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Cetinkaya A, Unal MA, Nazır H, Çorman ME, Uzun L, Ozkan SA. A comparative study of electropolymerization and photopolymerization for the determination of molnupiravir and their application in an electrochemical sensor via computationally designed molecularly imprinted polymers. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:270. [PMID: 38630200 PMCID: PMC11024036 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of molecularly imprinted polymers based on different synthesis techniques was performed for the recognition of molnupiravir (MOL). The polymerizations were performed with 3-thienyl boronic acid (3-TBA) as a functional monomer by electropolymerization (EP) and with guanine methacrylate (GuaM) as a functional monomer by photopolymerization (PP). Morphological and electrochemical characterizations of the developed sensors were investigated to verify the constructed sensors. Moreover, quantum chemical calculations were used to evaluate changes on the electrode surface at the molecular and electronic levels. The dynamic linear range of both designed sensors under optimized experimental conditions was found to be 7.5 × 10-12-2.5 × 10-10 M and 7.5 × 10-13-2.5 × 10-11 M for EP and PP, respectively. The effect of various interfering agents on MOL peak current was assessed for the selectivity of the study. In the presence of 100 times more interfering agents, the RSD and recovery values were determined. The RSD values of GuaM/MOL@MIP/GCE and poly(Py-co-3-PBA)/MOL@MIP/GCE sensors were found to be 1.99% and 1.72%, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery values of the MIP-based sensors were 98.18-102.69% and 98.05-103.72%, respectively. In addition, the relative selectivity coefficient (k') of the proposed sensor was evaluated, and it exhibited good selectivity for MOL with respect to the NIP sensor. The prepared sensor was successfully applied to determine MOL in commercial serum samples and capsule form. In conclusion, the developed sensors provided excellent reproducibility, repeatability, high sensitivity, and selectivity against the MOL molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Altay Unal
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Nazır
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emin Çorman
- Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Portugal-Gómez P, Alonso-Lomillo MA, Domínguez-Renedo O. Simultaneous determination of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaicol on C 60 modified dual screen-printed electrochemical sensors. Talanta 2024; 270:125543. [PMID: 38103285 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaicol levels in wine are associated to organoleptic defects that cause consumer rejection accompanied by significant economic losses for producers. Thus, electrochemical sensors based on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified with activated fullerene C60 (AC60) have been developed for the analysis of both phenols by direct headspace amperometric measurements. Upon optimization of the experimental variables affecting the sensors performance, the AC60/SPCE sensors presented linearity ranges from 9.9 to 65.4 μg/L and from 19.6 to 107.1 μg/L for 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaicol, respectively. The achieved detection capacities were 10.3 μg/L (4-ethylphenol) and 19.6 μg/L (4-ethylguaicol), with a reproducibility of 6.3 % and 9.1 % (n = 3), respectively. In addition, dual-working AC60/SPCE devices were developed for the simultaneous analysis of both phenols using different working potentials for each electrode. The dual systems were successfully applied in the analysis of different spiked wine samples, obtaining good recoveries ranging from 94 to 108 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Portugal-Gómez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - M Asunción Alonso-Lomillo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Olga Domínguez-Renedo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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3
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Portugal-Gómez P, Domínguez-Renedo O, Alonso-Lomillo MA. Gel polymer electrolyte-based dual screen-printed electrodes for the headspace quantification of 4-ethylphenol and ethanethiol simultaneously in wines. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:208. [PMID: 38499898 PMCID: PMC10948468 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The identification and correction of negative factors, such as 4-ethylphenol and ethanethiol, is important to comply with food safety regulations and avoid economic losses to wineries. A simple amperometric measurement procedure that facilitates the simultaneous quantification of both compounds in the gas phase has been developed using fullerene and cobalt (II) phthalocyanine-modified dual screen-printed electrodes coated with a room temperature ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte. The replacement of the typical aqueous supporting electrolyte by low-volatility ones improves both operational and storage lifetime. Under the optimum conditions of the experimental variables, Britton Robinson buffer pH 5 and applied potentials of + 0.86 V and + 0.40 V for each working electrode (vs. Ag ref. electrode), reproducibility values of 7.6% (n = 3) for 4-ethylphenol and 6.6% (n = 3) for ethanethiol were obtained, as well as capability of detection values of 23.8 μg/L and decision limits of 1.3 μg/L and 9.2 μg/L (α = β = 0.05), respectively. These dual electrochemical devices have successfully been applied to the headspace detection of both compounds in white and red wines, showing their potential to be routinely used for rapid analysis control in wineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Portugal-Gómez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Olga Domínguez-Renedo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - M Asunción Alonso-Lomillo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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4
