X, Qiu T, Chen D, Zhang H. Association between gestational arsenic exposure and infant physical development: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2292. [PMID: 39174974 PMCID: PMC11342644 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic pollution is widespread worldwide. The association between gestational arsenic exposure and adverse birth outcomes has been demonstrated in previous studies; however, few investigations have examined whether gestational arsenic exposure has adverse effects on infant growth and development after birth. OBJECTIVE Our study was designed to evaluate particular associations between gestational arsenic exposure during pregnancy and newborn birth size and to investigate whether these associations continue to affect infants after birth. METHODS An ongoing prospective cohort study of 1100 pregnant women was conducted at the Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital. The total urinary arsenic concentrations in the 2nd and 3rd trimester were determined using atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The relationships between urinary arsenic concentration and foetal growth parameters (birth weight, head circumference, length, and ponderal index), SGA (Small for gestational age), and physical growth of infants within one year after birth were analysed. RESULTS Urinary arsenic concentration in the 3rd trimester was associated with an increased incidence of SGA [adjusted model: OR = 2.860 (95% CI: 1.168, 7.020), P = 0.021)]. Arsenic exposure in late pregnancy had an adverse effect on the physical development of infants before the age of 1 year, and there was an interaction effect with the sex of infants. The weight and length of boys at 6 and 12 months negatively correlated with maternal urinary arsenic levels during late pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS In addition to affecting foetal growth, exposure to arsenic in the 3rd trimester also negatively affected the growth of offspring within the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyuan Cai
- Experimental Teaching Center of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hongning He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, China.
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Margiana R, Hamoud Alshahrani S, Kayumova D, Hussien Radie Alawadi A, Hjazi A, Alsalamy A, Qasim QA, Juyal A, Garousi N. Association between maternal exposure to arsenic by drinking water during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2947-2956. [PMID: 37967266 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2280155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The relation of exposure to arsenic in drinking water during pregnancy to the risk of preterm birth (PTB) was contradictory. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between drinking water arsenic and PTB. A systematic search in PubMed and Scopus was performed to achieve all relevant studies. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to pool data using the random-effect models. Overall, 11 studies with a total sample size of 3,404,189 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Arsenic exposure through drinking water during pregnancy was related to an increased risk of PTB (OR = 1.06; 95%CI = 1.01-1.10 for highest versus lowest category of arsenic), with significant heterogeneity across the studies (I2 = 84.8%, P = 0.001). This finding was supported by cohort studies (OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.01-1.10). This meta-analysis proposes that higher arsenic exposure in drinking water may be a risk factor for PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Dilrabo Kayumova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ahmed Hussien Radie Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | | | - Ashima Juyal
- Electronics & Communication engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Nazila Garousi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wu T, Luo C, Li T, Zhang C, Chen HX, Mao YT, Wu YT, Huang HF. Effects of exposure to multiple metallic elements in the first trimester of pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13682. [PMID: 38925571 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to certain heavy metals has been demonstrated to be associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (PTB). However, studies focused on the effects of other metal mixtures were limited. A nested case‒control study enrolling 94 PTB cases and 282 controls was conducted. Metallic elements were detected in maternal plasma collected in the first trimester using inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry. The effect of maternal exposure on the risk of PTB was investigated using logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, restricted cubic spline (RCS), quantile g computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Vanadium (V) and arsenic (As) were positively associated with PTB risk in the logistic model, and V remains positively associated in the multi-exposure logistic model. QGC analysis determined V (69.42%) and nickel (Ni) (70.30%) as the maximum positive and negative contributors to the PTB risk, respectively. BKMR models further demonstrated a positive relationship between the exposure levels of the mixtures and PTB risk, and V was identified as the most important independent variable among the elements. RCS analysis showed an inverted U-shape effect of V and gestational age, and plasma V more than 2.18 μg/L was considered a risk factor for shortened gestation length. Exposure to metallic elements mixtures consisting of V, As, cobalt, Ni, chromium and manganese in the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of PTB, and V was considered the most important factor in the mixtures in promoting the incidence of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xi Chen
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ting Mao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai, China
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Zhang XY, Zhang YH, Guo YY, Luo Y, Xu SS, Lu X, Liang NN, Wu HY, Huang YC, Xu DX. Arsenic exposure causes decline in sperm motility accompanied by energy metabolism disorders in mouse testes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124060. [PMID: 38685555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a notorious environmental toxicant widely present in various natural environments. As exposure has been correlated with the decline in sperm motility. Yet, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Adult male C57 mice were given 0, 1, or 15 mg/L NaAsO2 for 10 weeks. The mature seminiferous tubules and sperm count were decreased in As-exposed mice. Sperm motility and several sperm motility parameters, including average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), beat-cross frequency (BCF), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), were declined in As-exposed mice. RNA sequencing and transcriptomics analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. Untargeted metabolomics analyses indicated that energy metabolism was disrupted in As-exposed mouse testes. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were disturbed in As-exposed mouse testes. As-induced disruption of testicular glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation was further validated by RT-PCR and Western blotting. In conclusion, As exposure causes decline in sperm motility accompanied by energy metabolism disorders in mouse testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Hao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue-Yue Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xu
