1
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Huang L, Qin S, Wen C, Xu Y, Lin Z, Wang Y. An off-on fluorescence method for acid phosphatase assay based on the inner filter effect of MnO 2 nanosheets on vitamin B 2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124263. [PMID: 38593539 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence analysis has attracted much attention due to its rapidity and sensitivity. The present work describes a novel fluorescence detection method for acid phosphatase (ACP) on the basis of inner-filter effect (IFE), where MnO2 nanosheets (MnO2 NSs) and vitamin B2 (VB2) are served as absorbers and fluorophores, respectively. In the absence of ACP, the absorption band of MnO2 NSs overlaps well with the excitation band of VB2, resulting in effective IFE and inhibition of VB2 fluorescence. In the presence of ACP, 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt (AAP) is hydrolyzed to generate ascorbic acid (AA), which efficiently trigger the reduction of MnO2 NSs into Mn2+ ions, causing the weakening of the MnO2 NSs absorption band and the recovery of VB2 fluorescence. Further investigation indicates that the fluorescence recovery degree of VB2 increases with the increase of ACP concentration. Under selected experimental conditions, the proposed method can achieve sensitive detection of ACP in the ranges of 0.5-4.0 mU/mL and 4.0-15 mU/mL along with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.14 mU/mL. Finally, this method was successfully applied for the detection of ACP in human serum samples with satisfactory recoveries in the range of 95.0 %-108 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Shangying Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Chuang Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Yuanjin Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China.
| | - Zhongwei Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China.
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2
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Ko JW. Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Reinforcement of Photopolymer Resin for 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:370. [PMID: 38337259 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) has the advantages of higher printing speed and product precision than other 3D printing technologies. However, DLP products have low mechanical strength owing to the inherent properties of photocurable materials. Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN), which is an abundant hydrogen bonding motif (-NH2, -NH), has low solubility in most solvents; thus, to use GCN as a reinforcement of the polymer matrix, optimal dispersion processes must be applied. In this study, GCN was proposed as a novel reinforcing material to improve the mechanical properties of photocurable epoxy acrylate (EA) resins for DLP. Herein, two-step (planetary mixing and ultrasonication) processes were applied to disperse GCN within EA, and the dispersion performance was identified by checking the degree of precipitation over time. To test the printability of the dispersed GCN/EA composites subjected to DLP 3D printing, cube specimens of GCN/EA composites were prepared, and the dispersed GCN/EA output had a low dimensional error of 0.3-1.3%, while the undispersed composite output showed larger dimensional errors of 27.7-36.2%. Additionally, in the mechanical test of the DLP-3D-printed sample (dispersed GCN/EA composite), the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the dispersed GCN/EA composite specimen were measured to be 75.56 MPa and 3396 MPa, respectively, which were improved by 22% (tensile strength) and 34% (modulus of elasticity) in relation to those of the neat EA specimen. This study is the first to use GCN as a reinforcement and manufacture a composite product for DLP with excellent performance (22% increased tensile strength) through the optimal dispersion of GCN. Considering the high mechanical performance, DLP products using the GCN/EA composites can be used in industries such as automobiles, shipbuilding, and aviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wan Ko
- 3D Printing Manufacturing Process Center, Smart Forming Process Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
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3
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Luo Y, Guo Y. Nanomaterials for fluorescent detection of vitamin B 2: A review. Anal Biochem 2023; 683:115351. [PMID: 37858879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B2 plays vital roles in maintaining human health. It is of tremendous significance to construct sensitive sensors of VB2. In this review, we first briefly presented the sensing mechanisms of fluorescent nanomaterials for sensing VB2. Subsequently, the advances of nanomaterials for fluorescent determination of VB2 were highlighted. And sensing performance of traditional approaches and fluorescent nanosensors was further compared. In last section, the challenges and perspectives concerning the topic were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Luo
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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4
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Antipina LY, Kotyakova KY, Sorokin PB. Theoretical Analysis of Riboflavin Adsorption on Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Drug Delivery Applications: Unveiling the Influence of Point Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11648. [PMID: 37511405 PMCID: PMC10380725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This research delves into the intriguing realm of investigating the stability of vitamin B2 (riboflavin, Rf) on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), both in its pristine state and in the presence of vacancy defects, with the aim of harnessing their potential as carriers for drug delivery applications. Employing the density functional theory (DFT), we perform binding energy calculations and analyze the electronic structure of the BN@Rf system to unravel the nature of their interactions. Our comprehensive DFT calculations unequivocally demonstrate the spontaneous physical sorption of the drug onto the h-BN surface, facilitated by the formation of π-π stacking interactions. The adsorption energy spans a range from -1.15 to -4.00 eV per system, emphasizing the robust nature of the BN@Rf bonding. The results show that the HOMO and LUMO of riboflavin are located exactly in the region of the iso-alloxazine rings of riboflavin. This arrangement fosters the formation of π-π stacking between riboflavin and boron nitride, effectively facilitating the transfer of electron density within the BN@Rf system. Furthermore, our investigations reveal the significant impact of vacancy defects within the boron nitride lattice. These vacancies alter the behavior of the structure, prompting riboflavin to metamorphose from an electron donor to an electron acceptor, expanding our understanding of the interplay between boron nitride defects and riboflavin sorption. Therefore, it is imperative to exert meticulous oversight of the structural integrity of h-BN, given that the existence of vacancies may lead to a noticeable change in its adsorption properties. The obtained data could amplify our capacity to conceive and refine drug delivery h-BN-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Yu Antipina
