1
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Perales IE, Jones SD, Piaszynski KM, Geyer PK. Developmental changes in nuclear lamina components during germ cell differentiation. Nucleus 2024; 15:2339214. [PMID: 38597409 PMCID: PMC11008544 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2339214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina (NL) changes composition for regulation of nuclear events. We investigated changes that occur in Drosophila oogenesis, revealing switches in NL composition during germ cell differentiation. Germline stem cells (GSCs) express only LamB and predominantly emerin, whereas differentiating nurse cells predominantly express LamC and emerin2. A change in LamC-specific localization also occurs, wherein phosphorylated LamC redistributes to the nuclear interior only in the oocyte, prior to transcriptional reactivation of the meiotic genome. These changes support existing concepts that LamC promotes differentiation, a premise that was tested. Remarkably ectopic LamC production in GSCs did not promote premature differentiation. Increased LamC levels in differentiating germ cells altered internal nuclear structure, increased RNA production, and reduced female fertility due to defects in eggshell formation. These studies suggest differences between Drosophila lamins are regulatory, not functional, and reveal an unexpected robustness to level changes of a major scaffolding component of the NL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella E. Perales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel D. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Pamela K. Geyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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2
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En A, Bogireddi H, Thomas B, Stutzman AV, Ikegami S, LaForest B, Almakki O, Pytel P, Moskowitz IP, Ikegami K. Pervasive nuclear envelope ruptures precede ECM signaling and disease onset without activating cGAS-STING in Lamin-cardiomyopathy mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114284. [PMID: 38814785 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelope (NE) ruptures are emerging observations in Lamin-related dilated cardiomyopathy, an adult-onset disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in Lamin A/C, a nuclear lamina component. Here, we test a prevailing hypothesis that NE ruptures trigger the pathological cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway using a mouse model of Lamin cardiomyopathy. The reduction of Lamin A/C in cardio-myocyte of adult mice causes pervasive NE ruptures in cardiomyocytes, preceding inflammatory transcription, fibrosis, and fatal dilated cardiomyopathy. NE ruptures are followed by DNA damage accumulation without causing immediate cardiomyocyte death. However, cGAS-STING-dependent inflammatory signaling remains inactive. Deleting cGas or Sting does not rescue cardiomyopathy in the mouse model. The lack of cGAS-STING activation is likely due to the near absence of cGAS expression in adult cardiomyocytes at baseline. Instead, extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling is activated and predicted to initiate pro-inflammatory communication from Lamin-reduced cardiomyocytes to fibroblasts. Our work nominates ECM signaling, not cGAS-STING, as a potential inflammatory contributor in Lamin cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki En
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Hanumakumar Bogireddi
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Briana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alexis V Stutzman
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sachie Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brigitte LaForest
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Omar Almakki
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peter Pytel
- Department of Pathology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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3
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Storey EC, Holt I, Brown S, Synowsky S, Shirran S, Fuller HR. Proteomic characterization of human LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy muscle cells. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 38:26-41. [PMID: 38554696 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding lamin A/C. To further understand the molecular mechanisms of L-CMD, proteomic profiling using DIA mass spectrometry was conducted on immortalized myoblasts and myotubes from controls and L-CMD donors each harbouring a different LMNA mutation (R249W, del.32 K and L380S). Compared to controls, 124 and 228 differentially abundant proteins were detected in L-CMD myoblasts and myotubes, respectively, and were associated with enriched canonical pathways including synaptogenesis and necroptosis in myoblasts, and Huntington's disease and insulin secretion in myotubes. Abnormal nuclear morphology and reduced lamin A/C and emerin abundance was evident in all L-CMD cell lines compared to controls, while nucleoplasmic aggregation of lamin A/C was restricted to del.32 K cells, and mislocalization of emerin was restricted to R249W cells. Abnormal nuclear morphology indicates loss of nuclear lamina integrity as a common feature of L-CMD, likely rendering muscle cells vulnerable to mechanically induced stress, while differences between L-CMD cell lines in emerin and lamin A localization suggests that some molecular alterations in L-CMD are mutation specific. Nonetheless, identifying common proteomic alterations and molecular pathways across all three L-CMD lines has highlighted potential targets for the development of non-mutation specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Storey
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK; The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ian Holt
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK; The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sharon Brown
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK; The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Silvia Synowsky
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sally Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK; The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK.
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4
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En A, Bogireddi H, Thomas B, Stutzman A, Ikegami S, LaForest B, Almakki O, Pytel P, Moskowitz IP, Ikegami K. Pervasive nuclear envelope ruptures precede ECM signaling and disease onset without activating cGAS-STING in Lamin-cardiomyopathy mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.28.555134. [PMID: 37693381 PMCID: PMC10491116 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear envelope (NE) ruptures are emerging observations in Lamin-related dilated cardiomyopathy, an adult-onset disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in Lamin A/C, a nuclear lamina component. Here, we tested a prevailing hypothesis that NE ruptures trigger pathological cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, using a mouse model of Lamin-cardiomyopathy. Reduction of Lamin A/C in cardiomyocytes of adult mice caused pervasive NE ruptures in cardiomyocytes, preceding inflammatory transcription, fibrosis, and fatal dilated cardiomyopathy. NE ruptures were followed by DNA damage accumulation without causing immediate cardiomyocyte death. However, cGAS-STING-dependent inflammatory signaling remained inactive. Deleting cGas or Sting did not rescue cardiomyopathy. The lack of cGAS-STING activation was likely due to the near absence of cGAS expression in adult cardiomyocytes at baseline. Instead, extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling was activated and predicted to initiate pro-inflammatory communication from Lamin-reduced cardiomyocytes to fibroblasts. Our work nominates ECM signaling, not cGAS-STING, as a potential inflammatory contributor in Lamin-cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki En
- Division of Molecular Cardvascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hanumakumar Bogireddi
- Division of Molecular Cardvascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Briana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Cardvascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexis Stutzman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachie Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brigitte LaForest
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omar Almakki
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Pytel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular Cardvascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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5
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Byfield FJ, Eftekhari B, Kaymak-Loveless K, Mandal K, Li D, Wells RG, Chen W, Brujic J, Bergamaschi G, Wuite GJL, Patteson AE, Janmey PA. Metabolically intact nuclei are fluidized by the activity of the chromatin remodeling motor BRG1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.589275. [PMID: 38659735 PMCID: PMC11042217 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of the cell nucleus regulate nearly every facet of the cell. Changes in nuclear shape limit cell motility and gene expression. Although the nucleus is generally seen as the stiffest organelle in the cell, cells can nevertheless deform the nucleus to large strains by small mechanical stresses. Here, we show that the mechanical response of the cell nucleus exhibits active fluidization that is driven by the BRG 1 motor of the SWI/SNF/BAF chromatin-remodeling complex. Atomic force microscopy measurements show that the nucleus alters stiffness in response to the cell substrate stiffness, which is retained after the nucleus is isolated and that the work of nuclear compression is mostly dissipated rather than elastically stored. Inhibiting BRG 1 stiffens the nucleus and eliminates dissipation and nuclear remodeling both in isolated nuclei and in intact cells. These findings demonstrate a novel link between nuclear motor activity and global nuclear mechanics.