- Department of Public Health and General Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Hoover JH, Coker ES, Erdei E, Luo L, Begay D, MacKenzie D, Lewis J. Preterm Birth and Metal Mixture Exposure among Pregnant Women from the Navajo Birth Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127014. [PMID: 38109118 PMCID: PMC10727039 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth (PTB), defined as birth before 37 wk gestation, is associated with hypertension, diabetes, inadequate prenatal care, unemployment or poverty, and metal exposure. Indigenous individuals are more likely to have maternal risk factors associated with PTB compared with other populations in the United States; however, the role of environmental metals on PTB among pregnant Indigenous women remains uncertain. Previous research identified associations between PTB and individual metals, but there is limited investigation on metal mixtures and this birth outcome. OBJECTIVES We used a mixtures analysis framework to investigate the association between metal mixtures and PTB among pregnant Indigenous women from the Navajo Birth Cohort Study (NBCS). METHODS Maternal urine and blood samples were collected at the time of study enrollment and analyzed for metals by inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry. Bayesian Profile Regression was used to identify subgroups (clusters) of individuals with similar patterns of coexposure and to model association with PTB. RESULTS Results indicated six subgroups of maternal participants with distinct exposure profiles, including one group with low exposure to all metals and one group with total arsenic, cadmium, lead, and uranium concentrations exceeding representative concentrations calculated from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Compared with the reference group (i.e., the lowest exposure subgroup), the subgroup with the highest overall exposure had a relative risk of PTB of 2.9 times (95% credible interval: 1.1, 6.1). Exposures in this subgroup were also higher overall than NHANES median values for women 14-45 years of age. DISCUSSION Given the wide range of exposures and elevated PTB risk for the most exposed subgroups in a relatively small study, follow-up investigation is recommended to evaluate associations between metal mixture profiles and other birth outcomes and to test hypothesized mechanisms of action for PTB and oxidative stress caused by environmental metals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. Hoover
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric S. Coker
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Esther Erdei
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - David Begay
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Debra MacKenzie
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - NBCS Study Team
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Ortiz-Garcia NY, Cipriano Ramírez AI, Juarez K, Brand Galindo J, Briceño G, Calderon Martinez E. Maternal Exposure to Arsenic and Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49177. [PMID: 38130554 PMCID: PMC10734558 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure is a significant public health issue, with harmful effects caused by its use in commercial products such as car batteries, pesticides, and herbicides. Arsenic has three main compounds: inorganic, organic, and arsine gas. Inorganic arsenic compounds in water are highly toxic. The daily intake of arsenic from food and beverages is between 20 and 300 mcg/day. Arsenic is known for its carcinogenic properties and is classified as a human carcinogen by different institutions. Exposure can lead to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and epigenetic deregulation, which can cause endocrine disorders, altered signal transduction pathways, and cell proliferation. In addition, arsenic can easily cross the placenta, making it a critical concern for maternal and fetal health. Exposure can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, anemia, low birth weight, miscarriage, and congenital anomalies. Female babies are particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of arsenic exposure, with a higher risk of low weight for gestational age and congenital cardiac anomalies. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and regulate the levels of arsenic in drinking water and food sources to prevent these adverse health outcomes. Further research is necessary to fully understand the impact of arsenic exposure on human health, especially during pregnancy and infancy, by implementing preventative measures and monitoring the levels of arsenic in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Juarez
- Infectious Disease, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, MEX
| | | | - Gabriela Briceño
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Oriente, Barcelona, VEN
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Song YP, Lv JW, Zhang ZC, Qian QH, Fan YJ, Chen DZ, Zhang H, Xu FX, Zhang C, Huang Y, Wang H, Wei W, Xu DX. Effects of Gestational Arsenic Exposures on Placental and Fetal Development in Mice: The Role of Cyr61 m6A. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:97004. [PMID: 37682722 PMCID: PMC10489955 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological investigations demonstrated that maternal arsenic (As) exposure elevated risk of fetal growth restriction (FGR), but the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of gestational As exposure on placental and fetal development and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Dams were exposed to 0.15, 1.5, and 15 mg / L NaAsO 2 throughout pregnancy via drinking water. Sizes of fetuses and placentas, placental histopathology, and glycogen content were measured. Placental RNA sequencing was conducted. Human trophoblasts were exposed to NaAsO 2 (2 μ M ) to establish an in vitro model of As exposure. The mRNA stability and protein level of genes identified through RNA sequencing were measured. N 6 -Methyladenosine (m 6 A ) modification was detected by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reason (qPCR). The binding ability of insulin-like growth factor 2 binding protein 2 to the gene of interest was detected by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-qPCR. Intracellular S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and methyltransferase activity were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and colorimetry, respectively. In vitro As + 3 methyltransferase (As3MT) knockdown or SAM supplementation and in vivo folic acid (FA) supplementation were used to evaluate the protective effect. A case-control study verified the findings. RESULTS Sizes of fetuses (exposed to 1.5 and 15 mg / L NaAsO 2 ) and placentas (exposed to 15 mg / L NaAsO 2 ) were lower in As-exposed mice. More glycogen + trophoblasts accumulated and the expression of markers of