- Laboratory of Inorganic Nanomaterials, Research Center of Inorganic Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Yu Kotyakova
- Research Center of Inorganic Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel B Sorokin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Nanomaterials, Research Center of Inorganic Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Goswami K, Sen Sarma N. "Click" Reaction-Mediated Silk Fibroin-Functionalized Thiol-Branched Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots for Smart Sensing of Tetracycline. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21914-21928. [PMID: 37360495 PMCID: PMC10286249 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics causes the accumulation of their residue in the environment, which has an irreversible impact on food safety and human health. In light of this, it is vital to offer a portable, quick, efficient, and selective sensing platform to detect TC instantly. Herein, we have successfully developed a sensor using silk fibroin-decorated thiol-branched graphene oxide quantum dots through a well-known thiol-ene click reaction. It is applied to ratiometric fluorescence sensing of TC in real samples in the linear range of 0-90 nM, with the detection limit of 49.69, 47.76, 55.25, 47.90, and 45.78 nM for deionized water, chicken sample, fish sample, human blood serum, and honey sample, respectively. With the gradual addition of TC to the liquid media, the sensor develops a synergetic luminous effect in which the fluorescence intensity of the nanoprobe steadily declines at 413 nm, while the intensity of a newly emerging peak increases at 528 nm, maintaining a ratio that is dependent on the analyte concentration. The increase of luminescence properties in the liquid media is clearly visible by naked eyes in the presence of 365 nm UV light. The result helps us in building a filter paper strip-based portable smart sensor using an electric circuit comprising a 365 nm LED (light-emitting diode) powered by a mobile phone battery which is attached just below the rear camera of a smartphone. The camera of the smartphone captures the color changes that occur throughout the sensing process and translates into readable RGB data. The dependency of color intensity with respect to the concentration of TC was evaluated by deducing a calibration curve from where the limit of detection was calculated and found to be 0.125 μM. These kinds of gadgets are important for the possible real-time, on-the-spot, quick detection of analytes in situations where high-end approaches are not easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan
Jyoti Goswami
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory, Institute of Advanced
Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neelotpal Sen Sarma
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory, Institute of Advanced
Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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6
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Liu Y, Qin Z, Zhou J, Jia X, Li H, Wang X, Chen Y, Sun Z, He X, Li H, Wang G, Chang H. Nano-biosensor for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 detection: methods, mechanism and interface design. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17883-17906. [PMID: 37323463 PMCID: PMC10262965 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02560h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a huge disaster to human society. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which led to COVID-19, has resulted in a large number of deaths. Even though the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most efficient method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, the disadvantages (such as long detection time, professional operators, expensive instruments, and laboratory equipment) limit its application. In this review, the different kinds of nano-biosensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), field-effect transistor (FET), fluorescence methods, and electrochemical methods are summarized, starting with a concise description of their sensing mechanism. The different bioprobes (such as ACE2, S protein-antibody, IgG antibody, IgM antibody, and SARS-CoV-2 DNA probes) with different bio-principles are introduced. The key structural components of the biosensors are briefly introduced to give readers an understanding of the principles behind the testing methods. In particular, SARS-CoV-2-related RNA mutation detection and its challenges are also briefly described. We hope that this review will encourage readers with different research backgrounds to design SARS-CoV-2 nano-biosensors with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Zhenle Qin
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Xiaobo Jia
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Hongli Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Yating Chen
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Zijun Sun
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Xiong He
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Hongda Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Guofu Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 Guangxi China
| | - Haixin Chang
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
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7
