1
|
Xuan Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Lv M, Li F, Gong Q. Structural basis of pri-let-7 recognition by human pseudouridine synthase TruB1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 721:150122. [PMID: 38776834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Let-7 was one of the first microRNAs (miRNAs) to be discovered and its expression promotes differentiation during development and function as tumor suppressors in various cancers. The maturation process of let-7 miRNA is tightly regulated by multiple RNA-binding proteins. For example, LIN28 binds to the terminal loops of the precursors of let-7 family and block their processing into mature miRNAs. Trim25 promotes the uridylation-mediated degradation of pre-let-7 modified by LIN28/TUT4. Recently, human pseudouridine synthase TruB1 has been reported to facilitate let-7 maturation by directly binding to pri-let-7 and recruiting Drosha-DGCR8 microprocessor. Through biochemical assay and structural investigation, we show that human TruB1 binds specifically the terminal loop of pri-let-7a1 at nucleotides 31-41, which folds as a small stem-loop architecture. Although TruB1 recognizes the terminal loop of pri-let-7a1 in a way similar to how E. coli TruB interacts with tRNA, a conserved KRKK motif in human and other higher eukaryotes adds an extra binding interface and strengthens the recognition of TruB1 for pri-let-7a1 through electrostatic interactions. These findings reveal the structural basis of TruB1-pri-let-7 interaction which may assists the elucidation of precise role of TruB1 in biogenesis of let-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Xuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, PR China
| | - Mengqi Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, PR China
| | - Fudong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, PR China
| | - Qingguo Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Que H, Mai E, Hu Y, Li H, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Han F, Li X, Gong P, Gu J. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells: a powerful tool for tissue damage repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1380785. [PMID: 38872932 PMCID: PMC11169632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1380785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are a type of pluripotent cell with unique characteristics such as non-tumorigenic and pluripotent differentiation ability. After homing, Muse cells spontaneously differentiate into tissue component cells and supplement damaged/lost cells to participate in tissue repair. Importantly, Muse cells can survive in injured tissue for an extended period, stabilizing and promoting tissue repair. In addition, it has been confirmed that injection of exogenous Muse cells exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrosis, immunomodulatory, and paracrine protective effects in vivo. The discovery of Muse cells is an important breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine. The article provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics, sources, and potential mechanisms of Muse cells for tissue repair and regeneration. This review serves as a foundation for the further utilization of Muse cells as a key clinical tool in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rosenblum SL, Soueid DM, Giambasu G, Vander Roest S, Pasternak A, DiMauro EF, Simov V, Garner AL. Live cell screening to identify RNA-binding small molecule inhibitors of the pre-let-7-Lin28 RNA-protein interaction. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1539-1546. [PMID: 38784453 PMCID: PMC11110735 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the networking of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and RNAs drives many human diseases, including cancers, and the targeting of RNA-protein interactions (RPIs) has emerged as an exciting area of RNA-targeted drug discovery. Accordingly, methods that enable the discovery of cell-active small molecule modulators of RPIs are needed to propel this emerging field forward. Herein, we describe the application of live-cell assay technology, RNA interaction with protein-mediated complementation assay (RiPCA), for high-throughput screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of the pre-let-7d-Lin28A RPI. Utilizing a combination of RNA-biased small molecules and virtual screening hits, we discovered an RNA-binding small molecule that can disrupt the pre-let-7-Lin28 interaction demonstrating the potential of RiPCA for advancing RPI-targeted drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L Rosenblum
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan 210 Washtenaw Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Dalia M Soueid
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan 1600 Huron Parkway, NCRC B520 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - George Giambasu
- Computational Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Steve Vander Roest
- Center for Chemical Genomics, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan 210 Washtenaw Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Erin F DiMauro
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Vladimir Simov
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Amanda L Garner
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan 210 Washtenaw Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan 1600 Huron Parkway, NCRC B520 Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seo Y, Rhim J, Kim JH. RNA-binding proteins and exoribonucleases modulating miRNA in cancer: the enemy within. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1080-1106. [PMID: 38689093 PMCID: PMC11148060 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the investigation of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and the miRNA processing machinery has revealed previously unknown roles of posttranscriptional regulation in gene expression. The molecular mechanistic interplay between miRNAs and their regulatory factors, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and exoribonucleases, has been revealed to play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-causing hepatitis C virus (HCV) is also characterized by close crosstalk of a multitude of host RBPs and exoribonucleases with miR-122 and its RNA genome, suggesting the importance of the mechanistic interplay among these factors during the proliferation of HCV. This review primarily aims to comprehensively describe the well-established roles and discuss the recently discovered understanding of miRNA regulators, RBPs and exoribonucleases, in relation to various cancers and the proliferation of a representative cancer-causing RNA virus, HCV. These have also opened the door to the emerging potential for treating cancers as well as HCV infection by targeting miRNAs or their respective cellular modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Seo
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Jiho Rhim
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea.
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oyejobi GK, Yan X, Sliz P, Wang L. Regulating Protein-RNA Interactions: Advances in Targeting the LIN28/Let-7 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3585. [PMID: 38612395 PMCID: PMC11011352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Originally discovered in C. elegans, LIN28 is an evolutionarily conserved zinc finger RNA-binding protein (RBP) that post-transcriptionally regulates genes involved in developmental timing, stem cell programming, and oncogenesis. LIN28 acts via two distinct mechanisms. It blocks the biogenesis of the lethal-7 (let-7) microRNA (miRNA) family, and also directly binds messenger RNA (mRNA) targets, such as IGF-2 mRNA, and alters downstream splicing and translation events. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of LIN28 repression of let-7 and current strategies to overcome this blockade for the purpose of cancer therapy. We highlight the value of the LIN28/let-7 pathway as a drug target, as multiple oncogenic proteins that the pathway regulates are considered undruggable due to their inaccessible cellular location and lack of cavities for small molecule binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greater Kayode Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaodan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
| | - Piotr Sliz
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.K.O.); (X.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia Y, Pei T, Zhao J, Wang Z, Shen Y, Yang Y, Liang J. Long noncoding RNA H19: functions and mechanisms in regulating programmed cell death in cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:76. [PMID: 38355574 PMCID: PMC10866971 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNAs with transcript lengths of >200 nucleotides. Mounting evidence suggests that lncRNAs are closely associated with tumorigenesis. LncRNA H19 (H19) was the first lncRNA to function as an oncogene in many malignant tumors. Apart from the established role of H19 in promoting cell growth, proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis, it has been recently discovered that H19 also inhibits programmed cell death (PCD) of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which H19 regulates PCD in cancer cells through various signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and epigenetic modifications. H19 regulates PCD through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. It also acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in PCD regulation. The interaction between H19 and RNA-binding proteins (RBP) regulates apoptosis in cancer. Moreover, epigenetic modifications, including DNA and RNA methylation and histone modifications, are also involved in H19-associated PCD regulation. In conclusion, we summarize the role of H19 signaling via PCD in cancer chemoresistance, highlighting the promising research significance of H19 as a therapeutic target. We hope that our study will contribute to a broader understanding of H19 in cancer development and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianjiao Pei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan T, Gao B, Yu H, Pan H, Sun Z, Lei A, Zhang L, Lu H, Wu H, Daley GQ, Feng Y, Zhang J. Dynamic nucleolar phase separation influenced by non-canonical function of LIN28A instructs pluripotent stem cell fate decisions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1256. [PMID: 38341436 PMCID: PMC10858886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