interstitial invasion was lower in the 15 mg / L NaAsO 2 -exposed mouse group in comparison with control. Placental RNA sequencing identified cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) as a candidate gene of interest. Mechanistically, mice and cells exposed to As had lower protein expression of CYR61, and this was attributed to a lower incidence of Cyr61 m 6 A . Furthermore, cells exposed to As had lower methyltransferase activity, suggesting that this could be the mechanism by which Cyr61 m 6 A was affected. Depletion of intracellular SAM, a cofactor for m 6 A methyltransferase catalytic domain, partially contributed to As-induced methyltransferase activity reduction. Either As3MT knockdown or SAM supplementation attenuated As-induced Cyr61 m 6 A down-regulation. In mice, FA supplementation rescued As-induced defective trophoblastic invasion and FGR. In humans, a negative correlation between maternal urinary As and plasma CYR61 was observed in infants who were small for gestational age. DISCUSSION Using in vitro and in vivo models, we found that intracellular SAM depletion-mediated Cyr61 m 6 A down-regulation partially contributed to As-induced defective trophoblastic invasion and FGR. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12207.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Song
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Wei Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Hua Qian
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dao-Zhen Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Education Ministry of China, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wei L, Chen X, Huang H, Zhang R, Shen S, Duan W, Su L, Yu H, Christiani DC, Wei Y, Chen F. Novel trace elements detected in multiple stages of pregnancy impact neonatal birth weight by affecting gestational age. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114475. [PMID: 38321690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to elements may be associated with birth weight via shortening of gestation. This study aimed to determine if prenatal exposure is associated with birth weight, and to explore the potential mediating role of gestational age in the association. Within an established Bangladesh prospective birth cohort (2008-2011), we analyzed the concentrations of 15 elements in maternal serum samples collected during the first (n = 780) and second (n = 610) trimesters using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mediation analyses explored the relationships between these elements, gestational age, and birth weight. Serum concentrations of cobalt (Co) (first trimester: b = 56.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.5-99.0; false discovery rate [FDR]-q = 0.035; second trimester: b = 73.3; 95% CI: 20.4-130.2; FDR-q = 0.037) and antimony (Sb) in both trimesters (first trimester:b = 92.1; 95% CI: 66.0-118.9; FDR-q < 0.001; second trimester: b = 93.3; 95% CI: 67.3-118.4; FDR-q < 0.001), and strontium (Sr) in the first trimester (b = 142.4; 95% CI: 41.6-247.9; FDR-q = 0.035) were positively associated with birth weight, while negative associations were observed for barium (Ba) (first trimester: b = -154.8; 95% CI: -217.9 to 91.8; FDR-q <0.001; second trimester: b = -26.7; 95% CI: -44.9 to 10.2; FDR-q < 0.001). These elements act partially by affecting gestation age and appear to have heightened impact among smaller infants. Further research is needed to determine the biological underpinnings of these effects, which may inform strategies to avert low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmin Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weiwei Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - David C Christiani
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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10
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Xu FX, Chen X, Zhang H, Fan YJ, Song YP, Lv JW, Xie YL, Huang Y, Chen DZ, Wang H, Xu DX. Association between gestational arsenic exposure and intrauterine growth restriction: the role of folate content. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89652-89661. [PMID: 35857162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gestational arsenic (As) exposure is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study explored the association among gestational As exposure, IUGR, and reduction of folate content in maternal and umbilical plasma from 530 mother-and-singleton-offspring pairs. Birth weight (BW) was negatively correlated with As in maternal plasma (r=-0.194, P<0.001) and umbilical plasma (r=-0.235, P<0.001). By contrast, a positive correlation was found between BW and maternal folate content (r=0.198, P<0.001). The subjects were divided into As-L and As-H groups. The influence of As-H on small for gestational age (SGA) infants, a marker of IUGR, was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression that excludes interferences of gestational age, infant sex, and other confounding factors. Mothers with As-H had an elevated risk of SGA infants (adjusted OR, 2.370; P<0.05). Interestingly, maternal folate content was lower in subjects with As-H than those with As-L (22.4±10.7 vs 11.2±6.7 nmol/L, P<0.001). Linear correlation models show that As level was negatively correlated with folate content in maternal plasma (r=-0.615, P<0.001) and umbilical plasma (r=-0.209, P<0.001). Moreover, maternal folate reduction has an obvious mediating effect between increased As and decreased BW (β=-0.078, P<0.05). Our results indicate that folate reduction may be a mediator between gestational As exposure and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Song
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin-Wei Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ya-Li Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dao-Zhen Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
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11
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Rachamalla M, Chinthada J, Kushwaha S, Putnala SK, Sahu C, Jena G, Niyogi S. Contemporary Comprehensive Review on Arsenic-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity and Mechanisms of Phytonutrient Intervention. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120744. [PMID: 36548577 PMCID: PMC9784647 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a poisonous metalloid that is toxic to both humans and animals. Drinking water contamination has been linked to the development of cancer (skin, lung, urinary bladder, and liver), as well as other disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and developmental damage. According to epidemiological studies, As contributes to male infertility, sexual dysfunction, poor sperm quality, and developmental consequences such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, and small for gestational age (SGA). Arsenic exposure negatively affected male reproductive systems by lowering testicular and accessory organ weights, and sperm counts, increasing sperm abnormalities and causing apoptotic cell death in Leydig and Sertoli cells, which resulted in decreased testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, during male reproductive toxicity, several molecular signalling pathways, such as apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy are involved. Phytonutrient intervention in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity in various species has received a lot of attention over the years. The current review provides an in-depth summary of the available literature on arsenic-induced male toxicity, as well as therapeutic approaches and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Joshi Chinthada