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Portugal-Gómez P, Navarro-Cuñado AM, Alonso-Lomillo MA, Domínguez-Renedo O. Electrochemical sensors for the determination of 4-ethylguaiacol in wine. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:141. [PMID: 36933096 PMCID: PMC10024668 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of an electrochemical procedure for the determination of 4-ethylguaiacol and its application to wine analysis is described. Modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) with fullerene C60 (C60) have been shown to be efficient in this kind of analysis. The developed activated C60/SPCEs (AC60/SPCEs) were adequate for the determination of 4-ethylguaicol, showing a linear range from 200 to 1000 µg/L, a reproducibility of 7.6% and a capability of detection (CCβ) value of 200 µg/L, under optimized conditions. The selectivity of the AC60/SPCE sensors was evaluated in the presence of possibly interfering compounds, and their practical applicability was demonstrated in the analysis of different wine samples obtaining recoveries ranging from 96 to 106%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Portugal-Gómez
- Faculty of Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - A Marta Navarro-Cuñado
- Faculty of Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - M Asunción Alonso-Lomillo
- Faculty of Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Olga Domínguez-Renedo
- Faculty of Sciences, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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Saxena K, Chauhan N, Malhotra BD, Jain U. A molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical biosensor for detection of VacA virulence factor of H. pylori causing gastric cancer. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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6
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Alonso-Lomillo MA, Domínguez-Renedo O. Molecularly imprinted polypyrrole based electrochemical sensor for selective determination of ethanethiol. Talanta 2023; 253:123936. [PMID: 36152608 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a molecularly imprinted (MIP) sensor, based on the electropolymerization of pyrrole on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), for the determination of ethanethiol. Ethanethiol was used as a template molecule for the formation of cavities in the imprinted polymer. The effect of molar ratios template molecules/functional monomers and time needed to remove the template were optimized. The developed MIP/GCE sensor presented a linear range from 6.1 to 32.4 mg L-1 with capability detection and reproducibility values of 7.2 mg L-1 and 10.4%, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed sensor was enhanced by the incorporation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs/MIP/GCE showed a capability of detection and reproducibility values of 0.4 mg L-1 and 4.1%, respectively (calibration range from 0.3 to 3.1 mg L-1). The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of ethanethiol in spiked wine samples with recoveries ranging from 99% to 107%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asunción Alonso-Lomillo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Olga Domínguez-Renedo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos S/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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7
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4-ethyphenol detection in wine by fullerene modified screen-printed carbon electrodes. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Cowen T, Cheffena M. Template Imprinting Versus Porogen Imprinting of Small Molecules: A Review of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Gas Sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179642. [PMID: 36077047 PMCID: PMC9455763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective sensing of gaseous target molecules is a challenge to analytical chemistry. Selectivity may be achieved in liquids by several different methods, but many of these are not suitable for gas-phase analysis. In this review, we will focus on molecular imprinting and its application in selective binding of volatile organic compounds and atmospheric pollutants in the gas phase. The vast majority of indexed publications describing molecularly imprinted polymers for gas sensors and vapour monitors have been analysed and categorised. Specific attention was then given to sensitivity, selectivity, and the challenges of imprinting these small volatile compounds. A distinction was made between porogen (solvent) imprinting and template imprinting for the discussion of different synthetic techniques, and the suitability of each to different applications. We conclude that porogen imprinting, synthesis in an excess of template, has great potential in gas capture technology and possibly in tandem with more typical template imprinting, but that the latter generally remains preferable for selective and sensitive detection of gaseous molecules. More generally, it is concluded that gas-phase applications of MIPs are an established science, capable of great selectivity and parts-per-trillion sensitivity. Improvements in the fields are likely to emerge by deviating from standards developed for MIP in liquids, but original methodologies generating exceptional results are already present in the literature.