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6
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Nuclear Envelope Proteins in Neurologic Disorders? Neurology 2024; 102:e209202. [PMID: 38330281 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
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7
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Newman D, Young LE, Waring T, Brown L, Wolanska KI, MacDonald E, Charles-Orszag A, Goult BT, Caswell PT, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Machesky LM, Morgan MR, Zech T. 3D matrix adhesion feedback controls nuclear force coupling to drive invasive cell migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113554. [PMID: 38100355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is a multi-step process, initiated by the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and the ability to move through complex 3D extracellular environments. We determine the composition of cell-matrix adhesion complexes of invasive breast cancer cells in 3D matrices and identify an interaction complex required for invasive migration. βPix and myosin18A (Myo18A) drive polarized recruitment of non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) to adhesion complexes at the tips of protrusions. Actomyosin force engagement then displaces the Git1-βPix complex from paxillin, establishing a feedback loop for adhesion maturation. We observe active force transmission to the nucleus during invasive migration that is needed to pull the nucleus forward. The recruitment of NM2A to adhesions creates a non-muscle myosin isoform gradient, which extends from the protrusion to the nucleus. We postulate that this gradient facilitates coupling of cell-matrix interactions at the protrusive cell front with nuclear movement, enabling effective invasive migration and front-rear cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Newman
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorna E Young
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Brown
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna I Wolanska
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ewan MacDonald
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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8
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Wallace M, Fedorchak GR, Agrawal R, Gilbert RM, Patel J, Park S, Paszek M, Lammerding J. The lamin A/C Ig-fold undergoes cell density-dependent changes that alter epitope binding. Nucleus 2023; 14:2180206. [PMID: 36809122 PMCID: PMC9980629 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2180206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins A/C are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are involved in diverse cellular mechanical and biochemical functions. Here, we report that recognition of Lamins A/C by a commonly used antibody (JOL-2) that binds the Lamin A/C Ig-fold and other antibodies targeting similar epitopes is highly dependent on cell density, even though Lamin A/Clevels do not change. We propose that the effect is caused by partial unfolding or masking of the C'E and/or EF loops of the Ig-fold in response to cell spreading. Surprisingly, JOL-2 antibody labeling was insensitive to disruption of cytoskeletal filaments or the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Furthermore, neither nuclear stiffness nor nucleo-cytoskeletal force transmission changed with cell density. These findings are important for the interpretation of immunofluorescence data for Lamin A/C and also raise the intriguing prospect that the conformational changes may play a role in Lamin A/C mediated cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallace
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory R. Fedorchak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richa Agrawal
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rachel M. Gilbert
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jineet Patel
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Paszek
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA,CONTACT Jan Lammerding Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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9
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Penfield L, Montell DJ. Nuclear lamin facilitates collective border cell invasion into confined spaces in vivo. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202212101. [PMID: 37695420 PMCID: PMC10494525 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202212101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells migrate collectively through confined environments during development and cancer metastasis. The nucleus, a stiff organelle, impedes single cells from squeezing into narrow channels within artificial environments. However, how nuclei affect collective migration into compact tissues is unknown. Here, we use border cells in the fly ovary to study nuclear dynamics in collective, confined in vivo migration. Border cells delaminate from the follicular epithelium and squeeze into tiny spaces between cells called nurse cells. The lead cell nucleus transiently deforms within the lead cell protrusion, which then widens. The nuclei of follower cells deform less. Depletion of the Drosophila B-type lamin, Lam, compromises nuclear integrity, hinders expansion of leading protrusions, and impedes border cell movement. In wildtype, cortical myosin II accumulates behind the nucleus and pushes it into the protrusion, whereas in Lam-depleted cells, myosin accumulates but does not move the nucleus. These data suggest that the nucleus stabilizes lead cell protrusions, helping to wedge open spaces between nurse cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Penfield
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Denise J. Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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10
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Lee GE, Byun J, Lee CJ, Cho YY. Molecular Mechanisms for the Regulation of Nuclear Membrane Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15497. [PMID: 37895175 PMCID: PMC10607757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear membrane serves a critical role in protecting the contents of the nucleus and facilitating material and signal exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm. While extensive research has been dedicated to topics such as nuclear membrane assembly and disassembly during cell division, as well as interactions between nuclear transmembrane proteins and both nucleoskeletal and cytoskeletal components, there has been comparatively less emphasis on exploring the regulation of nuclear morphology through nuclear membrane integrity. In particular, the role of type II integral proteins, which also function as transcription factors, within the nuclear membrane remains an area of research that is yet to be fully explored. The integrity of the nuclear membrane is pivotal not only during cell division but also in the regulation of gene expression and the communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Importantly, it plays a significant role in the development of various diseases. This review paper seeks to illuminate the biomolecules responsible for maintaining the integrity of the nuclear membrane. It will delve into the mechanisms that influence nuclear membrane integrity and provide insights into the role of type II membrane protein transcription factors in this context. Understanding these aspects is of utmost importance, as it can offer valuable insights into the intricate processes governing nuclear membrane integrity. Such insights have broad-reaching implications for cellular function and our understanding of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Eun Lee
- BK21-4th, and BRL, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-E.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiin Byun
- BK21-4th, and BRL, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-E.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21-4th, and BRL, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (G.-E.L.); (J.B.)
- RCD Control and Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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11
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Wallace M, Zahr H, Perati S, Morsink CD, Johnson LE, Gacita AM, Lai S, Wallrath LL, Benjamin IJ, McNally EM, Kirby TJ, Lammerding J. Nuclear damage in LMNA mutant iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is associated with impaired lamin localization to the nuclear envelope. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:mbcE21100527. [PMID: 37585285 PMCID: PMC10846625 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes the nuclear envelope proteins Lamins A and C, which comprise a major part of the nuclear lamina, provide mechanical support to the nucleus, and participate in diverse intracellular signaling. LMNA mutations give rise to a collection of diseases called laminopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy (LMNA-DCM) and muscular dystrophies. Although nuclear deformities are a hallmark of LMNA-DCM, the role of nuclear abnormalities in the pathogenesis of LMNA-DCM remains incompletely understood. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from LMNA mutant patients and healthy controls, we show that LMNA mutant iPSC-CM nuclei have altered shape or increased size compared to healthy control iPSC-CM nuclei. The LMNA mutation exhibiting the most severe nuclear deformities, R249Q, additionally caused reduced nuclear stiffness and increased nuclear fragility. Importantly, for all cell lines, the degree of nuclear abnormalities corresponded to the degree of Lamin A/C and Lamin B1 mislocalization from the nuclear envelope. The mislocalization was likely due to altered assembly of Lamin A/C. Collectively, these results point to the importance of correct lamin assembly at the nuclear envelope in providing mechanical stability to the nucleus and suggest that defects in nuclear lamina organization may contribute to the nuclear and cellular dysfunction in LMNA-DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wallace
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Hind Zahr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Shriya Perati
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Chloé D. Morsink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anthony M. Gacita
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Tyler J. Kirby
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853
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12
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Gregory EF, Kalra S, Brock T, Bonne G, Luxton GWG, Hopkins C, Starr DA. Caenorhabditis elegans models for striated muscle disorders caused by missense variants of human LMNA. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010895. [PMID: 37624850 PMCID: PMC10484454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle laminopathies caused by missense mutations in the nuclear lamin gene LMNA are characterized by cardiac dysfunction and often skeletal muscle defects. Attempts to predict which LMNA variants are pathogenic and to understand their physiological effects lag behind variant discovery. We created Caenorhabditis elegans models for striated muscle laminopathies by introducing pathogenic human LMNA variants and variants of unknown significance at conserved residues within the lmn-1 gene. Severe missense variants reduced fertility and/or motility in C. elegans. Nuclear morphology defects were evident in the hypodermal nuclei of many lamin variant strains, indicating a loss of nuclear envelope integrity. Phenotypic severity varied within the two classes of missense mutations involved in striated muscle disease, but overall, variants associated with both skeletal and cardiac muscle defects in humans lead to more severe phenotypes in our model than variants predicted to disrupt cardiac function alone. We also identified a separation of function allele, lmn-1(R204W), that exhibited normal viability and swimming behavior but had a severe nuclear migration defect. Thus, we established C. elegans avatars for striated muscle laminopathies and identified LMNA variants that offer insight into lamin mechanisms during normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F. Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Shilpi Kalra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Trisha Brock