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sravan Kumar Putnala
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Chittaranjan Sahu
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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12
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Song YP, Lv JW, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang ZC, Fan YJ, Zhang C, Gao L, Huang Y, Wang H, Xu DX. DNA hydroxymethylation reprogramming of β-oxidation genes mediates early-life arsenic-evoked hepatic lipid accumulation in adult mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128511. [PMID: 35739688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders are becoming an epidemic disease endangering public health in countries. Environmental factors are mainly reason for the growth of metabolic disorders. Previous research suggests that DNA methylation is a potential mechanism. Recently, it has been reported that DNA hydroxymethylation is also a stable marker of epigenetic reprogramming. Hence, the study aims to investigate whether DNA hydroxymehylation mediates early-life environmental stress-evoked metabolic disorder in adulthood. Mice were orally administered with arsenic (As), an environmental stressor, throughout pregnancy. We show that early-life As exposure induces glucose intolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation in adulthood. Early-life As exposure alters epigenetic reprogramming and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes including β-oxidation-specific genes in adulthood. Of interest, early-life As exposure alters epigenetic reprogramming of hepatic lipid metabolism partially through reducing DNA hydroxymethylation modification of β-oxidation-related genes in developing liver. Mechanistically, early-life As exposure suppresses ten-eleven translocation (TET) activity through downregulating isocitrate dehydrogenases (Idh) and reducing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) content in the developing liver. In addition, early-life As exposure inhibits TET1 binding to CpG-rich fragments of β-oxidation-related genes in developing liver. This study provide novel evidence that early-life environmental stress leads to later life metabolic disorders by altering hepatic DNA hydroxymethylation reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Song
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin-Wei Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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13
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Wu Y, Wang J, Wei Y, Chen J, Kang L, Long C, Wu S, Shen L, Wei G. Maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and preterm birth: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118264. [PMID: 34606968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the second most common cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The etiology of preterm birth has not yet been elucidated. Although maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase the risk for preterm birth, associations have not been confirmed. We performed a meta-analysis to elucidate the relationships between maternal exposure to EDCs and preterm birth. A systematic search of PubMed, Ovid-EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) for relevant published studies providing quantitative data on the association between maternal EDC exposure and preterm birth in humans was conducted in July 2021. To calculate the overall estimates, we pooled the adjusted regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from each study by the inverse variance method. A total of 59 studies were included. The pooled results indicated that maternal exposure to metals (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.29) and phthalates (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.42) was related to an increased risk for preterm birth. Specifically, maternal exposure to lead, cadmium, chromium, copper and manganese appeared to be correlated with an elevated risk for preterm birth. Additionally, maternal exposure to monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was also associated with preterm birth. In conclusion, maternal exposure to metals and phthalates may increase the risk for preterm birth based on current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Kang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Lv JW, Song YP, Zhang ZC, Fan YJ, Xu FX, Gao L, Zhang XY, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu DX. Gestational arsenic exposure induces anxiety-like behaviors in adult offspring by reducing DNA hydroxymethylation in the developing brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112901. [PMID: 34673408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies found that reduction of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a marker of DNA hydroxymethylation highly enriched in developing brain, is associated with anxiety-like behaviors. This study aimed to investigate whether gestational arsenic (As) exposure induces anxiety-like behaviors in adult offspring by reducing DNA hydroxymethylation in the developing brain. The dams drank ultrapure water containing NaAsO2 (15 mg/L) throughout pregnancy. Anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated and developing brain 5hmC was detected. Results showed that anxiety-like behaviors were observed in As-exposed adult offspring. In addition, 5hmC content was reduced in As-exposed fetal brain. Despite no difference on Tet1, Tet2 and Tet3 expression, TET activity was suppressed in As-exposed fetal brain. Mechanistically, alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a cofactor for TET dioxygenases, was reduced and Idh2, a key enzymatic gene for mitochondrial α-KG synthesis, was downregulated in As-exposed fetal brain. Of interest, ascorbic acid, a cofactor for TET dioxygenases, reversed As-induced suppression of TET activity. Moreover, ascorbic acid attenuated As-induced reduction of 5hmC in fetal brain. In addition, ascorbic acid alleviated As-induced anxiety-like behaviors in adult offspring. Taken together, these results suggest that gestational As exposure induces anxiety-like behaviors in adult offspring, possibly at part, by inhibiting DNA hydroxymethylation in developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ya-Ping Song
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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15