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Fan L, Li J, Sun C, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Li W, Chang Z. An ultra-sensitive fluorescent sensor based on Zn-MOF for selective detection of riboflavin in food. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Dang TT, Nguyen TKA, Bhamu KC, Mahvelati-Shamsabadi T, Van VKH, Shin EW, Chung KH, Hur SH, Choi WM, Kang SG, Chung JS. Engineering Holey Defects on 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets by Solvolysis in Organic Solvents. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Truong Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - K. C. Bhamu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Vo Kim Hieu Van
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Koo-Hyun Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Hur
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Mook Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Chung
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
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9
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Roy R, Chacko AR, Abraham T, Korah BK, John BK, Punnoose MS, Mohan C, Mathew B. Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitrides (g‐C
3
N
4
) as Photoluminescence Sensing Probe: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Roy
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Anu Rose Chacko
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | | | - Binila K Korah
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Bony K John
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Mamatha Susan Punnoose
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Chitra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
| | - Beena Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills PO Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560
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10
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Zhao W, Zhang Y, Cao B, Li Z, Sun C, Cao X, Cong S. Characteristics of Mussels-Derived Carbon Dots and Their Applications in Bio-Imaging and Detection of Riboflavin. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162451. [PMID: 36010453 PMCID: PMC9407624 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and green strategy has been demonstrated for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from mussels. The chemical structure and optical properties of mussels-derived CDs prepared at different reaction temperatures (140, 160, and 180 °C) were evaluated. The average size of synthesized fluorescent CDs decreased from 2.06 to 1.30 nm as reaction temperatures increased from 140 to 180 °C. The fluorescence quantum yield of CDs could reach up to 15.20%. The surface of CDs was rich in functional groups such as -OH, -NH2, and -COOH, providing CDs with good water solubility and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the mussel-derived CDs have been successfully applied in bio-imaging for onion endothelium cells, HepG2 cells, and zebrafish. In addition, CDs could be employed as a biosensor for riboflavin detection. Therefore, mussels are a promising carbon resource for preparing N-doped CDs for bio-imaging and monitoring riboflavin.
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11
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Patel MR, Kailasa SK. Carbon Nitride Nanomaterials: Properties, Synthetic Approaches and New Insights in Fluorescence Spectrometry for Assaying of Metal Ions, Organic and Biomolecules. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayurkumar Revabhai Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India
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12
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Qu B, Sun J, Li P, Jing L. Current advances on g-C 3N 4-based fluorescence detection for environmental contaminants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127990. [PMID: 34986565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly-sensitive fluorescence detection systems for environmental contaminants has become high priority research in the past years. Special attention has been paid to graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based nanomaterials, whose unique and superior optical property makes them promising and attractive candidates for this purpose. It is necessary to enhance the current understanding of the various classes of g-C3N4-based fluorescence detection systems and their mechanisms, as well as find suitable approaches to improve detection performance for environmental monitoring, protection, and management. In this review, the recent progresses on g-C3N4-based fluorescence detections for environmental contaminants, mainly including their basic principles, mechanisms, applications, modification strategies, and conclusions, are summarized. A particular emphasis is placed on the design and development of modification strategies for g-C3N4 with the objective of improving detection performance. High photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable fluorescence emission characteristics, and strong adsorption capacity of g-C3N4 could ensure the ultrasensitivity and selectivity of fluorescence detection of environmental contaminants. Concluding perspectives on the challenges and opportunities to design highly efficient g-C3N4-based fluorescence detection system are intensively put forward as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China; College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China; College of Physical Science and Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Liqiang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
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13
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Zhang W, Zhong H, Zhao P, Shen A, Li H, Liu X. Carbon quantum dot fluorescent probes for food safety detection: Progress, opportunities and challenges. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Oseghe EO, Akpotu SO, Mombeshora ET, Oladipo AO, Ombaka LM, Maria BB, Idris AO, Mamba G, Ndlwana L, Ayanda OS, Ofomaja AE, Nyamori VO, Feleni U, Nkambule TT, Msagati TA, Mamba BB, Bahnemann DW. Multi-dimensional applications of graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials – A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Recent analytical methodologies and analytical trends for riboflavin (vitamin B2) analysis in food, biological and pharmaceutical samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Optimizing the Efficiency of a Cytocompatible Carbon-Dots-Based FRET Platform and Its Application as a Riboflavin Sensor in Beverages. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081981. [PMID: 34443812 PMCID: PMC8399497 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between carbon dots (CDs) as energy donors and riboflavin (RF) as an energy acceptor was optimized and the main parameters that characterize the FRET process were determined. The results were successfully applied in the development of an ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the selective and sensitive determination of RF in different beverages. Water-soluble CDs with a high quantum yield (54%) were synthesized by a facile and direct microwave-assisted technique. The CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, and UV-visible and molecular fluorescence spectroscopy. The study of the FRET process at two donor concentrations showed that the energy transfer efficiency decreases as the donor concentration increases, confirming its dependence on the acceptor:donor ratio in nanoparticle-based systems. The results show the importance of optimizing the FRET process conditions to improve the corresponding output signal. The variation in the ratiometric signal with the concentration of RF showed linearity in a concentration range of 0 to 11 µM with R2 = 0.9973 and a detection limit of 0.025 µM. The developed nanosensor showed good selectivity over other possible types of interference. The sensor was then applied for the determination of RF in beverage samples using the standard addition method with recoveries between 96% and 106%. Preliminary cytocompatibility tests carried out with breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) revealed the nanosensor to be cytocompatible in its working concentration regime, even after long incubation times with cells. Altogether, the developed RF determination method was found to be fast, low-cost, highly sensitive, and selective and can be extended to other samples of interest in the biological and food sectors. Moreover, thanks to its long-lasting cytocompatibility, the developed platform can also be envisaged for other applications of biological interest, such as intracellular sensing and staining for live cell microscopy.
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17
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Mabrouk M, Hammad SF, Abdella AA, Mansour FR. A novel strategy for ketorolac detection based on turn-on plasmonic enhanced FRET synchronous fluorometric sensor employing micellized chitosan/ AgNPs nanocomposites: Preparation and mechanism investigation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Feng S, Pei F, Wu Y, Lv J, Hao Q, Yang T, Tong Z, Lei W. A ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on g-CNQDs@Zn-MOF for the sensitive detection of riboflavin via FRET. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119004. [PMID: 33070014 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform was designed for riboflavin (RF) detection. The graphitic carbon nitrides quantum dots - Zn-MOF composite (g-CNQDs@Zn-MOF) was used as the fluorescent probe. In the FRET system, g-CNQDs@Zn-MOF and RF acted as donor and acceptor, respectively. The probe exhibited high sensitivity and good selectivity to RF, and had been successfully used for the detection of RF in milk and vitamin B2 tablets. The detection limit of the sensor was 15 nM. The strategy expanded the application of MOF in sensing filed and provided a new method for the detection of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fubin Pei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jingjing Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qingli Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tinghai Yang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Wu Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Hao Y, Dong W, Liu Y, Song S, Shuang S, Dong C, Gong X. Ratiometric fluorescent sensors for sequential on-off-on determination of riboflavin, Ag + and l-cysteine based on NPCl-doped carbon quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1144:1-13. [PMID: 33453785 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescent sensor, especially ratiometric fluorescent sensor, is one of the most important applications for CQDs, which is becoming a research hotspot. Herein, carbon quantum dots co-doped with nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine (NPCl-CQDs) were synthesized by acid-base neutralization reaction exothermic carbonization method. The as-fabricated NPCl-CQDs could emit blue fluorescence and possess excellent fluorescence properties. Based on the FRET, multifunctional and ratiometric fluorescent sensors for "on-off-on" sequential determination of riboflavin, Ag+, and Cys with good selectivity and high sensitivity were established. The linear range of riboflavin, Ag+, and Cys are 0.50-10.18 μM and 15.89-27.76 μM, 0.66-1.46 mM and 1.50-4.20 mM, and 0.01-0.15 μM and 0.15-0.36 μM with the limit of detection of 3.50 nM, 26.38 μM, and 0.96 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the sensors were successfully used to determine riboflavin, Ag+, and Cys in tablets, river water, and human urine with the recoveries of 95.2-104.0%, 95.6-102.0%, and 94.8-106.4%, respectively. More importantly, the as-constructed "on-off-on" NPCl-CQDs-based ratiometric fluorescent sensors were applied for detecting riboflavin, Ag+, and Cys in HeLa cells with satisfying results. The finding of this study shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the NPCl-CQDs as the available ratiometric fluorescent sensors for the determination of riboflavin, Ag+, and Cys in real samples and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Yumin Hao
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Shengmei Song
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Institute of Environmental Science, And School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
