1
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Zhang D, Luo T, Cai X, Zhao NN, Zhang CY. Recent advances in nucleic acid signal amplification-based aptasensors for sensing mycotoxins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4745-4764. [PMID: 38647208 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00982g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in food products may cause serious health hazards and economic losses. The effective control and accurate detection of mycotoxins have become a global concern. Even though a variety of methods have been developed for mycotoxin detection, most conventional methods suffer from complicated operation procedures, low sensitivity, high cost, and long assay time. Therefore, the development of simple and sensitive methods for mycotoxin assay is highly needed. The introduction of nucleic acid signal amplification technology (NASAT) into aptasensors significantly improves the sensitivity and facilitates the detection of mycotoxins. Herein, we give a comprehensive review of the recent advances in NASAT-based aptasensors for assaying mycotoxins and summarize the principles, features, and applications of NASAT-based aptasensors. Moreover, we highlight the challenges and prospects in the field, including the simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins and the development of portable devices for field detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangyue Cai
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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2
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Štukovnik Z, Fuchs-Godec R, Bren U. Nanomaterials and Their Recent Applications in Impedimetric Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:899. [PMID: 37887092 PMCID: PMC10605062 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Impedimetric biosensors measure changes in the electrical impedance due to a biochemical process, typically the binding of a biomolecule to a bioreceptor on the sensor surface. Nanomaterials can be employed to modify the biosensor's surface to increase the surface area available for biorecognition events, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection limits of the biosensor. Various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and graphene oxide nanoparticles, have been investigated for impedimetric biosensors. These nanomaterials have yielded promising results in improving sensitivity, selectivity, and overall biosensor performance. Hence, they offer a wide range of possibilities for developing advanced biosensing platforms that can be employed in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This review focuses on the recent developments in nanoparticle-functionalized electrochemical-impedimetric biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Štukovnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (Z.Š.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Regina Fuchs-Godec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (Z.Š.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (Z.Š.); (R.F.-G.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška Ulica 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska ulica 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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3
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Li J, Liu B, Liu L, Zhang N, Liao Y, Zhao C, Cao M, Zhong Y, Chai D, Chen X, Zhang D, Wang H, He Y, Li Z. Fluorescence-based aptasensors for small molecular food contaminants: From energy transfer to optical polarization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121872. [PMID: 36152504 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small molecular food contaminants, such as mycotoxins, pesticide residues and antibiotics, are highly probable to be passively introduced in food at all stages of its processing, including planting, harvest, production, transportation and storage. Owing to the high risks caused by the unknowing intake and accumulation in human, there is an urgent need to develop rapid, sensitive and efficient methods to monitor them. Fluorescence-based aptasensors provide a promising platform for this area owing to its simple operation, high sensitivity, wide application range and economical practicability. In this paper, the common sorts of small molecular contaminants in foods, namely mycotoxins, pesticides, antibiotics, etc, are briefly introduced. Then, we make a comprehensive review, from fluorescence resonance energy transfer (in turn-on, turn-off, and ratiometric mode, as well as energy upconversion) to fluorescence polarization, of the fluorescence-based aptasensors for the determination of these food contaminants reported in the last five years. The principle of signal generation, the advances of each sort of fluorescent aptasensors, as well as their applications are introduced in detail. Additionally, we also discussed the challenges and perspectives of the fluorescent aptasensors for small molecular food contaminants. This work will offer systematic overview and inspiration for amateurs, researchers and developers of fluorescence-based aptasensors for the detection of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boshi Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Library of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yumeng Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Manzhu Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Danni Chai
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yongzhi He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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4