LIN28A is important in somatic reprogramming and pluripotency regulation. Although previous studies addressed that LIN28A can repress let-7 microRNA maturation in the cytoplasm, few focused on its role within the nucleus. Here, we show that the nucleolus-localized LIN28A protein undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and in vitro. The RNA binding domains (RBD) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) of LIN28A contribute to LIN28A and the other nucleolar proteins' phase-separated condensate establishment. S120A, S200A and R192G mutations in the IDR result in subcellular mislocalization of LIN28A and abnormal nucleolar phase separation. Moreover, we find that the naive-to-primed pluripotency state conversion and the reprogramming are associated with dynamic nucleolar remodeling, which depends on LIN28A's phase separation capacity, because the LIN28A IDR point mutations abolish its role in regulating nucleolus and in these cell fate decision processes, and an exogenous IDR rescues it. These findings shed light on the nucleolar function in pluripotent stem cell states and on a non-canonical RNA-independent role of LIN28A in phase separation and cell fate decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Tan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Infectious Disease of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hongru Pan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Anhua Lei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hengxing Lu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Infectious Disease of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Sun X, Li Z, Han X, Wang W, Xu P, Liu Y, Xue Y, Wang Z, Xu S, Wang X, Li G, Tian Y, Zhao Q. Interactions between miRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in endometriosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116182. [PMID: 38262146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the ectopic growth of endometrial tissue (glands and stroma) outside the confines of the uterus and often involves vital organs such as the intestines and urinary system. Endometriosis is considered a refractory disease owing to its enigmatic etiology, propensity for recurrence following conservative or surgical interventions, and the absence of radical treatment and long-term management. In recent years, the incidence of endometriosis has gradually increased, rendering it a pressing concern among women of childbearing age. A more profound understanding of its pathogenesis can significantly improve prognosis. Recent research endeavors have spotlighted the molecular mechanisms by which microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the occurrence and progression of endometriosis. Many miRNAs have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in the affected tissues of both patients and animal models. These miRNAs actively participate in the regulation of inflammatory reactions, cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Their capacity to modulate crucial signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reinforces their potential utility as diagnostic markers or therapeutic agents for endometriosis. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the role of miRNAs that interact with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to regulate the biological behaviors of endometriosis cells and disease-related symptoms, such as pain and infertility. We hope that this review will provide novel insights and promising targets for innovative therapies addressing endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Xueyu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Zhongkang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Xianhong Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Penglin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yuna Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Shuling Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Gailing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vembuli H, Gor R, Ramalingam S, Perales S, Rajasingh J. RNA binding proteins in cancer chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1308102. [PMID: 38328550 PMCID: PMC10847363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1308102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance has been a major obstacle in the quest for a cancer cure. Many chemotherapeutic treatments fail to overcome chemoresistance, resulting in tumor remission. The exact process that leads to drug resistance in many cancers has not been fully explored or understood. However, the discovery of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) has provided insight into various pathways and post-transcriptional gene modifications involved in drug tolerance. RBPs are evolutionarily conserved proteins, and their abnormal gene expression has been associated with cancer progression. Additionally, RBPs are aberrantly expressed in numerous neoplasms. RBPs have also been implicated in maintaining cancer stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and other processes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of RBP-mediated mechanisms of drug resistance and their implications in cancer malignancy. We discuss in detail the role of major RBPs and their correlation with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are associated with the inhibition of chemosensitivity. Understanding and exploring the pathways of RBP-mediated chemoresistance will contribute to the development of improved cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemanathan Vembuli
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ravi Gor
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selene Perales
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li G, Wakao S, Kitada M, Dezawa M. Tumor suppressor let-7 acts as a key regulator for pluripotency gene expression in Muse cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:54. [PMID: 38261036 PMCID: PMC10805825 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the expression of an RNA-binding pluripotency-relevant protein, LIN28, and the absence of its antagonist, the tumor-suppressor microRNA (miRNA) let-7, play a key role in maintaining pluripotency. Muse cells are non-tumorigenic pluripotent-like stem cells residing in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and organ connective tissues as pluripotent surface marker SSEA-3(+). They express pluripotency genes, differentiate into triploblastic-lineage cells, and self-renew at the single cell level. Muse cells do not express LIN28 but do express let-7 at higher levels than in iPSCs. In Muse cells, we demonstrated that let-7 inhibited the PI3K-AKT pathway, leading to sustainable expression of the key pluripotency regulator KLF4 as well as its downstream genes, POU5F1, SOX2, and NANOG. Let-7 also suppressed proliferation and glycolysis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway, suggesting its involvement in non-tumorigenicity. Furthermore, the MEK/ERK pathway is not controlled by let-7 and may have a pivotal role in maintaining self-renewal and suppression of senescence. The system found in Muse cells, in which the tumor suppressor let-7, but not LIN28, tunes the expression of pluripotency genes, might be a rational cell system conferring both pluripotency-like properties and a low risk for tumorigenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy, Kansai Medical University School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Subramanian M, Mills WT, Paranjpe MD, Onuchukwu US, Inamdar M, Maytin AR, Li X, Pomerantz JL, Meffert MK. Growth-suppressor microRNAs mediate synaptic overgrowth and behavioral deficits in Fragile X mental retardation protein deficiency. iScience 2024; 27:108676. [PMID: 38235335 PMCID: PMC10792201 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal neuronal and synapse growth is a core pathology resulting from deficiency of the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), but molecular links underlying the excessive synthesis of key synaptic proteins remain incompletely defined. We find that basal brain levels of the growth suppressor let-7 microRNA (miRNA) family are selectively lowered in FMRP-deficient mice and activity-dependent let-7 downregulation is abrogated. Primary let-7 miRNA transcripts are not altered in FMRP-deficiency and posttranscriptional misregulation occurs downstream of MAPK pathway induction and elevation of Lin28a, a let-7 biogenesis inhibitor. Neonatal restoration of brain let-7 miRNAs corrects hallmarks of FMRP-deficiency, including dendritic spine overgrowth and social and cognitive behavioral deficits, in adult mice. Blockade of MAPK hyperactivation normalizes let-7 miRNA levels in both brain and peripheral blood plasma from Fmr1 KO mice. These results implicate dysregulated let-7 miRNA biogenesis in the pathogenesis of FMRP-deficiency, and highlight let-7 miRNA-based strategies for future biomarker and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Subramanian
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William T. Mills
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manish D. Paranjpe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Uche S. Onuchukwu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manasi Inamdar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amanda R. Maytin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xinbei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joel L. Pomerantz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mollie K. Meffert
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choi IY, Cha JH, Kim SY, Hsieh J, Cho KO. Seizure-induced LIN28A disrupts pattern separation via aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175627. [PMID: 38193536 PMCID: PMC10906464 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged seizures can disrupt stem cell behavior in the adult hippocampus, an important brain structure for spatial memory. Here, using a mouse model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), we characterized spatiotemporal expression of Lin28a mRNA and proteins after SE. Unlike Lin28a transcripts, induction of LIN28A protein after SE was detected mainly in the subgranular zone, where immunoreactivity was found in progenitors, neuroblasts, and immature and mature granule neurons. To investigate roles of LIN28A in epilepsy, we generated Nestin-Cre:Lin28aloxP/loxP (conditional KO [cKO]) and Nestin-Cre:Lin28a+/+ (WT) mice to block LIN28A upregulation in all neuronal lineages after acute seizure. Adult-generated neuron- and hippocampus-associated cognitive impairments were absent in epileptic LIN28A-cKO mice, as evaluated by pattern separation and contextual fear conditioning tests, respectively, while sham-manipulated WT and cKO animals showed comparable memory function. Moreover, numbers of hilar PROX1-expressing ectopic granule cells (EGCs), together with PROX1+/NEUN+ mature EGCs, were significantly reduced in epileptic cKO mice. Transcriptomics analysis and IHC validation at 3 days after pilocarpine administration provided potential LIN28A downstream targets such as serotonin receptor 4. Collectively, our findings indicate that LIN28A is a potentially novel target for regulation of newborn neuron-associated memory dysfunction in epilepsy by modulating seizure-induced aberrant neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seong Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, and
- Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung-Ok Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases and
- CMC Institute for Basic Medical Science, the Catholic Medical Center of The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Klinkovskij A, Shepelev M, Isaakyan Y, Aniskin D, Ulasov I. Advances of Genome Editing with CRISPR/Cas9 in Neurodegeneration: The Right Path towards Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3333. [PMID: 38137554 PMCID: PMC10741756 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) is rising rapidly as the world's population ages. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia are becoming more prevalent and are now the fourth leading cause of death, following heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Although modern diagnostic techniques for detecting NDDs are varied, scientists are continuously seeking new and improved methods to enable early and precise detection. In addition to that, the present treatment options are limited to symptomatic therapy, which is effective in reducing the progression of neurodegeneration but lacks the ability to target the root cause-progressive loss of neuronal functioning. As a result, medical researchers continue to explore new treatments for these conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive summary of the key features of NDDs and an overview of the underlying mechanisms of neuroimmune dysfunction. Additionally, we dive into the cutting-edge treatment options that gene therapy provides in the quest to treat these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Klinkovskij