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Buffon E, Stradiotto NR. Using a disposable platform based on reduced graphene oxide, iron nanoparticles and molecularly imprinted polymer for voltammetric determination of vanillic acid in fruit peels. Food Chem 2022; 397:133786. [PMID: 35908470 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the development and application of a disposable electrochemical platform for vanillic acid (VA) detection using screen-printed electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide, iron nanoparticles and molecularly imprinted poly(pyrrole) film. The electrochemical platform was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Using optimized conditions, the proposed disposable platform presented linear concentration ranges of 1.0 × 10-9 to 1.5 × 10-7 mol/L. The limits of detection and quantification obtained for the device were 3.1 × 10-10 and 1.0 × 10-9 mol/L, respectively. The electrochemical platform was found to be selective for VA recognition and presented voltammetric responses with good repeatability and stability. The analytical methodology developed was applied for VA determination in banana and orange peels. The results obtained showed that the proposed electrochemical platform has a good accuracy when applied for the determination of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edervaldo Buffon
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Bioenergy Research Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Ramos Stradiotto
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Bioenergy Research Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Çorman ME, Cetinkaya A, Armutcu C, Bellur Atici E, Uzun L, Ozkan SA. A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer for the assay of teriflunomide. Talanta 2022; 249:123689. [PMID: 35717750 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, pyrrole-histidine has been designed, synthesized and, used as a novel functional monomer to fabricate a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of teriflunomide (TER). The molecularly imprinted thin film of electrochemical sensor was constructed by directly electropolymerization of co-polymer of pyrrole-histidine (PyHis) with pyrrole in the presence of a template, TER, on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). After electropolymerization, the structure and morphology of the fabricated MIP sensor were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and its electrochemical parameters such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The poly (pyrrole-co-pyrrole-histidine) [Poly (Py-co-PyHis)]@MIP/GCE sensor have a linear TER concentration in the of 0.1-1.0 pM with a low detection limit of 11.38 fM. The present strategy for electrochemical sensor have been also showed excellent recovery in synthetic serum samples and tablet dosage form with the recoveries 97.56% and 100.35%, respectively. The developed [Poly (Py-co-PyHis)]@MIP/GCE sensor exhibited an excellent electrochemical response for TER due to the synergistic effect of conducting polymer and molecularly imprinting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emin Çorman
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey; University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Armutcu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Lokman Uzun
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
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Cengiz N, Guclu G, Kelebek H, Capanoglu E, Selli S. Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Detection of Volatile and Off-Odor Compounds in Food Matrices. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15258-15266. [PMID: 35571784 PMCID: PMC9096822 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic receptors having specific cavities intended for a template molecule with a retention mechanism that depends on molecular recognition of the targeted constituent. They were initially established for the detection of minor molecules including drugs, pesticides, or pollutants. One of the most remarkable areas where MIPs have potential utilization is in food analysis, especially in terms of volatile compounds which are found in very low concentrations in foods but play a crucial role for consumer preference and acceptance. In recent years, these polymers have been used extensively for sensing volatile organic and off-odor compounds in terms of food quality for selective high-extraction purposes. This review first summarizes the basic principles and production processes of MIPs. Second, their recent applications in the separation, identification, and quantification of volatile and off-odor compounds in food samples are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurten Cengiz
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Turkey
| | - Gamze Guclu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01130 Adana, Turkey
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, 01250 Adana, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01130 Adana, Turkey
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Apel PY, Velizarov S, Volkov AV, Eliseeva TV, Nikonenko VV, Parshina AV, Pismenskaya ND, Popov KI, Yaroslavtsev AB. Fouling and Membrane Degradation in Electromembrane and Baromembrane Processes. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751622020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets incorporated with polypyrrole nanocomposite: A sensitive metal-free electrocatalyst for determination of antibiotic drug nitrofurantoin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Electropolymerised Polypyrroles as Active Layers for Molecularly Imprinted Sensors: Fabrication and Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061369. [PMID: 33799893 PMCID: PMC7999878 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are widely used in the development of sensors, but even though they are sensitive and robust, they typically show limited selectivity, being cross-sensitive to many substances. In turn, molecular imprinting is a method involving modification of the microstructure of the surface to incorporate cavities, whose shape matches that of the “template”—the analyte to be detected, resulting in high selectivity. The primary goal of this review is to report on and briefly explain the most relevant recent developments related to sensors utilising molecularly imprinted polypyrrole layers and their applications, particularly regarding the detection of bioactive substances. The key approaches to depositing such layers and the most relevant types of analytes are highlighted, and the various trends in the development of this type of sensors are explored.