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Gao L, Cui AQ, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang XY, Lin ZJ, Chen YH, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu DX. Paternal exposure to microcystin-LR induces fetal growth restriction partially through inhibiting cell proliferation and vascular development in placental labyrinth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60032-60040. [PMID: 34155591 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) has reproductive and developmental toxicities. Previous studies indicated that gestational exposure to MC-LR induced fetal growth restriction in mice. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the effect of paternal MC-LR exposure before mating on fetal development. Male mice were intraperitoneally injected with either normal saline or MC-LR (10 μg/kg) daily for 35 days. Male mouse was then mated with female mice with 1:1 ratio. There was no significant difference on the rates of mating and pregnancy between MC-LR-exposed male mice and controls. Body weight and crown-rump length were reduced in fetuses whose fathers were exposed to MC-LR. Despite no difference on relative thickness of labyrinthine layer, cell proliferation, as measured by Ki67 immunostaining, was reduced in labyrinth layer of MC-LR-exposed mice. Moreover, blood sinusoid area in labyrinth layer was decreased in the fetus whose father was exposed to MC-LR before mating. Correspondingly, cross-sectional area of CD34-positive blood vessel in labyrinth layer was lower in fetuses whose fathers were exposed to MC-LR than in controls. These results provide evidence that paternal MC-LR exposure before mating induces fetal growth restriction partially through inhibiting cell proliferation and vascular development in labyrinth layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - An-Qi Cui
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Lin
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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16
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Bae S, Kamynina E, Guetterman HM, Farinola AF, Caudill MA, Berry RJ, Cassano PA, Stover PJ. Provision of folic acid for reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 10:CD012649. [PMID: 34661903 PMCID: PMC8522704 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012649.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is a common environmental toxin. Exposure to arsenic (particularly its inorganic form) through contaminated food and drinking water is an important public health burden worldwide, and is associated with increased risk of neurotoxicity, congenital anomalies, cancer, and adverse neurodevelopment in children. Arsenic is excreted following methylation reactions, which are mediated by folate. Provision of folate through folic acid supplements could facilitate arsenic methylation and excretion, thereby reducing arsenic toxicity. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of provision of folic acid (through fortified foods or supplements), alone or in combination with other nutrients, in lessening the burden of arsenic-related health outcomes and reducing arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed populations. SEARCH METHODS In September 2020, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, 10 other international databases, nine regional databases, and two trials registers. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing the provision of folic acid (at any dose or duration), alone or in combination with other nutrients or nutrient supplements, with no intervention, placebo, unfortified food, or the same nutrient or supplements without folic acid, in arsenic-exposed populations of all ages and genders. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included two RCTs with 822 adults exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water in Bangladesh. The RCTs compared 400 µg/d (FA400) or 800 µg/d (FA800) folic acid supplements, given for 12 or 24 weeks, with placebo. One RCT, a multi-armed trial, compared FA400 plus creatine (3 g/d) to creatine alone. We judged both RCTs at low risk of bias in all domains. Due to differences in co-intervention, arsenic exposure, and participants' nutritional status, we could not conduct meta-analyses, and therefore, provide a narrative description of the data. Neither RCT reported on cancer, all-cause mortality, neurocognitive function, or congenital anomalies. Folic acid supplements alone versus placebo Blood arsenic. In arsenic-exposed individuals, FA likely reduces blood arsenic concentrations compared to placebo (2 studies, 536 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). For folate-deficient and folate-replete participants who received arsenic-removal water filters as a co-intervention, FA800 reduced blood arsenic levels more than placebo (percentage change (%change) in geometric mean (GM) FA800 -17.8%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) -25.0 to -9.8; placebo GM -9.5%, 95% CI -16.5 to -1.8; 1 study, 406 participants). In one study with 130 participants with low baseline plasma folate, FA400 reduced total blood arsenic (%change FA400 mean (M) -13.62%, standard error (SE) ± 2.87; placebo M -2.49%, SE ± 3.25), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) concentrations (%change FA400 M -22.24%, SE ± 2.86; placebo M -1.24%, SE ± 3.59) more than placebo. Inorganic arsenic (InAs) concentrations reduced in both groups (%change FA400 M -18.54%, SE ± 3.60; placebo M -10.61%, SE ± 3.38). There was little to no change in dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in either group. Urinary arsenic. In arsenic-exposed individuals, FA likely reduces the proportion of total urinary arsenic excreted as InAs (%InAs) and MMA (%MMA) and increases the proportion excreted as DMA (%DMA) to a greater extent than placebo (2 studies, 546 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), suggesting that FA enhances arsenic methylation. In a mixed folate-deficient and folate-replete population (1 study, 352 participants) receiving arsenic-removal water filters as a co-intervention, groups receiving FA had a greater decrease in %InAs (within-person change FA400 M -0.09%, 95% CI -0.17 to -0.01; FA800 M -0.14%, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.06; placebo M 0.05%, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.10), a greater decrease in %MMA (within-person change FA400 M -1.80%, 95% CI -2.53 to -1.07; FA800 M -2.60%, 95% CI -3.35 to -1.85; placebo M 0.15%, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.68), and a greater increase in %DMA (within-person change FA400 M 3.25%, 95% CI 1.81 to 4.68; FA800 M 4.57%, 95% CI 3.20 to 5.95; placebo M -1.17%, 95% CI -2.18 to -0.17), compared to placebo. In 194 participants with low baseline plasma folate, FA reduced %InAs (%change FA400 M -0.31%, SE ± 0.04; placebo M -0.13%, SE ± 0.04) and %MMA (%change FA400 M -2.6%, SE ± 0.37; placebo M -0.71%, SE ± 0.43), and increased %DMA (%change FA400 M 5.9%, SE ± 0.82; placebo M 2.14%, SE ± 0.71), more than placebo. Plasma homocysteine: In arsenic-exposed individuals, FA400 likely reduces homocysteine concentrations to a greater extent than placebo (2 studies, 448 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), in the mixed folate-deficient and folate-replete population receiving arsenic-removal water filters as a co-intervention (%change in GM FA400 -23.4%, 95% CI -27.1 to -19.5; placebo -1.3%, 95% CI -5.3 to 3.1; 1 study, 254 participants), and participants with low baseline plasma folate (within-person change FA400 M -3.06 µmol/L, SE ± 3.51; placebo M -0.05 µmol/L, SE ± 4.31; 1 study, 194 participants). FA supplements plus other nutrient supplements versus nutrient supplements alone In arsenic-exposed individuals who received arsenic-removal water filters as a co-intervention, FA400 plus creatine may reduce blood arsenic concentrations more than creatine alone (%change in GM FA400 + creatine -14%, 95% CI -22.2 to -5.0; creatine -7.0%, 95% CI -14.8 to 1.5; 1 study, 204 participants; low-certainty evidence); may not change urinary arsenic methylation indices (FA400 + creatine: %InAs M 13.2%, SE ± 7.0; %MMA M 10.8, SE ± 4.1; %DMA M 76, SE ± 7.8; creatine: %InAs M 14.8, SE ± 5.5; %MMA M 12.8, SE ± 4.0; %DMA M 72.4, SE ±7.6; 1 study, 190 participants; low-certainty evidence); and may reduce homocysteine concentrations to a greater extent (%change in GM FA400 + creatinine -21%, 95% CI -25.2 to -16.4; creatine -4.3%, 95% CI -9.0 to 0.7; 1 study, 204 participants; low-certainty evidence) than creatine alone. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is moderate-certainty evidence that FA supplements may benefit blood arsenic concentration, urinary arsenic methylation profiles, and plasma homocysteine concentration versus placebo. There is low-certainty evidence that FA supplements plus other nutrients may benefit blood arsenic and plasma homocysteine concentrations versus nutrients alone. No studies reported on cancer, all-cause mortality, neurocognitive function, or congenital anomalies. Given the limited number of RCTs, more studies conducted in diverse settings are needed to assess the effects of FA on arsenic-related health outcomes and arsenic toxicity in arsenic-exposed adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajin Bae
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elena Kamynina
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Adetutu F Farinola
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Berry
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Negro Silva LF, Makhani K, Lemaire M, Lemarié CA, Plourde D, Bolt AM, Chiavatti C, Bohle DS, Lehoux S, Goldberg MS, Mann KK. Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal and Early Life Inorganic and Methylated Arsenic Exposure on Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Composition in Adult ApoE-/- Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57008. [PMID: 34014776 PMCID: PMC8136521 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies indicate that early life arsenic exposures are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Different oxidation and methylation states of arsenic exist in the environment and are formed in vivo via the action of arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3MT). Methylated arsenicals are pro-atherogenic postnatally, but pre- and perinatal effects are unclear. This is particularly important because methylated arsenicals are known to cross the placenta. OBJECTIVES We tested the effects of early life exposure to inorganic and methylated arsenicals on atherosclerotic plaque formation and its composition in apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE-/-) mice and evaluated whether apoE-/- mice lacking As3MT expression were susceptible to this effect. METHODS We exposed apoE-/- or apoE-/-/As3MT-/- mice to 200 ppb inorganic or methylated arsenic in the drinking water from conception to weaning and assessed atherosclerotic plaques in the offspring at 18 wk of age. Mixed regression models were used to estimate the mean difference in each outcome relative to controls, adjusting for sex and including a random effects term to account for within-litter clustering. RESULTS Early life exposure to inorganic arsenic, and more profoundly methylated arsenicals, resulted in significantly larger plaques in the aortic arch and sinus in both sexes. Lipid levels in these plaques were higher without a substantial difference in macrophage numbers. Smooth muscle cell content was not altered, but collagen content was lower. Importantly, there were sex-specific differences in these observations, where males had higher lipids and lower collagen in the plaque, but females did not. In mice lacking As3MT, arsenic did not alter the plaque size, although the size was highly variable. In addition, control apoE-/-/As3MT-/- mice had significantly larger plaque size compared with control apoE-/-. CONCLUSION This study shows that early life exposure to inorganic and methylated arsenicals is pro-atherogenic with sex-specific differences in plaque composition and a potential role for As3MT in mice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8171.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Makhani
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryse Lemaire
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine A. Lemarié
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- EA3878, European University of Occidental Brittany, Brest, France
- UMR 1078, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale, Brest, France
| | - Dany Plourde
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alicia M. Bolt
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Chiavatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Scott Bohle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lehoux
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Koren K. Mann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhang XY, Wang B, Xu S, Wang J, Gao L, Song YP, Lv JW, Xu FX, Li J, Chen J, Cui AQ, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu DX. Reactive oxygen species-evoked genotoxic stress mediates arsenic-induced suppression of male germ cell proliferation and decline in sperm quality. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124768. [PMID: 33310327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether genotoxic stress mediates arsenic (As)-induced decline in sperm quality. Mice drank ultrapure water containing NaAsO2 (15 mg/L) for 70 days. The mature seminiferous tubules and epididymal sperm count were reduced in As-exposed mice. Cell proliferation, determined by immunostaining with Ki67, was suppressed in As-exposed seminiferous tubules and GC-1 cells. PCNA, a proliferation marker, was reduced in As-exposed mouse testes. Cell growth index was decreased in As-exposed GC-1 cells. Flow analysis showed that As-exposed GC-1 cells were retarded at G2/M phase. CDK1 and cyclin B1 were reduced in As-exposed GC-1 cells and mouse testes. Additional experiment revealed that p-ATR, a marker of genotoxic stress, was elevated in As-exposed mouse testes and GC-1 cells. Accordingly, p-p53 and p21, two downstream molecules of ATR, were increased in As-exposed GC-1 cells. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), measured by immunofluorescence, and DNA-strand break, determined by Comet assay, were observed in As-exposed GC-1 cells. γH2AX, a marker of DNA-strand break, was elevated in As-exposed seminiferous tubules and GC-1 cells. NAC alleviated As-evoked DNA damage, genotoxic stress, cell proliferation inhibition and sperm count reduction. In conclusion, ROS-evoked genotoxic stress mediates As-induced germ cell proliferation inhibition and decline in sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Ya-Ping Song
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Jin-Wei Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - An-Qi Cui
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China.