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Mikhail Shepelev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Yuri Isaakyan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Denis Aniskin
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.K.); (D.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Q, Zhou X, Li X, Yao S, Jiang S, Zhang R, Zou Z, Liao L, Dong J. Effect of down-regulation of let-7c/g on triggering a double-negative feedback loop and promoting restenosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2484-2495. [PMID: 37433785 PMCID: PMC10586861 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main causes of restenosis (RS) in diabetic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). However, the relevant pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we introduced a "two-step injury protocol" rat RS model, which started with the induction of atherosclerosis (AS) and was followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry staining were used to verify the form of RS. Two-step transfection was performed, with the first transfection of Lin28a followed by a second transfection of let-7c and let-7g, to explore the possible mechanism by which Lin28a exerted effects. 5-ethynyl-2΄-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Transwell assay were performed to evaluate the ability of proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of Lin28a protein and let-7 family members. RESULTS Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we discovered that let-7c, let-7g, and microRNA98 (miR98) were downstream targets of Lin28a. More importantly, decreased expression of let-7c/let-7g increased Lin28a, leading to further inhibition of let-7c/let-7g. We also found an increased level of let-7d in the RS pathological condition, suggesting that it may function as a protective regulator of the Lin28a/let-7 loop by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. CONCLUSION These findings indicated the presence of a double-negative feedback loop consisting of Lin28a and let-7c/let-7g, which may be responsible for the vicious behavior of VSMCs in RS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xianzhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shuai Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhiwei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Yoon B, Stefani G, Slack FJ. Lipid kinase PIP5K1A regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis through interacting with nuclear export protein XPO5. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9849-9862. [PMID: 37655623 PMCID: PMC10570020 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs first discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans. The let-7 miRNA is highly conserved in sequence, biogenesis and function from C. elegans to humans. During miRNA biogenesis, XPO5-mediated nuclear export of pre-miRNAs is a rate-limiting step and, therefore, might be critical for the quantitative control of miRNA levels, yet little is known about how this is regulated. Here we show a novel role for lipid kinase PPK-1/PIP5K1A (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase) in regulating miRNA levels. We found that C. elegans PPK-1 functions in the lin-28/let-7 heterochronic pathway, which regulates the strict developmental timing of seam cells. In C. elegans and human cells, PPK-1/PIP5K1A regulates let-7 miRNA levels. We investigated the mechanism further in human cells and show that PIP5K1A interacts with nuclear export protein XPO5 in the nucleus to regulate mature miRNA levels by blocking the binding of XPO5 to pre-let-7 miRNA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this role for PIP5K1A is kinase-independent. Our study uncovers the novel finding of a direct connection between PIP5K1A and miRNA biogenesis. Given that miRNAs are implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer, this new finding might lead to a novel therapeutic opportunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bohyung Yoon
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Giovanni Stefani
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xiao S, Zhang W, Li J, Manley NR. Lin28 regulates thymic growth and involution and correlates with MHCII expression in thymic epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261081. [PMID: 37868985 PMCID: PMC10588642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are essential for T cell development in the thymus, yet the mechanisms governing their differentiation are not well understood. Lin28, known for its roles in embryonic development, stem cell pluripotency, and regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, is expressed in endodermal epithelial cells during embryogenesis and persists in adult epithelia, implying postnatal functions. However, the detailed expression and function of Lin28 in TECs remain unknown. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of Lin28 and its target Let-7g in fetal and postnatal TECs and discovered opposing expression patterns during postnatal thymic growth, which correlated with FOXN1 and MHCII expression. Specifically, Lin28b showed high expression in MHCIIhi TECs, whereas Let-7g was expressed in MHCIIlo TECs. Deletion of Lin28a and Lin28b specifically in TECs resulted in reduced MHCII expression and overall TEC numbers. Conversely, overexpression of Lin28a increased total TEC and thymocyte numbers by promoting the proliferation of MHCIIlo TECs. Additionally, our data strongly suggest that Lin28 and Let-7g expression is reliant on FOXN1 to some extent. These findings suggest a critical role for Lin28 in regulating the development and differentiation of TECs by modulating MHCII expression and TEC proliferation throughout thymic ontogeny and involution. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying TEC differentiation and highlights the significance of Lin28 in orchestrating these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Xiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hommen P, Hwang J, Huang F, Borgelt L, Hohnen L, Wu P. Chromenopyrazole-Peptide Conjugates as Small-Molecule Based Inhibitors Disrupting the Protein-RNA Interaction of LIN28-let-7. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300376. [PMID: 37224100 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the protein-RNA interaction of LIN28 and let-7 is a promising strategy for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics. However, a limited number of small-molecule inhibitors disrupting the LIN28-let-7 interaction with potent efficacy are available. Herein, we developed a novel LIN28-inhibiting strategy by targeting selective hotspot amino acids at the LIN28-let-7 binding interface with small-molecule-based bifunctional conjugates. Starting from reported small-molecule LIN28 inhibitors, we identified a feasible linker-attachment position after performing a structure-activity relationship exploration based on the LIN28-targeting chromenopyrazoles. In parallel, a virtual alanine scan identified hotspot residues at the protein-RNA binding interface, based on which we designed a set of peptides to enhance the interaction with the identified hotspot residues. Conjugation of the tailor-designed peptides with linker-attached chromenopyrazoles yielded a series of bifunctional small-molecule-peptide conjugates, represented by compound 83 (PH-223), as a new LIN28-targeting chemical modality. Our result demonstrated an unexplored rational design approach using bifunctional conjugates to target protein-RNA interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hommen
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Jimin Hwang
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Fubao Huang
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Lydia Borgelt
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Lisa Hohnen
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Simino LAP, Baqueiro MN, Panzarin C, Lopes PKF, Góis MM, Simabuco FM, Ignácio-Souza LM, Milanski M, Ross MG, Desai M, Torsoni AS, Torsoni MA. Hypothalamic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is downregulated by TNFα-induced Let-7 overexpression driven by fatty acids. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23120. [PMID: 37527279 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300439rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The α7nAChR is crucial to the anti-inflammatory reflex, and to the expression of neuropeptides that control food intake, but its expression can be decreased by environmental factors. We aimed to investigate whether microRNA modulation could be an underlying mechanism in the α7nAchR downregulation in mouse hypothalamus following a short-term exposure to an obesogenic diet. Bioinformatic analysis revealed Let-7 microRNAs as candidates to regulate Chrna7, which was confirmed by the luciferase assay. Mice exposed to an obesogenic diet for 3 days had increased Let-7a and decreased α7nAChR levels, accompanied by hypothalamic fatty acids and TNFα content. Hypothalamic neuronal cells exposed to fatty acids presented higher Let-7a and TNFα levels and lower Chrna7 expression, but when the cells were pre-treated with TLR4 inhibitor, Let-7a, TNFα, and Chrna7 were rescued to normal levels. Thus, the fatty acids overload trigger TNFα-induced Let-7 overexpression in hypothalamic neuronal cells, which negatively regulates α7nAChR, an event that can be related to hyperphagia and obesity predisposition in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís A P Simino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mayara N Baqueiro
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panzarin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Priscilla K F Lopes
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Góis
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (Labmas), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (Labmas), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Letícia M Ignácio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michael G Ross
- The Lundquist Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at Harbor - UCLA Medical Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mina Desai
- The Lundquist Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at Harbor - UCLA Medical Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adriana S Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Albuquerque Dias R, Balbinot KM, da Silva Kataoka MS, de Melo Alves Júnior S, de Jesus Viana Pinheiro J. Expression of stem cell markers SALL4, LIN28A, and KLF4 in ameloblastoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:92. [PMID: 37559082 PMCID: PMC10413759 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ameloblastoma (AME) is a benign odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin characterised by slow but aggressive growth, infiltration, and recurrence; it is capable of reaching large dimensions and invading adjacent structures. Stem cell research has proven to be significant in the sphere of tumour biology through these cells' possible involvement in the aetiopathogenesis of this tumour. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on AME, dentigerous cyst (DC), and dental follicle (DF) samples, and indirect immunofluorescence was performed on the AME-hTERT cell line to determine the expression of SALL4, LIN28A, and KLF4. RESULTS Expression of proteins related to cellular pluripotency was higher in AME cells than in DC and DF cells. The analysis revealed that the proteins in question were mainly expressed in the parenchyma of AME tissue samples and were detected in the nuclei of AME-hTERT cells. CONCLUSIONS Stem cells may be related to the origin and progression of AME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela de Albuquerque Dias
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Karolyny Martins Balbinot
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio de Melo Alves Júnior