- InVivo Biosystems, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - G. W. Gant Luxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel A. Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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13
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Liu C, Rex R, Lung Z, Wang JS, Wu F, Kim HJ, Zhang L, Sohn LL, Dernburg AF. A cooperative network at the nuclear envelope counteracts LINC-mediated forces during oogenesis in C. elegans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabn5709. [PMID: 37436986 PMCID: PMC10337908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Oogenesis involves transduction of mechanical forces from the cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope (NE). In Caenorhabditis elegans, oocyte nuclei lacking the single lamin protein LMN-1 are vulnerable to collapse under forces mediated through LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complexes. Here, we use cytological analysis and in vivo imaging to investigate the balance of forces that drive this collapse and protect oocyte nuclei. We also use a mechano-node-pore sensing device to directly measure the effect of genetic mutations on oocyte nuclear stiffness. We find that nuclear collapse is not a consequence of apoptosis. It is promoted by dynein, which induces polarization of a LINC complex composed of Sad1 and UNC-84 homology 1 (SUN-1) and ZYGote defective 12 (ZYG-12). Lamins contribute to oocyte nuclear stiffness and cooperate with other inner nuclear membrane proteins to distribute LINC complexes and protect nuclei from collapse. We speculate that a similar network may protect oocyte integrity during extended oocyte arrest in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Liu
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Rachel Rex
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zoe Lung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - John S. Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Fan Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Lydia L. Sohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Abby F. Dernburg
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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14
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Jiang Y, Zhang JX, Liu R. Systematic comparison of differential expression networks in MTB mono-, HIV mono- and MTB/HIV co-infections for drug repurposing. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010744. [PMID: 36534703 PMCID: PMC9810203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) could accelerate the deterioration of immunological functions. Previous studies have explored the pathogenic mechanisms of HIV mono-infection (HMI), MTB mono-infection (MMI) and MTB/HIV co-infection (MHCI), but their similarities and specificities remain to be profoundly investigated. We thus designed a computational framework named IDEN to identify gene pairs related to these states, which were then compared from different perspectives. MMI-related genes showed the highest enrichment level on a greater number of chromosomes. Genes shared by more states tended to be more evolutionarily conserved, posttranslationally modified and topologically important. At the expression level, HMI-specific gene pairs yielded higher correlations, while the overlapping pairs involved in MHCI had significantly lower correlations. The correlation changes of common gene pairs showed that MHCI shared more similarities with MMI. Moreover, MMI- and MHCI-related genes were enriched in more identical pathways and biological processes, further illustrating that MTB may play a dominant role in co-infection. Hub genes specific to each state could promote pathogen infections, while those shared by two states could enhance immune responses. Finally, we improved the network proximity measure for drug repurposing by considering the importance of gene pairs, and approximately ten drug candidates were identified for each disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Goult BT, von Essen M, Hytönen VP. The mechanical cell - the role of force dependencies in synchronising protein interaction networks. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:283155. [PMID: 36398718 PMCID: PMC9845749 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mechanical signals in the proper functioning of organisms is increasingly recognised, and every cell senses physical forces and responds to them. These forces are generated both from outside the cell or via the sophisticated force-generation machinery of the cell, the cytoskeleton. All regions of the cell are connected via mechanical linkages, enabling the whole cell to function as a mechanical system. In this Review, we define some of the key concepts of how this machinery functions, highlighting the critical requirement for mechanosensory proteins, and conceptualise the coupling of mechanical linkages to mechanochemical switches that enables forces to be converted into biological signals. These mechanical couplings provide a mechanism for how mechanical crosstalk might coordinate the entire cell, its neighbours, extending into whole collections of cells, in tissues and in organs, and ultimately in the coordination and operation of entire organisms. Consequently, many diseases manifest through defects in this machinery, which we map onto schematics of the mechanical linkages within a cell. This mapping approach paves the way for the identification of additional linkages between mechanosignalling pathways and so might identify treatments for diseases, where mechanical connections are affected by mutations or where individual force-regulated components are defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Magdaléna von Essen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33100 Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland,Authors for correspondence (; )
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16
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Lestrell E, Chen Y, Aslanoglou S, O'Brien CM, Elnathan R, Voelcker NH. Silicon Nanoneedle-Induced Nuclear Deformation: Implications for Human Somatic and Stem Cell Nuclear Mechanics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45124-45136. [PMID: 36173149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell nuclear size and shape are strictly regulated, with aberrations often leading to or being indicative of disease. Nuclear mechanics are critically responsible for intracellular responses to extracellular cues, such as the nanotopography of the external environment. Silicon nanoneedle (SiNN) arrays are tunable, engineered cell culture substrates that permit precise, nanoscale modifications to a cell's external environment to probe mechanotransduction and intracellular signaling. We use a library of four different SiNN arrays to investigate the immediate and downstream effects of controlled geometries of nanotopographical cues on the nuclear integrity/dynamics of human immortalized somatic and renewing stem cell types. We quantify the significant, albeit different, nuclear shape changes that both cell types undergo, which suggest that cellular responses to SiNN arrays are more comparable to three-dimensional (3D) environments than traditional flat cultureware. We show that nanotopography-induced effects on nuclear envelope integrity, protein localization, and focal adhesion complex formation are cell-dependent. Migration is shown to be dramatically impeded for human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) on nanotopographies compared to flat substrates but not for somatic cells. Our results indicate an additional layer of complexity in cellular mechanotransduction, which warrants closer attention in the context of engineered substrates and scaffolds for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lestrell
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yaping Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Stella Aslanoglou
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Carmel M O'Brien
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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17
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Fujiwara K, Yamamoto R, Kubota T, Tazumi A, Sabuta T, Takahashi MP, Sakurai H. Mature Myotubes Generated From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Forced Gene Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886879. [PMID: 35706901 PMCID: PMC9189389 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising tool for disease modeling and drug screening. To apply them to skeletal muscle disorders, it is necessary to establish mature myotubes because the onset of many skeletal muscle disorders is after birth. However, to make mature myotubes, the forced expression of specific genes should be avoided, as otherwise dysregulation of the intracellular networks may occur. Here, we achieved this goal by purifying hiPSC-derived muscle stem cells (iMuSC) by Pax7-fluorescence monitoring and antibody sorting. The resulting myotubes displayed spontaneous self-contraction, aligned sarcomeres, and a triad structure. Notably, the phenotype of sodium channels was changed to the mature type in the course of the differentiation, and a characteristic current pattern was observed. Moreover, the protocol resulted in highly efficient differentiation and high homogeneity and is applicable to drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Fujiwara
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Yamamoto
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kubota
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Tazumi
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Sabuta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Chen J, Ma Y, Li H, Lin Z, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Wang F, Lin Y, Ye Z, Lin Y. Rare and potential pathogenic mutations of LMNA and LAMA4 associated with familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia with right ventricular heart failure, cerebral thromboembolism and hereditary electrocardiogram abnormality. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:183. [PMID: 35526016 PMCID: PMC9077868 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is associated with ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure (HF), and sudden death. Thromboembolism is also an important and serious complication of ARVC/D. However, the etiology of ARVC/D and thromboembolism and their association with genetic mutations are unclear. Methods Genomic DNA samples of peripheral blood were conducted for whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing in the ARVC/D family. Then, we performed bioinformatics analysis for genes susceptible to cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Further, we analyzed how the potential pathogenic mutations were affecting the hydrophobicity and phosphorylation of amino acids and their joint pathogenicity by ProtScale, NetPhos and ORVAL algorisms. Results We discovered a Chinese Han family of ARVC/D with right ventricular HF (RVHF), cerebral thromboembolism, arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, atrial standstill, multifocal ventricular premature, complete right bundle block and third-degree atrioventricular block) and sudden death. Based on the WES data, the variants of LMNA p.A242V, LAMA4 p.A225P and RYR2 p.T858M are highly conserved and predicated as “deleterious” by SIFT and MetaSVM algorithms. Their CADD predicting scores are 33, 27.4 and 25.8, respectively. These variants increase the hydrophobicity of their corresponding amino acid residues and their nearby sequences by 0.378, 0.266 and 0.289, respectively. The LAMA4 and RYR2 variants lead to changes in protein phosphorylation at or near their corresponding amino acid sites. There were high risks of joint pathogenicity for cardiomyopathy among these three variants. Cosegregation analysis indicated that LMNA p.A242V might be an important risk factor for ARVC/D, electrocardiogram abnormality and cerebral thromboembolism, while LAMA4 p.A225P may be a pathogenic etiology of ARVC/D and hereditary electrocardiogram abnormality. Conclusions The LMNA p.A242V may participate in the pathogenesis of familial ARVC/D with RVHF and cerebral thromboembolism, while LAMA4 p.A225P may be associated with ARVC/D and hereditary electrocardiogram abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Li
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.,School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Zhuo Lin
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Zebing Ye
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Yubi Lin
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.