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Research progress on ratiometric electrochemical sensing of mycotoxins. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Yang Y, Ren MY, Xu XG, Han Y, Zhao X, Li CH, Zhao ZL. Recent advances in simultaneous detection strategies for multi-mycotoxins in foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3932-3960. [PMID: 36330603 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination has become a challenge in the field of food safety testing, given the increasing emphasis on food safety in recent years. Mycotoxins are widely distributed, in heavily polluted areas. Food contamination with these toxins is difficult to prevent and control. Mycotoxins, as are small-molecule toxic metabolites produced by several species belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium growing in food. They are considered teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic to humans and animals. Food systems are often simultaneously contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. Due to the additive or synergistic toxicological effects caused by the co-existence of multiple mycotoxins, their individual detection requires reliable, accurate, and high-throughput techniques. Currently available, methods for the detection of multiple mycotoxins are mainly based on chromatography, spectroscopy (colorimetry, fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering), and electrochemistry. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advances in the multiple detection methods of mycotoxins during the recent 5 years. The principles and features of these techniques are described. The practical applications and challenges associated with assays for multiple detection methods of mycotoxins are summarized. The potential for future development and application is discussed in an effort, to provide standards of references for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Meng-Yu Ren
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Han
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Zhao
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Metering and Safety Testing Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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6
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Wang S, Ma R, Li L, Wang L, Li J, Sun J, Mao X, Tan W. Engineering Robust Aptamers with High Affinity by Key Fragment Evolution and Terminal Fixation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16282-16289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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7
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Zhang M, Guo X. Emerging strategies in fluorescent aptasensor toward food hazard aflatoxins detection. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Ultrasensitive aptasensor using electrospun MXene/polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber composite for Ochratoxin A detection. Food Chem 2022; 390:133105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Zhou L, Zhang Y, Ma Y. Construction of a redox-responsive drug delivery system utilizing the volume of AS1411 spatial configuration gating mesoporous silica pores. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4059-4065. [PMID: 36285218 PMCID: PMC9514570 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, diverse redox-responsive drug delivery systems have emerged to prevent premature drug release and reduce drug toxicity in the human body in cancer treatment. In this paper, we put forward a view of directly utilizing the spatial structure size of the AS1411 aptamer as the nano-gatekeeper on the pore openings of MCM-41 type mesoporous silica and thus constructed a redox-responsive drug delivery system named MCM-41-SS-AS1411. The particles obtained at each step were characterized by TEM, FTIR, SXRD, TGA and zeta potential measurement. The characterization data confirmed that the particles were successfully prepared. The binding amount of the aptamer was ca. 3.1 × 103 for each carrier particle averagely. The anticancer drug Dox was regarded as a drug model to investigate the redox-controlled drug release behavior by fluorescence measurements. The investigation results demonstrate that the spatial volume of aptamer AS1411 can block the mesopore, and this drug-carrier can realize controlled drug release by GSH. We hope this idea can play a prompt role in relevant research. Meanwhile, the preparation steps of this DDS are simplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang 110122 China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110004 China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University Shenyang 110122 China
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10
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Yan X, Du G, Chen H, Zhao Q, Guo Q, Wang J, Wang Z, Song W, Sheng Q, Luo Y, Yuan Y, Yue T. Label-free fluorescence aptasensor for the detection of patulin using target-induced DNA gates and TCPP/BDC-NH 2 mixed ligands functionalized Zr-MOF systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114723. [PMID: 36150324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is an unsaturated lactone mycotoxin primarily produced by Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus clavatus. Given the potential health risks and economic losses associated with PAT, the rapid detection of PAT using fluorescent aptasensors is of significant importance in evaluating food safety. However, it easily increases the cost and complexity caused by signal labeling. We combined TCPP/BDC-NH2 mixed ligands functionalized Zr metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFmix) and terminated three-stranded DNA gates (ttsDNA gates) to fabricate a label-free fluorescent aptasensor for PAT detection. The Zr-MOFmix system was synthesized via a one-pot strategy and could be used to address the problem of pore size limitation and increase the loading amounts of dyes. TtsDNA gate was integrated into the Zr-MOFmix system to control the release of dyes, exhibiting a high signal-to-background ratio. The single-stranded aptamer region in ttsDNA gate situated away from the surface of the Zr-MOFmix, resulting in a natural release of dyes in the absence of PAT. While binding to PAT resulted in target-induced conformational changes that helped form the hairpin structure of the aptamer. This structure hindered the release of dyes from the pores of Zr-MOFmix, thus reducing the fluorescence signals intensity. The stimuli-responsive DNA-gated material provides a platform for PAT analysis under conditions of a low limit of detection (0.871 pg/mL). Furthermore, the excellent specificity and anti-interference of the fluorescent aptasensor make the system suitable for the analysis of apple juice samples. This label-free strategy is cheaper and simper compared with labeled detection, especially for the development of multi-target-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gengan Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiannan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wei Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710067, China
| | - Qinglin Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710067, China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710067, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710067, China.