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi DL. RNA-Binding Proteins as Critical Post-Transcriptional Regulators of Cardiac Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12004. [PMID: 37569379 PMCID: PMC10418649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury causes death to cardiomyocytes and leads to heart failure. The adult mammalian heart has very limited regenerative capacity. However, the heart from early postnatal mammals and from adult lower vertebrates can fully regenerate after apical resection or myocardial infarction. Thus, it is of particular interest to decipher the mechanism underlying cardiac regeneration that preserves heart structure and function. RNA-binding proteins, as key regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression to coordinate cell differentiation and maintain tissue homeostasis, display dynamic expression in fetal and adult hearts. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated their importance for the survival and proliferation of cardiomyocytes following neonatal and postnatal cardiac injury. Functional studies suggest that RNA-binding proteins relay damage-stimulated cell extrinsic or intrinsic signals to regulate heart regenerative capacity by reprogramming multiple molecular and cellular processes, such as global protein synthesis, metabolic changes, hypertrophic growth, and cellular plasticity. Since manipulating the activity of RNA-binding proteins can improve the formation of new cardiomyocytes and extend the window of the cardiac regenerative capacity in mammals, they are potential targets of therapeutic interventions for cardiovascular disease. This review discusses our evolving understanding of RNA-binding proteins in regulating cardiac repair and regeneration, with the aim to identify important open questions that merit further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology (CNRS-UMR7622), Institute de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
García-Moreno JF, Lacerda R, da Costa PJ, Pereira M, Gama-Carvalho M, Matos P, Romão L. DIS3L2 knockdown impairs key oncogenic properties of colorectal cancer cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:185. [PMID: 37340282 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
DIS3L2 degrades different types of RNAs in an exosome-independent manner including mRNAs and several types of non-coding RNAs. DIS3L2-mediated degradation is preceded by the addition of nontemplated uridines at the 3'end of its targets by the terminal uridylyl transferases 4 and 7. Most of the literature that concerns DIS3L2 characterizes its involvement in several RNA degradation pathways, however, there is some evidence that its dysregulated activity may contribute to cancer development. In the present study, we characterize the role of DIS3L2 in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Using the public RNA datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found higher DIS3L2 mRNA levels in CRC tissues versus normal colonic samples as well as worse prognosis in patients with high DIS3L2 expression. In addition, our RNA deep-sequencing data revealed that knockdown (KD) of DIS3L2 induces a strong transcriptomic disturbance in SW480 CRC cells. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis of significant upregulated transcripts displays enrichment in mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and cancer-related pathways, which guided us to evaluate which specific hallmarks of cancer are differentially regulated by DIS3L2. To do so, we employed four CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480, Caco-2 and HT-29) differing in their mutational background and oncogenicity. We demonstrate that depletion of DIS3L2 results in reduced cell viability of highly oncogenic SW480 and HCT116 CRC cells, but had little or no impact in the more differentiated Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. Remarkably, the mTOR signaling pathway, crucial for cell survival and growth, is downregulated after DIS3L2 KD, whereas AZGP1, an mTOR pathway inhibitor, is upregulated. Furthermore, our results indicate that depletion of DIS3L2 disturbs metastasis-associated properties, such as cell migration and invasion, only in highly oncogenic CRC cells. Our work reveals for the first time a role for DIS3L2 in sustaining CRC cell proliferation and provides evidence that this ribonuclease is required to support the viability and invasive behavior of dedifferentiated CRC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F García-Moreno
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Lacerda
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo J da Costa
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Romão
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Broughton K, Esquer C, Echeagaray O, Firouzi F, Shain G, Ebeid D, Monsanto M, Yaareb D, Golgolab L, Gude N, Sussman MA. Surface Lin28A expression consistent with cellular stress parallels indicators of senescence. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:743-758. [PMID: 35880724 PMCID: PMC10409908 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Declining cellular functional capacity resulting from stress or ageing is a primary contributor to impairment of myocardial performance. Molecular pathway regulation of biological processes in cardiac interstitial cells (CICs) is pivotal in stress and ageing responses. Altered localization of the RNA-binding protein Lin28A has been reported in response to environmental stress, but the role of Lin28A in response to stress in CICs has not been explored. Surface Lin28A redistribution is indicative of stress response in CIC associated with ageing and senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Localization of Lin28A was assessed by multiple experimental analyses and treatment conditions and correlated to oxidative stress, senescence, and ploidy in adult murine CICs. Surface Lin28A expression is present on 5% of fresh CICs and maintained through Passage 2, increasing to 21% in hyperoxic conditions but lowered to 14% in physiologic normoxia. Surface Lin28A is coincident with elevated senescence marker p16 and beta-galactosidase (β-gal) expression in CICs expanded in hyperoxia, and also increases with polyploidization and binucleation of CICs regardless of oxygen culture. Transcriptional profiling of CICs using single-cell RNA-Seq reveals up-regulation of pathways associated with oxidative stress in CICs exhibiting surface Lin28A. Induction of surface Lin28A by oxidative stress is blunted by treatment of cells with the antioxidant Trolox in a dose-dependent manner, with 300 μM Trolox exposure maintaining characteristics of freshly isolated CICs possessing low expression of surface Lin28A and β-gal with predominantly diploid content. CONCLUSION Surface Lin28A is a marker of environmental oxidative stress in CICs and antioxidant treatment antagonizes this phenotype. The biological significance of Lin28 surface expression and consequences for myocardial responses may provide important insights regarding mitigation of cardiac stress and ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Broughton
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Esquer
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Oscar Echeagaray
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Grant Shain
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - David Ebeid
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Megan Monsanto
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Dena Yaareb
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Leila Golgolab
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Natalie Gude
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tabilas C, Smith NL, Rudd BD. Shaping immunity for life: Layered development of CD8 + T cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:108-125. [PMID: 36653953 PMCID: PMC10205662 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the immune system was believed to develop along a linear axis of maturity from fetal life to adulthood. Now, it is clear that distinct layers of immune cells are generated from unique waves of hematopoietic progenitors during different windows of development. This model, known as the layered immune model, has provided a useful framework for understanding why distinct lineages of B cells and γδ T cells arise in succession and display unique functions in adulthood. However, the layered immune model has not been applied to CD8+ T cells, which are still often viewed as a uniform population of cells belonging to the same lineage, with functional differences between cells arising from environmental factors encountered during infection. Recent studies have challenged this idea, demonstrating that not all CD8+ T cells are created equally and that the functions of individual CD8+ T cells in adults are linked to when they were created in the host. In this review, we discuss the accumulating evidence suggesting there are distinct ontogenetic subpopulations of CD8+ T cells and propose that the layered immune model be extended to the CD8+ T cell compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cybelle Tabilas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Norah L. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Brian D. Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Egea V, Megens RTA, Santovito D, Wantha S, Brandl R, Siess W, Khani S, Soehnlein O, Bartelt A, Weber C, Ries C. Properties and fate of human mesenchymal stem cells upon miRNA let-7f-promoted recruitment to atherosclerotic plaques. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:155-166. [PMID: 35238350 PMCID: PMC10022860 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries leading to the formation of atheromatous plaques. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are recruited from the circulation into plaques where in response to their environment they adopt a phenotype with immunomodulatory properties. However, the mechanisms underlying hMSC function in these processes are unclear. Recently, we described that miRNA let-7f controls hMSC invasion guided by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Here, we investigated the role of let-7f in hMSC tropism to human atheromas and the effects of the plaque microenvironment on cell fate and release of soluble factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Incubation of hMSCs with LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide abundantly found in plaques, increased biosynthesis of let-7f and N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), enabling chemotactic invasion of the cells towards LL-37, as determined by qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and cell invasion assay analysis. In an Apoe-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis, circulating hMSCs preferentially adhered to athero-prone endothelium. This property was facilitated by elevated levels of let-7f in the hMSCs, as assayed by ex vivo artery perfusion and two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Exposure of hMSCs to homogenized human atheromatous plaque material considerably induced the production of various cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, as studied by PCR array and western blot analysis. Moreover, exposure to human plaque extracts elicited differentiation of hMSCs into cells of the myogenic lineage, suggesting a potentially plaque-stabilizing effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that let-7f promotes hMSC tropism towards atheromas through the LL-37/FPR2 axis and demonstrate that hMSCs upon contact with human plaque environment develop a potentially athero-protective signature impacting the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Egea
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +49-89-4400-55310, E-mail: (C.R.); Tel: +49-89-4400-43902, E-mail: (V.E.)