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19
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Zhou H, Wang M, Zhang Y, Su Q, Xie Z, Chen X, Yan R, Li P, Li T, Qin X, Yang H, Wu C, You F, Li S, Liu Y. Functions and clinical significance of mechanical tumor microenvironment: cancer cell sensing, mechanobiology and metastasis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:374-400. [PMID: 35470988 PMCID: PMC9118059 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and heterogeneous interaction between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment fuels the occurrence, progression, invasion, and metastasis of solid tumors. In this process, the tumor microenvironment (TME) fractures cellular and matrix architecture normality through biochemical and mechanical means, abetting tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. Tumor cells sense and respond to the strength, direction, and duration of mechanical cues in the TME by various mechanotransduction pathways. However, far less understood is the comprehensive perspective of the functions and mechanisms of mechanotransduction. Due to the great therapeutic difficulties brought by the mechanical changes in the TME, emerging studies have focused on targeting the adverse mechanical factors in the TME to attenuate disease rather than conventionally targeting tumor cells themselves, which has been proven to be a potential therapeutic approach. In this review, we discussed the origins and roles of mechanical factors in the TME, cell sensing, mechano‐biological coupling and signal transduction, in vitro construction of the tumor mechanical microenvironment, applications and clinical significance in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Zhou
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Su
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxin Xie
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Fengming You
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, P. R. China
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20
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Maremonti MI, Panzetta V, Dannhauser D, Netti PA, Causa F. Wide-range viscoelastic compression forces in microfluidics to probe cell-dependent nuclear structural and mechanobiological responses. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210880. [PMID: 35440204 PMCID: PMC9019521 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell nucleus plays a critical role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes, by adaptive changes of its envelope composition to external biophysical stimuli such as substrate rigidity and tensile forces. Current measurement approaches lack precise control in stress application on nuclei, thus significantly impairing a complete mechanobiological study of cells. Here, we present a contactless microfluidic approach capable to exert a wide range of viscoelastic compression forces (10–103 µN)—as an alternative to adhesion-related techniques—to induce cell-specific mechano-structural and biomolecular changes. We succeed in monitoring substantial nuclear modifications in Lamin A/C expression and coverage, diffusion processes of probing molecules, YAP shuttling, chromatin re-organization and cGAS pathway activation. As a result, high compression forces lead to a nuclear reinforcement (e.g. up to +20% in Lamin A/C coverage) or deconstruction (e.g. down to −45% in Lamin A/C coverage with a 30% reduction of chromatin condensation state parameter) up to cell death. We demonstrate how wide-range compression on suspended cells can be used as a tool to investigate nuclear mechanobiology and to define specific nuclear signatures for cell mechanical phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabella Maremonti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - David Dannhauser
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Causa
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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21
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Zeng Y, Ramani PD, Gao W, Zhao W. Revealing the heterogeneity in neuroblastoma cells via nanopillar-guided subnuclear deformation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2617-2627. [PMID: 35133394 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a hard-to-treat childhood cancer that is well known for the heterogeneity of its clinical phenotypes. Although the risk levels of neuroblastoma have been defined from a complex matrix of clinical and tumor biological factors to guide treatment, the accuracy in predicting cancer relapse and related fatality is still poor in many cases, where heterogeneity with subpopulations in highly malignant or drug-resistant tumors is believed to be underestimated by the current analysis methods. Therefore, new technologies to probe neuroblastoma heterogeneity are needed for the improvement of risk stratification. In this study, we introduce the nanopillar-guided subnuclear morphology as an effective indicator for heterogeneity evaluation among individual neuroblastoma cells. Nuclear polymorphisms, especially the generation of subnuclear irregularities, are well-known markers of high cancer metastasis risk and poor prognosis. By quantitatively evaluating the orientation of nanopillar-guided nuclear envelope features in neuroblastoma cells, we identified two subpopulations with differential motilities and EMT marker levels. Moreover, with endogenous expression, cells with high levels of the nuclear structure protein lamin A exhibit anisotropic deformation on nanopillars and migrate faster than low-lamin A cells, indicating a greater potential for metastasis. Overexpression of lamin A, however, reduces both the coherency and migration speed, suggesting that subpopulations with similar lamin A levels may have different metastatic potentials. We further verified that nanopillar-generated nuclear deformation patterns can quantitatively reveal individual cells' responses to anti-cancer drug treatment. Overall, we envision that the nanopillar-based assessment of subnuclear irregularities brings new additions to our toolkits for both precise risk stratification in neuroblastoma and the evaluation of related anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
| | - Priya Dharshana Ramani
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
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22
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Mierke CT. Viscoelasticity, Like Forces, Plays a Role in Mechanotransduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:789841. [PMID: 35223831 PMCID: PMC8864183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.789841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelasticity and its alteration in time and space has turned out to act as a key element in fundamental biological processes in living systems, such as morphogenesis and motility. Based on experimental and theoretical findings it can be proposed that viscoelasticity of cells, spheroids and tissues seems to be a collective characteristic that demands macromolecular, intracellular component and intercellular interactions. A major challenge is to couple the alterations in the macroscopic structural or material characteristics of cells, spheroids and tissues, such as cell and tissue phase transitions, to the microscopic interferences of their elements. Therefore, the biophysical technologies need to be improved, advanced and connected to classical biological assays. In this review, the viscoelastic nature of cytoskeletal, extracellular and cellular networks is presented and discussed. Viscoelasticity is conceptualized as a major contributor to cell migration and invasion and it is discussed whether it can serve as a biomarker for the cells’ migratory capacity in several biological contexts. It can be hypothesized that the statistical mechanics of intra- and extracellular networks may be applied in the future as a powerful tool to explore quantitatively the biomechanical foundation of viscoelasticity over a broad range of time and length scales. Finally, the importance of the cellular viscoelasticity is illustrated in identifying and characterizing multiple disorders, such as cancer, tissue injuries, acute or chronic inflammations or fibrotic diseases.
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23
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Wang L, Paudyal SC, Kang Y, Owa M, Liang FX, Spektor A, Knaut H, Sánchez I, Dynlacht BD. Regulators of tubulin polyglutamylation control nuclear shape and cilium disassembly by balancing microtubule and actin assembly. Cell Res 2022; 32:190-209. [PMID: 34782749 PMCID: PMC8807603 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal networks play an important role in regulating nuclear morphology and ciliogenesis. However, the role of microtubule (MT) post-translational modifications in nuclear shape regulation and cilium disassembly has not been explored. Here we identified a novel regulator of the tubulin polyglutamylase complex (TPGC), C11ORF49/CSTPP1, that regulates cytoskeletal organization, nuclear shape, and cilium disassembly. Mechanistically, loss of C11ORF49/CSTPP1 impacts the assembly and stability of the TPGC, which modulates long-chain polyglutamylation levels on microtubules (MTs) and thereby balances the binding of MT-associated proteins and actin nucleators. As a result, loss of TPGC leads to aberrant, enhanced assembly of MTs that penetrate the nucleus, which in turn leads to defects in nuclear shape, and disorganization of cytoplasmic actin that disrupts the YAP/TAZ pathway and cilium disassembly. Further, we showed that C11ORF49/CSTPP1-TPGC plays mechanistically distinct roles in the regulation of nuclear shape and cilium disassembly. Remarkably, disruption of C11ORF49/CSTPP1-TPGC also leads to developmental defects in vivo. Our findings point to an unanticipated nexus that links tubulin polyglutamylation with nuclear shape and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sharad C Paudyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuchen Kang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Spektor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irma Sánchez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Cells generate and sense mechanical forces that trigger biochemical signals to elicit cellular responses that control cell fate changes. Mechanical forces also physically distort neighboring cells and the surrounding connective tissue, which propagate mechanochemical signals over long distances to guide tissue patterning, organogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis. As the largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus is particularly sensitive to mechanical force and deformation. Nuclear responses to mechanical force include adaptations in chromatin architecture and transcriptional activity that trigger changes in cell state. These force-driven changes also influence the mechanical properties of chromatin and nuclei themselves to prevent aberrant alterations in nuclear shape and help maintain genome integrity. This review will discuss principles of nuclear mechanotransduction and chromatin mechanics and their role in DNA damage and cell fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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25
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Singh I, Lele TP. Nuclear Morphological Abnormalities in Cancer: A Search for Unifying Mechanisms. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:443-467. [PMID: 36348118 PMCID: PMC9722227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Irregularities in nuclear shape and/or alterations to nuclear size are a hallmark of malignancy in a broad range of cancer types. Though these abnormalities are commonly used for diagnostic purposes and are often used to assess cancer progression in the clinic, the mechanisms through which they occur are not well understood. Nuclear size alterations in cancer could potentially arise from aneuploidy, changes in osmotic coupling with the cytoplasm, and perturbations to nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nuclear shape changes may occur due to alterations to cell-generated mechanical stresses and/or alterations to nuclear structural components, which balance those stresses, such as the nuclear lamina and chromatin. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying abnormal nuclear morphology and size may allow the development of new therapeutics to target nuclear aberrations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Shelton SN, Smith SE, Unruh JR, Jaspersen SL. A distinct inner nuclear membrane proteome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae gametes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:6400631. [PMID: 34849801 PMCID: PMC8664494 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteome regulates gene expression, chromatin organization, and nuclear transport; however, it is poorly understood how changes in INM protein composition contribute to developmentally regulated processes, such as gametogenesis. We conducted a screen to determine how the INM proteome differs between mitotic cells and gametes. In addition, we used a strategy that allowed us to determine if spores synthesize their INM proteins de novo, rather than inheriting their INM proteins from the parental cell. This screen used a split-GFP complementation system, where we were able to compare the distribution of all C-terminally tagged transmembrane proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in gametes to that of mitotic cells. Gametes contain a distinct INM proteome needed to complete gamete formation, including expression of genes linked to cell wall biosynthesis, lipid biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, protein degradation, and unknown functions. Based on the inheritance pattern, INM components are made de novo in the gametes. Whereas mitotic cells show a strong preference for proteins with small extraluminal domains, gametes do not exhibit this size preference likely due to the changes in the nuclear permeability barrier during gametogenesis. Taken together, our data provide evidence for INM changes during gametogenesis and shed light on mechanisms used to shape the INM proteome of spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shary N Shelton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sarah E Smith