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Mazzanti S, Savateev A. Emerging Concepts in Carbon Nitride Organic Photocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2499-2517. [PMID: 33215877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides encompass a class of transition-metal-free materials possessing numerous advantages such as low cost (few Euros per gram), high chemical stability, broad tunability of redox potentials and optical bandgap, recyclability, and a high absorption coefficient (>105 cm-1 ), which make them highly attractive for application in photoredox catalysis. In this Review, we classify carbon nitrides based on their unique properties, structure, and redox potentials. We summarize recently emerging concepts in heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis, with an emphasis on the synthesis of organic compounds: 1) Illumination-Driven Electron Accumulation in Semiconductors and Exploitation (IDEASE); 2) singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in carbon nitride excited states and related energy transfer; 3) architectures of flow photoreactors; and 4) dual metal/carbon nitride photocatalysis. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview regarding innovative research in carbon nitride photocatalysis focusing on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Shirani M, Kalantari H, Khodayar MJ, Kouchak M, Rahbar N. A novel strategy for detection of small molecules based on aptamer/gold nanoparticles/graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as fluorescent biosensor. Talanta 2020; 219:121235. [PMID: 32887126 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel ultrasensitive strategy has been developed by designing a label free fluorescent nano-aptasensor for monitoring of small moecules in human plasma. In this nano-aptasensor, graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets were used as fluorescent probe. The fluorescence intensity of the probe was decreased by interaction between graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets and label-free aptamer/gold nanoparticles conjugate, via Fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. Upon addition of the analyte, the fluorescence of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets was restored due to the aptamer/analyte interaction, and the aggregation of gold nanoparticles in the presence of salt. The influence of various factors on sensing method was investigated, and under the approved conditions, the fluorescence signal showed a linear relation with Digoxin concentration in the range of 10-500 ng L-1 with limit of detection down to 3.2 ng L-1 relative standard deviations for 25, 100 and 500 ng L-1 of analyte concentrations were 2.6, 4.0 and 6.5%, respectively. This strategy provided a simple, rapid, cost effective and reproducible experimental model, with successful application for determination of Digoxin in plasma samples without any pretreatment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouchak
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rahbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Tang W, Tian Y, Chen B, Xu Y, Li B, Jing X, Zhang J, Xu S. Supramolecular Copolymerization Strategy for Realizing the Broadband White Light Luminescence Based on N-Deficient Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6396-6406. [PMID: 31916432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The N-deficient porous g-C3N4 with broadband white light emission was constructed by supramolecular copolymerization design, which combined organic copolymers cyanuric acid and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine with melamine upon the mixture gas environment of (95%)N2/(5%)H2. Herein, we achieved great breakthrough in narrowing the band gap of g-C3N4 from 2.64 to 1.39 eV. Furthermore, in contrast to pristine g-C3N4, we demonstrated that the emission wavelengths of N-deficient porous g-C3N4 can be tuned from narrow blue to broadband white range, where the optimal white light coordinate position is (0.297, 0.345). The prepared N-deficient porous g-C3N4 overcomes the limitation of the narrow adjusting range of optical properties while using conventional g-C3N4 and makes it more promising for applications in solid-state displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Tang
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Ying Tian
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - BoWen Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Yayan Xu
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Bingpeng Li
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Xufeng Jing
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Institute of Photoelectric Materials and Devices , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , PR China
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Shiravand G, Ghasemi JB, Badiei A, Mohammadi Ziarani G. A dual-emission fluorescence probe for simultaneous quantification of CN− and Cr2O72− ions based on modified g-C3N4. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Quantum-chemical calculations on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) single-layer nanostructures: polymeric slab vs. quantum dot. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Ghashghaee M, Azizi Z, Ghambarian M. Adsorption of iron(II, III) cations on pristine heptazine and triazine polymeric carbon nitride quantum dots of buckled and planar structures: theoretical insights. ADSORPTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Surface-imprinted β-cyclodextrin-functionalized carbon nitride nanosheets for fluorometric determination of sterigmatomycin. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:808. [PMID: 31745649 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin-functionalized carbon nitride nanosheets were modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer to obtain a fluorescent probe of type MIP@β-CD/CNNS which is shown to enable fluorometric determination of sterigmatocystin (STG). The material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectra, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and by absorption and emission spectra. The modified CNNSs have a good fluorescence quantum yield (13%), high sorption capacity for STG (86 mg·g-1), fast adsorption rate (25 min), and superior adsorption selectivity (with an imprint factor 2.56). When used as an optical probe for STG, the CNNSs act as the chromophore, while β-CD and MIP act as the recognition groups. The blue fluorescence of MIP@β-CD/CNNS (with excitation/emission maxima at 368/432 nm) is quenched by STG. Fluorescence drops linearly in the 0.15 to 3.1 μM STG concentration range. The lower detection limit is 74 nM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of STG in spiked wheat extract. Conceivably, this detection scheme based on a combination of β-CD inclusion and molecular imprinting may be extended to the detection of various other organic compounds. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the preparation of surface-imprinted β-cyclodextrin-functionalized carbon nitride nanosheets. These are used, along with a molecularly imprinted polymer, for fluorometric determination of sterigmatomycin.