| | - Remco Theodorus Adrianus Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), UoS of Milan, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Sarawuth Wantha
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Brandl
- St. Mary’s Square Institute for Vascular Surgery and Phlebology, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Siess
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sajjad Khani
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Ries
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +49-89-4400-55310, E-mail: (C.R.); Tel: +49-89-4400-43902, E-mail: (V.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Placental Galectins in Cancer: Why We Should Pay More Attention. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030437. [PMID: 36766779 PMCID: PMC9914345 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The first studies suggesting that abnormal expression of galectins is associated with cancer were published more than 30 years ago. Today, the role of galectins in cancer is relatively well established. We know that galectins play an active role in many types of cancer by regulating cell growth, conferring cell death resistance, or inducing local and systemic immunosuppression, allowing tumor cells to escape the host immune response. However, most of these studies have focused on very few galectins, most notably galectin-1 and galectin-3, and more recently, galectin-7 and galectin-9. Whether other galectins play a role in cancer remains unclear. This is particularly true for placental galectins, a subgroup that includes galectin-13, -14, and -16. The role of these galectins in placental development has been well described, and excellent reviews on their role during pregnancy have been published. At first sight, it was considered unlikely that placental galectins were involved in cancer. Yet, placentation and cancer progression share several cellular and molecular features, including cell invasion, immune tolerance and vascular remodeling. The development of new research tools and the concomitant increase in database repositories for high throughput gene expression data of normal and cancer tissues provide a new opportunity to examine the potential involvement of placental galectins in cancer. In this review, we discuss the possible roles of placental galectins in cancer progression and why they should be considered in cancer studies. We also address challenges associated with developing novel research tools to investigate their protumorigenic functions and design highly specific therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ojo OE, Kreuzer-Redmer S. MicroRNAs in Ruminants and Their Potential Role in Nutrition and Physiology. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10010057. [PMID: 36669058 PMCID: PMC9867202 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of how diet choices, dietary supplements, and feed intake influence molecular mechanisms in ruminant nutrition and physiology to maintain ruminant health, is essential to attain. In the present review, we focus on the role of microRNAs in ruminant health and disease; additionally, we discuss the potential of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of disease in ruminants and the state of technology for their detection, also considering the major difficulties in the transition of biomarker development from bench to clinical practice. MicroRNAs are an inexhaustible class of endogenous non-protein coding small RNAs of 18 to 25 nucleotides that target either the 3' untranslated (UTR) or coding region of genes, ensuring a tight post-transcriptionally controlled regulation of gene expression. The development of new "omics" technologies facilitated a fresh perspective on the nutrition-to-gene relationship, incorporating more extensive data from molecular genetics, animal nutrition, and veterinary sciences. MicroRNAs might serve as important regulators of metabolic processes and may present the inter-phase between nutrition and gene regulation, controlled by the diet. The development of biomarkers holds the potential to revolutionize veterinary practice through faster disease detection, more accurate ruminant health monitoring, enhanced welfare, and increased productivity. Finally, we summarize the latest findings on how microRNAs function as biomarkers, how technological paradigms are reshaping this field of research, and how platforms are being used to identify novel biomarkers. Numerous studies have demonstrated a connection between circulating microRNAs and ruminant diseases such as mastitis, tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease, fasciolosis, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the identification and analysis of a small number of microRNAs can provide crucial information about the stage of a disease, etiology, and prognosis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wijesena HR, Nonneman DJ, Snelling WM, Rohrer GA, Keel BN, Lents CA. gBLUP-GWAS identifies candidate genes, signaling pathways, and putative functional polymorphisms for age at puberty in gilts. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad063. [PMID: 36848325 PMCID: PMC10016198 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful development of replacement gilts determines their reproductive longevity and lifetime productivity. Selection for reproductive longevity is challenging due to low heritability and expression late in life. In pigs, age at puberty is the earliest known indicator for reproductive longevity and gilts that reach puberty earlier have a greater probability of producing more lifetime litters. Failure of gilts to reach puberty and display a pubertal estrus is a major reason for early removal of replacement gilts. To identify genomic sources of variation in age at puberty for improving genetic selection for early age at puberty and related traits, gilts (n = 4,986) from a multigeneration population representing commercially available maternal genetic lines were used for a genomic best linear unbiased prediction-based genome-wide association. Twenty-one genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located on Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC) 1, 2, 9, and 14 were identified with additive effects ranging from -1.61 to 1.92 d (P < 0.0001 to 0.0671). Novel candidate genes and signaling pathways were identified for age at puberty. The locus on SSC9 (83.7 to 86.7 Mb) was characterized by long range linkage disequilibrium and harbors the AHR transcription factor gene. A second candidate gene on SSC2 (82.7 Mb), ANKRA2, is a corepressor for AHR, suggesting a possible involvement of AHR signaling in regulating pubertal onset in pigs. Putative functional SNP associated with age at puberty in the AHR and ANKRA2 genes were identified. Combined analysis of these SNP showed that an increase in the number of favorable alleles reduced pubertal age by 5.84 ± 1.65 d (P < 0.001). Candidate genes for age at puberty showed pleiotropic effects with other fertility functions such as gonadotropin secretion (FOXD1), follicular development (BMP4), pregnancy (LIF), and litter size (MEF2C). Several candidate genes and signaling pathways identified in this study play a physiological role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and mechanisms permitting puberty onset. Variants located in or near these genes require further characterization to identify their impact on pubertal onset in gilts. Because age at puberty is an indicator of future reproductive success, these SNP are expected to improve genomic predictions for component traits of sow fertility and lifetime productivity expressed later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan J Nonneman
- Genetics and Animal Breeding Research Unit, USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Warren M Snelling
- Genetics and Animal Breeding Research Unit, USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Gary A Rohrer
- Genetics and Animal Breeding Research Unit, USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Brittney N Keel
- Genetics and Animal Breeding Research Unit, USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA
| | - Clay A Lents
- LivestockBio-systems Research Unit, Clay Center, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bian S, Jiang Y, Dai Z, Wu X, Li B, Wang N, Bian W, Zhong W. Lin28b delays vasculature aging by reducing platelet-derived growth factor-beta resistance in senescent vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2023; 364:29-38. [PMID: 36529087 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Platelet-derived growth factor-β (PDGFB) is an important mediator of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and PDGFB resistance is observed in senescent VSMCs. Lin28b is a stemness regulator in the embryo; however, its role in vasculature aging and VSMC senescence is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether Lin28b could restore the VSMC response to PDGFB and delay vasculature aging. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for different weeks to establish an aging model. PDGFB resistance was observed using EdU staining in vessel culture in vitro. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization were used to detect let-7 expression. Senescence was identified by Western blotting, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity or Sudan Black B staining, and VSMC function was determined using CCK-8, migration, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Vessels from aged mice showed poor responses to PDGFB stimulation compared with those from young mice; similar results were found in senescent VSMCs. The expression levels of Lin28b and PDGF receptor-β were downregulated in aging vasculature and senescent VSMCs, whereas let-7 family levels increased with aging and VSMC passage growth. Transfection of VSMCs with let-7c induced PDGFB resistance and accelerated VSMC senescence, whereas blocking let-7c restored PDGFB reactions in VSMCs. Overexpression of Lin28b protein by lentivirus resulted in the restoration of PDGFB reactions and delayed VSMC senescence, which was blocked by a let-7c mimic. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the role of Lin28b in delaying vasculature aging by decreasing senescent VSMC PDGFB resistance mediated by let-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Bian
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhiyin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenyan Bian
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pharmacological inhibition of Lin28 promotes ketogenesis and restores lipid homeostasis in models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7940. [PMID: 36572670 PMCID: PMC9792516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lin28 RNA-binding proteins are stem-cell factors that play key roles in development. Lin28 suppresses the biogenesis of let-7 microRNAs and regulates mRNA translation. Notably, let-7 inhibits Lin28, establishing a double-negative feedback loop. The Lin28/let-7 axis resides at the interface of metabolic reprogramming and oncogenesis and is therefore a potential target for several diseases. In this study, we use compound-C1632, a drug-like Lin28 inhibitor, and show that the Lin28/let-7 axis regulates the balance between ketogenesis and lipogenesis in liver cells. Hence, Lin28 inhibition activates synthesis and secretion of ketone bodies whilst suppressing lipogenesis. This occurs at least partly via let-7-mediated inhibition of nuclear receptor co-repressor 1, which releases ketogenesis gene expression mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. In this way, small-molecule Lin28 inhibition protects against lipid accumulation in multiple cellular and male mouse models of hepatic steatosis. Overall, this study highlights Lin28 inhibitors as candidates for the treatment of hepatic disorders of abnormal lipid deposition.