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sue L Jaspersen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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27
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Seelbinder B, Ghosh S, Schneider SE, Scott AK, Berman AG, Goergen CJ, Margulies KB, Bedi K, Casas E, Swearingen AR, Brumbaugh J, Calve S, Neu CP. Nuclear deformation guides chromatin reorganization in cardiac development and disease. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1500-1516. [PMID: 34857921 PMCID: PMC9300284 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In cardiovascular tissues, changes in the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix are associated with cellular de-differentiation and with subsequent functional declines. However, the underlying mechanoreceptive mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, by generating high-resolution, full-field strain maps of cardiomyocyte nuclei during contraction in vitro, complemented with evidence from tissues from patients with cardiomyopathy and from mice with reduced cardiac performance, we show that cardiomyocytes establish a distinct nuclear organization during maturation, characterized by the reorganization of H3K9me3-marked chromatin towards the nuclear border. Specifically, we show that intranuclear tension is spatially correlated with H3K9me3-marked chromatin, that reductions in nuclear deformation (through environmental stiffening or through the disruption of complexes of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) abrogate chromatin reorganization and lead to the dissociation of H3K9me3-marked chromatin from the nuclear periphery, and that the suppression of H3K9 methylation induces chromatin reorganization and reduces the expression of cardiac developmental genes. Overall, our findings indicate that, by integrating environmental mechanical cues, the nuclei of cardiomyocytes guide and stabilize the fate of cells through the reorganization of epigenetically marked chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seelbinder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder (CO)
| | - Soham Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder (CO)
| | | | - Adrienne K. Scott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder (CO)
| | - Alycia G. Berman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette (IN)
| | - Craig J. Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette (IN)
| | | | - Kenneth Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (PA)
| | - Eduard Casas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder (CO)
| | - Alison R. Swearingen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder (CO)
| | - Justin Brumbaugh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder (CO)
| | - Sarah Calve
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder (CO),Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette (IN)
| | - Corey P. Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder (CO),Corresponding Author
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28
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Venkatachalapathy S, Jokhun DS, Andhari M, Shivashankar GV. Single cell imaging-based chromatin biomarkers for tumor progression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23041. [PMID: 34845273 PMCID: PMC8630115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression within the tissue microenvironment is accompanied by complex biomechanical alterations of the extracellular environment. While histopathology images provide robust biochemical markers for tumor progression in clinical settings, a quantitative single cell score using nuclear morphology and chromatin organization integrated with the long range mechanical coupling within the tumor microenvironment is missing. We propose that the spatial chromatin organization in individual nuclei characterises the cell state and their alterations during tumor progression. In this paper, we first built an image analysis pipeline and implemented it to classify nuclei from patient derived breast tissue biopsies of various cancer stages based on their nuclear and chromatin features. Replacing H&E with DNA binding dyes such as Hoescht stained tissue biopsies, we improved the classification accuracy. Using the nuclear morphology and chromatin organization features, we constructed a pseudo-time model to identify the chromatin state changes that occur during tumour progression. This enabled us to build a single-cell mechano-genomic score that characterises the cell state during tumor progression from a normal to a metastatic state. To gain further insights into the alterations in the local tissue microenvironments, we also used the nuclear orientations to identify spatial neighbourhoods that have been posited to drive tumor progression. Collectively, we demonstrate that image-based single cell chromatin and nuclear features are important single cell biomarkers for phenotypic mapping of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradha Venkatachalapathy
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Doorgesh S Jokhun
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Madhavi Andhari
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - G V Shivashankar
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore. .,FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
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29
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Iyer SR, Folker ES, Lovering RM. The Nucleoskeleton: Crossroad of Mechanotransduction in Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2021; 12:724010. [PMID: 34721058 PMCID: PMC8554227 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are a primary structural component of the cytoskeleton extending throughout the muscle cell (myofiber). Mechanotransduction, the process by which mechanical force is translated into a biochemical signal to activate downstream cellular responses, is crucial to myofiber function. Mechanical forces also act on the nuclear cytoskeleton, which is integrated with the myofiber cytoskeleton by the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. Thus, the nucleus serves as the endpoint for the transmission of force through the cell. The nuclear lamina, a dense meshwork of lamin IFs between the nuclear envelope and underlying chromatin, plays a crucial role in responding to mechanical input; myofibers constantly respond to mechanical perturbation via signaling pathways by activation of specific genes. The nucleus is the largest organelle in cells and a master regulator of cell homeostasis, thus an understanding of how it responds to its mechanical environment is of great interest. The importance of the cell nucleus is magnified in skeletal muscle cells due to their syncytial nature and the extreme mechanical environment that muscle contraction creates. In this review, we summarize the bidirectional link between the organization of the nucleoskeleton and the contractile features of skeletal muscle as they relate to muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama R Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eric S Folker
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Richard M Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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30
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Hinz BE, Walker SG, Xiong A, Gogal RA, Schnieders MJ, Wallrath LL. In Silico and In Vivo Analysis of Amino Acid Substitutions That Cause Laminopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011226. [PMID: 34681887 PMCID: PMC8536974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene cause diseases called laminopathies. LMNA encodes lamins A and C, intermediate filaments with multiple roles at the nuclear envelope. LMNA mutations are frequently single base changes that cause diverse disease phenotypes affecting muscles, nerves, and fat. Disease-associated amino acid substitutions were mapped in silico onto three-dimensional structures of lamin A/C, revealing no apparent genotype–phenotype connections. In silico analyses revealed that seven of nine predicted partner protein binding pockets in the Ig-like fold domain correspond to sites of disease-associated amino acid substitutions. Different amino acid substitutions at the same position within lamin A/C cause distinct diseases, raising the question of whether the nature of the amino acid replacement or genetic background differences contribute to disease phenotypes. Substitutions at R249 in the rod domain cause muscular dystrophies with varying severity. To address this variability, we modeled R249Q and R249W in Drosophila Lamin C, an orthologue of LMNA. Larval body wall muscles expressing mutant Lamin C caused abnormal nuclear morphology and premature death. When expressed in indirect flight muscles, R249W caused a greater number of adults with wing posturing defects than R249Q, consistent with observations that R249W and R249Q cause distinct muscular dystrophies, with R249W more severe. In this case, the nature of the amino acid replacement appears to dictate muscle disease severity. Together, our findings illustrate the utility of Drosophila for predicting muscle disease severity and pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E. Hinz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Sydney G. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Austin Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Rose A. Gogal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Michael J. Schnieders
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-7920
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31
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Ovsiannikova NL, Lavrushkina SV, Ivanova AV, Mazina LM, Zhironkina OA, Kireev II. Lamin A as a Determinant of Mechanical Properties of the Cell Nucleus in Health and Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1288-1300. [PMID: 34903160 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the main factors associated with worse prognosis in oncology is metastasis, which is based on the ability of tumor cells to migrate from the primary source and to form secondary tumors. The search for new strategies to control migration of metastatic cells is one of the urgent issues in biomedicine. One of the strategies to stop spread of cancer cells could be regulation of the nuclear elasticity. Nucleus, as the biggest and stiffest cellular compartment, determines mechanical properties of the cell as a whole, and, hence, could prevent cell migration through the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. Nuclear rigidity is maintained by the nuclear lamina, two-dimensional network of intermediate filaments in the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Here we present the most significant factors defining nucleus rigidity, discuss the role of nuclear envelope composition in the cell migration, as well consider possible approaches to control lamina composition in order to change plasticity of the cell nucleus and ability of the tumor cells to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Ovsiannikova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Lavrushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Ivanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ludmila M Mazina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Oxana A Zhironkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Igor I Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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32
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Stiekema M, Ramaekers FCS, Kapsokalyvas D, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Veltrop RJA, Broers JLV. Super-Resolution Imaging of the A- and B-Type Lamin Networks: A Comparative Study of Different Fluorescence Labeling Procedures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910194. [PMID: 34638534 PMCID: PMC8508656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A- and B-type lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins. Mutations in the genes encoding these lamins cause rare diseases, collectively called laminopathies. A fraction of the cells obtained from laminopathy patients show aberrations in the localization of each lamin subtype, which may represent only the minority of the lamina disorganization. To get a better insight into more delicate and more abundant lamina abnormalities, the lamin network can be studied using super-resolution microscopy. We compared confocal scanning laser microscopy and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy in combination with different fluorescence labeling approaches for the study of the lamin network. We demonstrate the suitability of an immunofluorescence staining approach when using STED microscopy, by determining the lamin layer thickness and the degree of lamin A and B1 colocalization as detected in fixed fibroblasts (co-)stained with lamin antibodies or (co-)transfected with EGFP/YFP lamin constructs. This revealed that immunofluorescence staining of cells does not lead to consequent changes in the detected lamin layer thickness, nor does it influence the degree of colocalization of lamin A and B1, when compared to the transfection approach. Studying laminopathy patient dermal fibroblasts (LMNA c.1130G>T (p.(Arg377Leu)) variant) confirmed the suitability of immunofluorescence protocols in STED microscopy, which circumvents the need for less convenient transfection steps. Furthermore, we found a significant decrease in lamin A/C and B1 colocalization in these patient fibroblasts, compared to normal human dermal fibroblasts. We conclude that super-resolution light microscopy combined with immunofluorescence protocols provides a potential tool to detect structural lamina differences between normal and laminopathy patient fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Stiekema
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (F.C.S.R.); (D.K.); (M.A.M.J.v.Z.)