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710067, China.
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11
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Bai J, Zhou Y, Luo X, Hai J, Si X, Li J, Fu H, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wu Z. Roles of stress response-related signaling and its contribution to the toxicity of zearalenone in mammals. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3326-3345. [PMID: 35751400 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin frequently found in cereal crops and cereal-derived foodstuffs worldwide. It affects plant productivity, and is also a serious hazard to humans and animals if being exposed to food/feed contaminated by ZEA. Studies over the last decade have shown that the toxicity of ZEA in animals is mainly mediated by the various stress responses, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and others. Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress and ER stress signaling are actively implicated in and contributes to the pathophysiology of various diseases. Biochemically, the deleterious effects of ZEA are associated with apoptosis, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation by regulating the expression of genes implicated in these biological processes. Despite these findings, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain unclear. This review summarized the characteristics, metabolism, toxicity and the deleterious effects of ZEA exposure in various tissues of animals. Stress response signaling implicated in the toxicity as well as potential therapeutic options with the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of ZEA in animals were highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yusong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Companion Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, #1, Yuda Road, Pinggu, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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Electrochemical aptasensing for the detection of mycotoxins in food commodities. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02916-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Yan X, Chen H, Du G, Guo Q, Yuan Y, Yue T. Recent trends in fluorescent aptasensors for mycotoxin detection in food: Principles, constituted elements, types, and applications. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Yangling 712100 China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Yangling 712100 China
| | - Gengan Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Yangling 712100 China
| | - Qi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Yangling 712100 China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Yangling 712100 China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Yangling 712100 China
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi’ an 710000 China
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14
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Ma P, Song D, Sun Y. A Ti 3C 2-MXene-functionalized LRSPR biosensor based on sandwich amplification for human IgG detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2355-2362. [PMID: 35174408 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long-range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) has demonstrated excellent performance in sensing and detection, due to its higher accuracy and sensitivity compared with conventional surface plasmon resonance (cSPR). In this work, we establish an LRSPR biosensor which employs PDA/Ti3C2-MXene/PDA-gold film as a sensing substrate and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as enhancers. Ti3C2-MXene is an emerging two-dimensional (2D) layered material which is used extensively in immunoassay and biosensing. The sensing substrate comprises two polydopamine (PDA) films between which is sandwiched a Ti3C2-MXene film based on a gold film, which provides a large surface area and abundant binding sites to rabbit anti-human IgG (Ab1). Sandwich amplification is adopted to enhance the sensitivity of the LRSPR biosensor, and AuNPs/staphylococcal protein A (SPA)/mouse anti-human IgG (Ab2) composites are introduced into the flow cell as enhancers after the immune binding of human IgG to Ab1. The antigen (human IgG) detection range is 0.075 μg mL-1 to 40 μg mL-1, and the limit of detection is almost 20 times lower than that for cSPR biosensors. This novel LRSPR biosensor demonstrates excellent performance in immune sensing over a broad detection range and a low limit of detection. Subsequent modification of the LRSPR sensing platform could be made for extensive application in various biological detection fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Knopp D. Recent Progress in Rapid Determination of Mycotoxins Based on Emerging Biorecognition Molecules: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020073. [PMID: 35202100 PMCID: PMC8874725 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species, which pose significant risk to humans and livestock. The mycotoxins which are produced from Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium are considered most important and therefore regulated in food- and feedstuffs. Analyses are predominantly performed by official laboratory methods in centralized labs by expert technicians. There is an urgent demand for new low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable analytical devices for rapid on-site determination. Most significant advances were realized in the field bioanalytical techniques based on molecular recognition. This review aims to discuss recent progress in the generation of native biomolecules and new bioinspired materials towards mycotoxins for the development of reliable bioreceptor-based analytical methods. After brief presentation of basic knowledge regarding characteristics of most important mycotoxins, the generation, benefits, and limitations of present and emerging biorecognition molecules, such as polyclonal (pAb), monoclonal (mAb), recombinant antibodies (rAb), aptamers, short peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are discussed. Hereinafter, the use of binders in different areas of application, including sample preparation, microplate- and tube-based assays, lateral flow devices, and biosensors, is highlighted. Special focus, on a global scale, is placed on commercial availability of single receptor molecules, test-kits, and biosensor platforms using multiplexed bead-based suspension assays and planar biochip arrays. Future outlook is given with special emphasis on new challenges, such as increasing use of rAb based on synthetic and naïve antibody libraries to renounce animal immunization, multiple-analyte test-kits and high-throughput multiplexing, and determination of masked mycotoxins, including stereoisomeric degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universitat München, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, D-81377 München, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (D.K.)