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27
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Non enzymatic fluorometric determination of glucose by using quenchable g-C3N4 quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:779. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ghashghaee M, Ghambarian M, Azizi Z. Theoretical insights into sensing of hexavalent chromium on buckled and planar polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets of heptazine and triazine structures. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1674447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghashghaee
- Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghambarian
- Gas Conversion Department, Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Ratiometric fluorescence detection of riboflavin based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer from nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots to riboflavin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2803-2808. [PMID: 30919015 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots (NPCDs) were prepared via a hydrothermal method with citric acid and O-phosphorylethanolamine as precursors. The overlap between the absorption spectrum of riboflavin and the fluorescence emission spectrum of the NPCDs and the relative proximity of the NPCDs to riboflavin due to hydrogen bonding facilitated the formation of a NPCDs/riboflavin fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system. Thus, a ratiometric fluorescence method for the detection of riboflavin based on the formation of this NPCDs/riboflavin FRET system was developed. The method displayed a sensitive and selective response to riboflavin in the range 0.5-50 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.17 μmol/L. It was also found to be suitable for the detection of riboflavin in milk and riboflavin pharmaceutical tablets. Graphical abstract Illustration of the preparation of NPCDs and the ratiometric fluorescence detection of riboflavin using the NPCDs/riboflavin FRET system.
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Smirnova TD, Shtykov SN, Zhelobitskaya EA. Energy transfer in liquid and solid nanoobjects: application in luminescent analysis. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-9981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Radiationless resonance electronic excitation energy transfer (ET) is a fundamental physical phenomenon in luminescence spectroscopy playing an important role in natural processes, especially in photosynthesis and biochemistry. Besides, it is widely used in photooptics, optoelectronics, and protein chemistry, coordination chemistry of transition metals and lanthanides as well as in luminescent analysis. ET involves the transfer of electronic energy from a donor (D) (molecules or particles) which is initially excited, to an acceptor (A) at the ground state to emit it later. Fluorescence or phosphorescence of the acceptor that occurs during ET is known as sensitized. There do many kinds of ET exist but in all cases along with other factors the rate and efficiency of ET in common solvents depends to a large extent on the distance between the donor and the acceptor. This dependency greatly limits the efficiency of ET and, correspondingly, does not allow the determination of analytes in highly diluted (10–9–10–15 M) solutions. To solve the problem of distance-effect, the effects of concentrating and bring close together the donor and acceptor in surfactant micelles (liquid nanosystems) or sorption on solid nanoparticles are used. Various approaches to promote the efficiency of ET for improvement determination selectivity and sensitivity using liquid and solid nanoobjects is reviewed and analyzed.
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Graphitic C 3N 4 nanosheet and hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based label-free chemiluminescence aptasensing for biomarkers. Talanta 2018; 192:400-406. [PMID: 30348410 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we first reported that graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (g-C3N4 NS) could effectively quench the chemiluminescence (CL) of luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system. According to the new discovery, a label-free and homogeneous CL aptasensing platform was designed for sensitive detecting of biomarkers. In the absence of target, DNA probe containing hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme structure was adsorbed on the surface of g-C3N4 NS, causing the CL quenching of luminol through an electron transfer process. However, in the presence of the target, a DNA-DNA duplex was formed due to DNA hybridization reaction and target recognition effect, which could not be adsorbed onto the g-C3N4 NS surface because of its weak affinity. Thus, the electron transfer was blocked and the CL emission of luminol could be enhanced. The proposed CL aptasensor could detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with a detection limit of 63.0 pg/mL and it can also be used as a general detecting strategy for adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) detection. This aptasensing platform exhibited high sensitivity toward biomarkers and the probe need not be labeled, showing great promise for disease diagnosis.