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19
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Lan C, Liu Y, Li Q, Wang B, Xue T, Chen J, Jiangtulu B, Ge S, Wang X, Gao M, Yu Y, Xu Y, Zhao X, Li Z. Internal metal(loid)s are potentially involved in the association between ambient fine particulate matter and blood pressure: A repeated-measurement study in north China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129146. [PMID: 33338725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on blood pressure have been widely reported. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the underlying roles of particulate matter components. We aimed to investigate the association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and blood pressure, as well as the potential effects of trace metal(loid)s, in a repeated-measurement study that enrolled women of childbearing age. Our study included 35 participants from Hebei Province, China, each of whom was visited for five times. During each visit, we conducted questionnaire surveys, measured blood pressure, and collected blood. The daily PM2.5 exposure of participants was estimated according to their residential addresses using a spatiotemporal model that combined monitoring data with satellite measurements and chemical-transport model simulations. This model was used to calculate average PM2.5 concentrations in 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days prior to each visit. Serum concentrations of various trace metal(loid)s were measured. A linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate associations among study variables. Overall, the mean (standard deviation) 60 days PM2.5 concentration over all five visits was 108.1(43.3) μg/m3. PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Likewise, ambient PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with serum concentrations of manganese and arsenic, and negatively associated with serum concentrations of nickel, tin, and chromium. Only the serum concentration of molybdenum was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure. We concluded that ambient PM2.5 exposure may contribute to elevated blood pressure, potentially by interfering with internal intake of various metal(loid)s in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Lan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou City, 341002, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Junxi Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Bahabaike Jiangtulu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Shufang Ge
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yanxin Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xiuge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
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20
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Khanam R, Kumar I, Oladapo-Shittu O, Twose C, Islam ASMDA, Biswal SS, Raqib R, Baqui AH. Prenatal Environmental Metal Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020573. [PMID: 33445519 PMCID: PMC7827269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) and its complications are the leading causes of under-five year old child deaths, accounting worldwide for an estimated one million deaths annually. The etiology of PTB is complex and multifactorial. Exposures to environmental metals or metalloids are pervasive and prenatal exposures to them are considered important in the etiology of PTB. We conducted a scoping review to determine the extent of prenatal exposures to four metals/metalloids (lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic) and their association with PTB. We reviewed original research studies published in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, POPLINE and the WHO regional indexes from 2000 to 2019; 36 articles were retained for full text review. We documented a higher incidence of PTB with lead and cadmium exposures. The findings for mercury and arsenic exposures were inconclusive. Metal-induced oxidative stress in the placenta, epigenetic modification, inflammation, and endocrine disruptions are the most common pathways through which heavy metals and metalloids affect placental functions leading to PTB. Most of the studies were from the high-income countries, reflecting the need for additional data from low-middle-income countries, where PTB rates are higher and prenatal exposure to metals are likely to be just as high, if not higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheda Khanam
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.K.); (O.O.-S.)
| | - Ishaan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Opeyemi Oladapo-Shittu
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.K.); (O.O.-S.)
| | - Claire Twose
- Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | | | - Shyam S. Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah H. Baqui
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.K.); (O.O.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-955-3850
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21
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Fano D, Vásquez-Velásquez C, Aguilar J, Gribble MO, Wickliffe JK, Lichtveld MY, Steenland K, Gonzales GF. Arsenic Concentrations in Household Drinking Water: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pregnant Women in Tacna, Peru, 2019. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2020; 12:555-560. [PMID: 33210017 PMCID: PMC7668403 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-019-00337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around ~150 million people in 70 different countries have been consuming water with arsenic levels higher than the recommended limit of 10 μg/L. Here we describe the concentrations of inorganic arsenic in drinking water in homes of pregnant women living in the province of Tacna, near the southern border of Peru. 161 pregnant women were enrolled in their second trimester of pregnancy. A total of 100mL drinking water was collected in each household from the source of most common use. Inorganic arsenic was categorized into 3 levels with a commercial kit. Thirty percent of women had drinking water ≤10 μg/L (the WHO recommended level), 35% had 25 μg/L, and 35% had greater than 50 μg/L. Low arsenic levels were found in the southernmost homes, supplied by groundwater, while high levels were found in the northern and metropolitan homes supplied by river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fano
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción. Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Cinthya Vásquez-Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción. Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Julio Aguilar
- Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, Peru
| | - Matthew O Gribble
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Emory University
| | - Jeffrey K Wickliffe
- School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Maureen Y Lichtveld
- School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Emory University
| | - Gustavo F Gonzales
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción. Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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22
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Hoover JH, Erdei E, Begay D, Gonzales M, Jarrett JM, Cheng PY, Lewis J. Exposure to uranium and co-occurring metals among pregnant Navajo women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109943. [PMID: 32750552 PMCID: PMC7530024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Navajo Nation residents are at risk for exposure to uranium and other co-occurring metals found in abandoned mine waste. The Navajo Birth Cohort Study (NBCS) was initiated in 2010 to address community concerns regarding the impact of chronic environmental exposure to metals on pregnancy and birth outcomes. The objectives of this paper were to 1) evaluate maternal urine concentrations of key metals at enrollment and delivery from a pregnancy cohort; and 2) compare the NBCS to the US general population by comparing representative summary statistical values. Pregnant Navajo women (N = 783, age range 14-45 years) were recruited from hospital facilities on the Navajo Nation during prenatal visits and urine samples were collected by trained staff in pre-screened containers. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health's (NCEH) Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS) analyzed urine samples for metals. Creatinine-corrected urine concentrations of cadmium decreased between enrollment (1st or 2nd trimester) and delivery (3rd trimester) while urine uranium concentrations were not observed to change. Median and 95th percentile values of maternal NBCS urine concentrations of uranium, manganese, cadmium, and lead exceeded respective percentiles for National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (NHANES) percentiles for women (ages 14-45 either pregnant or not pregnant.) Median NBCS maternal urine uranium concentrations were 2.67 (enrollment) and 2.8 (delivery) times greater than the NHANES median concentration, indicating that pregnant Navajo women are exposed to metal mixtures and have higher uranium exposure compared to NHANES data for women. This demonstrates support for community concerns about uranium exposure and suggests a need for additional analyses to evaluate the impact of maternal metal mixtures exposure on birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Hoover
- Montana State University BIllings, Billings, MT, United States.