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16
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Zhang N, Li J, Liu B, Zhang D, Zhang C, Guo Y, Chu X, Wang W, Wang H, Yan X, Li Z. Signal enhancing strategies in aptasensors for the detection of small molecular contaminants by nanomaterials and nucleic acid amplification. Talanta 2022; 236:122866. [PMID: 34635248 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small molecular contaminants (such as mycotoxins, antibiotics, pesticide residues, etc.) in food and environment have given rise to many biological and ecological toxicities, which has attracted worldwide attention in recent years. Meanwhile, due to the advantages of aptamers such as high specificity and stability, easy synthesis and modification, as well as low cost and immunogenicity, various aptasensors for the detection of small molecular contaminants have been flourishing. An aptasensor as a whole is composed of an aptamer-based target recognizer and a signal transducer, which are fields of concentrated research. In the practical detection applications, in order to achieve the quantitative detection of small molecular contaminants at low abundance in real samples, a large number of signal enhancing strategies have been utilized in the development of aptasensors. Recent years is a vintage period for efficient signal enhancing strategies of aptasensors by the aid of nanomaterials and nucleic acid amplification that are applied in the elements for target recognition and signal conversion. Therefore, this paper meticulously reviews the signal enhancing strategies based on nanomaterials (including the (quasi-)zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanomaterials) and nucleic acid amplification (including enzyme-assisted nucleic acid amplification and enzyme-free nucleic acid amplification). Furthermore, the challenges and future trends of the abovementioned signal enhancing strategies for application are also discussed in order to inspire the practitioners in the research and development of aptasensors for small molecular contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jingrong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Boshi Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuheng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xinhong Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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17
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Ganesan AR, Mohan K, Karthick Rajan D, Pillay AA, Palanisami T, Sathishkumar P, Conterno L. Distribution, toxicity, interactive effects, and detection of ochratoxin and deoxynivalenol in food: A review. Food Chem 2021; 378:131978. [PMID: 35033712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that cause severe damage to agricultural products and food in the food supply chain. These detrimental pollutants have been directly linked with poor socioeconomic patterns and human health issues. Among the natural micropollutants, ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are widely distributed in food materials. The primary occurrence of these mycotoxins is reported in almost all cereal grains and fresh agro-products. Both mycotoxins have shown harmful effects, such as nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and genotoxic effects, in humans due to their complex structural formation during the degradation/acetylation reaction. In addition, improper preharvest, harvest, and postharvest handling tend to lead to the formation of OTA and DON in various food commodities, which allows different harmful fungicides in practice. Therefore, this review provides more insight into the distribution and toxicity of OTA/DON in the food matrix and human health. Furthermore, the interactive effects of OTA/DON with co-contaminated organic and inorganic compounds are discussed. Finally, international regulation and mitigation strategies for detoxication are critically evaluated to meet food safety and good agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora (BZ), Auer 39040, Italy.
| | - Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu 608502, India
| | - Arti A Pillay
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Fiji National University, Nabua Campus- 7222, Fiji Islands
| | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lorenza Conterno
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora (BZ), Auer 39040, Italy.