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans C. S. Ramaekers
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (F.C.S.R.); (D.K.); (M.A.M.J.v.Z.)
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (F.C.S.R.); (D.K.); (M.A.M.J.v.Z.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, IZKF, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc A. M. J. van Zandvoort
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (F.C.S.R.); (D.K.); (M.A.M.J.v.Z.)
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogier J. A. Veltrop
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jos L. V. Broers
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (F.C.S.R.); (D.K.); (M.A.M.J.v.Z.)
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433881366
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33
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Aberrant nuclear lamina contributes to the malignancy of human gliomas. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:132-144. [PMID: 34530169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of tumor in the central nervous system, accounting for around 80% of all malignant brain tumors. Previous studies showed a significant association between nuclear morphology and the malignant progress of gliomas. By virtue of integrated proteomics and genomics analyses as well as experimental validations, we identify three nuclear lamin genes (LMNA, LMNB1 and LMNB2) that are significantly upregulated in glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues. We show that elevated expressions of LMNB1, LMNB2 and LMNA in glioma cells are highly associated with the rapid progression of the disease and the knockdown of LMNB1, LMNB2 and LMNA dramatically suppresses glioma progression in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models. Moreover, the repression of glioma cell growth by lamin knockdown is mediated by the pRb-mediated G1-S inhibition. On the contrary, overexpression of lamins in normal human astrocytes dramatically induced nuclear morphological aberrations and accelerated cell growth. Together, our multi-omics-based analysis has revealed a previously unrecognized role of lamin genes in gliomagenesis, providing a strong support for the key link between aberrant tumor nuclear shape and the survival of glioma patients. Based on these findings, lamins are proposed to be potential oncogene targets for therapeutic treatments of brain tumors.
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34
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Lu JZ, Qiao ZB, Zhang L, Cao HX, Bai ZH, Qi YY, Zhu HY, Chen YQ, Zhang SM, Yan XH, Bao Y, Jia WW, Liu ZM. Generation of a laminopathies-specific iPSC line EHTJUi005-A-3 with homozygous knockout of the LMNA gene by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102530. [PMID: 34507144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LAMIN A/C, encoded by the LMNA gene, supports the normal structure of the cell nucleus and regulates the connection between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton as a component of the nucleus envelope. The loss of expression and function of the LMNA gene would lead to the occurrence of congenital muscular dystrophy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy which are collectively named as laminopathies. Here, we report a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line (EHTJUi005-A-3) generated from a wild iPSC (EHTJUi005-A) with homozygous knockout of the gene LMNA through CRISPR/Cas9. This iPSC line provides a useful research model for studying laminopathies disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhen Lu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Qiao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Xia Cao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Bai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Yao Qi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han-Yu Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ya-Qi Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shou-Mei Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Yan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Wen Jia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Shemer Y, Mekies LN, Ben Jehuda R, Baskin P, Shulman R, Eisen B, Regev D, Arbustini E, Gerull B, Gherghiceanu M, Gottlieb E, Arad M, Binah O. Investigating LMNA-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157874. [PMID: 34360639 PMCID: PMC8346174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy is an inherited heart disease caused by mutations in the LMNA gene encoding for lamin A/C. The disease is characterized by left ventricular enlargement and impaired systolic function associated with conduction defects and ventricular arrhythmias. We hypothesized that LMNA-mutated patients' induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) display electrophysiological abnormalities, thus constituting a suitable tool for deciphering the arrhythmogenic mechanisms of the disease, and possibly for developing novel therapeutic modalities. iPSC-CMs were generated from two related patients (father and son) carrying the same E342K mutation in the LMNA gene. Compared to control iPSC-CMs, LMNA-mutated iPSC-CMs exhibited the following electrophysiological abnormalities: (1) decreased spontaneous action potential beat rate and decreased pacemaker current (If) density; (2) prolonged action potential duration and increased L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) density; (3) delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), arrhythmias and increased beat rate variability; (4) DADs, arrhythmias and cessation of spontaneous firing in response to β-adrenergic stimulation and rapid pacing. Additionally, compared to healthy control, LMNA-mutated iPSC-CMs displayed nuclear morphological irregularities and gene expression alterations. Notably, KB-R7943, a selective inhibitor of the reverse-mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, blocked the DADs in LMNA-mutated iPSC-CMs. Our findings demonstrate cellular electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the arrhythmias in LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Shemer
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Research Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (Y.S.); (L.N.M.); (R.B.J.); (P.B.); (R.S.); (B.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Lucy N. Mekies
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Research Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (Y.S.); (L.N.M.); (R.B.J.); (P.B.); (R.S.); (B.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Ronen Ben Jehuda
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Research Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (Y.S.); (L.N.M.); (R.B.J.); (P.B.); (R.S.); (B.E.); (D.R.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Polina Baskin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Research Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (Y.S.); (L.N.M.); (R.B.J.); (P.B.); (R.S.); (B.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Rita Shulman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Research Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (Y.S.); (L.N.M.); (R.B.J.); (P.B.); (R.S.); (B.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Binyamin Eisen
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Research Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (Y.S.); (L.N.M.); (R.B.J.); (P.B.); (R.S.); (B.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Danielle Regev
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Research Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (Y.S.); (L.N.M.); (R.B.J.); (P.B.); (R.S.); (B.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | | | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel;
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ofer Binah
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Research Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (Y.S.); (L.N.M.); (R.B.J.); (P.B.); (R.S.); (B.E.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-8295262; Fax: +972-4-8513919
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Liddane AG, McNamara CA, Campbell MC, Mercier I, Holaska JM. Defects in Emerin-Nucleoskeleton Binding Disrupt Nuclear Structure and Promote Breast Cancer Cell Motility and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1196-1207. [PMID: 33771882 PMCID: PMC8254762 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear envelope proteins play an important role in regulating nuclear size and structure in cancer. Altered expression of nuclear lamins are found in many cancers and its expression is correlated with better clinical outcomes. The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell with a diameter between 10 and 20 μm. Nuclear size significantly impacts cell migration. Nuclear structural changes are predicted to impact cancer metastasis by regulating cancer cell migration. Here we show emerin regulates nuclear structure in invasive breast cancer cells to impact cancer metastasis. Invasive breast cancer cells had 40% to 50% less emerin than control cells, which resulted in decreased nuclear size. Overexpression of GFP-emerin in invasive breast cancer cells rescued nuclear size and inhibited migration through 3.0 and 8.0 μm pores. Mutational analysis showed emerin binding to nucleoskeletal proteins was important for its regulation of nuclear structure, migration, and invasion. Importantly, emerin expression inhibited lung metastasis by 91% in orthotopic mouse models of breast cancer. Emerin nucleoskeleton-binding mutants failed to inhibit metastasis. These results support a model whereby emerin binding to the nucleoskeleton regulates nuclear structure to impact metastasis. In this model, emerin plays a central role in metastatic transformation, because decreased emerin expression during transformation causes the nuclear structural defects required for increased cell migration, intravasation, and extravasation. IMPLICATIONS: Modulating emerin expression and function represents new targets for therapeutic interventions of metastasis, because increased emerin expression rescued cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Liddane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Chelsea A McNamara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Mallory C Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Isabelle Mercier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James M Holaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
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Lee B, Lee S, Lee Y, Park Y, Shim J. Emerin Represses STAT3 Signaling through Nuclear Membrane-Based Spatial Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136669. [PMID: 34206382 PMCID: PMC8269395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerin is the inner nuclear membrane protein involved in maintaining the mechanical integrity of the nuclear membrane. Mutations in EMD encoding emerin cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Evidence is accumulating that emerin regulation of specific gene expression is associated with this disease, but the exact function of emerin has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that emerin downregulates Signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, activated exclusively by Janus kinase (JAK). Deletion mutation experiments show that the lamin-binding domain of emerin is essential for the inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Emerin interacts directly and co-localizes with STAT3 in the nuclear membrane. Emerin knockdown induces STAT3 target genes Bcl2 and Survivin to increase cell survival signals and suppress hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Specifically, downregulation of BAF or lamin A/C increases STAT3 signaling, suggesting that correct-localized emerin, by assembling with BAF and lamin A/C, acts as an intrinsic inhibitor against STAT3 signaling. In C2C12 cells, emerin knockdown induces STAT3 target gene, Pax7, and activated abnormal myoblast proliferation associated with muscle wasting in skeletal muscle homeostasis. Our results indicate that emerin downregulates STAT3 signaling by inducing retention of STAT3 and delaying STAT3 signaling in the nuclear membrane. This mechanism provides clues to the etiology of emerin-related muscular dystrophy and may be a new therapeutic target for treatment.