Collapse
|
30
|
Suvorov A. Modalities of aging in organisms with different strategies of resource allocation. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101770. [PMID: 36330930 PMCID: PMC10435286 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the progress of aging research relies heavily on a theoretical framework, today there is no consensus on many critical questions in aging biology. I hypothesize that a systematic analysis of the intersection of different evolutionary mechanisms of aging with diverse resource allocation strategies in different organisms may reconcile aging hypotheses. The application of disposable soma, mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and life-history theory is considered across organisms with asexual reproduction, organisms with sexual reproduction and indeterminate growth in different conditions of extrinsic mortality, and organisms with determinate growth, with endotherms/homeotherms as a subgroup. This review demonstrates that different aging mechanisms are complementary to each other, and in organisms with different resource allocation strategies they form aging modalities ranging from immortality to suicidal programs. It also revamps the role of growth arrest in aging. Growth arrest evolved in many different groups of organisms as a result of resource reallocation from growth to reproduction (e.g., semelparous animals, holometabolic insects), or from growth to nutrient storage (endotherms/homeotherms). Growth arrest in different animal lineages has similar molecular mechanisms and similar consequences for longevity due to the conflict between growth-promoting and growth-suppressing programs and suppression of regenerative capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Suvorov
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 240B Goessmann, 686 Noth Pleasant Str., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pan X, Cen X, Xiong X, Zhao Z, Huang X. miR-17-92 cluster in osteoarthritis: Regulatory roles and clinical utility. Front Genet 2022; 13:982008. [PMID: 36523768 PMCID: PMC9745093 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.982008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent articular disease, especially in aged population. Caused by multi-factors (e.g., trauma, inflammation, and overloading), OA leads to pain and disability in affected joints, which decreases patients' quality of life and increases social burden. In pathophysiology, OA is mainly characterized by cartilage hypertrophy or defect, subchondral bone sclerosis, and synovitis. The homeostasis of cell-cell communication is disturbed as well in such pro-inflammatory microenvironment, which provides clues for the diagnosis and treatment of OA. MicoRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate various processes via post-transcriptional mechanisms. The miR-17-92 cluster is an miRNA polycistron encoded by the host gene called MIR17HG. Mature miRNAs generated from MIR17HG participate in biological activities such as oncogenesis, neurogenesis, and modulation of the immune system. Accumulating evidence also indicates that the expression level of miRNAs in the miR-17-92 cluster is tightly related to the pathological processes of OA, such as chondrocyte apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation, bone remodeling, and synovitis. In this review, we aim to summarize the roles of the miR-17-92 cluster in the underlying molecular mechanism during the development and progression of OA and shed light on the new avenue of the diagnosis and treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiner Xiong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kuroda Y, Oguma Y, Hall K, Dezawa M. Endogenous reparative pluripotent Muse cells with a unique immune privilege system: Hint at a new strategy for controlling acute and chronic inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027961. [PMID: 36339573 PMCID: PMC9627303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells, non-tumorigenic endogenous pluripotent stem cells, reside in the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood, and connective tissue as pluripotent surface marker SSEA-3(+) cells. They express other pluripotent markers, including Nanog, Oct3/4, and Sox2 at moderate levels, differentiate into triploblastic lineages, self-renew at a single cell level, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Cultured mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts contain several percent of SSEA-3(+)-Muse cells. Circulating Muse cells, either endogenous or administered exogenously, selectively accumulate at the damaged site by sensing sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a key mediator of inflammation, produced by damaged cells and replace apoptotic and damaged cells by spontaneously differentiating into multiple cells types that comprise the tissue and repair the tissue. Thus, intravenous injection is the main route for Muse cell treatment, and surgical operation is not necessary. Furthermore, gene introduction or cytokine induction are not required for generating pluripotent or differentiated states prior to treatment. Notably, allogenic and xenogenic Muse cells escape host immune rejection after intravenous injection and survive in the tissue as functioning cells over 6 and ∼2 months, respectively, without immunosuppressant treatment. Since Muse cells survive in the host tissue for extended periods of time, therefore their anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and trophic effects are long-lasting. These unique characteristics have led to the administration of Muse cells via intravenous drip in clinical trials for stroke, acute myocardial infarction, epidermolysis bullosa, spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome without HLA-matching or immunosuppressive treatment.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lin Z, Radaeva M, Cherkasov A, Dong X. Lin28 Regulates Cancer Cell Stemness for Tumour Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4640. [PMID: 36230562 PMCID: PMC9564245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours develop therapy resistance through complex mechanisms, one of which is that cancer stem cell (CSC) populations within the tumours present self-renewable capability and phenotypical plasticity to endure therapy-induced stress conditions and allow tumour progression to the therapy-resistant state. Developing therapeutic strategies to cope with CSCs requires a thorough understanding of the critical drivers and molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned processes. One such hub regulator of stemness is Lin28, an RNA-binding protein. Lin28 blocks the synthesis of let-7, a tumour-suppressor microRNA, and acts as a global regulator of cell differentiation and proliferation. Lin28also targets messenger RNAs and regulates protein translation. In this review, we explain the role of the Lin28/let-7 axis in establishing stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and glucose metabolism reprogramming. We also highlight the role of Lin28 in therapy-resistant prostate cancer progression and discuss the emergence of Lin28-targeted therapeutics and screening methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Food and Land Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mariia Radaeva
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Insight into the potential candidate genes and signaling pathways involved in lymphoma disease in dogs using a comprehensive whole blood transcriptome analysis. Gene 2022; 838:146735. [PMID: 35835403 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15-20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing. In this study, RNAs acquired from seven pairs of lymphoma and non-lymphoma blood samples were sequenced from different breeds of dogs. Sequencing reads were preprocessed, aligned with the reference genome, assembled and expressions were estimated through bioinformatics approaches. At a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5, a total of 625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between lymphoma and non-lymphoma samples, including 347 up-regulated DEGs such as SLC38A11, SCN3A, ZIC5 etc. and 278 down-regulated DEGs such as LOC475937, CSMD1, KRT14 etc. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were highly enriched for molecular function of ATP binding and calcium ion binding, cellular process of focal adhesion, and biological process of immune response, and defense response to virus. Similarly, KEGG pathways analysis revealed 11 significantly enriched pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ABC transporters etc. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, CDK1 was found to be a top hub gene with highest degree of connectivity. Three modules selected from the PPI network showed that canine lymphoma was highly associated with cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Overall, our findings highlighted new candidate therapeutic targets for further testing in canine lymphoma and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanism of lymphoma's progression in dogs.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang L, Jiang X, Wang G, Kanda T, Yokosuka O, Zhai C, Zhang L, Liu P, Zhao Z, Li Z. Effects of Let-7c on the processing of hepatitis B virus associated liver diseases. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 36057607 PMCID: PMC9440497 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common type of cancer of the digestive system is hepatocellular carcinoma. In China, many patients harbour HBV. The lin28B/Let-7c/MYC axis is associated with the occurrence of many cancers. Therefore, we aimed to illuminate the function of the lin28B/Let-7c/MYC axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the critical involvement of lin28B and Let-7c in the carcinogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (B-HCC). Methods Data from the GEO database were used to analyse differentially expressed genes and IRGs. A protein − protein interaction (PPI) network and Venn diagram were generated to analyse relationships. Real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and cell counting kit-8 assays were used to examine the association of lin28B, Let-7c, and MYC with cell proliferation. Results A total of 2552 functionally annotated differentially expressed RNAs were analysed in HBV patients from the GSE135860 database. In addition, 46 let-7c target genes were screened in HBV patients, and the interactions were analysed through PPI network analysis. The results confirmed that Let-7c and its target genes play a key role in HBV-related diseases. Next, we discovered a gradual decrease in Let-7c expression during the progression from HBV-associated chronic hepatitis (B-CH) and HBV-associated liver cirrhosis (B-LC) to B-HCC. We found evidence for a negative association between lin28B expression and Let-7c expression. The expression of MYC was obviously upregulated when Let-7c was inhibited. Conclusion Our results highlight that Let-7c and lin28B participate in the carcinogenesis of HBV-associated diseases through the lin28B/Let-7c/MYC axis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13027-022-00458-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Like Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Congjie Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Zengren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhongxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aberrant transcription factors in the cancers of the pancreas. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:28-45. [PMID: 36058426 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are essential for proper activation of gene set during the process of organogenesis, differentiation, lineage specificity. Reactivation or dysregulation of TFs regulatory networks could lead to deformation of organs, diseases including various malignancies. Currently, understanding the mechanism of oncogenesis became necessity for the development of targeted therapeutic strategy for different cancer types. It is evident that many TFs go awry in cancers of the pancreas such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). These mutated or dysregulated TFs abnormally controls various signaling pathways in PDAC and PanNENs including RTK, PI3K-PTEN-AKT-mTOR, JNK, TGF-β/SMAD, WNT/β-catenin, SHH, NOTCH and VEGF which in turn regulate different hallmarks of cancer. Aberrant regulation of such pathways have been linked to the initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance in pancreatic cancer. As of today, a number of TFs has been identified as crucial regulators of pancreatic cancer and a handful of them shown to have potential as therapeutic targets in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the role and therapeutic usefulness of TFs in PDAC and PanNENs.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tumor Temperature: Friend or Foe of Virus-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082024. [PMID: 36009571 PMCID: PMC9405776 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature of a solid tumor is often dissimilar to baseline body temperature and, compared to healthy tissues, may be elevated, reduced, or a mix of both. The temperature of a tumor is dependent on metabolic activity and vascularization and can change due to tumor progression, treatment, or cancer type. Despite the need to function optimally within temperature-variable tumors, oncolytic viruses (OVs) are primarily tested at 37 °C in vitro. Furthermore, animal species utilized to test oncolytic viruses, such as mice, dogs, cats, and non-human primates, poorly recapitulate the temperature profile of humans. In this review, we discuss the importance of temperature as a variable for OV immunotherapy of solid tumors. Accumulating evidence supports that the temperature sensitivity of OVs lies on a spectrum, with some OVs likely hindered but others enhanced by elevated temperatures. We suggest that in vitro temperature sensitivity screening be performed for all OVs destined for the clinic to identify potential hinderances or benefits with regard to elevated temperature. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for the clinical use of temperature and OVs.