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18
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Zhang N, Li J, Liu B, Wang H, Zhang D, Li Z. A facile "turn-on" fluorescent aptasensor for simultaneous detection of dual mycotoxins in traditional Chinese medicine based on graphene oxide and FRET. Toxicon 2021; 206:42-50. [PMID: 34902366 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin is a common sort of harmful contaminant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is in a great demand of controlling. On this account, a facile "turn-on" fluorescent aptasensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for simultaneous detection of patulin (PAT) and zearalenone (ZEN) was developed. In this study, the aptamers of PAT and ZEN were labeled by FAM and Cy3, respectively, serving as fluorescence probes. Both aptamers could adsorb on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) via π-π stacking, which will consequently result in the occurrence of FRET between the fluorophores and GO. In the absence of the targets, the fluorescence would be quenched "off". In the presence of any of the dual mycotoxins, the corresponding aptamers would interact with the targets and release from GO due to the conformational variation, leading to a fluorescence "turn-on" effect. The limit of detection of this difunctional aptasensor was 2.29 nM for PAT and 0.037 nM for ZEN, respectively. This aptasensing platform exhibited satisfactory selectivity against interferents and reliability in real TCM sample detection. To our knowledge, it is the first aptasensor based on GO and FRET that realizes simultaneous detection of dual mycotoxin in TCM. Moreover, the measurement takes merely ∼60 min, does not need complicated pretreatment, and uses only inexpensive aptamer and GO as consuming materials. To sum up, this aptasensor exhibits great potential in fast, cost-effective and reliable simultaneous detection of multiple targets, and is expected to contribute to the quality and safety control of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jingrong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Boshi Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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19
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Tang S, Liu H, Tian Y, Chen D, Gu C, Wei G, Jiang T, Zhou J. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based lateral flow immunoassay mediated by hydrophilic-hydrophobic Ag-modified PMMA substrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 262:120092. [PMID: 34175758 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it is urgent to ameliorate the accumulation and quantification performances of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based lateral flow immunoassay (SERS-based LFIA) to promote its reliable clinical application. Herein, a smart hydrophilic-hydrophobic SERS-based LFIA strip was demonstrated by decorating Ag nanoplates with hydrophilic surface onto the specific regions of hydrophobic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) film with Raman internal standard (IS), which can unexpectedly inhibit the "coffee-ring phenomenon". The target analytes were consequently enriched in the SERS-active Ag regions by the hydrophobic PMMA, considerably endowing the strip with amended quantitative monitoring ability. Aided by immunoprobes of flower-shaped Ag nanoplates, a limit of detection as 10 pg/mL and an outstanding correlation coefficient value (R2) of 0.992 for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were obtained by utilizing this SERS-based LFIA strip, which can be conducive to clinical monitoring and will broaden the field of vision for the point-of-care diagnostic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yiran Tian
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenjie Gu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guodong Wei
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xian 710021, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
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20
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Li Y, Su R, Li H, Guo J, Hildebrandt N, Sun C. Fluorescent Aptasensors: Design Strategies and Applications in Analyzing Chemical Contamination of Food. Anal Chem 2021; 94:193-224. [PMID: 34788014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ruifang Su
- nanoFRET.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique: Réactivité et Analyse), UMR 6014, CNRS, Université de Rouen Normandie, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- nanoFRET.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique: Réactivité et Analyse), UMR 6014, CNRS, Université de Rouen Normandie, INSA, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France.,Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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21