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Hayward MK, Muncie JM, Weaver VM. Tissue mechanics in stem cell fate, development, and cancer. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1833-1847. [PMID: 34107299 PMCID: PMC9056158 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells in tissues experience a plethora of forces that regulate their fate and modulate development and homeostasis. Cells sense mechanical cues through localized mechanoreceptors or by influencing cytoskeletal or plasma membrane organization. Cells translate force and modulate their behavior through a process termed mechanotransduction. Cells tune their tension upon exposure to chronic force by engaging cellular machinery that modulates actin tension, which in turn stimulates matrix remodeling and stiffening and alters cell-cell adhesions until cells achieve a state of tensional homeostasis. Loss of tensional homeostasis can be induced through oncogene activity and/or tissue fibrosis, accompanies tumor progression, and is associated with increased cancer risk. The mechanical stresses that develop in tumors can also foster the mesenchymal-like transdifferentiation of cells to induce a stem-like phenotype that contributes to their aggression, metastatic dissemination, and treatment resistance. Thus, strategies that ameliorate tumor mechanics may comprise an effective strategy to prevent aggressive tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Kate Hayward
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Calculation of the force field required for nucleus deformation during cell migration through constrictions. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008592. [PMID: 34029312 PMCID: PMC8177636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell migration in confinement, the nucleus has to deform for a cell to pass through small constrictions. Such nuclear deformations require significant forces. A direct experimental measure of the deformation force field is extremely challenging. However, experimental images of nuclear shape are relatively easy to obtain. Therefore, here we present a method to calculate predictions of the deformation force field based purely on analysis of experimental images of nuclei before and after deformation. Such an inverse calculation is technically non-trivial and relies on a mechanical model for the nucleus. Here we compare two simple continuum elastic models of a cell nucleus undergoing deformation. In the first, we treat the nucleus as a homogeneous elastic solid and, in the second, as an elastic shell. For each of these models we calculate the force field required to produce the deformation given by experimental images of nuclei in dendritic cells migrating in microchannels with constrictions of controlled dimensions. These microfabricated channels provide a simplified confined environment mimicking that experienced by cells in tissues. Our calculations predict the forces felt by a deforming nucleus as a migrating cell encounters a constriction. Since a direct experimental measure of the deformation force field is very challenging and has not yet been achieved, our numerical approaches can make important predictions motivating further experiments, even though all the parameters are not yet available. We demonstrate the power of our method by showing how it predicts lateral forces corresponding to actin polymerisation around the nucleus, providing evidence for actin generated forces squeezing the sides of the nucleus as it enters a constriction. In addition, the algorithm we have developed could be adapted to analyse experimental images of deformation in other situations. Many cell types are able to migrate and squeeze through constrictions that are narrower than the cell’s resting radius. For example, both immune cells and metastatic cancer cells change their shape to migrate through small holes in the complex tissue media they move in. During migration the cell nucleus is more difficult to deform than the cell cytoplasm and therefore significant forces are required for a cell to pass through spaces that are smaller than the resting size of the nucleus. Experimental measurements of these forces are extremely challenging but experimental images of nuclear deformation are regularly obtained in many labs. Therefore we present a computational method to analyse experimental images of nuclear deformation to deduce the forces required to produce such deformations. A mechanical model of the nucleus is necessary for this analysis and here we present two different models. Our computational tool enables us to obtain detailed information about forces causing deformation from microscopy images and consequently provide evidence for actin generated forces squeezing the sides of the nucleus as it enters a constriction.
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40
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Age-dependent changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic signaling in skeletal muscle. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111338. [PMID: 33862137 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are conducted through myofibers and into nuclei to regulate muscle development, hypertrophy, and homeostasis. We hypothesized that nuclei in aged muscle have changes in the nuclear envelope and associated proteins, resulting in altered markers of mechano-signaling. METHODS YAP/TAZ protein expression and gene expression of downstream targets, Ankrd1 and Cyr61, were evaluated as mechanotransduction indicators. Expression of proteins in the nuclear lamina and the nuclear pore complex (NPC) were assessed, and nuclear morphology was characterized by electron microscopy. Nuclear envelope permeability was assessed by uptake of 70 kDa fluorescent dextran. RESULTS Nuclear changes with aging included a relative decrease of lamin β1 and Nup107, and a relative increase in Nup93, which could underlie the aberrant nuclear morphology, increased nuclear leakiness, and elevated YAP/TAZ signaling. CONCLUSION Aged muscles have hyperactive nuclear-cytoplasmic signaling, indicative of altered nuclear mechanotransduction. These data highlight a possible role for the nucleus in aging-related aberrant mechano-sensing.
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Parreira MT, Lavrenyuk K, Sanches JM, Dahl KN. A single stiffened nucleus alters cell dynamics and coherence in a monolayer. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:277-283. [PMID: 33837677 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Force transmission throughout a monolayer is the result of complex interactions between cells. Monolayer adaptation to force imbalances such as singular stiffened cells provides insight into the initiation of disease and fibrosis. Here, NRK-52E cells transfected with ∆50LA, which significantly stiffens the nucleus. These stiffened cells were sparsely placed in a monolayer of normal NRK-52E cells. Through morphometric analysis and temporal tracking, the impact of the singular stiffened cells shows a pivotal role in mechanoresponse of the monolayer. A method for a detailed analysis of the spatial aspect and temporal progression of the nuclear boundary was developed and used to achieve a full description of the phenotype and dynamics of the monolayers under study. Our findings reveal that cells are highly sensitive to the presence of mechanically impaired neighbors, leading to generalized loss of coordination in collective cell migration, but without seemingly affecting the potential for nuclear lamina fluctuations of neighboring cells. Reduced translocation in neighboring cells appears to be compensated by an increase in nuclear rotation and dynamic variation of shape, suggesting a "frustration" of cells and maintenance of motor activity. Interestingly, some characteristics of the behavior of these cells appear to be dependent on the distance to a ∆50LA cell, pointing to compensatory behavior in response to force transmission imbalances in a monolayer. These insights may suggest the long-range impacts of single cell defects related to tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Parreira
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kirill Lavrenyuk
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - João M Sanches
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kris Noel Dahl
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Halfmann CT, Roux KJ. Barrier-to-autointegration factor: a first responder for repair of nuclear ruptures. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:647-660. [PMID: 33678126 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1892320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a critical barrier between the cytosol and nucleus that is key for compartmentalization within the cell and serves an essential role in organizing and protecting genomic DNA. Rupturing of the NE through loss of constitutive NE proteins and/or mechanical force applied to the nucleus results in the unregulated mixing of cytosolic and nuclear compartments, leading to DNA damage and genomic instability. Nuclear rupture has recently gained interest as a mechanism that may participate in various NE-associated diseases as well as cancer. Remarkably, these rupturing events are often transient, with cells being capable of rapidly repairing nuclear ruptures. Recently, we identified Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor (BAF), a DNA-binding protein involved in post-mitotic NE reformation and cytosolic viral regulation, as an essential protein for nuclear rupture repair. During interphase, the highly mobile cytosolic BAF is primed to monitor for a compromised NE by rapidly binding to newly exposed nuclear DNA and subsequently recruiting the factors necessary for NE repair. This review highlights the recent findings of BAF's roles in rupture repair, and offers perspectives on how regulatory factors that control BAF activity may potentially alter the cellular response to nuclear ruptures and how BAF may participate in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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43
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Srivastava N, Nader GPDF, Williart A, Rollin R, Cuvelier D, Lomakin A, Piel M. Nuclear fragility, blaming the blebs. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 70:100-108. [PMID: 33662810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although textbook pictures depict the cell nucleus as a simple ovoid object, it is now clear that it adopts a large variety of shapes in tissues. When cells deform, because of cell crowding or migration through dense matrices, the nucleus is subjected to large constraints that alter its shape. In this review, we discuss recent studies related to nuclear fragility, focusing on the surprising finding that the nuclear envelope can form blebs. Contrary to the better-known plasma membrane blebs, nuclear blebs are unstable and almost systematically lead to nuclear envelope opening and uncontrolled nucleocytoplasmic mixing. They expand, burst, and repair repeatedly when the nucleus is strongly deformed. Although blebs are a major source of nuclear instability, they are poorly understood so far, which calls for more in-depth studies of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit Srivastava
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | | | - Alice Williart
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Romain Rollin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, Paris France
| | - Damien Cuvelier
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Lomakin
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, And Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.