Collapse
|
38
|
Chaudhary A, Chaurasia PK, Kushwaha S, Chauhan P, Chawade A, Mani A. Correlating multi-functional role of cold shock domain proteins with intrinsically disordered regions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:743-753. [PMID: 35987358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cold shock proteins (CSPs) are an ancient and conserved family of proteins. They are renowned for their role in response to low-temperature stress in bacteria and nucleic acid binding activities. In prokaryotes, cold and non-cold inducible CSPs are involved in various cellular and metabolic processes such as growth and development, osmotic oxidation, starvation, stress tolerance, and host cell invasion. In prokaryotes, cold shock condition reduces cell transcription and translation efficiency. Eukaryotic cold shock domain (CSD) proteins are evolved form of prokaryotic CSPs where CSD is flanked by N- and C-terminal domains. Eukaryotic CSPs are multi-functional proteins. CSPs also act as nucleic acid chaperons by preventing the formation of secondary structures in mRNA at low temperatures. In human, CSD proteins play a crucial role in the progression of breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. A well-defined three-dimensional structure of intrinsically disordered regions of CSPs family members is still undetermined. In this article, intrinsic disorder regions of CSPs have been explored systematically to understand the pleiotropic role of the cold shock family of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chaudhary
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia
- PG Department of Chemistry, L.S. College, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 842001, India
| | - Sandeep Kushwaha
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India.
| | | | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Ashutosh Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Byun WG, Lim D, Park SB. Small-molecule modulators of protein–RNA interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
40
|
Blockade on Lin28a Prevents Cognitive Impairment and Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040852. [PMID: 35453602 PMCID: PMC9029709 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lin28a is an RNA-binding protein involved in the translation and regulation of multiple mRNAs. Lin28a is overexpressed in animal models of brain injury. Similarly, our preliminary study found increased Lin28a expression levels in the animal models four to seven days after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Therefore, this current study aimed to evaluate the effects of modulating Lin28a on cognition and brain functions. Vascular dementia (VaD) was induced in 12-week-old male Wistar rats using permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), and these rats were treated with Lin28a siRNA on the fourth and seventh day after BCCAO. From the 42nd day after BCCAO, cognitive behavioral experiments were performed for two weeks. VaD induced by BCCAO resulted in cognitive impairment and microglial activation. Lin28a expression was upregulated after BCCAO. Lin28a siRNA treatment alleviated cognitive impairment and overexpression of GFAP and Iba-1 in the brain. Furthermore, the treatment ameliorated the VaD-induced damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) components, including PECAM-1, PDGFRβ, occludin, claudin-9, and ZO-1. CCR6 activation after VaD, associated with BBB disruption, was diminished by treatment with Lin28a siRNA. The treatment inhibited VaD-induced microglial activity and alleviated BBB damage. Thus, blocking Lin28a may alleviate cognitive impairment caused by VaD.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu K, Ahmad T, Eri R. LIN28A: A multifunctional versatile molecule with future therapeutic potential. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13:35-46. [PMID: 35432768 PMCID: PMC8966501 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An RNA-binding protein, LIN28A was initially discovered in nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and regulated stem cell differentiation and proliferation. With the aid of mouse models and cancer stem cells models, LIN28A demonstrated a similar role in mammalian stem cells. Subsequent studies revealed LIN28A’s roles in regulating cell cycle and growth, tissue repair, and metabolism, especially glucose metabolism. Through regulation by pluripotency and neurotrophic factors, LIN28A performs these roles through let-7 dependent (binding to let-7) or independent (binding directly to mature mRNA) pathways. Elevated LIN28A levels are associated with cancers such as breast, colon, and ovarian cancers. Overexpressed LIN28A has been implicated in liver diseases and Rett syndrome whereas loss of LIN28A was linked to Parkinson’s disease. LIN28A inhibitors, LIN28A-specific nanobodies, and deubiquitinases targeting LIN28A could be feasible options for cancer treatments while drugs upregulating LIN28A could be used in regenerative therapy for neuropathies. We will review the upstream and downstream signalling pathways of LIN28A and its physiological functions. Then, we will examine current research and gaps in research regarding its mechanisms in conditions such as cancers, liver diseases, and neurological diseases. We will also look at the therapeutic potential of LIN28A in RNA-targeted therapies including small interfering RNAs and RNA-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moon HJ, Lee NY, Do EK, Lee SY, Park GT, Lim JK, Seo JK, Kim JH. Kap1 Regulates the Stability of Lin28A in Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:385-396. [PMID: 35262736 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Lin28A is an RNA-binding protein that controls mammalian development and maintenance of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) via regulating the processing of the microRNA let-7. Lin28A is highly expressed in ESCs, and ectopic expression of this protein facilitates reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the post-translational regulation of Lin28A protein stability in ESCs remain unclear. In the present study, we identified Kap1 (KRAB-associated protein 1) as a novel Lin28A-binding protein using affinity purification and mass spectrometry. Kap1 specifically interacted with the N-terminal region of Lin28A through its coiled-coil domain. Kap1 overexpression significantly attenuated Lin28A ubiquitination and increased its stability. However, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Kap1 promoted the ubiquitination of Lin28A, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Trim71, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, induced Lin28A degradation and Kap1 knockdown accelerated the Trim71-dependent degradation of Lin28A. Mutation of the lysine 177 residue of Lin28A to arginine abrogated the ubiquitination and degradation of Lin28A which were accelerated by Kap1 silencing. Moreover, Kap1 overexpression led to the accumulation of Lin28A in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus, and reduced the levels of let-7 subtypes. These results suggest that Kap1 plays a key role in regulation of the stability of Lin28A by modulating the Trim71-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Lin28A, thus playing a pivotal role in the regulation of ESC self-renewal and pluripotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji Moon
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Do
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yul Lee
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyong Lim
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sumoylation in Physiology, Pathology and Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050814. [PMID: 35269436 PMCID: PMC8909597 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is an essential post-translational modification that has evolved to regulate intricate networks within emerging complexities of eukaryotic cells. Thousands of target substrates are modified by SUMO peptides, leading to changes in protein function, stability or localization, often by modulating interactions. At the cellular level, sumoylation functions as a key regulator of transcription, nuclear integrity, proliferation, senescence, lineage commitment and stemness. A growing number of prokaryotic and viral proteins are also emerging as prime sumoylation targets, highlighting the role of this modification during infection and in immune processes. Sumoylation also oversees epigenetic processes. Accordingly, at the physiological level, it acts as a crucial regulator of development. Yet, perhaps the most prominent function of sumoylation, from mammals to plants, is its role in orchestrating organismal responses to environmental stresses ranging from hypoxia to nutrient stress. Consequently, a growing list of pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegeneration, have now been unambiguously associated with either aberrant sumoylation of specific proteins and/or dysregulated global cellular sumoylation. Therapeutic enforcement of sumoylation can also accomplish remarkable clinical responses in various diseases, notably acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In this review, we will discuss how this modification is emerging as a novel drug target, highlighting from the perspective of translational medicine, its potential and limitations.