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Suo Z, Liang X, Jin H, He B, Wei M. A signal-enhancement fluorescent aptasensor based on the stable dual cross DNA nanostructure for simultaneous detection of OTA and AFB 1. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7587-7595. [PMID: 34748033 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins is of great significance for food safety and human health. Herein, a simple, convenient and accurate fluorescent aptasensor was designed based on the dual cross DNA nanostructure for the simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), in which the stable dual cross DNA nanostructure provided an assay platform using the fluorescent dye-labeled aptamers as a sensing element. Owing to the higher affinity of aptamers for their target, the aptamer probes were released from the assay platform in the presence of OTA and AFB1, resulting in an enhanced fluorescence at 570 nm and 670 nm. This "signal-on" fluorescent aptasensor assay system can effectively avoid background signals and minimize false positive. Furthermore, the designed method can realize the simultaneous detection of OTA and AFB1 during the whole experiment. The limits of detection (LOD) were as low as 0.0058 ng/mL for OTA, ranging from 0.01 to 50 ng/mL and 0.046 ng/mL for AFB1, ranging from 0.05 to 100 ng/mL. The proposed fluorescent aptasensor exhibits excellent performance in practical application and provides a novel approach for the simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins by simply changing the aptamers. A "signal-on" fluorescent aptasensor assay system based on the stable dual cross DNA nanostructure was successfully developed for simultaneous detection of OTA and AFB1 with lower detection limits in wider linear ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Suo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiujun Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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22
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A disposable gold foil paper-based aptasensor for detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with SERS analysis and magnetic separation technology. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:396. [PMID: 34714421 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in fluids with complex background is an important task for safety quality control in the field of medicine, environment, and food. In this study, a gold foil paper-based aptasensor was developed for the detection of enteropathogenic EPEC O26:K60 with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and magnetic separation technology mediated by Fe3O4@Au composite. The gold foil paper was firstly modified with thiolated capture probe and SERS tag. The thiolated aptamer probe for EPEC was immobilized onto a Fe3O4@Au composite. In the presence of EPEC, highly specific recognition between the aptamer probe and EPEC made the Fe3O4@Au composite partially dissociated from the gold foil paper. This led to a decreased Raman intensity response, which showed an obvious negative linear correlation with increasing concentration of EPEC over a wide concentration range from 10 to 107 CFU/mL under an excitation wavelength of 633 nm. The detection limit was about 2.86 CFU/mL in a buffer solution and a licorice extractum and the detection time was only 2.5 h. The results demonstrate that the gold foil paper-based aptasensor can be an excellent biosensing platform that offers a reliable, rapid, and sensitive alternative for EPEC detection.
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23
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Wang S, Gao H, Wei Z, Zhou J, Ren S, He J, Luan Y, Lou X. Shortened and multivalent aptamers for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of alternariol in wheat using optical waveguide sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113702. [PMID: 34655971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) is one of the common mycotoxins existing in a variety of foods at low level. Aptamers hold great promise for the development of sensitive and rapid aptasensors, but suffer from the excessive length and the difficulty in identification of critical binding domains (CBDs). In this study, the 5 nt CBD of the original 59-nt AOH aptamer (AOH-59, KD = 423 nM) was identified to be a 'C' bulge in between two A-T base pairs. AOH-59 was successfully shortened to a 23 nt aptamer (AOH 6C, KD = 701 nM). A 30 nt bivalent aptamer B-2-3 (KD = 445 nM) and a 39 nt trivalent aptamer T-2-3 (KD = 274 nM) were obtained by simply incorporating one or two CBDs into AOH 6C. The AOH 6C-, B-2-3-, and T-2-3-based optical waveguide aptasensors possessed the unprecedented detection of limits (LODs, S/N = 3) of 42 ± 3, 6 ± 1 and 2 ± 1 fM, respectively. Using the AOH 6C-based sensor as an example, we further demonstrated the detection of AOH spiked in wheat powder with a LOD of 37 pg/g, 20-230-fold lower than those achieved by ELISAs. The sensor was capable for 35 times 2-min regeneration and the assay time including the extraction of AOH from wheat was only about 1 h. We not only devised the first aptasensors for AOH detection, but also provided a simple strategy to design multivalent aptamers for small molecule targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hualong Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhenzhe Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianshuo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yunxia Luan
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Middle Road of Shuguang Huayuan No.9, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Xinhui Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road. 105, Beijing 100048, China.