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Rahbar N, Abbaszadegan P, Savarizadeh A. A sensitive fluorescent sensing strategy for nanomolar levels of metformin using graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as nanofluoroprobe. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1026:117-124. [PMID: 29852987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A simple and green fluorescence detection system on the basis of the quenching effect of Cu(II) ions on the graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NS) fluorescence and recording the changes of restored fluorescence intensity upon the addition of metformin (MET) was developed for the first time. The g-C3N4 NS were produced using high-temperature polymerization of melamine followed by ultrasonication-assisted liquid exfoliation. The method exhibited excellent sensitivity and accuracy toward MET with the detection as low as 3 nM and linear calibration curve in the range of 0.01-20 μM. In addition, this assay was successfully applied to the determination of MET concentration in human serum samples. It is robust and is suitable for fast, sensitive and cost effective measurement of MET in biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadereh Rahbar
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Medicinal Chemistry Departments, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Parivash Abbaszadegan
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aye Savarizadeh
- Medicinal Chemistry Departments, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yue X, Liu L, Li Z, Yang Q, Zhu W, Zhang W, Wang J. Highly specific and sensitive determination of propyl gallate in food by a novel fluorescence sensor. Food Chem 2018; 256:45-52. [PMID: 29606471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Propyl gallate (PG), one of the most widely used synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oil, cookies and fried food, has received extensive concern due to its possible toxic effects on human health. Herein, a novel fluorescence analytical method is firstly proposed to sensitively and selectively determine propyl gallate (PG) by utilizing the unique fluorescence quenching property of organic molybdate complex (OMC) formed by the specific reaction between MoO42- and PG to g-C3N4 nanosheets. Under the optimum conditions, the developed fluorescence sensor allows highly sensitive detection of PG in a wide range from 0.5 to 200 μg mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.11 μg mL-1, and possesses excellent specificity and good recoveries. All the analytical results indicate the present method provides an effective approach for rapid detection of PG in common products, which is beneficial for monitoring and reducing the risk of overuse of PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lizhi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingfeng Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as a fluorescent probe for chromium speciation. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:101. [PMID: 29594607 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A fluorometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) ions using graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NS) as a nanosized fluorescent indicator probe. The g-C3N4 NS were prepared using high-temperature carbonization of melamine followed by ultrasonication-assisted liquid exfoliation. The g-C3N4 NS display fluorescence with excitation/emission peaks located at 320 and 450 nm. The chromium speciation is based on the quenching of g-C3N4 NS fluorescence. The total concentration of chromium is determined after oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The Cr(III) content was then calculated by subtracting the concentration of Cr(VI) from that of total chromium. The effects of pH value, probe amount, and contact time are optimized. Under optimum conditions, calibration plots are linear in the range in the 0.01 to 100 μM chromium concentration range. The limit of detection is 3 nM for for Cr(VI). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) of the assay are 3.6-7.5% and 4.1-8.5%, respectively. The indicator probe was applied to the determination of chromium species in spiked water and food samples, and recoveries were satisfactory (93.9-107.0%). Graphical abstract Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets are synthesized by melamine carbonization and employed for Cr speciation in water and food real samples. Total Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) are assessed based on the quenching of the fluorescence of nanosheets by Cr(VI).
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Yu YY, Wang JX, Si RW, Yang Y, Zhang CL, Yong YC. Sensitive amperometric detection of riboflavin with a whole-cell electrochemical sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang A, Wang C, Fu L, Wong-Ng W, Lan Y. Recent Advances of Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Structures and Applications in Catalyst, Sensing, Imaging, and LEDs. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:47. [PMID: 30393742 PMCID: PMC6199047 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-017-0148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) which is a two-dimensional conjugated polymer has drawn broad interdisciplinary attention as a low-cost, metal-free, and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst in the area of environmental remediation. The g-C3N4-based materials have excellent electronic band structures, electron-rich properties, basic surface functionalities, high physicochemical stabilities and are "earth-abundant." This review summarizes the latest progress related to the design and construction of g-C3N4-based materials and their applications including catalysis, sensing, imaging, and white-light-emitting diodes. An outlook on possible further developments in g-C3N4-based research for emerging properties and applications is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwu Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Chundong Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi Univerisity, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Winnie Wong-Ng
- Materials Science Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaitherburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Yucheng Lan
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA
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Graphitic carbon nitride supported platinum nanocomposites for rapid and sensitive colorimetric detection of mercury ions. Anal Chim Acta 2017. [PMID: 28622806 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, graphitic carbon nitride supported platinum nanocomposites (g-C3N4/PtNPs) have been synthesized for the first time by an ultrasonic-assisted chemical reduction method. By using g-C3N4 as the stabilizer, Pt ions could be reduced to PtNPs by NaBH4 and uniformly deposited on the surface of g-C3N4. The resulting g-C3N4/PtNPs exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) compared to that of g-C3N4 or PtNPs alone. After interaction with Hg2+, the catalytic activity of g-C3N4/PtNPs was effectively inhibited due to the formation of HgPt amalgam. On the basis of this effect, a novel label free colorimetric sensor has been developed for sensitive detection of Hg2+ through the g-C3N4/PtNPs mediated catalytic reaction. A detection limit as low as 1.23 nM was achieved. This assay also exhibited excellent selectivity toward Hg2+ over other metal ions. In addition, it was successfully applied to the determination of Hg2+ in real water samples. In view of the advantages, such as simple operation, cost-effective, rapid response and naked-eye observation, the developed colorimetric sensor hold great potential for the detection of toxic Hg2+ in environmental and biological samples.