| | - Esther Erdei
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, Community Environmental Health Program, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - David Begay
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, Community Environmental Health Program, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Melissa Gonzales
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, Community Environmental Health Program, Albuquerque, NM, United States; University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jeffery M Jarrett
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Po-Yung Cheng
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, Community Environmental Health Program, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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23
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Pan W, Ye X, Zhu Z, Li C, Zhou J, Liu J. A case-control study of arsenic exposure with the risk of primary ovarian insufficiency in women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25220-25229. [PMID: 32347494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, a well-known toxic metalloid, is ubiquitously existed in environment. Arsenic exposure has been associated with female reproductive health. However, a potential association between arsenic exposure and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in women has not been recognized yet. In this case-control study, a total of 169 POI cases and 209 healthy controls were recruited to determine urinary concentrations of arsenic and serum levels of reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol). The median concentration of urinary arsenic in cases (21.5 μg/L, 28.0 μg/g for creatinine adjustment) was significantly higher than that of controls (13.8 μg/L, 19.3 μg/g for creatinine adjustment). Urinary arsenic concentrations were significantly positively associated with the risk of POI (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.43-4.95 for the highest vs lowest tertile of arsenic, p = 0.002; p for trend = 0.004). We also assessed the associations between arsenic exposure and reproductive hormones that are important for ovarian functions. FSH and LH levels were positively associated with urinary arsenic, whereas AMH and estradiol levels were negatively correlated with this element. This study provided evidence that arsenic exposure could be the potential risk factor for POI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuye Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chunming Li
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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24
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Howe CG, Farzan SF, Garcia E, Jursa T, Iyer R, Berhane K, Chavez TA, Hodes TL, Grubbs BH, Funk WE, Smith DR, Bastain TM, Breton CV. Arsenic and birth outcomes in a predominately lower income Hispanic pregnancy cohort in Los Angeles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109294. [PMID: 32145549 PMCID: PMC7103498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal arsenic exposure has been associated with reduced fetal growth and increased risk for preterm birth, but most studies have been conducted in highly exposed populations outside the U.S. or in non-Hispanic populations in the rural U.S. The objectives of the current study were to: 1) examine the impact of early pregnancy exposure to arsenic on birth weight and gestational age at birth in a predominately lower income Hispanic pregnancy cohort in urban Los Angeles and 2) compare multiple biomarkers of arsenic exposure (blood, urine, and hair) assessed in early pregnancy (mean ± SD gestational age at biospecimen collection: 14 ± 4 weeks). Total arsenic (blood, hair) was measured by ICP-MS and speciated arsenic (urine) was measured by HPLC coupled to ICP-MS. Associations between log2-transformed arsenic measures and birth outcomes were evaluated using multivariable linear regression. A doubling in hair arsenic was associated with a 72.2 g (95% CI: -144.3, -0.1, P = 0.05) lower birth weight, after adjusting for potential confounders and gestational age at birth. A similar but non-significant trend was observed for blood arsenic, but not urine arsenic. The inverse association between hair arsenic and birth weight was more pronounced among infants whose mothers gained greater amounts of weight during pregnancy (Pinteraction = 0.02). The association between urinary monomethyl arsenic and GA at birth differed by pre-pregnancy BMI (Pinteraction<0.01). This study provides evidence that even at relatively low levels of exposure, arsenic exposure (measured in hair samples collected in early pregnancy) may adversely affect fetal growth in this understudied population, particularly in combination with greater gestational weight gain. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings and to further investigate some of the inconsistencies observed for the different arsenic biomarkers evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Thomas Jursa
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Thomas A Chavez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Tahlia L Hodes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, 2020 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - William E Funk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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Yu Y, Gao M, Wang X, Guo Y, Pang Y, Yan H, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ye R, Wang B, Li Z. Recommended acceptable levels of maternal serum typical toxic metals from the perspective of spontaneous preterm birth in Shanxi Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:599-605. [PMID: 31185407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is an important issue of public reproductive health worldwide. The effects of the toxic metals on the likelihood of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) are still under discussion. Our study aimed to investigate the association between maternal exposure to the five typical toxic metals or metalloid (i.e. arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) and the SPB likelihood. The mothers delivering fetus with SPB (cases) and those with term healthy birth (controls) were chosen from a prospective birth cohort of 3201 women carried out in Shanxi Province, China. A total of 147 SPB cases and 381 controls were included in our nested case-control study. We collected maternal general information by questionnaire and collected their blood sample during recruitment. The serum concentrations of the five toxic metals were measured by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry. We found that the demographic information between the cases and controls were well balanced. The participants in our study had relatively higher serum As concentration. For the other toxic metals (i.e. Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb), their serum concentrations were overall in the middle range of those from general population. There were no significant associations of the serum concentrations of the five concerned toxic metals with the SPB likelihood. Our study results overall did not support that maternal exposure to As or Cd significantly contribute to the SPB risk in the current exposure level, as well as the other three toxic metals. We further proposed their upper concentration limits in maternal serum from the perspective of SPB likelihood during the early pregnant period, i.e. 18.2 ng/mL of As, 1.05 ng/mL of Cd, 0.96 ng/mL of Cr, 1.07 ng/mL of Hg, and 1.54 ng/mL of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yunhe Guo
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yiming Pang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Huina Yan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yongxiu Hao
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Rongwei Ye
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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