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Shaabani N, Chan NWC, Jemere AB. A Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Electrochemical Sensor for Naloxone Determination. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:631. [PMID: 33802590 PMCID: PMC8001154 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted sol-gel is reported for selective and sensitive electrochemical determination of the drug naloxone (NLX). The sensor was developed by combining molecular imprinting and sol-gel techniques and electrochemically grafting the sol solution onto a functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube modified indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The sol-gel layer was obtained from acid catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of a solution composed of triethoxyphenylsilane (TEPS) and tetraethoxysilane (TES). The fabrication, structure and properties of the sensing material were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Parameters affecting the sensor's performance were evaluated and optimized. A sensor fabricated under the optimized conditions responded linearly between 0.0 µM and 12 µM NLX, with a detection limit of 0.02 µM. The sensor also showed good run-to-run repeatability and batch-to-batch performance reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 2.5-7.8% (n = 3) and 9.2% (n = 4), respectively. The developed sensor displayed excellent selectivity towards NLX compared to structurally similar compounds (codeine, fentanyl, naltrexone and noroxymorphone), and was successfully used to measure NLX in synthetic urine samples yielding recoveries greater than 88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Shaabani
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada;
| | - Nora W. C. Chan
- Defence Research and Development Canada—Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada;
| | - Abebaw B. Jemere
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada;
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Lakshmi GBVS, Yadav AK, Mehlawat N, Jalandra R, Solanki PR, Kumar A. Gut microbiota derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) detection through molecularly imprinted polymer based sensor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1338. [PMID: 33446682 PMCID: PMC7809026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a microbiota-derived metabolite has been implicated in human health and disease. Its early detection in body fluids has been presumed to be significant in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of many diseases. Hence, the development of reliable and rapid technologies for TMAO detection may augment our understanding of pathogenesis and diagnosis of diseases that TMAO has implicated. The present work is the first report on the development of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective detection of TMAO in body fluids. The MIP developed was based on the polypyrrole (PPy), which was synthesized via chemical oxidation polymerization method, with and without the presence of TMAO. The MIP, NIP and the non-sonicated polymer (PPy-TMAO) were separately deposited electrophoretically onto the hydrolyzed indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glasses. The chemical, morphological, and electrochemical behavior of MIP, non-imprinted polymer (NIP), and PPy-TMAO were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical techniques. The detection response was recorded using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which revealed a decrease in the peak current with the increase in concentration of TMAO. The MIP sensor showed a dynamic detection range of 1-15 ppm with a sensitivity of 2.47 µA mL ppm-1 cm-2. The developed sensor is easy to construct and operate and is also highly selective to detect TMAO in body fluids such as urine. The present research provides a basis for innovative strategies to develop sensors based on MIP to detect other metabolites derived from gut microbiota that are implicated in human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. B. V. S. Lakshmi
- grid.10706.300000 0004 0498 924XSpecial Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit K. Yadav
- grid.10706.300000 0004 0498 924XSpecial Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Mehlawat
- grid.444644.20000 0004 1805 0217Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Rekha Jalandra
- grid.411524.70000 0004 1790 2262Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 India ,grid.19100.390000 0001 2176 7428National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima R. Solanki