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Graphene and graphene-like two-denominational materials based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays for biological applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:123-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen J, Ma Q, Wang C, Hu X, Gao Y, Wang H, Qin D, Lu X. A simple fluorescence sensor for the detection of nitrite (NO2−) in real samples using water-dispersible graphite-like carbon nitride (w-g-C3N4) nanomaterials. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel NO2− detection method based on the reaction of w-g-C3N4 with nitrite (NO2−) in an acidic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Caihe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Yunjing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- P. R. China
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Ma Q, Song J, Zhang S, Wang M, Guo Y, Dong C. Colorimetric detection of riboflavin by silver nanoparticles capped with β-cyclodextrin-grafted citrate. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Si RW, Yang Y, Yu YY, Han S, Zhang CL, Sun DZ, Zhai DD, Liu X, Yong YC. Wiring Bacterial Electron Flow for Sensitive Whole-Cell Amperometric Detection of Riboflavin. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11222-11228. [PMID: 27750415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A whole-cell bioelectrochemical biosensing system for amperometric detection of riboflavin was developed. A "bioelectrochemical wire" (BW) consisting of riboflavin and cytochrome C between Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and electrode was characterized. Typically, a strong electrochemical response was observed when riboflavin (VB2) was added to reinforce this BW. Impressively, the electrochemical response of riboflavin with this BW was over 200 times higher than that without bacteria. Uniquely, this electron rewiring process enabled the development of a biosensing system for amperometric detection of riboflavin. Remarkably, this amperometric method showed high sensitivity (LOD = 2.2 nM, S/N = 3), wide linear range (5 nM ∼ 10 μM, 3 orders of magnitude), good selectivity, and high resistance to interferences. Additionally, the developed amperometric method featured good stability and reusability. It was further applied for accurate and reliable determination of riboflavin in real conditions including food, pharmaceutical, and clinical samples without pretreatment. Both the cost-effectiveness and robustness make this whole-cell amperometric system ideal for practical applications. This work demonstrated the power of bioelectrochemical signal amplification with exoelectrogen and also provided a new idea for development of versatile whole-cell amperometric biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wei Si
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yu
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song Han
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Lian Zhang
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Zhen Sun
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhai
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute and ‡School of the Environment, Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
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Dong Y, Wang Q, Wu H, Chen Y, Lu CH, Chi Y, Yang HH. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Materials: Sensing, Imaging and Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5376-5393. [PMID: 27611869 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3 N4 ) are a class of 2D polymeric materials mainly composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms. g-C3 N4 are attracting dramatically increasing interest in the areas of sensing, imaging, and therapy, due to their unique optical and electronic properties. Here, the luminescent properties (mainly includes photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence), and catalytic and photoelectronic properties related to sensing and therapy applications of g-C3 N4 materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the fabrication and advantages of sensing, imaging and therapy systems based on g-C3 N4 materials are summarized. Finally, the future perspectives for developing the sensing, imaging and therapy applications of the g-C3 N4 materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yingmei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chun-Hua Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Yuwu Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Huang-Hao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE and Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350108, China.
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Díez-Pascual AM, García-García D, San Andrés MP, Vera S. Determination of riboflavin based on fluorescence quenching by graphene dispersions in polyethylene glycol. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A quenching phenomenon of riboflavin fluorescence was found in graphene dispersions in PEG ascribed to π–π stacking and H-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
- Madrid
| | - Diego García-García
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
- Madrid
| | - María Paz San Andrés
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
- Madrid
| | - Soledad Vera
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Alcalá University
- Madrid
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