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24
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Recent Achievements in Electrochemical and Surface Plasmon Resonance Aptasensors for Mycotoxins Detection. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate agriculture products. Their release in the environment can cause severe damage to human health. Aptasensors are compact analytical devices that are intended for the fast and reliable detection of various species able to specifically interact with aptamers attached to the transducer surface. In this review, assembly of electrochemical and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) aptasensors are considered with emphasis on the mechanism of signal generation. Moreover, the properties of mycotoxins and the aptamers selected for their recognition are briefly considered. The analytical performance of biosensors developed within last three years makes it possible to determine mycotoxin residues in water and agriculture/food products on the levels below their maximal admissible concentrations. Requirements for the development of sample treatment and future trends in aptasensors are also discussed.
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25
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Guo W, Zhang C, Ma T, Liu X, Chen Z, Li S, Deng Y. Advances in aptamer screening and aptasensors' detection of heavy metal ions. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:166. [PMID: 34074287 PMCID: PMC8171055 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become more and more serious with industrial development and resource exploitation. Because heavy metal ions are difficult to be biodegraded, they accumulate in the human body and cause serious threat to human health. However, the conventional methods to detect heavy metal ions are more strictly to the requirements by detection equipment, sample pretreatment, experimental environment, etc. Aptasensor has the advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity and simple preparation to detect small molecules, which provides a new direction platform in the detection of heavy metal ions. This paper reviews the selection of aptamers as target for heavy metal ions since the 21th century and aptasensors application for detection of heavy metal ions that were reported in the past five years. Firstly, the selection methods for aptamers with high specificity and high affinity are introduced. Construction methods and research progress on sensor based aptamers as recognition element are also introduced systematically. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of aptasensors in detecting heavy metal ions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
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26
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Curulli A. Electrochemical Biosensors in Food Safety: Challenges and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:2940. [PMID: 34063344 PMCID: PMC8156954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Safety and quality are key issues for the food industry. Consequently, there is growing demand to preserve the food chain and products against substances toxic, harmful to human health, such as contaminants, allergens, toxins, or pathogens. For this reason, it is mandatory to develop highly sensitive, reliable, rapid, and cost-effective sensing systems/devices, such as electrochemical sensors/biosensors. Generally, conventional techniques are limited by long analyses, expensive and complex procedures, and skilled personnel. Therefore, developing performant electrochemical biosensors can significantly support the screening of food chains and products. Here, we report some of the recent developments in this area and analyze the contributions produced by electrochemical biosensors in food screening and their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Curulli
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) CNR, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Roma, Italy
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27
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Shaban SM, Kim DH. Recent Advances in Aptamer Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:979. [PMID: 33540523 PMCID: PMC7867169 DOI: 10.3390/s21030979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, aptamers have attracted attention in the biosensing field as signal recognition elements because of their high binding affinity toward specific targets such as proteins, cells, small molecules, and even metal ions, antibodies for which are difficult to obtain. Aptamers are single oligonucleotides generated by in vitro selection mechanisms via the systematic evolution of ligand exponential enrichment (SELEX) process. In addition to their high binding affinity, aptamers can be easily functionalized and engineered, providing several signaling modes such as colorimetric, fluorometric, and electrochemical, in what are known as aptasensors. In this review, recent advances in aptasensors as powerful biosensor probes that could be used in different fields, including environmental monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and drug monitoring, are described. Advances in aptamer-based colorimetric, fluorometric, and electrochemical aptasensing with their advantages and disadvantages are summarized and critically discussed. Additionally, future prospects are pointed out to facilitate the development of aptasensor technology for different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy M. Shaban
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
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28
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Wang M, Xue Y, Zhu JH, Wang AJ, Mei LP, Song P. A novel label-free photoelectrochemical aptasensor for the sensitive detection of ampicillin based on carbon-coated Bi 2S 3 nanorods. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prepared Bi2S3@C nanorods with remarkable photoelectrochemical properties served as a PEC sensor platform for the ultrasensitive analysis of ampicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Li-Ping Mei