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44
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Protean Regulation of Leukocyte Function by Nuclear Lamins. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:323-335. [PMID: 33653660 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte nucleus must be sufficiently elastic to squeeze through tissue barriers during migration, but not so collapsible as to risk damaging chromatin. The proper balance is struck in part by the composition of the nuclear lamina, a flexible meshwork composed mainly of intermediate filaments woven from type A and type B lamin proteins, that is located subjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. There is now increasing evidence that, in addition to influencing nuclear shape and stiffness and cell migration, lamins and lamin-interacting proteins may also interact functionally with chromatin to influence leukocyte gene expression, differentiation, and effector function, including T cell differentiation, B cell somatic hypermutation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis).
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45
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Naetar N, Georgiou K, Knapp C, Bronshtein I, Zier E, Fichtinger P, Dechat T, Garini Y, Foisner R. LAP2alpha maintains a mobile and low assembly state of A-type lamins in the nuclear interior. eLife 2021; 10:e63476. [PMID: 33605210 PMCID: PMC7939549 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins form stable filaments at the nuclear periphery in metazoans. Unlike B-type lamins, lamins A and C localize also in the nuclear interior, where they interact with lamin-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2α). Using antibody labeling, we previously observed a depletion of nucleoplasmic A-type lamins in mouse cells lacking LAP2α. Here, we show that loss of LAP2α actually causes formation of larger, biochemically stable lamin A/C structures in the nuclear interior that are inaccessible to lamin A/C antibodies. While nucleoplasmic lamin A forms from newly expressed pre-lamin A during processing and from soluble mitotic lamins in a LAP2α-independent manner, binding of LAP2α to lamin A/C during interphase inhibits formation of higher order structures, keeping nucleoplasmic lamin A/C in a mobile state independent of lamin A/C S22 phosphorylation. We propose that LAP2α is essential to maintain a mobile lamin A/C pool in the nuclear interior, which is required for proper nuclear functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Naetar
- Max Perutz Labs, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Konstantina Georgiou
- Max Perutz Labs, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Christian Knapp
- Max Perutz Labs, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Irena Bronshtein
- Physics Department and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Elisabeth Zier
- Max Perutz Labs, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Petra Fichtinger
- Max Perutz Labs, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Dechat
- Max Perutz Labs, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Yuval Garini
- Physics Department and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max Perutz Labs, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
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Al-Maslamani NA, Khilan AA, Horn HF. Design of a 3D printed, motorized, uniaxial cell stretcher for microscopic and biochemical analysis of mechanotransduction. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio057778. [PMID: 33563607 PMCID: PMC7888744 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to mechanical cues from their environment through a process of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Cell stretching devices are important tools to study the molecular pathways responsible for cellular responses to mechanobiological processes. We describe the development and testing of a uniaxial cell stretcher that has applications for microscopic as well as biochemical analyses. By combining simple fabrication techniques with adjustable control parameters, the stretcher is designed to fit a variety of experimental needs. The stretcher can be used for static and cyclic stretching. As a proof of principle, we visualize stretch induced deformation of cell nuclei via incremental static stretch, and changes in IEX1 expression via cyclic stretching. This stretcher is easily modified to meet experimental needs, inexpensive to build, and should be readily accessible for most laboratories with access to 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Al-Maslamani
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Division, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulghani A Khilan
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Division, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Henning F Horn
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Division, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
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47
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Serra-Marques A, Houtekamer R, Hintzen D, Canty JT, Yildiz A, Dumont S. The mitotic protein NuMA plays a spindle-independent role in nuclear formation and mechanics. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202004202. [PMID: 33044554 PMCID: PMC7555356 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells typically form a single, round nucleus after mitosis, and failures to do so can compromise genomic integrity. How mammalian cells form such a nucleus remains incompletely understood. NuMA is a spindle protein whose disruption results in nuclear fragmentation. What role NuMA plays in nuclear integrity, and whether its perceived role stems from its spindle function, are unclear. Here, we use live imaging to demonstrate that NuMA plays a spindle-independent role in forming a single, round nucleus. NuMA keeps the decondensing chromosome mass compact at mitotic exit and promotes a mechanically robust nucleus. NuMA's C terminus binds DNA in vitro and chromosomes in interphase, while its coiled-coil acts as a central regulatory and structural element: it prevents NuMA from binding chromosomes at mitosis, regulates its nuclear mobility, and is essential for nuclear formation. Thus, NuMA plays a structural role over the cell cycle, building and maintaining the spindle and nucleus, two of the cell's largest structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serra-Marques
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ronja Houtekamer
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dorine Hintzen
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John T. Canty
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sophie Dumont
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
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48
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Sapra KT, Qin Z, Dubrovsky-Gaupp A, Aebi U, Müller DJ, Buehler MJ, Medalia O. Nonlinear mechanics of lamin filaments and the meshwork topology build an emergent nuclear lamina. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6205. [PMID: 33277502 PMCID: PMC7718915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina—a meshwork of intermediate filaments termed lamins—is primarily responsible for the mechanical stability of the nucleus in multicellular organisms. However, structural-mechanical characterization of lamin filaments assembled in situ remains elusive. Here, we apply an integrative approach combining atomic force microscopy, cryo-electron tomography, network analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations to directly measure the mechanical response of single lamin filaments in three-dimensional meshwork. Endogenous lamin filaments portray non-Hookean behavior – they deform reversibly at a few hundred picoNewtons and stiffen at nanoNewton forces. The filaments are extensible, strong and tough similar to natural silk and superior to the synthetic polymer Kevlar®. Graph theory analysis shows that the lamin meshwork is not a random arrangement of filaments but exhibits small-world properties. Our results suggest that lamin filaments arrange to form an emergent meshwork whose topology dictates the mechanical properties of individual filaments. The quantitative insights imply a role of meshwork topology in laminopathies. Mechanical strength of in situ assembled nuclear lamin filaments arranged in a 3D meshwork is unclear. Here, using mechanical, structural and simulation tools, the authors report the hierarchical organization of the lamin meshwork that imparts strength and toughness to lamin filaments at par with silk and Kevlar®
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanuj Sapra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Biosystems Science and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Zhao Qin
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Anna Dubrovsky-Gaupp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Aebi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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49
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High-Throughput Identification of Nuclear Envelope Protein Interactions in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Using an Arrayed Membrane Yeast-Two Hybrid Library. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4649-4663. [PMID: 33109728 PMCID: PMC7718735 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) contains a specialized set of integral membrane proteins that maintain nuclear shape and integrity and influence chromatin organization and gene expression. Advances in proteomics techniques and studies in model organisms have identified hundreds of proteins that localize to the NE. However, the function of many of these proteins at the NE remains unclear, in part due to a lack of understanding of the interactions that these proteins participate in at the NE membrane. To assist in the characterization of NE transmembrane protein interactions we developed an arrayed library of integral and peripheral membrane proteins from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe for high-throughput screening using the split-ubiquitin based membrane yeast two -hybrid system. We used this approach to characterize protein interactions for three conserved proteins that localize to the inner nuclear membrane: Cut11/Ndc1, Lem2 and Ima1/Samp1/Net5. Additionally, we determined how the interaction network for Cut11 is altered in canonical temperature-sensitive cut11-ts mutants. This library and screening approach is readily applicable to characterizing the interactomes of integral membrane proteins localizing to various subcellular compartments.
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50
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Han S, Kim J, Lee G, Kim D. Mechanical Properties of Materials for Stem Cell Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000247. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong‐Beom Han
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Ki Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Lee
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hwee Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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