- grid.10706.300000 0004 0498 924XSpecial Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- grid.19100.390000 0001 2176 7428National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Qi K, Jin Z, Wang D, Chen Z, Guo X, Qiu Y. Modeling the natural degradation kinetics of conducting polypyrrole for service failure prediction in NaOH aqueous media. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Synthesis of In Situ Photoinduced Halloysite-Polypyrrole@Silver Nanocomposite for the Potential Application in Humidity Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071426. [PMID: 32708297 PMCID: PMC7407375 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Halloysite-polypyrrole-silver nanocomposite has been prepared via in situ photopolymerizations of pyrrole in the presence of silanized halloysite and silver nitrate as a photoinitiator. The halloysite nanoclay (HNT) was modified using the hydrogen donor silane coupling agent (DMA) in order to provide anchoring sites for the polypyrrole/silver composite (PPy@Ag). The mass loadings for both PPy and Ag have been estimated to be 21 and 26 wt%, respectively. The anchored Ag particles were found in the metallic state. The resulting PPy@Ag-modified silanized HNT has been evaluated for the potential application for impedance humidity sensors. HNT-DMA-PPy@Ag nanocomposite with different weight % of PPy@Ag (0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1 wt%) was deposited on the pre-patterned interdigital Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes by spin coating technique. The addition of Ag nanoparticles within the nanocomposite enhances the hydrophilicity of the sensing film, which improves the sensitivity of the humidity sensors. The HNT-DMA-PPy@Ag (0.5 wt%) nanocomposite-based impedance sensors showed good sensitivity and lowered hysteresis as compared to the other ratios of the composite. The maximum calculated hysteresis loss of the HNT-DMA-PPy@Ag (0.5 wt%)-based humidity sensor is around 4.5% at 80% RH (relative humidity), and the minimum hysteresis loss estimated to be 0.05% at 20% RH levels. The response and recovery time of HNT-DMA-PPy@Ag (0.5 wt%) nanocomposite-based impedance sensors were found to be 30 and 35 s, respectively. The interesting humidity-dependent impedance properties of this novel composite make it promising in humidity sensing.
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Comparative Study on the Effect of Protonation Control for Resistive Gas Sensor Based on Close-Packed Polypyrrole Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are often used as sensor electrodes due to their conjugated chain structure, which leads to high sensitivity and rapid response at room temperature. Numerous studies have been conducted on the structures of conducting polymer nanomaterials to increase the active surface area for the target materials. However, studies on the control of the chemical state of conducting polymer chains and the modification of the sensing signal transfer with these changes have not been reported. In this work, polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPyNPs), where is PPy is a conducting polymer, are applied as a sensor transducer to analyze the chemical sensing ability of the electrode. In particular, the protonation of PPy is adjusted by chemical methods to modify the transfer sensing signals with changes in the polymer chain structure. The PPyNPs that were modified at pH 1 exhibit high sensitivity to the target analyte (down to 1 ppb of NH3) with short response and recovery times of less than 20 s and 50 s, respectively, at 25 °C.
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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wen Z, Ding C, Guo Y, Wang K. A novel self-powered aptasensor for digoxin monitoring based on the dual-photoelectrode membrane/mediator-free photofuel cell. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 156:112135. [PMID: 32174560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Self-powered sensor is considered as a promising, rapid, portable and miniaturized detection device that can work without external power input. In this work, a novel dual-photoelectrode self-powered aptasensor for digoxin detection was designed on the basis of a photofuel cell (PFC) composed of a black TiO2 (B-TiO2) photoanode and a CuBr photocathode in a single-chamber cell. The sensing platform avoided the use of membrane, free mediator, bioactive components and costly metal Pt electrodes. The large inherent bias between the Fermi energy level of B-TiO2 and that of CuBr improved the electricity output of PFC that the open circuit potential (OCP) and the maximum power density (Pmax) reached 0.58 V and 6.78 μW cm-2 respectively. Based on the excellent output of PFC, digoxin aptamer was immobilized on photoanode as the recognition element to capture digoxin molecules, which realized the high sensitive and selective detection of digoxin. The self-powered aptasensor displayed a broad linear in the range from 10-12 M to 10-5 M with a detection limit (3 S/N) of 0.33 pM. This work paved a luciferous way for further rapid, portable, miniaturized and on-site self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zuorui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, OE, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Yingshu Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, PR China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, OE, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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