Collapse
|
44
|
Pang Y, Lin W, Zhan L, Zhang J, Zhang S, Jin H, Zhang H, Wang X, Li X. Inhibiting Autophagy Pathway of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Promotes Apoptosis in SK-N-SH Cell Model of Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:6069682. [PMID: 35178230 PMCID: PMC8846974 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6069682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementia disease characterized by chronic progressive neurodegeneration. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease is on the rise as the population ages at an accelerating pace. According to epidemiological data, by 2050, the number of Alzheimer's patients in the United States will be three times higher than that in 2010, and a similar trend is occurring in China. To explore the effect and mechanism of let-7b by detecting the expression level of let-7b in Alzheimer's disease, fifty patients with Alzheimer's disease and thirty healthy controls were selected. The expression levels of let-7 families (let-7a, let-7b, let-7c, let-7d, let-7e, let-7f, let-7g, and let-7i) were detected by qPCR. Human neuroblastoma cell SK-N-SH were divided into control group (untreated), model group (treated with Aβ1-40), Aβ1-40+let-7b mimic group (treated with Aβ1-40 and transfected with let-7b mimic), and Aβ1-40+miR-NC group (treated with aβ1-40 and transfected with miR-NC). let-7b expression and cell survival rate were detected by qPCR and CCK-8, and the levels of caspase 3, LC3, beclin-1, PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were detected by Western blot. let-7b was significantly different between the case group and the control group (p < 0.001). CCK-8 showed a significant decrease in cell viability in Aβ1-40 treatment group compared with that in the control group (p < 0.01). Overexpression of let-7b significantly reduced the survival rate of the cells, and the expression of LC3II/LC3I and beclin-1 in the cells was significantly reduced by aβ1-40 treatment (p < 0.001). let-7b overexpression also inhibited autophagy via reducing the level of LC3II/LC3I and beclin-1 (p < 0.001). Aβ1-40 treatment and let-7b overexpression promoted apoptosis by increasing the expression of cleavage caspase 3. Western blot indicated that Aβ1-40 treatment and let-7b overexpression could increase the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR. let-7b overexpression could inhibit autophagy and promote apoptosis in Alzheimer's cells by promoting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Wennan Lin
- General Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Lan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Shicun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huang Q, Niu Y, Song L, Huang J, Wang C, Ma T. Does LIN28B gene dysregulation make women more likely to abort? REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 2:211-220. [PMID: 35118391 PMCID: PMC8801024 DOI: 10.1530/raf-21-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LIN28B plays an important role in early embryonic development, but its role in villous trophoblast implantation and differentiation remains unknown. This study aims to verify the role of LIN28B in trophoblastic villous tissue and cells from women with URSA (unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion) and artificial termination of pregnancy (negative control, NC). Methods The LIN28B gene and its protein expression level were detected with real-time quantitative PCR, Western immunoblotting analysis, and immunocytochemistry. The gene was also overexpressed in chorionic villous cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo) to examine its effect on trophoblast function. Results The expression of LIN28B mRNA and protein of URSA villi was lower than that in the NC group. At the cellular level, overexpression of LIN28B enhanced cellular migration, and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis. LIN28B may inhibit apoptosis by promoting Akt phosphorylation and by inhibiting Bad phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression. In addition, LIN28B inhibited cell fusion and reduced cellular syncytia. Conclusions LIN28B can inhibit cell invasion and migration in vitro and promote apoptosis and fusion. The low expression of LIN28B in URSA villous trophoblast cells may be one of the causes of abortion. The role of LIN28B in villous trophoblasts needs further study. Lay summary Propagation of offspring is of great significance to the continuation of the human race. However, continuous pregnancy is more difficult for some women, especially women who have multiple miscarriages. One important contributor is the cessation of development caused by genetic factors of the embryo, but there are still many unknown reasons. We investigated the LIN28B gene which is a possible pathogenic factor in the placenta. We collected 25 cases of abortion in the experimental group (unexplained recurrent abortion group) and 25 in the control group (artificial termination of pregnancy group): on average at 7–8 weeks of pregnancy. We tested the function of lin28b in these samples and verified its function in cell lines. LIN28B plays an important role in maintaining early pregnancy by promoting the invasion of villous cells, inhibiting apoptosis and fusion, and the reduction of LIN28B expression may lead to the occurrence of early miscarriage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- QiaoYao Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - YanRu Niu
- Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Orthopaedics. Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - LiJun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - JinZhi Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - TianZhong Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pérez-García A, Torrecilla-Parra M, Fernández-de Frutos M, Martín-Martín Y, Pardo-Marqués V, Ramírez CM. Posttranscriptional Regulation of Insulin Resistance: Implications for Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020208. [PMID: 35204710 PMCID: PMC8961590 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance defines an impairment in the biologic response to insulin action in target tissues, primarily the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and brain. Insulin resistance affects physiology in many ways, causing hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, visceral adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and endothelial dysfunction, and its persistence leads to the development metabolic disease, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to classical transcriptional factors, posttranscriptional control of gene expression exerted by microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins constitutes a new level of regulation with important implications in metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we describe miRNAs and RBPs that control key genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway and related regulatory networks, and their impact on human metabolic diseases at the molecular level, as well as their potential use for diagnosis and future therapeutics.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yu NK, McClatchy DB, Diedrich JK, Romero S, Choi JH, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Delahunty CM, Muotri AR, Yates JR. Interactome analysis illustrates diverse gene regulatory processes associated with LIN28A in human iPS cell-derived neural progenitor cells. iScience 2021; 24:103321. [PMID: 34816099 PMCID: PMC8593586 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A single protein can be multifaceted depending on the cellular contexts and interacting molecules. LIN28A is an RNA-binding protein that governs developmental timing, cellular proliferation, differentiation, stem cell pluripotency, and metabolism. In addition to its best-known roles in microRNA biogenesis, diverse molecular roles have been recognized. In the nervous system, LIN28A is known to play critical roles in proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We profiled the endogenous LIN28A-interacting proteins in NPCs differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We identified over 500 LIN28A-interacting proteins, including 156 RNA-independent interactors. Functions of these proteins span a wide range of gene regulatory processes. Prompted by the interactome data, we revealed that LIN28A may impact the subcellular distribution of its interactors and stress granule formation upon oxidative stress. Overall, our analysis opens multiple avenues for elaborating molecular roles and characteristics of LIN28A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyung Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel B. McClatchy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K. Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sarah Romero
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jun-Hyeok Choi
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Claire M. Delahunty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Stem Cell Program, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Archealization Center (ArchC), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yazarlou F, Kadkhoda S, Ghafouri-Fard S. Emerging role of let-7 family in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112334. [PMID: 34656064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7 includes a family of miRNA which are implicated in the developmental processes as well as carcinogenesis. This miRNA family has been shown to influence pathogenesis of a variety of hematological malignancies through changing expression of a number of oncogenic pathways, particularly those related with MYC. Expression of these miRNAs has been found to be different between distinct hematological malignancies or even between cytogenetically-defined subgroups of a certain malignancy. In the current review, we summarize the data regarding biogenesis, genomic locations, targets and regulatory network of this miRNA family in the context of hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yazarlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Su C, Zheng X, He Y, Long L, Chen W. Transcriptomic profiling and functional prediction reveal aberrant expression of circular RNAs during osteogenic differentiation in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19881. [PMID: 34615899 PMCID: PMC8494929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial elements of non-coding RNA, that regulate various biological processes. To date, expression patterns and functional roles of circRNAs during osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed RNA-sequence data to reveal expression profiles of circRNAs during osteogenesis of hUCMSCs, then elucidated the underlying mechanisms of action. We identified a total of 5457 circRNAs in hUCMSCs, of which 34 and 33 were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. We applied Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to determine functions and related pathways of differentially expressed circRNAs. Moreover, we applied bioinformatics tools to construct competing endogenous RNA networks, comprising 10 circRNAs, 46 micro RNAs and 413 mRNAs. Furthermore, we predicted protein-coding potential of the upregulated circRNAs then constructed a co-expression network comprising the top 5 upregulated circRNAs and 75 RNA-binding proteins. Next, we validated 6 differentially-expressed circRNAs and found that overexpressing circ-CTTN could promote osteogenesis of hUCMSCs. Overall, our findings indicate that clusters of circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in hUCMSCs during osteogenic differentiation, hence lay a foundation for future research into promoting hUCMSCs osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yanjin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Li Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Attali-Padael Y, Armon L, Urbach A. Apoptosis induction by the stem cell factor LIN28A. Biol Cell 2021; 113:450-457. [PMID: 34437724 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Lin28A and its paralog Lin28B are RNA binding proteins expressed in stem and progenitor cells, regulating the balance between their proliferation and differentiation. In-vivo and in-vitro experiments have shown that overexpression of these genes leads to abnormal cell proliferation, which results in many cases in cell transformation and tumor formation. RESULTS Here we show, for the first time, that Lin28A overexpression can also lead to the opposite effect, i.e. apoptosis induction. We further demonstrate that this effect is specific to Lin28A but not to Lin28B and that it is mediated via the Let-7 independent pathway in a complex mechanism that involves at least several proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE This unexpected observation suggests that cell fate regulation by Lin28 is dependent on a specific cellular/genetic context. Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this Lin28A overexpression effect may pave the way for novel tumor therapeutic strategies, as Lin28 is commonly expressed in many types of tumors but not in most normal adult cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Attali-Padael
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|