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Pei Song
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China
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Majdinasab M, Ben Aissa S, Marty JL. Advances in Colorimetric Strategies for Mycotoxins Detection: Toward Rapid Industrial Monitoring. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 13:13. [PMID: 33374434 PMCID: PMC7823678 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins contamination is a global public health concern. Therefore, highly sensitive and selective techniques are needed for their on-site monitoring. Several approaches are conceivable for mycotoxins analysis, among which colorimetric methods are the most attractive for commercialization purposes thanks to their visual read-out, easy operation, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response. This review covers the latest achievements in the last five years for the development of colorimetric methods specific to mycotoxins analysis, with a particular emphasis on their potential for large-scale applications in food industries. Gathering all types of (bio)receptors, main colorimetric methods are critically discussed, including enzyme-linked assays, lateral flow-assays, microfluidic devices, and homogenous in-solution strategies. This special focus on colorimetry as a versatile transduction method for mycotoxins analysis is comprehensively reviewed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Majdinasab
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran;
| | - Sondes Ben Aissa
- BAE-LBBM Laboratory, University of Perpignan via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France;
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- BAE-LBBM Laboratory, University of Perpignan via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France;
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30
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Ciriaco F, De Leo V, Catucci L, Pascale M, Logrieco AF, DeRosa MC, De Girolamo A. An In-Silico Pipeline for Rapid Screening of DNA Aptamers against Mycotoxins: The Case-Study of Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2983. [PMID: 33327526 PMCID: PMC7764985 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides selected by SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) able to discriminate target molecules with high affinity and specificity, even in the case of very closely related structures. Aptamers have been produced for several targets including small molecules like mycotoxins; however, the high affinity for their respective target molecules is a critical requirement. In the last decade, the screening through computational methods of aptamers for their affinity against specific targets has greatly increased and is becoming a commonly used procedure due to its convenience and low costs. This paper describes an in-silico approach for rapid screening of ten ssDNA aptamer sequences against fumonisin B1 (FB1, n = 3), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, n = 2) and ochratoxin A (OTA, n = 5). Theoretical results were compared with those obtained by testing the same aptamers by fluorescent microscale thermophoresis and by magnetic beads assay for their binding affinity (KD) revealing a good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ciriaco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (V.D.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (V.D.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucia Catucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (V.D.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Michelangelo Pascale
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Maria C. DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Annalisa De Girolamo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (A.F.L.)
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Investigation of a Truncated Aptamer for Ofloxacin Detection Using a Rapid FRET-Based Apta-Assay. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120860. [PMID: 33287135 PMCID: PMC7761777 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the use of a new truncated aptamer for the determination of ofloxacin (OFL), being a principal quinolone commonly used in both human and animal healthcare. Since the affinity of a 72-mer ssDNA sequence has been previously described without further investigations, this paper demonstrates the first computational prediction of the binding motif between this aptamer and OFL through in silico molecular docking studies. Besides, we suggest the application of the characterized recognition mechanism in a simple FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) pattern for the rapid aptasensing of the quinolone of interest. Accordingly, our approach harnesses the fluorescence quenching of the fluorescein-tagged aptamer (FAM-APT) induced by its partial hybridization to a tetramethyl rhodamine-labelled complementary ssDNA (TAMRA-cDNA). In such a structure, dye labels brought into close proximity act as a FRET pair. Upon ofloxacin addition, an affinity competition occurs to form a more stable FAM-APT/OFL complex, thus unquenching the FAM-APT signal. Interestingly, the recovered fluorescence intensity was found to correlate well with the antibiotic's concentrations in the range of 0.2-200 μM in HEPES buffer, with a linear response that ranged between 0.2 and 20 μM. The rapid apta-assay achieved limits of detection and quantification of 0.12 and 0.40 μM, respectively. The truncated aptamer has also shown an improved specificity toward OFL than other quinolones, compared to the original full-length aptamer described in previous works. Finally, the practical application of the developed apta-assay was successfully confirmed to detect OFL quinolone in spiked milk samples, with satisfactory recoveries ranging between 97.4% and 111.4%.
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